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Elbordiny HS, Elonsy SM, Daabees HG, Belal TS. Development of a sustainable multianalyte MEKC method for quantitation of the antihyperlipidemic drugs ezetimibe together with three statins. Greenness and whiteness appraisal studies. BMC Chem 2023; 17:124. [PMID: 37742031 PMCID: PMC10518094 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing powerful and sustainable research that complies with green analytical chemistry (GAC) and white analytical chemistry (WAC) fundamentals can downsize the environmental compliance costs and fruitfully affects practical and economic issues. Within this framework, rapid and white analytical micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) methodology was developed for the synchronized estimation of the antihyperlipidemic drugs Ezetimibe (EZE), Atorvastatin (ATO), Rosuvastatin (ROS) and Simvastatin (SIM). The technique was established using fused silica capillary (50 cm, 50 µm id) and the background electrolyte was 0.025 M borate buffer pH 9.2 containing 0.025 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10% v/v acetonitrile as the organic modifier. Diode array detector was adjusted at 243 nm for ATO and ROS and 237 nm for EZE and SIM. Separation was accomplished within 10 min with migration times of 4.12, 5.42, 8.23 and 8.74 min for ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM respectively. The 4 drugs were quantitated in the concentration range of 10-100 μg/mL and the correlation coefficients were not less than 0.9993. The high sensitivity was illustrated by values of the detection and quantitation limits. The limits of detection for ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM were 0.52, 0.75, 0.42 and 0.64 μg/mL, respectively, whereas, the limits of quantitation values were 1.73, 2.50, 1.40 and 2.13 μg/mL for the studied drugs, respectively. In addition to validation, as reported by the ICH guidelines, greenness and whiteness assessment using the novel AGREE calculator and the holistic functionality model RGB12 were performed. The results proved the efficiency and whiteness of the suggested technique to be routinely implemented in quality control laboratories for the assay of the four drugs and the binary mixtures of EZE with either ATO, ROS or SIM in fixed-dose combined tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydi S Elbordiny
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sohila M Elonsy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hoda G Daabees
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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2
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Ahmed AR, Korany MA, Galal SM, Ragab MAA. Green and white MEKC for determination of different anti-diabetic binary mixtures and their triple-combo pill. BMC Chem 2023; 17:86. [PMID: 37488616 PMCID: PMC10367405 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The work introduces green and white sustainable micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) procedure that could analyze therapeutically related drugs, empagliflozin (EMP), linagliptin (LIN) and metformin (MET) which are antidiabetic drugs with different mechanism of action, in their different pharmaceutical combinations. The method not only comply with the green analytical concepts, but also it is in line with sustainable analytical concepts as it is economic by applying the same operating conditions to analyze different pharmaceuticals in quality control (QC) labs which is a crucial step in QC labs and research centers to save time, effort, and money. Moreover, the method functionality regarding its scope with its achieved levels of accuracy, precision, low detection, and quantitation limits is tested using white assessment tool and compared with reported methods. The proposed MEKC coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) has been developed and validated for micro estimation of EMP and LIN in their low critical concentrations with MET in a ratio of (EMP: MET, 1:40) and (LIN: MET, 1:200). Separation was achieved within 6 min using fused silica capillary (40 cm × 50 µm id) using 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 10) in presence of 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and 10% v/v methanol. The concentration ranges of the studied anti-diabetic drugs were 10-500, 10-100 and 2.5-100 µg. mL-1 for MET, EMP and LIN, respectively. The developed method is the first MEKC for concurrent determination of EMP, LIN and MET with high separation efficiency, low solvent consumption and regard as an easy green and white analytical tool. Moreover, Greenness and whiteness assessment were done via the most widely used Analytical Eco-Scale, the innovative AGREE tool and the RGB 12 algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya R Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Korany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Galal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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3
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Semail NF, Keyon ASA, Saad B, Kamaruzaman S, Zain NNM, Lim V, Miskam M, Abdullah WNW, Raoov M, Yahaya N. Induced sample via transient isotachophoresis mediated with sweeping in micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the dual-stacking strategy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Elonsy SM, El Yazbi FA, Shaalan RA, Ahmed HM, Belal TS. Application of MEKC and UPLC with Fluorescence Detection for Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine Besylate and Bisoprolol Fumarate. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:339-347. [PMID: 33259587 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two chromatographic methods were described for simultaneous determination of the antihypertensive drugs amlodipine besylate (AML) and bisoprolol fumarate (BIS). METHODS Method I applies micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using a deactivated fused silica capillary (25 cm effective length × 50 μm internal diameter). The background electrolyte consisted of 0.01 M borate buffer (pH 9.2) containing 0.025 M sodium dodecyl sulphate and methanol in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v). Valsartan (VAL) was used as an internal standard. Diode array detector was set at 238, 224, and 210 nm for measuring AML, BIS, and VAL, respectively. Method II involves using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Zorbax SB-C8 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm particle size) was used with isocratic elution of the mobile phase composed of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile, and methanol in the ratio of 55:35:10 (v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Fluorescence detection was done using excitation wavelengths 230 and 370 nm and emission wavelengths 305 and 450 nm for BIS and AML, respectively. Validation parameters were carefully studied including linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, robustness, detection, and quantification limits. RESULTS Method I showed good linearity over the range 10-100 μg/mL for both dugs. Method II's linear ranges were 0.001-0.1 and 0.02-1 µg/mL for BIS and AML, respectively. CONCLUSION The proposed methods were successfully validated and applied for assay of the studied drugs in their fixed-dose combination tablets. HIGHLIGHTS To the best of our knowledge, this study suggests the first electro-chromatographic and LC with fluorescence detection methods for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and bisoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohila M Elonsy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Fawzy A El Yazbi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Shaalan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hytham M Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Emonts P, Servais AC, Ziemons E, Hubert P, Fillet M, Dispas A. Development of a sensitive MEKC-LIF method for synthetic cathinones analysis. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1127-1134. [PMID: 33482013 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones are phenylalkylamine compounds related to natural cathinone from Catha edulis leaves. Due to their sympathomimetic effects comparable to common illicit drugs, these substances are mainly drugs of abuse and constitute the second most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances. In order to ensure their regulation and to promote public health, reliable analytical tools are required to track these substances. In the present study, we developed a CE hyphenated to laser-induced fluorescence detection method to demonstrate its suitability to perform fast and cost-effective synthetic cathinones analysis. Fourteen compounds including isobaric compounds and position isomers were selected to encompass the large panel of chemical structures. To separate the FITC-labeled analytes (presenting the same negative charge and close mass to charge ratios), MEKC separation mode was selected. Method selectivity was not suitable using common surfactants. In this context, alkyl polyethylene glycol ether surfactants were successfully used as neutral surfactant to overcome this analytical challenge. The effect of surfactant nature on separation performances and migration behaviors of the analytes was also studied. Optimal BGE composition included 75 mM borate buffer at pH 9.3 and 0.4 mM of C12E10 surfactant. Final MEKC separation conditions were proposed to analyze a large panel of synthetic cathinones. This method helped to reach a sensitivity with LOD from 0.1 to 0.4 nM (pg/mL order).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Emonts
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Ziemons
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amandine Dispas
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Essam HM, Saad MN, Elzanfaly ES, Amer SM. Stepwise optimization and sensitivity improvement of green micellar electrokinetic chromatography method to simultaneously determine some fluoroquinolones and glucocorticoids present in various binary ophthalmic formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4941. [PMID: 32627197 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography method is presented to simultaneously quantify ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and prednisolone acetate. The method has the advantages of being rapid, accurate, reproducible, ecologically acceptable and sensitive. The electrophoretic separation utilized 20 mm borate buffer as background electrolyte with pH 10.0 ± 0.1 and 50 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate as a micelle forming molecule. A capillary tube (50 μm i.d., 33 cm) of fused silica was used and on-column diode array detection at 243 nm for dexamethasone sodium phosphate and prednisolone acetate, and 290 nm for ofloxacin and gatifloxacin. Various factors were optimized such as the background electrolyte (type, concentration and pH), addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate and its concentration, detection wavelength, applied voltage and injection parameters. The studied drugs were efficiently separated in 6.2 min, at 20 kV with high resolution. The greenness of the method was estimated using an eco-scale tool and the presented method was found to have excellent green characteristics. The method was validated in conformance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, with acceptable accuracy, precision and selectivity. The suggested method can be employed for the economic analysis of the four drugs in dissimilar binary combinations of eye drops saving solvents and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah M Essam
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martin N Saad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461383. [PMID: 32797856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography to achieve enantiomeric separations is reviewed in this article. The separation principles and the most frequently employed separation strategies to achieve chiral separations by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography are described. The use of chiral micellar systems alone or combined with other micellar systems or chiral selectors, as well as of mixtures of achiral micellar systems with chiral selectors is discussed together with the effect of different additives present in the separation medium. Indirect methods based on the derivatization of analytes with chiral derivatizing reagents and the use of achiral micelles are also considered. Preconcentration techniques employed to improve sensitivity and the main approaches developed to facilitate the coupling with Mass Spectrometry are included. The most recent and relevant methodologies developed by chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography and their applications in different fields are presented.
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8
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Xu Z, Xue T, He T. Investigation on the chiral recognition mechanism between verteporfin and cholate salts by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2905-2913. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Xu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Xue
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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9
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Schlecht J, Jooß K, Neusüß C. Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-CE-MS): coupling MS-interfering capillary electromigration methods with mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6353-6359. [PMID: 29862434 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electromigration separation techniques often demand certain compounds in the electrolyte to achieve the required selectivity and efficiency. These compounds, including the electrolyte itself, ampholytes, polymeric compounds for sieving, complexing agents, tensides, etc. are often non-volatile. Thus, interference with the electrospray ionization process is a common issue, impeding direct coupling of such electrolyte systems to mass spectrometry. Still, several options exist to obtain mass spectra after separation, including offline fractionation, alternative ionization, dilution, or the change to volatile constituents. In the first part of this article, these methods are discussed. However, all of these options are a compromise of separation performance and sensitivity of mass spectrometric detection. Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-CE-MS) systems represent a promising alternative to the aforementioned challenges, as they allow the use of existing methods with best separation performance in combination with sensitive mass characterization. In this context, the second part of this article is dedicated to the advantages, limitations, and applications of this approach. Finally, an outlook towards future developments is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
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10
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Ban E, Yoo YS, Song EJ. Analysis and applications of nanoparticles in capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2015; 141:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Hyslop JS, Hall LMG, Umansky AA, Palmer CP. RAFT polymerized nanoparticles: influences of shell and core chemistries on performance for electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:728-35. [PMID: 24302072 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The performance and solvation characteristics of two novel latex nanoparticle (NP) pseudo-stationary phases (PSPs) for EKC are determined and compared to those of previously reported micellar, polymeric, and NP materials. The new NPs have shells composed of strongly acidic poly(AMPS) as opposed to the poly(acrylic acid) shell of the prior NP, and have varied hydrophobic core chemistry of either poly(butyl acrylate) or poly(ethyl acrylate). The NPs poly(AMPS) shell shows only minor changes in mobility and selectivity between pH 4.9 and 9.4, allowing adjustment of pH to influence and optimize separation performance. All of the NP phases have significantly different solvation characteristics and selectivity relative to SDS micelles. The selectivity and solvent character are similar for NPs with poly(butyl acrylate) cores and different shells, but vary significantly between NPs with poly(butyl acrylate) versus poly(ethyl acrylate) cores. NPs with poly(butyl acrylate) cores are among the least cohesive PSPs reported to date, while the NP with poly(ethyl acrylate) core is among the most cohesive. The results demonstrate that PSPs with unique selectivity can be generated by altering the chemistry of the hydrophobic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S Hyslop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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12
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Bourdon F, Lecoeur M, Duhaut M, Odou P, Vaccher C, Foulon C. A validated micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the quantitation of dexamethasone, ondansetron and aprepitant, antiemetic drugs, in organogel. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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14
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El Deeb S, Dawwas HA, Gust R. Recent methodological and instrumental development in MEKC. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1295-303. [PMID: 23417897 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review gives an update about the methodological and instrumental developments in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography as a type of CE analytical technique. Here, the last two years development of the technique are particularly presented. Recent approaches to improve sensitivity are discussed. Newly introduced concentration techniques and experimental methods for verification of the different mechanisms and processes of micellar electrokinetic chromatography analysis are highlighted. A theoretical model to explain changes in separation and electrophoretic mobility order of fully charged analytes are demonstrated. Modern approaches for improving compatibility of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to mass spectrometry are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Mora MF, Stockton AM, Willis PA. Analysis of thiols by microchip capillary electrophoresis for in situ planetary investigations. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:309-16. [PMID: 23161601 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The detection of thiols on extraterrestrial bodies could provide evidence for life, as well as a host of potential prebiological or abiological processes. Here, we report a novel protocol to analyze organic thiols by microchip CE with LIF detection. Thiols were labeled with Pacific Blue C5 maleimide and analyzed by MEKC. The separation buffer consisted of 15 mM tetraborate pH 9.2 and 25 mM SDS. The optimized method provided LODs ranging from 1.4 to 15 nM. The method was validated using samples collected from geothermal pools at Hot Creek Gorge, California, which were found to contain 2-propanethiol and 1-butanethiol in the nanomolar concentration range. These samples serve as chemical analogues to material potentially present in the reducing environment of primitive Earth and also at sulfurous regions of Mars. Hence, the protocol developed here enables highly sensitive thiol analysis in samples with complexity comparable to that expected in astrobiologically relevant extraterrestrial settings. This new protocol could be readily added to the existing suite of microfluidic chemical analyses developed for in situ planetary exploration; all that is required is the incorporation of two new reagents to the payload of an existing instrument concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Mora
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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16
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: A review of methodological and instrumental innovations focusing on practical aspects. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:141-58. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Rabanales Campus; University of Cordoba; Cordoba; Spain
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17
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Separation and identification of smokeless gunpowder additives by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Lamalle C, Marini RD, Debrus B, Lebrun P, Crommen J, Hubert P, Servais AC, Fillet M. Development of a generic micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the separation of 15 antimalarial drugs as a tool to detect medicine counterfeiting. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1669-78. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lamalle
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacy; CIRM; University of Liège; Belgium
| | | | - Benjamin Debrus
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacy; CIRM; University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Pierre Lebrun
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacy; CIRM; University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacy; CIRM; University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacy; CIRM; University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacy; CIRM; University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacy; CIRM; University of Liège; Belgium
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Bhowmik SK, Jung BH. Analysis of plasma nucleotides in rat by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1426-1436. [PMID: 22592986 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aim of this study was to establish a simultaneous quantitative analysis method of nine endogenous nucleotides in rat plasma using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MEKC/ESI-MS). METHODS To select the optimum conditions for separation of the nucleotides, various pH, concentrations of running buffers and surfactants were tested. Ammonium acetate (20 mM) containing the surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (2 mM, pH 3.5) was selected as the micellar running buffer. The plasma samples were prepared by precipitating the proteins with 2 mM EDTA in 60% ethanol. The samples were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis (CE)/MS and selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with positive ionization. CE was performed using a silica capillary column in reversed polarity mode. RESULTS The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of the nucleotides ranged from 0.05-5 and 2.0-20 μM, respectively. The calibration curves were linear (R(2) >0.99) for all analytes, and the accuracy and precision were within ±15%. The developed method was applied to the analysis of nucleotides in rat plasma that was collected after oral administration of acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg/day) to evaluate the changes in plasma nucleotide levels under hepatotoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Decreased level of GTP and increased level of cytosine nucleotides were found to be associated with liver toxicity, which led to the conclusion that liver toxicity is closely related to changes in nucleotide levels in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Kumar Bhowmik
- Molecular Recognition Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
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Tormena CF, Evans R, Haiber S, Nilsson M, Morris GA. Matrix-assisted diffusion-ordered spectroscopy: application of surfactant solutions to the resolution of isomer spectra. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:458-465. [PMID: 22549888 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The component spectra of a mixture of isomers with nearly identical diffusion coefficients cannot normally be distinguished in a standard diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiment but can often be easily resolved using matrix-assisted DOSY, in which diffusion behaviour is manipulated by the addition of a co-solute such as a surfactant. Relatively little is currently known about the conditions required for such a separation, for example, how the choice between normal and reverse micelles affects separation or how the isomer structures themselves affect the resolution. The aim of this study was to explore the application of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) normal micelles in aqueous solution and sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) aggregates in chloroform, at a range of concentrations, to the diffusion resolution of some simple model sets of isomers such as monomethoxyphenols and short chain alcohols. It is shown that SDS micelles offer better resolution where these isomers differ in the position of a hydroxyl group, whereas AOT aggregates are more effective for isomers differing in the position of a methyl group. For both the normal SDS micelles and the less well-defined AOT aggregates, differences in the resolution of the isomers can in part be rationalised in terms of differing degrees of hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity and steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio F Tormena
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, CP 6154 - CEP 13094-971
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21
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Lamalle C, Servais AC, Fradi I, Crommen J, Fillet M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography systems for the separation of mixtures of charged and uncharged compounds. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1933-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Mu X, Qi L, Qiao J, Zhang H, Ma H. Study on alanine aminotransferase kinetics by microchip electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Stanley B, Lucy CA. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with acid labile surfactant. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1226:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Tsioupi DA, Nicolaou IN, Moore L, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral separation of Huperzine A using CE - Method validation and application in pharmaceutical formulations. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:516-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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TAKAHASHI N, MASUHARA Y, JINNO N, HASHIMOTO M, TSUKAGOSHI K. Biomolecule Analyses in an Open-Tubular Capillary Chromatography Using Ternary Mixed Carrier Solvents with Chemiluminescence Detection. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:351-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya TAKAHASHI
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Yuji MASUHARA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Naoya JINNO
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Masahiko HASHIMOTO
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kazuhiko TSUKAGOSHI
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
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26
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Xiong B, Wang W, Miao X, Liu L, Wang L, Zhou X, Hu J. Simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence, coaxial thermal lens spectroscopy and retro-reflected beam interference detection for capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2012; 88:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Chen Z, Zhong Z, Xia Z, Yang F, Mu X. Separation of Fluoroquinolones by MEKC Modified with Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid as a Modifier. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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28
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Palmer CP, Keeffer A, Hilder EF, Haddad PR. Retention behavior and selectivity of a latex nanoparticle pseudostationary phase for electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:588-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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El Deeb S, Iriban MA, Gust R. MEKC as a powerful growing analytical technique. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:166-83. [PMID: 21171121 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the principle and the developments in MEKC in terms of separation power, sensitivity, and detection approaches more than 25 years after its appearance. Newly used surfactants are mentioned. Classical and new sample concentration techniques in MEKC are described. The different detection approaches in MEKC with advantages, limitations, and future prospects are also discussed. This review highlights the wider application of MEKC in different analytical fields. Various recent selected applications of this technique in different analytical fields are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: A practical overview of current methodological and instrumental advances. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:149-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Palmer CP, Hilder EF, Quirino JP, Haddad PR. Electrokinetic chromatography and mass spectrometric detection using latex nanoparticles as a pseudostationary phase. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4046-54. [PMID: 20402470 DOI: 10.1021/ac902922u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The utility of novel latex nanoparticles as pseudostationary phases for electrokinetic chromatography with UV and mass spectrometric detection is demonstrated. The nanoparticles are synthesized using ab initio RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) in emulsion polymerization, which yields small (63 nm) particles with a narrow size distribution, a hydrophobic core, and an ionic shell. The nanoparticles are shown to provide efficient and selective separations, with retention and separation selectivity dominated by hydrophobic interactions. The nanoparticles are highly retentive, such that they are effective at relatively low concentrations. Addition of the nanoparticles to the background electrolyte at these concentrations has a minor effect on the noise with UV detection, no measurable effect on the separation current, and minor effects on analyte ionization efficiency during electrospray ionization. The nanoparticles do not cause fouling or degradation of the electrospray-mass spectrometer interface even after several weeks of use. The combination of online sample preconcentration via sweeping and selective mass spectrometric detection yields low detection limits (10-16 ppb), particularly for more hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59803, USA.
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32
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Baños CE, Silva M. Analysis of low-molecular mass aldehydes in drinking waters through capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2028-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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33
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Somsen GW, Mol R, de Jong GJ. On-line coupling of electrokinetic chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3978-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Cao J, Qu H, Cheng Y. Separation of flavonoids and phenolic acids in complex natural products by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using surfactant-coated and carboxylic single-wall carbon nanotubes as additives. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1689-96. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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JINNO N, MURAKAMI M, HASHIMOTO M, TSUKAGOSHI K. Analytical Conditions and Separation Performance of Capillary Chromatography Based on the Tube Radial Distribution of Aqueous-Organic Mixture Carrier Solvents under Laminar-Flow Conditions. ANAL SCI 2010; 26:737-42. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya JINNO
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Mari MURAKAMI
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Masahiko HASHIMOTO
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kazuhiko TSUKAGOSHI
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
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36
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Zhang J, Chakraborty U, Foley JP. Determination of residual cell culture media components by MEKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3971-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Separation of amino acids and amines by capillary electrophoresis using poly(ethylene oxide) solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7576-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Cao J, Li B, Chang YX, Li P. Direct on-line analysis of neutral analytes by dual sweeping via complexation and organic solvent field enhancement in nonionic MEKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1372-9. [PMID: 19382135 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally, neutral compounds cannot be separated by nonionic micelle capillary electrophoresis. In this report, the development of a novel on-line preconcentration technique combining dual sweeping based on complexation and organic solvent field enhancement is applied to the sensitive and selective analysis of three neutral glucosides: ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Re. Nonionic micelle detectability by CE is demonstrated through effective focusing of large sample volumes (up to 38% capillary length) using a dual sweeping mode. This results in a 50- to 130-fold improvement in the LODs relative to conventional injection method. Neutral compounds sweeping is examined in terms of analyte mobility dependence on borate complexation, solvent viscosity difference, and Brij-35 interaction. Enhanced focusing performance by this hyphenated method was demonstrated by a greater than fourfold reduction in glucoside bandwidth, as compared with common sweeping (devoid of organic solvent-mediated sweeping method in the sample matrices). Moreover, separation efficiencies greater than a million theoretical plates can be achieved by sweeping large sample volumes into narrow zones. The designated method was also tested for its ability to determine the presence of glucosides in the crude extracts obtained from plant sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Abstract
Sample stacking techniques remain an important tool for enhancement of the selectivity and sensitivity of analyses in contemporary CZE. This contribution reviews new knowledge on this topic published since 2006. It is organized according to the operational principles used, which include concentration adjustment, application of a pH step, MEKC and sweeping, and transient ITP. Techniques combining several of these principles and comparative studies are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
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40
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Su HL, Lan MT, Hsieh YZ. Using the cationic surfactants N-cetyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide and 1-cetyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide for sweeping–micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Ionic liquids used in and analyzed by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4817-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Wu CH, Chen TH, Wang GR, Huang KP, Liu CY. Retention Behavior of Highly Hydrophobic, Structurally Related Corticosteroids with SDS Based Microemulsion. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902768088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Wu
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hsien Chen
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ren Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Huang
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Ying Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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43
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Ruta J, Perrier S, Ravelet C, Roy B, Perigaud C, Peyrin E. Aptamer-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the enantioseparation of nucleotides. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1169-76. [PMID: 19128144 DOI: 10.1021/ac802443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new aptamer-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, which was able to separate the enantiomers of an anionic target (adenosine monophosphate, AMP) displaying the same electrophoretic mobility as that of the oligonucleotidic chiral selector, is reported. The design of the aptamer-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) mode consisted of nonionic micelles which acted as a pseudostationary phase and a hydrophobic cholesteryl group-tagged aptamer (Chol-Apt) which partitioned into the uncharged micellar phase. Under partial-filling format and suppressed electroosmotic flow conditions, the strong mobility alteration of Chol-Apt permitted AMP enantiomers to pass through the micelle-anchored aptamer zone and promoted the target enantioseparation. The influence of several electrophoretic parameters (such as concentration and nature of the nonionic surfactant, preincubation of the Chol-Apt and surfactant, capillary temperature, and applied voltage) on the AMP enantiomer migration was investigated in order to define the utilization conditions of the aptamer-modified MEKC mode. The chiral resolution, in a single run, of three adenine nucleotides, i.e., AMP, ADP (adenosine diphosphate), and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), was further accomplished using such methodology. This approach demonstrates the possibility to extend the CE applicability of aptamer chiral selectors to potentially any target, without restriction on its charge-to-mass ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Ruta
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire UMR 5063, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble FR 2607, CNRS-Université Grenoble I (Joseph Fourier), 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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44
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Cao J, Qi LW, Chen J, Li P. Pressure and electrokinetic injections for on-line sample stacking neutral analytes in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with salt-containing matrixes. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4422-30. [PMID: 18942679 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An on-line technique for pressure and electrokinetic injections of long sample plugs with simultaneous stacking of neutral analytes (notoginsenoside R(1), ginsenoside Rg(1), ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Rh(1), ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rg3) in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography is presented. The effects of salt concentration, sample plug length, organic modification of the sample matrix, oil phase and SDS concentration on stacking efficiency were examined in order to optimize the two injection methods. In microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography, the effect of the type of oil and SDS content on stacking mechanism is often sophisticated. This study had demonstrated that the oil type and SDS content in microemulsion indeed markedly altered the affinity of microemulsion with analytes. Finally, in comparison with the electrokinetic injection method, the most apparent disadvantages of the pressure injection method were the relatively high LOD and poor reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, PR China
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45
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Cao J, Qi LW, Liu EH, Zhang WD, Li P. Separation and on-line preconcentration by stacking and sweeping of charged analytes in the plant by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with nonionic surfactants. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:475-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Methodological and instrumental advances focused on practical aspects. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:50-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Palmer CP. Recent progress in the use of ionic polymers as pseudostationary phases for electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:163-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Terabe S. Capillary separation: micellar electrokinetic chromatography. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2009; 2:99-120. [PMID: 20636055 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), a separation mode of capillary electrophoresis (CE), has enabled the separation of electrically neutral analytes. MEKC can be performed by adding an ionic micelle to the running solution of CE without modifying the instrument. Its separation principle is based on the differential migration of the ionic micelles and the bulk running buffer under electrophoresis conditions and on the interaction between the analyte and the micelle. Hence, MEKC's separation principle is similar to that of chromatography. MEKC is a useful technique particularly for the separation of small molecules, both neutral and charged, and yields high-efficiency separation in a short time with minimum amounts of sample and reagents. To improve the concentration sensitivity of detection, several on-line sample preconcentration techniques such as sweeping have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Terabe
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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49
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Hoeman KW, Culbertson CT. A novel, environmentally friendly sodium lauryl ether sulfate-, cocamidopropyl betaine-, cocamide monoethanolamine-containing buffer for MEKC on microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4900-5. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Xiong B, Wang W, Miao X, Zhou X, Deng Y, Zhou P, Hu J. Simultaneous LIF and retro-reflected beam interference detection for CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4482-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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