Integration of a facile sustainable resonance Rayleigh scattering switchable-based system for feasible determination of centrophenoxine, a nootropic and antioxidant agent; application to crude materials and dosage forms

The proposed research adheres to a certain methodology to ensure that the technique used for analyzing the centrophenoxine drug is sustainable and green. It is important to highlight that several tools that have been recently developed were utilized as potential indicators of environmental sustainability and applicability. The present research presents a novel and entirely innovative method utilizing ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetry for the detection of centrophenoxine (CPX) drug. The employed methodology in this study involved the utilization of one-step, one-pot, and direct spectrofluorimetric technique, which was found to be both efficient and environmentally sustainable in the validation and assessment of the drug. Simply, when CPX and erythrosine B reagent were combined in an acidic environment, the highly resonance Rayleigh scattering product was immediately produced. The sensitivity limits were observed to be within the range of 15-47 ng mL-1, whereas the linearity was assessed to be in the range of 50-2000 ng mL-1. The optimal settings for all modifiable parameters of the system were ascertained through an analysis of centrophenoxine-erythrosine B complexes. Moreover, the system demonstrated compliance with International Council for Harmonization (ICH) specifications without encountering any issues. The suggested process was then rated on different recent environmental safety measuring metrics to see how good it was for the environment. Fortunately, the WAC standards that combine ecological and functional elements utilizing the Green/Red/Blue (RGB 12) design also acclaimed the current analytical technique as a white one. Additionally, a new applicability evaluation tool (BAGI) was employed to estimate the practicability of the planned method in the analytical chemistry field.

Development of a sustainable multianalyte MEKC method for quantitation of the antihyperlipidemic drugs ezetimibe together with three statins. Greenness and whiteness appraisal studies

Implementing powerful and sustainable research that complies with green analytical chemistry (GAC) and white analytical chemistry (WAC) fundamentals can downsize the environmental compliance costs and fruitfully affects practical and economic issues. Within this framework, rapid and white analytical micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) methodology was developed for the synchronized estimation of the antihyperlipidemic drugs Ezetimibe (EZE), Atorvastatin (ATO), Rosuvastatin (ROS) and Simvastatin (SIM). The technique was established using fused silica capillary (50 cm, 50 µm id) and the background electrolyte was 0.025 M borate buffer pH 9.2 containing 0.025 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10% v/v acetonitrile as the organic modifier. Diode array detector was adjusted at 243 nm for ATO and ROS and 237 nm for EZE and SIM. Separation was accomplished within 10 min with migration times of 4.12, 5.42, 8.23 and 8.74 min for ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM respectively. The 4 drugs were quantitated in the concentration range of 10-100 μg/mL and the correlation coefficients were not less than 0.9993. The high sensitivity was illustrated by values of the detection and quantitation limits. The limits of detection for ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM were 0.52, 0.75, 0.42 and 0.64 μg/mL, respectively, whereas, the limits of quantitation values were 1.73, 2.50, 1.40 and 2.13 μg/mL for the studied drugs, respectively. In addition to validation, as reported by the ICH guidelines, greenness and whiteness assessment using the novel AGREE calculator and the holistic functionality model RGB12 were performed. The results proved the efficiency and whiteness of the suggested technique to be routinely implemented in quality control laboratories for the assay of the four drugs and the binary mixtures of EZE with either ATO, ROS or SIM in fixed-dose combined tablets.