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Abstract
A hydrogel is a solid form of polymer network absorbed in a substantial amount of aqueous solution. In electrophoresis, hydrogels play versatile roles including as support media, sieving matrixes, affinity scaffolds, and compositions of molecularly imprinting polymers. Recently, the study of hydrogels has been advancing with unprecedented speed, and the application of hydrogels in separation science has brought new opportunities and possible breakthroughs. A good understanding about the roles and effects of the material is essential for hydrogel applications. This review summarizes the hydrogels that has been described in various modes of electrophoretic separations, including isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis (IEFGE), isotachophoresis (ITP), gel electrophoresis and affinity gel electrophoresis (AGE). As microchip electrophoresis (ME) is one of the future trends in electrophoresis, thought provoking studies related to hydrogels in ME are also introduced. Novel hydrogels and methods that improve separation performance, facilitate the experimental operation process, allow for rapid analysis, and promote the integration to microfluidic devices are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liu
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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2
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Combining capillary electromigration with molecular imprinting techniques towards an optimal separation and determination. Talanta 2021; 221:121546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Qiu X, Xu XY, Liang Y, Guo H. The molecularly imprinted polymer supported by anodic alumina oxide nanotubes membrane for efficient recognition of chloropropanols in vegetable oils. Food Chem 2018; 258:295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Molecularly imprinted polymers for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in complex samples. Talanta 2018; 176:465-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Stepanova MА, Kinziabulatova LR, Nikitina AA, Korzhikova-Vlakh EG, Tennikova TB. Cholesterol-imprinted macroporous monoliths: Preparation and characterization. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2965-2974. [PMID: 28881397 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of sorbents for selective binding of cholesterol, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has a great importance for analytical science and medicine. In this work, two series of macroporous cholesterol-imprinted monolithic sorbents differing in the composition of functional monomers (methacrylic acid, butyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate), amount of a template (4, 6 and 8 mol%) used for molecular imprinting, as well as mean pore size were synthesized by in situ free-radical process in stainless steel housing of 50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. All prepared materials were characterized regarding to their hydrodynamic permeability and porous properties, as well as examined by BET and SEM methods. Imprinting factors, apparent dynamic dissociation constants, the maximum binding capacity, the number of theoretical plates and the height equivalent to a theoretical palate of MIP monoliths at different mobile phase flow rates were determined. The separation of a mixture of structural analogues, namely, cholesterol and prednisolone, was demonstrated. Additionally, the possibility of using the developed monoliths for cholesterol solid-phase extraction from simulated biological solution was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia А Stepanova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Anna A Nikitina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana B Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Selective tools for the solid-phase extraction of Ochratoxin A from various complex samples: immunosorbents, oligosorbents, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6983-99. [PMID: 27585915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection has allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and the analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA) from complex samples (foodstuffs, biological fluids…) still requires a step of purification and of preconcentration before chromatographic determination. In this context, extraction sorbents leading to a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of OTA and of its structural analogs in order to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analyses of these compounds in complex media. Indeed, immunosorbents and oligosorbents that are based on the use of immobilized antibodies and of aptamers, respectively, and that are specific to OTA allow its selective clean-up from complex samples with high enrichment factors. Similar molecular recognition mechanisms can also be obtained by developing molecularly imprinted polymers, the synthesis of which leads to the formation of cavities that are specific to OTA, thus mimicking the recognition site of the biomolecules. Therefore, the principle, the advantages, the limits of these different types of extraction tools, and their complementary behaviors will be presented. The introduction of these selective tools in miniaturized devices will also be discussed.
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Use of aptamers in immunoassays. Mol Immunol 2016; 70:149-54. [PMID: 26774749 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers, short single-chain DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, react specifically with small molecules, as well as with proteins. Unlike antibodies, they may be obtained relatively easily. Aptamers are now widely employed in immunological studies and could replace antibodies in immunoassays. In this short review, methods for immobilizing aptamers on various insoluble materials (so-called apta-sorbents) are described. Recent findings on their use in the detection and isolation of immunoglobulins and their application in various immunoassays are also discussed.
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Hagiwara K, Kasahara Y, Fujita H, Kuwahara M. Non-Equilibrium Capillary Electrophoresis of Equilibrium Mixtures-Based Affinity Separation and Selective Enrichment of a Long-Length DNA Aptamer. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM) is a kinetic capillary electrophoresis method used for the affinity analysis of DNA binding to proteins or ligands as well as a rapid selection of DNA aptamers. However, long DNA strands (100-mer or more) are generally difficult to analyse by this method owing to their poor peak separation. Herein, we report optimized conditions (use of a neutral phosphate buffer with an ionic strength of 0.074 as a binding buffer and use of an 80-cm fused silica capillary with a 75-μm internal diameter) for the peak separation of a 100-mer thrombin-binding DNA aptamer-target complex and its consequent enrichment using the NECEEM-based capillary electrophoresis–systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX) method.
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Man-Made Synthetic Receptors for Capture and Analysis of Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4083-98. [PMID: 26473924 PMCID: PMC4626722 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for Ochratoxin A detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus, efficient sample pre-treatment methods are needed. Recent years have seen the increasing use of artificial recognition systems as a viable alternative to natural receptors, because these materials seem to be particularly suitable for applications where selectivity for Ochratoxin A is essential. In this review, molecularly imprinted polymers, aptamers and tailor-made peptides for Ochratoxin A capture and analysis with particular attention to solid phase extraction applications will be discussed.
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Mateusz Nowak P, Woźniakiewicz M, Kościelniak P. A simple method for assessment and minimization of errors in determination of electrophoretic or electroosmotic mobilities and velocities associated with the axial electric field distortion. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2994-3001. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mateusz Nowak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University in Kraków; Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Woźniakiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University in Kraków; Kraków Poland
| | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University in Kraków; Kraków Poland
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Vlakh EG, Korzhikov VA, Hubina AV, Tennikova TB. Molecular imprinting: a tool of modern chemistry for the preparation of highly selective monolithic sorbents. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Aptamer-based-sorbents for sample treatment--a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:681-98. [PMID: 25286873 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To improve selectivity during sample pretreatment, various selective tools inducing a molecular recognition mechanism during the extraction procedure have been developed, such as sorbents constituted of immobilized antibodies, i.e., immunosorbents, or molecularly imprinted polymers. More recently, as an alternative to both previous approaches, aptamers immobilized onto a solid support, i.e., oligosorbents, were proposed. Thanks to the high affinity and high selectivity of the interaction that some aptamers offer toward some target analytes, they also provide powerful techniques that make selective extraction and the concentration of a target analyte from liquid matrices in one step or sample purification of extracts from solid matrices possible. This review describes the development and the properties of these oligosorbents developed for different types of targets-pharmaceuticals, mycotoxins, proteins, cells, etc. After describing the immobilization procedures, we discuss different parameters characterizing the potential of aptamer-based supports as extraction sorbents. Close relations exist between extraction recoveries and the affinity and amounts of aptamers immobilized on the extraction device. In addition, analyte-aptamer interactions may be affected by matrix components and by additives in the samples. This may also lower extraction recoveries and affect the stability and the possible reusability of the aptamer-based sorbent. All these points are discussed and illustrated. Numerous examples of applications of these sorbents to the treatment of complex samples such as food samples, environmental samples, and biological fluids are also reported. Their association with analytical devices, from conventional to miniaturized analytical systems, is also discussed.
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Preparation of a pH-sensitive pantoprazole-imprinted polymer and evaluation of its drug-binding and -releasing properties. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Bates F. Nanomedicine: Revolutionary Interdiscipline. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2140-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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16
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Li M, Tarawally M, Liu X, Liu X, Guo L, Yang L, Wang G. Application of cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticles in enantioselective monolith capillary electrochromatography. Talanta 2013; 109:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Burkin MA, Galvidis IA. Hapten modification approach for switching immunoassay specificity from selective to generic. J Immunol Methods 2012; 388:60-7. [PMID: 23234756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cross-reactivity profile of polyclonal antibodies against a low molecular weight analyte is strongly influenced by design of the coating or enzyme-linked hapten. The hapten modification effect on immunoassay specificity was studied. Heterology in hapten type and linking method were applied. The influence of these factors on analyses of two groups of antibiotics, 16-membered macrolides and glycopeptides was studied. This approach was used to convert the selective ELISAs to tylosin and eremomycin for group determination of tylosin\tilmicosin, tylosin\spiramycin and eremomycin\vancomycin. It was shown that the analytical spectrum of the developed polyclonal antibody-based immunoassays could be expanded and depended mainly on the type of coating hapten but not on the linking method. Modification of the hapten type in coating conjugates applied in present study served as a mechanism for switching specificity of the ELISA between selective and group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A Burkin
- Department of Hybridomas, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 105064, Russia.
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Langan TJ, Nyakubaya VT, Casto LD, Dolan TD, Archer-Hartmann SA, Yedlapalli SL, Sooter LJ, Holland LA. Assessment of aptamer-steroid binding using stacking-enhanced capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:866-9. [PMID: 22522541 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The binding affinity of 17β-estradiol with an immobilized DNA aptamer was measured using capillary electrophoresis. Estradiol captured by the immobilized DNA was injected into the separation capillary using pH-mediated sample stacking. Stacked 17β-estradiol was then separated using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and detected with UV-visible absorbance. Standard addition was used to quantify the concentration of estradiol bound to the aptamer. Following incubation with immobilized DNA, analysis of free and bound estradiol yielded a dissociation constant of 70 ± 10 μM. The method was also used to screen binding affinity of the aptamer for estrone and testosterone. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of capillary electrophoresis to assess the binding affinity of DNA aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted J Langan
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6045, USA
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Giovannoli C, Passini C, Baravalle P, Anfossi L, Giraudi G, Baggiani C. An innovative approach to molecularly imprinted capillaries for polar templates by grafting polymerization. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:377-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giovannoli
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; 10125; Torino; Italy
| | - Cinzia Passini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; 10125; Torino; Italy
| | - Patrizia Baravalle
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; 10125; Torino; Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; 10125; Torino; Italy
| | - Gianfranco Giraudi
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; 10125; Torino; Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; 10125; Torino; Italy
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Giovannoli C, Baggiani C, Passini C, Biagioli F, Anfossi L, Giraudi G. A rational route to the development of a competitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay: Assessment of the variables affecting the performances of a competitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay for human serum albumin. Talanta 2012; 94:65-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Protein-imprinted materials: rational design, application and challenges. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2173-83. [PMID: 22367246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein imprinting is a promising tool for generating artificial biomimetic receptors with antibody-like specific recognition sites. Recently, protein-imprinted materials, as potential antibody substitutes, have attracted much attention in many fields, for example chemical sensors, chromatographic stationary phases, and artificial enzymes, owing to their long-term storage stability, potential re-usability, resistance to harsh environment, and low cost. In this critical review, we focus our discussion on the rational preparation of protein-imprinted materials in terms of choice of template, functional monomer, crosslinker, and polymerization format. In addition, several highlighted applications of protein-imprinted materials are emphasized, not only in well-known fields but also in some unique fields, for example proteomics and tissue engineering. Finally, we propose challenges arising from the intrinsic properties of protein imprinting, for example obtaining the template, heterogeneous binding, and extrinsic competition, for example immobilized aptamers.
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Chen FF, Wang R, Shi YP. Molecularly imprinted polymer for the specific solid-phase extraction of kirenol from Siegesbeckia pubescens herbal extract. Talanta 2012; 89:505-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Photopolymerization and photostructuring of molecularly imprinted polymers for sensor applications--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 717:7-20. [PMID: 22304811 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are already well established in modern analytical chemistry, and have become important tools for clinical diagnostics, environmental analysis, production monitoring, drug detection or screening. They are based on the specific molecular recognition of a target molecule by a biological receptor such as an antibody or an enzyme. Synthetic biomimetic receptors like molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been shown to be a potential alternative to biomolecules as recognition element for biosensing. Produced by a templating process at the molecular level, MIPs are capable of recognizing and binding target molecules with similar specificity and selectivity to their natural analogues. One of the main challenges in MIP sensor development is the miniaturization of MIP structures and their interfacing with the transducer or with a microchip. Photostructuring appears thereby as one of the most suitable methods for patterning MIPs at the micro and nano scale, directly on the transducer surface. In the present review, a general overview on MIPs in biosensing applications is given, and the photopolymerization and photopatterning of MIPs are particularly described.
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Sokoloski JE, Dombrowski SE, Bevilacqua PC. Thermodynamics of ligand binding to a heterogeneous RNA population in the malachite green aptamer. Biochemistry 2011; 51:565-72. [PMID: 22192051 DOI: 10.1021/bi201642p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The malachite green aptamer binds two closely related ligands, malachite green (MG) and tetramethylrosamine (TMR), with nearly equal affinity. The MG ligand consists of three phenyl rings emanating from a central carbon, while TMR has two of the three rings connected by an ether linkage. The binding pockets for MG and TMR in the aptamer, known from high-resolution structures, differ only in the conformation of a few nucleotides. Herein, we applied isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to compare the thermodynamics of binding of MG and TMR to the aptamer. Binding heat capacities were obtained from ITC titrations over the temperature range of 15-60 °C. Two temperature regimes were found for MG binding: one from 15 to 45 °C where MG bound with a large negative heat capacity and an apparent stoichiometry (n) of ~0.4 and another from 50 to 60 °C where MG bound with a positive heat capacity and an n of ~1.1. The binding of TMR, on the other hand, revealed only one temperature regime for binding, with a more modest negative heat capacity and an n of ~1.2. The large difference in heat capacity between the two ligands suggests that significantly more conformational rearrangement occurs upon the binding of MG than that of TMR, which is consistent with differences in solvent accessible surface area calculated for available ligand-bound structures. Lastly, we note that the binding stoichiometry of MG was improved not only by an increase in the temperature but also by a decrease in the concentration of Mg(2+) or an increase in the time between ITC injections. These studies suggest that binding of a dynamical ligand to a functional RNA requires the RNA itself to have significant dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Sokoloski
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Molecular imprinting of fructose using a polymerizable benzoboroxole: Effective complexation at pH 7.4. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao C, Zhao T, Liu X, Zhang H. A novel molecularly imprinted polymer for simultaneous extraction and determination of sudan dyes by on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6995-7002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee KH, Huang MF, Liu CW, Chang HT. Analysis of DNA complexes with small solutes by CE with LIF detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1101-7. [PMID: 20151395 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the analysis of aptamers for Hg(2+) ions through CE with LIF (CE-LIF) detection using 2% poly(ethylene oxide) solutions containing OliGreen (fluorophore). In the presence of an EOF, DNA strands migrating against the EOF were detected at the cathode end. Four DNA strands - T(33), T(5)C(28), T(5)C(5)T(23), and T(15)C(5)T(13) - could not be separated through CE-LIF in the absence of Hg(2+). At 0.3 mM Hg(2+), however, all four were partially separated within 20 min, with SDs of the migration times all being less than 2.5%. From the CE, fluorescence, and ellipticity data, we concluded that the conformations of these four DNA strands all changed from random-coil to folded structures as a result of T-Hg(2+)-T bonding. In addition, we found that this CE approach provided different electropherograms patterns for T(7), T(15), and T(33) in the absence and presence of Hg(2+), indicating various interactions of the DNA strands with Hg(2+). Using this simple, high-resolution CE approach, we also demonstrated that adenosine triphosphate has a stronger interaction with the adenosine triphosphate aptamer than with either the platelet-derived growth factor aptamer or T(33). This CE approach holds great potential for screening aptamers for small solutes, studying the catalytic activity of DNAzymes, and evaluating the biological functions of microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Meng J, Zhang W, Cao CX, Fan LY, Wu J, Wang QL. Moving affinity boundary electrophoresis and its selective isolation of histidine in urine. Analyst 2010; 135:1592-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c000472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Peyrin E. Nucleic acid aptamer molecular recognition principles and application in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1531-6. [PMID: 19370736 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers isolated from the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) have the capacity to recognize various classes of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. In this context, the development of aptamer-based molecular recognition tools has become a very interesting and promising analytical strategy during the last few years. In this review, the molecular recognition features of aptamers as well as the key factors for their practical applicability to the chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic fields are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peyrin
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire UMR 5063 CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble FR 2607, Université Grenoble I (Joseph Fourier), Grenoble, France.
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Review: Micro- and nanosized molecularly imprinted polymers for high-throughput analytical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 641:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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