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Valproate Targets Mammalian Gastrulation Impairing Neural Tissue Differentiation and Development of the Placental Source In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168861. [PMID: 36012122 PMCID: PMC9408494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The teratogenic activity of valproate (VPA), an antiepileptic and an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDACi), is dose-dependent in humans. Previous results showed that VPA impairs in vitro development and neural differentiation of the gastrulating embryo proper. We aimed to investigate the impact of a lower VPA dose in vitro and whether this effect is retained in transplants in vivo. Rat embryos proper (E9.5) and ectoplacental cones were separately cultivated at the air-liquid interface with or without 1 mM VPA. Embryos were additionally cultivated with HDACi Trichostatin A (TSA), while some cultures were syngeneically transplanted under the kidney capsule for 14 days. Embryos were subjected to routine histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and pyrosequencing. The overall growth of VPA-treated embryos in vitro was significantly impaired. However, no differences in the apoptosis or proliferation index were found. Incidence of the neural tissue was lower in VPA-treated embryos than in controls. TSA also impaired growth and neural differentiation in vitro. VPA-treated embryos and their subsequent transplants expressed a marker of undifferentiated neural cells compared to controls where neural differentiation markers were expressed. VPA increased the acetylation of histones. Our results point to gastrulation as a sensitive period for neurodevelopmental impairment caused by VPA.
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Himelreich Perić M, Mužić-Radović V, Marić T, Bulić-Jakuš F, Jurić-Lekić G, Takahashi M, Sinčić N, Ježek D, Katušić-Bojanac A. Transmembranous and enchondral osteogenesis in transplants of rat limb buds cultivated in serum- and protein-free culture medium. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:592-601. [PMID: 35815632 PMCID: PMC9541464 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage differentiates in rat limb buds cultivated in a chemically defined protein‐free medium in the same manner as in the richer serum‐supplemented medium. We aimed to investigate the remaining differentiation potential of pre‐cultivated limb buds by subsequent transplantation in vivo. Rat front (FLBs) and hind‐limb buds (HLBs) were isolated from Fischer rat dams at the 14th gestation day (GD 14) and cultivated at the air‐liquid interface in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) alone; with 5 μM of 5‐azacytidine (5azaC) or with rat serum (1:1). Overall growth was measured seven times during the culture by an ocular micrometre. After 14 days, explants were transplanted under the kidney capsule of adult males. Growth of limb buds was significantly lower in all limb buds cultivated in MEM than in those cultivated with serum. In MEM with 5azaC, growth of LBs was significantly lower only on day 3 of culture. Afterwards, it was higher throughout the culture period, although a statistically significant difference was assessed only for HLBs. In transplants, mixed structures developed with the differentiated transmembranous bone, cartilage with enchondral ossification, bone‐marrow, sebaceous gland, and hair that have never been found in vitro. Nerves differentiated only in transplants precultivated in the serum‐supplemented medium. We conclude that pre‐cultivation of LBs in a chemically defined protein‐free medium does not restrict osteogenesis and formation of epidermal appendages but is restrictive for neural tissue. These results are important for understanding limb development and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Himelreich Perić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Mužić-Radović
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Heart and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism -Thalassotherapia Opatija, Opatija, Croatia
| | - Tihana Marić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulić-Jakuš
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jurić-Lekić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Takahashi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Communicology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sinčić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Ježek
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katušić-Bojanac
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sobočan N, Himelreich-Perić M, Katušić-Bojanac A, Krasić J, Sinčić N, Majić Ž, Jurić-Lekić G, Šerman L, Marić A, Ježek D, Bulić-Jakuš F. Extended Prophylactic Effect of N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitron against Oxidative/Nitrosative Damage Caused by the DNA-Hypomethylating Drug 5-Azacytidine in the Rat Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:603. [PMID: 35054786 PMCID: PMC8775603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitron (PBN) partly protected embryos from the negative effects of a DNA demethylating drug 5-azacytidine during pregnancy. Our aim was to investigate PBN's impact on the placenta. Fischer rat dams were treated on gestation days (GD) 12 and 13 by PBN (40 mg/kg), followed by 5azaC (5 mg/kg) after one hour. Global methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Numerical density was calculated from immunohistochemical expression in single cells for proliferating (PCNA), oxidative (oxoguanosine) and nitrosative (nitrotyrosine) activity. Results were compared with the PBN-treated and control rats. PBN-pretreatment significantly increased placental weight at GD15 and GD20, diminished by 5azaC, and diminished apoptosis in GD 20 placentas caused by 5azaC. Oxoguanosine expression in placentas of 5azaC-treated dams was especially high in the placental labyrinth on GD 15, while PBN-pretreatment lowered its expression on GD 15 and GD 20 in both the labyrinth and basal layer. 5azaC enhanced nitrotyrosine level in the labyrinth of both gestational stages, while PBN-pretreatment lowered it. We conclude that PBN exerted its prophylactic activity against DNA hypomethylating agent 5azaC in the placenta through free radical scavenging, especially in the labyrinthine part of the placenta until the last day of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Sobočan
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Himelreich-Perić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Katušić-Bojanac
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jure Krasić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nino Sinčić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Željka Majić
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Gordana Jurić-Lekić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Šerman
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Andreja Marić
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital Čakovec, 40000 Čakovec, Croatia;
| | - Davor Ježek
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulić-Jakuš
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (A.K.-B.); (J.K.); (N.S.); (G.J.-L.); (L.Š.); (D.J.); (F.B.-J.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Sobočan N, Katušić Bojanac A, Sinčić N, Himelreich-Perić M, Krasić J, Majić Ž, Jurić-Lekić G, Šerman L, Vlahović M, Ježek D, Bulić-Jakuš F. A Free Radical Scavenger Ameliorates Teratogenic Activity of a DNA Hypomethylating Hematological Therapeutic. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:717-733. [PMID: 30672391 PMCID: PMC6585171 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spin-trap free radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitron (PBN) ameliorated effects of several teratogens involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated for the first time whether PBN could ameliorate teratogenesis induced by a DNA hypomethylating hematological therapeutic 5-azacytidine (5azaC). At days 12 and 13 of gestation, Fisher rat dams were pretreated by an i.v. injection of PBN (40 mg/kg) and 1 h later by an i.p. injection of 5azaC (5mg/kg). Development was analyzed at gestation day 15 in embryos and day 20 in fetuses. PBN alone did not significantly affect development. PBN pretreatment restored survival of 5azaC-treated dams' embryos to the control level, restored weight of embryos and partially of fetuses, and partially restored crown-rump lengths. PBN pretreatment converted limb adactyly to less severe oligodactyly. PBN pretreatment restored global DNA methylation level in the limb buds to the control level. Cell proliferation in limb buds of all 5azaC-treated dams remained significantly lower than in controls. In the embryonic liver, PBN pretreatment normalized proliferation diminished significantly by 5azaC; whereas in embryonic vertebral cartilage, proliferation of all 5azaC-treated dams was significantly higher than in PBN-treated dams or controls. Apoptotic indices significantly enhanced by 5azaC in liver and cartilage were not influenced by PBN pretreatment. However, PBN significantly diminished ROS or reactive nitrogen species markers nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine elevated by 5azaC in embryonic tissues, and, therefore, activity of this DNA hypomethylating agent was associated to the activation of free radicals. That pretreatment with PBN enhanced proliferation in the liver and not in immature tissue is interesting for the treatment of 5azaC-induced hepatotoxicity and liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Sobočan
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katušić Bojanac
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sinčić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Himelreich-Perić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jure Krasić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Majić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jurić-Lekić
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Šerman
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Vlahović
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Ježek
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulić-Jakuš
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wang L, Sun HZ, Guan LL, Liu JX. Short communication: Relationship of blood DNA methylation rate and milk performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5208-5211. [PMID: 30981478 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the global methylation rate in blood DNA and its relationship with lactation performance. A total of 196 mid-lactation dairy cows were fed the same diet under the same management. Milk yield was recorded and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before morning feeding. The blood global DNA methylation rates were quantified using a methylation quantification kit. Overall, the average blood global DNA methylation rate of all cows was 12.4%. When DNA methylation rates were compared between cows with high (n = 40; 37.0 to 42.0 kg/d) and low (n = 33; 24.0 to 30.0 kg/d) milk yield, DNA methylation rates in the lower-yield cows (14.1 ± 0.7%) were significantly higher than those in the higher-yield animals (11.6 ± 0.7%). Our results indicated an association of milk and protein yields with global DNA methylation rates in lactating dairy cows. However, further research is needed to determine whether this association reflects the true influence of epigenetic mechanisms on yield or whether other factors, such as different proportions of blood cell types in high- and low-yielding cows, affect apparent global DNA methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - H Z Sun
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
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Neurotoxic Doses of Chronic Methamphetamine Trigger Retrotransposition of the Identifier Element in Rat Dorsal Dentate Gyrus. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030096. [PMID: 28272323 PMCID: PMC5368700 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are typically silenced by DNA hypermethylation in somatic cells, but can retrotranspose in proliferating cells during adult neurogenesis. Hypomethylation caused by disease pathology or genotoxic stress leads to genomic instability of SINEs. The goal of the present investigation was to determine whether neurotoxic doses of binge or chronic methamphetamine (METH) trigger retrotransposition of the identifier (ID) element, a member of the rat SINE family, in the dentate gyrus genomic DNA. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with saline or high doses of binge or chronic METH and sacrificed at three different time points thereafter. DNA methylation analysis, immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed on the dorsal dentate gyrus samples. Binge METH triggered hypomethylation, while chronic METH triggered hypermethylation of the CpG-2 site. Both METH regimens were associated with increased intensities in poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1, a SINE regulatory protein)-like immunohistochemical staining in the dentate gyrus. The amplification of several ID element sequences was significantly higher in the chronic METH group than in the control group a week after METH, and they mapped to genes coding for proteins regulating cell growth and proliferation, transcription, protein function as well as for a variety of transporters. The results suggest that chronic METH induces ID element retrotransposition in the dorsal dentate gyrus and may affect hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Desaulniers D, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Li N, Xiao GH, Marro L, Khan N, Leingartner K. Sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed that developmental exposure to environmental contaminant mixtures does not affect DNA methylation of DNA repeats in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 80:32-52. [PMID: 27905861 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1231644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypomethylation of DNA repeats has been linked to diseases and cancer predisposition. Human studies suggest that higher blood concentrations of environmental contaminants (EC) correlate with levels of hypomethylation of DNA repeats in blood. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of in utero and/or lactational exposure to EC on the methylation of DNA repeats (LINE-1 and identifier element) in Sprague-Dawley rat pups at birth, at postnatal day (PND) 21, and in adulthood (PND78-86). From gestation day 0 to PND20, dams were exposed to a mixture "M" of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), pesticides, and methylmercury (MeHg), at 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/d (0.5M and M). At birth, some control (C) and M litters were cross-fostered to create the following in utero/postnatal exposure groups: C/C, M/C, C/M, M/M. Additional dams received 1.8 ng/kg/d of a mixture of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists (non-ortho-PCB, PC-dibenzodioxins, and PC-dibenzofurans) without or with 0.5M (0.5MAhR). Measurements of EC residue levels confirmed differences in their accumulation across treatments, age, and tissues. Although induction of hepatic detoxification enzyme activities (cytochrome P-450) demonstrated biological effects of treatments, the assessment of methylation in DNA repeats by sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing of liver, spleen, and thymus samples revealed no marked treatment-related effects but significant tissue- and age-related methylation differences. Further studies are required to determine whether absence of significant observable treatment effects on methylation of DNA repeats in the rat relate to tissue, strain, or species differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Cathy Cummings-Lorbetskie
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Nanqin Li
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Gong-Hua Xiao
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Leonora Marro
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Nasrin Khan
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Karen Leingartner
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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Fabijanovic D, Serman A, Jezic M, Katusic A, Sincic N, Curkovic-Perica M, Bulic-Jakus F, Vlahovic M, Juric-Lekic G, Serman L. Impact of 5-azacytidine on rat decidual cell proliferation. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:238-43. [PMID: 24945576 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) has a teratogenic influence during rat development influencing both the embryo and the placenta. Our aim was to investigate its impact on early decidual cell proliferation before the formation of placenta. Thus, female Fischer rats received 5-azaC (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 2nd, 5th or 8th day of gestation and the decidual tissues were harvested on gestation day 9. They were then analysed immunohistochemically for expression of cell proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in decidual cells and for global DNA methylation using the coupled restriction enzyme digestion, random amplification and pyrosequencing assays. We found that 5-azaC administered on the 5th and 8th (but not on 2nd) day of gestation led to increased PCNA expression in decidual cells compared with untreated controls. No significant changes in DNA methylation were detected, with either method, in any of the treated rat groups compared with untreated controls. Thus, we conclude that 5-azaC can stimulate decidual cell proliferation without simultaneously changing global DNA methylation level in treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Fabijanovic
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Chen T, Mally A, Ozden S, Chipman JK. Low doses of the carcinogen furan alter cell cycle and apoptosis gene expression in rat liver independent of DNA methylation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1597-602. [PMID: 20562052 PMCID: PMC2974699 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of potent rodent carcinogenicity via an unclear mechanism suggests that furan in various foods [leading to an intake of up to 3.5 microg/kg body weight (bw)/day] may present a potential risk to human health. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that altered expression of genes related to cell cycle control, apoptosis, and DNA damage may contribute to the carcinogenicity of furan in rodents. In addition, we investigated the reversibility of such changes and the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in response to furan doses that approach the maximum estimated dietary intake in humans. METHODS The mRNA expression profiles of genes related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage in rat liver treated with furan concentrations of 0.1 and 2 mg/kg bw were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays. We assessed epigenetic changes by analysis of global and gene-specific DNA methylation [methylation-specific PCR, combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip] and microRNA (miRNA) analyses. RESULTS The expression profiles of apoptosis-related and cell-cycle-related genes were unchanged after 5 days of treatment, although we observed a statistically significant change in the expression of genes related to cell cycle control and apoptosis, but not DNA damage, after 4 weeks of treatment. These changes were reversed after an off-dose period of 2 weeks. None of the gene expression changes was associated with a change in DNA methylation, although we detected minor changes in the miRNA expression profile (5 miRNA alterations out of 349 measured) that may have contributed to modification of gene expression in some cases. CONCLUSION Nongenotoxic changes in gene expression may contribute to the carcinogenicity of furan in rodents. These findings highlight the need for a more comprehensive risk assessment of furan exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J. Kevin Chipman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ma H, Zhang W, Hu J, Yu Z, Chen Y, Luo Q, Shi X, Zhang Y, Song R, Zhou Z, Shen G, Fu J. Analysis of global DNA methylation levels in human blood using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:555-561. [PMID: 19661563 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in both normal physiological and disease processes. In this study, a sensitive and precise liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method has been optimized for quantification of global DNA -methylation levels in human peripheral blood by using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This method was then used to analyze age-dependent association of DNA methylation. The results showed that the limit of detection was 1 pg for 5-methyl-2'-dexycytidine (5mdC) (S/N = 5.6). The linear calibration curves with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9990 were ranged 0.75-10 ppm and 0.0375-0.5 ppm for 2'-dexycytidine (dC) and 5mdC, respectively. The relative standard derivatives (RSD) of inter-day, intra-day and parallel samples were less than 5%. The analysis results of the blood samples from 60 healthy individuals showed that the child group had the highest mean 5mdC content while the adult group had the lowest values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Research Center of Mass Spectrometry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Effect of folate deficiency on placental DNA methylation in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:172-6. [PMID: 18547797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report that the maternal folate status can influence folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation in the placenta. Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following three dietary groups: folate-supplemented (FS; 8 mg/kg folic acid, n=12), homocystine- and folate-supplemented (HFS; 0.3% homocystine and 8 mg/kg folic acid, n=12) and homocystine-supplemented and folate-deficient (HFD; 0.3% homocystine and no folic acid, n=12). The animals were fed their experimental diets from 4 weeks prior to mating until Day 20 of pregnancy (n=7-9 per group). The HFS diet increased the plasma homocysteine and placental DNA methylation but did not affect plasma folate, vitamin B-12, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) or S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) levels, or the SAM/SAH ratio in the liver and placenta compared with the FS diet. The HFD diet induced severely low plasma folate concentrations, with plasma homocysteine levels increasing up to 100 micromol/L, and increased hepatic SAH and decreased placental SAM levels and SAM/SAH ratio in both tissues, with a concomitant decrease in placental DNA methylation. Placental DNA methylation was significantly correlated with placental (gamma=0.819), hepatic (gamma=0.7) and plasma (gamma=0.752) folate levels; plasma homocysteine level (gamma=-0.688); hepatic SAH level (gamma=-0.662) and hepatic SAM/SAH ratio (gamma=0.494). These results suggest that the maternal folate status in hyperhomocysteinemic rats influences the homeostasis of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and the methyl pool, which would, in turn, affect placental DNA methylation by altering the methylation potential of the liver.
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