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Wu M, Wan Q, Dan X, Wang Y, Chen P, Chen C, Li Y, Yao X, He ML. Targeting Ser78 phosphorylation of Hsp27 achieves potent antiviral effects against enterovirus A71 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2368221. [PMID: 38932432 PMCID: PMC11212574 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2368221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A positive-sense (+) single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus (e.g. enterovirus A71, EV-A71) depends on viral polypeptide translation for initiation of virus replication after entry. We reported that EV-A71 hijacks Hsp27 to induce hnRNP A1 cytosol redistribution to initiate viral protein translation, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here, we show that phosphorylation-deficient Hsp27-3A (Hsp27S15/78/82A) and Hsp27S78A fail to translocate into the nucleus and induce hnRNP A1 cytosol redistribution, while Hsp27S15A and Hsp27S82A display similar effects to the wild type Hsp27. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the viral 2A protease (2Apro) activity is a key factor in regulating Hsp27/hnRNP A1 relocalization. Hsp27S78A dramatically decreases the IRES activity and viral replication, which are partially reduced by Hsp27S82A. However, Hsp27S15A displays the same activity as the wild-type Hsp27. Peptide S78 potently suppresses EV-A71 protein translation and reproduction through blockage of EV-A71-induced Hsp27 phosphorylation and Hsp27/hnRNP A1 relocalization. A point mutation (S78A) on S78 impairs its inhibitory functions on Hsp27/hnRNP A1 relocalization and viral replication. Taken together, we demonstrate the importance of Ser78 phosphorylation of Hsp27 regulated by virus infection in nuclear translocation, hnRNP A1 cytosol relocation, and viral replication, suggesting a new path (such as peptide S78) for target-based antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianya Wan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Dan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cien Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Sun Y, Shi D, Sun J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Luo B. Regulation mechanism of EBV-encoded EBER1 and LMP2A on YAP1 and the impact of YAP1 on the EBV infection status in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. Virus Res 2024; 343:199352. [PMID: 38462175 PMCID: PMC10982081 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in the development of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). Here we showed that EBV can upregulate the expression and activity of YAP1 protein through its encoded latent products EBV-encoded small RNA 1 (EBER1) and latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), enhancing the malignant characteristics of EBVaGC cells. In addition, we also showed that overexpression of YAP1 induced the expression of EBV encoding latent and lytic phase genes and proteins in the epithelial cell line AGS-EBV infected with EBV, and increased the copy number of the EBV genome, while loss of YAP1 expression reduced the aforementioned indicators. Moreover, we found that YAP1 enhanced EBV lytic reactivation induced by two known activators, 12-O-tetradecanoylhorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and sodium butyrate (NaB). These results indicated a bidirectional regulatory mechanism between EBV and YAP1 proteins, providing new experimental evidence for further understanding the regulation of EBV infection patterns and carcinogenic mechanisms in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Duo Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiting Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, ZiBo 255036, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Singh S, Parthasarathi KTS, Bhat MY, Gopal C, Sharma J, Pandey A. Profiling Kinase Activities for Precision Oncology in Diffuse Gastric Cancer. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:76-89. [PMID: 38271566 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. This is due to the fact that majority of the cases of GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the treatment options are limited and prognosis is poor. The diffuse subtype of gastric cancer (DGC) under Lauren's classification is more aggressive and usually occurs in younger patients than the intestinal subtype. The concept of personalized medicine is leading to the identification of multiple biomarkers in a large variety of cancers using different combinations of omics technologies. Proteomic changes including post-translational modifications are crucial in oncogenesis. We analyzed the phosphoproteome of DGC by using paired fresh frozen tumor and adjacent normal tissue from five patients diagnosed with DGC. We found proteins involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), c-MYC pathway, and semaphorin pathways to be differentially phosphorylated in DGC tissues. We identified three kinases, namely, bromodomain adjacent to the zinc finger domain 1B (BAZ1B), WNK lysine-deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1), and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) to be hyperphosphorylated, and one kinase, AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1), to be hypophosphorylated. LMNA hyperphosphorylation at serine 392 (S392) was demonstrated in DGC using immunohistochemistry. Importantly, we have detected heparin-binding growth factor (HDGF), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and FTH1 as potential therapeutic targets in DGC, as drugs targeting these proteins are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Although these new findings need to be replicated in larger study samples, they advance our understanding of signaling alterations in DGC, which could lead to potentially novel actionable targets in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrita Singh
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - K T Shreya Parthasarathi
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Younis Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwapeetham University, Kollam, India
| | - Champaka Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Tustumi F, Agareno GA, Galletti RP, da Silva RBR, Quintas JG, Sesconetto LDA, Szor DJ, Wolosker N. The Role of the Heat-Shock Proteins in Esophagogastric Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172664. [PMID: 36078072 PMCID: PMC9454628 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that have received considerable attention over the last several years. They have been classified into six prominent families: high-molecular-mass HSP, 90, 70, 60, 40, and small heat shock proteins. HSPs participate in protein folding, stability, and maturation of several proteins during stress, such as in heat, oxidative stress, fever, and inflammation. Due to the immunogenic host’s role in the combat against cancer cells and the role of the inflammation in the cancer control or progression, abnormal expression of these proteins has been associated with many types of cancer, including esophagogastric cancer. This study aims to review all the evidence concerning the role of HSPs in the pathogenesis and prognosis of esophagogastric cancer and their potential role in future treatment options. This narrative review gathers scientific evidence concerning HSPs in relation to esophagus and gastric cancer. All esophagogastric cancer subtypes are included. The role of HSPs in carcinogenesis, prognostication, and therapy for esophagogastric cancer are discussed. The main topics covered are premalignant conditions for gastric cancer atrophic gastritis, Barrett esophagus, and some viral infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). HSPs represent new perspectives on the development, prognostication, and treatment of esophagogastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tustumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriel Andrade Agareno
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Purchio Galletti
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Benjamim Rosa da Silva
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Grams Quintas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Abreu Sesconetto
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel José Szor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Wolosker
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050367. [PMID: 32403318 PMCID: PMC7281546 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV), is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). PED causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, which has led to substantial economic losses in many countries and is a great threat to the global swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) are major cytokines involved in host innate immune defense, which induce the expression of a broad range of antiviral effectors that help host to control and antagonize viral infections. PEDV infection does not elicit a robust IFN response, and some of the mechanisms used by the virus to counteract the host innate immune response have been unraveled. PEDV evades the host innate immune response by two main strategies including: (1) encoding IFN antagonists to disrupt innate immune pathway, and (2) hiding its viral RNA to avoid the exposure of viral RNA to immune sensors. This review highlights the immune evasion mechanisms employed by PEDV, which provides insights for the better understanding of PEDV-host interactions and developing effective vaccines and antivirals against CoVs.
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Kim MY, Kruger AJ, Jeong JY, Kim J, Shin PK, Kim SY, Cho JY, Hahm KB, Hong SP. Combination Therapy with a PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor and Chloroquine Enhances Synergistic Apoptotic Cell Death in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Gastric Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2019; 42:448-459. [PMID: 31085812 PMCID: PMC6602147 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is a promising target for gastric cancer (GC) treatment; however the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors in GC has not yet been maximized. Additionally, the effect of autophagy regulation by PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors has not been clearly elucidated in GC treatment. We aimed to show that our newly developed PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, when combined with an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), potently induces effective cancer cell death in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) cells, where both the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and autophagy pathways play important roles in disease pathogenesis. EBV- and mock-infected AGS and NUGC3 GC cell lines were treated with CMG002 +/− CQ. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway mediators, cellular apoptosis and autophagy markers were confirmed by Western blot assay. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. CMG002 effectively blocked the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by markedly decreasing phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream mediator S6. CMG002 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and enhanced apoptotic cell death in AGS and NUGC3 cells, particularly EBV-infected cells compared with mock-infected cells, as confirmed by flow cytometric analyses and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assays. The combination of CMG002 plus CQ synergistically increased apoptotic cell death in EBV-infected GC cell lines when compared with CMG002 alone (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the new PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, when used in combination with the autophagy inhibitor, CQ, provides enhanced therapeutic efficacy against EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
| | - Annie J. Kruger
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007,
USA
| | - Ju-Yeon Jeong
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Phil kyung Shin
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Hong
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
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7
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Zhou YJ, Zhu JP, Zhou T, Cheng Q, Yu LX, Wang YX, Yang S, Jiang YF, Tong W, Gao F, Yu H, Li GX, Tong GZ. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in porcine alveolar macrophages infected with virulent/attenuated strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85767. [PMID: 24465692 PMCID: PMC3897507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is still a serious threat to the swine industry. However, the pathogenic mechanism of HP-PRRSV remains unclear. We infected host porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) with the virulent HuN4 strain and the attenuated HuN4-F112 strain and then utilized fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to screen for intracellular proteins that were differentially expressed in host cells infected with the two strains. There were 153 proteins with significant different expression (P<0.01) observed, 42 of which were subjected to mass spectrometry, and 24 proteins were identified. PAM cells infected with the virulent strain showed upregulated expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), and proteasome subunit alpha type 6 (PSMA6), which were downregulated in cells infected with the attenuated strain. The upregulation of PKM2 provides sufficient energy for viral replication, and the upregulation of HSPB1 inhibits host cell apoptosis and therefore facilitates mass replication of the virulent strain, while the upregulation of PSMA6 facilitates the evasion of immune surveillance by the virus. Studying on those molecules mentioned above may be able to help us to understand some unrevealed details of HP-PRRSV infection, and then help us to decrease its threat to the swine industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhou
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Qun Cheng
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Xue Yu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Feng Jiang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Xin Li
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Tong
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Chen J. Roles of the PI3K/Akt pathway in Epstein-Barr virus-induced cancers and therapeutic implications. World J Virol 2012; 1:154-61. [PMID: 24175221 PMCID: PMC3782276 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i6.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have been shown to be responsible for 10%-15% of cancer cases. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first virus to be associated with human malignancies. EBV can cause many cancers, including Burkett's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer. Evidence shows that phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) plays a key role in EBV-induced malignancies. The main EBV oncoproteins latent membrane proteins (LMP) 1 and LMP2A can activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, which, in turn, affects cell survival, apoptosis, proliferation and genomic instability via its downstream target proteins to cause cancer. It has also been demonstrated that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway can result in drug resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, the inhibition of this pathway can increase the therapeutic efficacy of EBV-associated cancers. For example, PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 has been shown to increase the effect of 5-fluorouracil in an EBV-associated gastric cancer cell line. At present, dual inhibitors of PI3K and its downstream target mammalian target of rapamycin have been used in clinical trials and may be included in treatment regimens for EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- Jiezhong Chen, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia
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9
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Zheng J, Tan BH, Sugrue R, Tang K. Current approaches on viral infection: proteomics and functional validations. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:393. [PMID: 23162545 PMCID: PMC3499792 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses could manipulate cellular machinery to ensure their continuous survival and thus become parasites of living organisms. Delineation of sophisticated host responses upon virus infection is a challenging task. It lies in identifying the repertoire of host factors actively involved in the viral infectious cycle and characterizing host responses qualitatively and quantitatively during viral pathogenesis. Mass spectrometry based proteomics could be used to efficiently study pathogen-host interactions and virus-hijacked cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, direct host and viral responses upon infection could be further investigated by activity-based functional validation studies. These approaches involve drug inhibition of secretory pathway, immunofluorescence staining, dominant negative mutant of protein target, real-time PCR, small interfering siRNA-mediated knockdown, and molecular cloning studies. In this way, functional validation could gain novel insights into the high-content proteomic dataset in an unbiased and comprehensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Division of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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10
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Ciocca DR, Arrigo AP, Calderwood SK. Heat shock proteins and heat shock factor 1 in carcinogenesis and tumor development: an update. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:19-48. [PMID: 22885793 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a subset of the molecular chaperones, best known for their rapid and abundant induction by stress. HSP genes are activated at the transcriptional level by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). During the progression of many types of cancer, this heat shock transcriptional regulon becomes co-opted by mechanisms that are currently unclear, although evidently triggered in the emerging tumor cell. Concerted activation of HSF1 and the accumulation of HSPs then participate in many of the traits that permit the malignant phenotype. Thus, cancers of many histologies exhibit activated HSF1 and increased HSP levels that may help to deter tumor suppression and evade therapy in the clinic. We review here the extensive work that has been carried out and is still in progress aimed at (1) understanding the oncogenic mechanisms by which HSP genes are switched on, (2) determining the roles of HSF1/HSP in malignant transformation and (3) discovering approaches to therapy based on disrupting the influence of the HSF1-controlled transcriptome in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ciocca
- Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), Scientific and Technological Center (CCT), CONICET, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Andre Patrick Arrigo
- Apoptosis Cancer and Development, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon-1, Cheney A Building, Centre Regional Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laennec 69008 LYON, France. ;
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
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Boivin B, Khairallah M, Cartier R, Allen BG. Characterization of hsp27 kinases activated by elevated aortic pressure in heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:31-42. [PMID: 22878564 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hemodynamic overload results in left ventricular hypertrophy, fibroblast proliferation, and interstitial fibrosis. The small heat shock protein hsp27 has been shown to be cardioprotective and this requires a phosphorylatable form of this protein. To further understand the regulation of hsp27 in heart in response to stress, we investigated the ability of elevated aortic pressure to activate hsp27-kinase activities. Isolated hearts were subjected to retrograde perfusion and then snap frozen. Hsp27-kinase activity was measured in vitro as hsp27 phosphorylation. Immune complex assays revealed that MK2 activity was low in non-perfused hearts and increased following crystalline perfusion at 60 or 120 mmHg. Hsp27-kinase activities were further studied following ion-exchange chromatography. Anion exchange chromatography on Mono Q revealed 2 peaks (b and c) of hsp27-kinase activity. A third peak a was detected upon chromatography of the Mono Q flow-through fractions on the cation exchange resin, Mono S. The hsp27-kinase activity underlying peaks a and c increased as perfusion pressure was increased from 40 to 120 mmHg. In contrast, peak b increased over pressures 60-100 mmHg but was decreased at 120 mmHg. Peaks a, b, and c contained MK2 immunoreactivity, whereas MK3 and MK5 immunoreactivity was detected in peak a. p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK were also detected in peaks b and c but absent from peak a. Hsp27-kinase activity in peaks b and c (120 mmHg) eluted from a Superose 12 gel filtration column with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa. Hence, peaks b and c were not a result of MK2 forming complexes. In-gel hsp27-kinase assays revealed a single 49-kDa renaturable hsp27-kinase activity in peaks b and c at 60 mmHg, whereas several hsp27-kinases (p43, p49, p54, p66) were detected in peaks b and c from hearts perfused at 120 mmHg. Thus, multiple hsp27-kinases were activated in response to elevated aortic pressure in isolated, perfused rat hearts and hence may be implicated in regulating the cardioprotective effects of hsp27 and thus may represent targets for cardioprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Boivin
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St., Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
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Li L, Sevinsky JR, Rowland MD, Bundy JL, Stephenson JL, Sherry B. Proteomic analysis reveals virus-specific Hsp25 modulation in cardiac myocytes. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2460-71. [PMID: 20196617 DOI: 10.1021/pr901151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viruses frequently infect the heart but clinical myocarditis is rare, suggesting that the cardiac antiviral response is uniquely effective. Indeed, the Type I interferon (IFN) response is cardiac cell-type specific and provides one integrated network of protection for the heart. Here, a proteomic approach was used to identify additional proteins that may be involved in the cardiac antiviral response. Reovirus-induced murine myocarditis reflects direct viral damage to cardiac cells and offers an excellent system for study. Primary cultures of murine cardiac myocytes were infected with myocarditic or nonmyocarditic reovirus strains, and whole cell lysates were compared by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) tandem mass spectrometry. Results were quantitative and reproducible and demonstrated that whole proteome changes clustered according to viral pathogenic phenotype. Moreover, the data suggest that the heat shock protein Hsp25 is modulated differentially by myocarditic and nonmyocarditic reoviruses and may play a role in the cardiac antiviral response. Members of seven virus families modulate Hsp25 or Hsp27 expression in a variety of cell types, suggesting that Hsp25 participation in the antiviral response may be widespread. However, results here provide the first evidence for a virus-induced decrease in Hsp25/27 and suggest that viruses may have evolved a mechanism to subvert this protective response, as they have for IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
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Xiao S, Wang Q, Jia J, Cong P, Mo D, Yu X, Qin L, Li A, Niu Y, Zhu K, Wang X, Liu X, Chen Y. Proteome changes of lungs artificially infected with H-PRRSV and N-PRRSV by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. Virol J 2010; 7:107. [PMID: 20504321 PMCID: PMC2887434 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome with PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection, which causes significant economic losses annually, is one of the most economically important diseases affecting swine industry worldwide. In 2006 and 2007, a large-scale outbreak of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) happened in China and Vietnam. However little data is available on global host response to PRRSV infection at the protein level, and similar approaches looking at mRNA is problematic since mRNA levels do not necessarily predict protein levels. In order to improve the knowledge of host response and viral pathogenesis of highly virulent Chinese-type PRRSV (H-PRRSV) and Non-high-pathogenic North American-type PRRSV strains (N-PRRSV), we analyzed the protein expression changes of H-PRRSV and N-PRRSV infected lungs compared with those of uninfected negative control, and identified a series of proteins related to host response and viral pathogenesis. Results According to differential proteomes of porcine lungs infected with H-PRRSV, N-PRRSV and uninfected negative control at different time points using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry identification, 45 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. These proteins were mostly related to cytoskeleton, stress response and oxidation reduction or metabolism. In the protein interaction network constructed based on DEPs from lungs infected with H-PRRSV, HSPA8, ARHGAP29 and NDUFS1 belonged to the most central proteins, whereas DDAH2, HSPB1 and FLNA corresponded to the most central proteins in those of N-PRRSV infected. Conclusions Our study is the first attempt to provide the complex picture of pulmonary protein expression during H-PRRSV and N-PRRSV infection under the in vivo environment using 2D-DIGE technology and bioinformatics tools, provides large scale valuable information for better understanding host proteins-virus interactions of these two PRRSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kostenko S, Moens U. Heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation: kinases, phosphatases, functions and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3289-307. [PMID: 19593530 PMCID: PMC11115724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein Hsp27 or its murine homologue Hsp25 acts as an ATP-independent chaperone in protein folding, but is also implicated in architecture of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, metabolism, cell survival, growth/differentiation, mRNA stabilization, and tumor progression. A variety of stimuli induce phosphorylation of serine residues 15, 78, and 82 in Hsp27 and serines 15 and 86 in Hsp25. This post-translational modification affects some of the cellular functions of Hsp25/27. As a consequence of the functional importance of Hsp25/27 phosphorylation, aberrant Hsp27 phosphorylation has been linked to several clinical conditions. This review focuses on the different Hsp25/27 kinases and phosphatases that regulate the phosphorylation pattern of Hsp25/27, and discusses the recent findings of the biological implications of these phosphorylation events in physiological and pathological processes. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring anomalous Hsp27 phosphorylation in human diseases will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Oussaief L, Hippocrate A, Ramirez V, Rampanou A, Zhang W, Meyers D, Cole P, Khelifa R, Joab I. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway targets acetylation of Smad3 through Smad3/CREB-binding protein interaction: contribution to transforming growth factor beta1-induced Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23912-24. [PMID: 19589780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.036483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus, a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, is associated with the development of carcinomas and lymphomas. We previously showed that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) mediated the virus to enter the lytic cycle, which is triggered by expression of Z Epstein-Barr virus replication activator (ZEBRA), through the ERK 1/2 MAPK signaling pathway. We report here that Akt, activated downstream from ERK 1/2, was required for TGF-beta1-induced ZEBRA expression and enabled Smad3, a mediator of TGF-beta1 signaling, to be acetylated by direct interaction with the co-activator CREB-binding protein and then to regulate TGF-beta1-induced ZEBRA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassad Oussaief
- UMR542 INSERM-Université Paris 11, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
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