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Guruceaga X, Perez-Cuesta U, Martin-Vicente A, Pelegri-Martinez E, Thorn HI, Cendon-Sanchez S, Xie J, Nywening AV, Ramirez-Garcia A, Fortwendel JR, Rementeria A. The Aspergillus fumigatus maiA gene contributes to cell wall homeostasis and fungal virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1327299. [PMID: 38343890 PMCID: PMC10853476 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1327299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, two distinct in vitro infection models of Aspergillus fumigatus, using murine macrophages (RAW264.7) and human lung epithelial cells (A549), were employed to identify the genes important for fungal adaptation during infection. Transcriptomic analyses of co-incubated A. fumigatus uncovered 140 fungal genes up-regulated in common between both models that, when compared with a previously published in vivo transcriptomic study, allowed the identification of 13 genes consistently up-regulated in all three infection conditions. Among them, the maiA gene, responsible for a critical step in the L-phenylalanine degradation pathway, was identified. Disruption of maiA resulted in a mutant strain unable to complete the Phe degradation pathway, leading to an excessive production of pyomelanin when this amino acid served as the sole carbon source. Moreover, the disruption mutant exhibited noticeable cell wall abnormalities, with reduced levels of β-glucans within the cell wall but did not show lack of chitin or mannans. The maiA-1 mutant strain induced reduced inflammation in primary macrophages and displayed significantly lower virulence in a neutropenic mouse model of infection. This is the first study linking the A. fumigatus maiA gene to fungal cell wall homeostasis and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Guruceaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Uxue Perez-Cuesta
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Adela Martin-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Eduardo Pelegri-Martinez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Harrison I. Thorn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Healths Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Saioa Cendon-Sanchez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jinhong Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Healths Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ashley V. Nywening
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jarrod R. Fortwendel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Aitor Rementeria
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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2
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Souza JAM, Gurgel ILDS, Malacco NLSDO, Martins FRB, Queiroz-Junior CM, Teixeira MM, Soriani FM. Pre-Exposure With Extracellular Vesicles From Aspergillus fumigatus Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Enhances Fungal Clearance in a Murine Model Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:898619. [PMID: 35719346 PMCID: PMC9198263 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.898619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous and saprophytic filamentous fungus and the main etiologic agent of aspergillosis. Infections caused by A. fumigatus culminate in a strong inflammatory response that can evolve into respiratory failure and may be lethal in immunocompromised individuals. In the last decades, it has been demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) elicit a notable biological response in immune cells. EVs carry a variety of biomolecules, therefore are considered potential antigen delivery vehicles. The role of EVs as a strategy for modulating an effective response against infections caused by A. fumigatus remains unexplored. Here we investigate the use of EVs derived from A. fumigatus as an immunization tool to induce a more robust immune response to A. fumigatus pulmonary infection. In order to investigate that, male C57BL/6 mice were immunized with two doses of EVs and infected with A. fumigatus. Pre-exposure of mice to EVs was able to induce the production of specific IgG serum for fungal antigens. Besides that, the immunization with EVs reduced the neutrophilic infiltrate into the alveoli, as well as the extravasation of total proteins and the production of proinflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-1. In addition, immunization prevented extensive lung tissue damage and also improved phagocytosis and fungus clearance. Noteworthy, immunization with EVs, associated with subclinical doses of Amphotericin B (AmB) treatment, rescued 50% of mice infected with A. fumigatus from lethal fungal pneumonia. Therefore, the present study shows a new role for A. fumigatus EVs as host inflammatory response modulators, suggesting their use as immunizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Amanda Marques Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Frederico Marianetti Soriani, ; Jéssica Amanda Marques Souza,
| | - Isabella Luísa da Silva Gurgel
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nathália Luísa Sousa de Oliveira Malacco
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- The Lopes Lab, Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Flávia Rayssa Braga Martins
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico Marianetti Soriani
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Frederico Marianetti Soriani, ; Jéssica Amanda Marques Souza,
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3
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Jia LJ, Krüger T, Blango MG, von Eggeling F, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA. Biotinylated Surfome Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapy of Aspergillus fumigatus Infection. mSphere 2020; 5:e00535-20. [PMID: 32817453 PMCID: PMC7426169 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00535-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common airborne molds capable of causing mycoses and allergies in humans. During infection, fungal surface proteins mediate the first contact with the human immune system to evade immune responses or to induce hypersensitivity. Several methods have been established for surface proteomics (surfomics). Biotinylation coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identification of peptides is a particularly efficient method to identify the surface-exposed regions of proteins that potentially mediate interaction with the host. After biotinylation of surface proteins during spore germination, we detected 231 different biotinylated surface proteins (including several well-known proteins such as RodA, CcpA, and DppV; allergens; and heat shock proteins [HSPs]), as well as some previously undescribed surface proteins. The dynamic change of the surface proteome was illustrated by detection of a relatively high number of proteins exclusively at one developmental stage. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we confirmed the surface localization of several HSPs of the HSP70 family, which may have moonlighting functions. Collectively, by comparing our data with data representative of previously published A. fumigatus surface proteomes, our study generated a comprehensive data set corresponding to the A. fumigatus surfome and uncovered the surface-exposed regions of many proteins on the surface of conidia or hyphae. These surface-exposed regions are candidates for direct interaction with host cells and may represent antigenic epitopes that either induce protective immune responses or mediate immune evasion. Thus, our data sets provided and compiled here represent reasonable immunotherapy and diagnostic targets for future investigations.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne human-pathogenic mold, capable of causing both life-threatening invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients and allergy-inducing infections in individuals with atopic allergy. Despite its obvious medical relevance, timely diagnosis and efficient antifungal treatment of A. fumigatus infection remain major challenges. Proteins on the surface of conidia (asexually produced spores) and mycelium directly mediate host-pathogen interaction and also may serve as targets for diagnosis and immunotherapy. However, the similarity of protein sequences between A. fumigatus and other organisms, sometimes even including the human host, makes selection of targets for immunological-based studies difficult. Here, using surface protein biotinylation coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified hundreds of A. fumigatus surface proteins with exposed regions, further defining putative targets for possible diagnostic and immunotherapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Jie Jia
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew G Blango
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Jena, Germany
- Jena University Hospital, Core Unit Proteome Analysis, Jena, Germany
- Jena University Hospital, DFG Core Unit Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory (JBIL), Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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4
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Vermeulen E, Carpentier S, Kniemeyer O, Sillen M, Maertens J, Lagrou K. Proteomic Differences between Azole-Susceptible and -Resistant <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2018.81007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Reuss B, Asif AR, Almamy A, Schwerk C, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Drummer C, Behr R. Antisera against Neisseria gonorrhoeae cross-react with specific brain proteins of the common marmoset monkey and other nonhuman primate species. Brain Res 2016; 1653:23-38. [PMID: 27765579 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) correlate with an increased lifetime probability for the offspring to develop psychosis. We could previously demonstrate that in human choroid plexus papilloma cells, anti-NG antibodies (α-NG) bind to mitochondrial proteins HSP60 and ATPB, and interfere with cellular energy metabolism. To assess the in vivo relevance for this, especially during prenatal neural development, we investigated here interactions of NG-specific antisera (α-NG1, α-NG2) with brain, choroid plexus and other non-neural tissues in pre- and perinatal samples of the nonhuman primate (NHP) Callithrix jacchus (CJ), a NHP model for preclinical research. In histological sections at embryonic day E75, immunohistochemistry revealed α-NG1 and -2-staining in choroid plexus, ganglionic hill, optic cup, heart, and liver. Within the cells, organelle-like structures were labeled, which could be identified by immunohistochemical double-labeling as mitochondria. Both one- and two-dimensional Western blot analysis revealed tissue specific patterns of α-NG1 immunoreactive bands and spots, respectively, which were subsequently characterized by mass spectrometry. Thereby we could confirm the interactions of α-NG1 with human HSP60 and ATPB also in CJ choroid plexus and liver. Even more important, in the CJ brain, several new targets, including NCAM1, CRMP2, and SYT1, were identified, which by unrelated studies have been previously suggested to correlate with an increased schizophrenia risk. These findings support the idea that the marmoset monkey is a useful NHP model to investigate the role of maternal bacterial infections during prenatal brain development, and thereby might improve the understanding of this important aspect of schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Reuss
- Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Abdul R Asif
- Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Labs, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Schwerk
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Germany
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Kniemeyer O, Ebel F, Krüger T, Bacher P, Scheffold A, Luo T, Strassburger M, Brakhage AA. Immunoproteomics of Aspergillus for the development of biomarkers and immunotherapies. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:910-921. [PMID: 27312145 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi of the genus Aspergillus play significant roles as pathogens causing superficial and invasive infections as well as allergic reactions in humans. Particularly invasive mycoses caused by Aspergillus species are characterized by high mortality rates due to difficult diagnosis and insufficient antifungal therapy. The application of immunoproteomic approaches has a great potential to identify new targets for the diagnosis, therapy, and vaccine development of diseases caused by Aspergillus species. Serological proteome analyses (SERPA) that combine 2D electrophoresis with Western blotting are still one of the most popular techniques for the identification of antigenic proteins. However, recently a growing number of approaches have been developed to identify proteins, which either provoke an antibody response or which represent targets of T-cell immunity in patients with allergy or fungal infections. Here, we review advances in the studies of immune responses against pathogenic Aspergilli as well as the current status of diagnosis and immunotherapy of Aspergillus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Ebel
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Strassburger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Transfer Group Anti-Infectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany. .,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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7
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Moloney NM, Owens RA, Doyle S. Proteomic analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus – clinical implications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:635-49. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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8
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Teutschbein J, Simon S, Lother J, Springer J, Hortschansky P, Morton CO, Löffler J, Einsele H, Conneally E, Rogers TR, Guthke R, Brakhage AA, Kniemeyer O. Proteomic Profiling of Serological Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus Antigens in Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1580-91. [PMID: 26974881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the species that most commonly causes the opportunistic infection invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients being treated for hematological malignancies. Little is known about the A. fumigatus proteins that trigger the production of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibodies during the course of IA. To characterize the serological response to A. fumigatus protein antigens, mycelial proteins were separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis. The gels were immunoblotted with sera from patients with probable and proven IA and control patients without IA. We identified 49 different fungal proteins, which gave a positive IgG antibody signal. Most of these antigens play a role in primary metabolism and stress responses. Overall, our analysis identified 18 novel protein antigens from A. fumigatus. To determine whether these antigens can be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers or exhibit a protective activity, we employed supervised machine learning with decision trees. We identified two candidates for further analysis, the protein antigens CpcB and Shm2. Heterologously produced Shm2 induced a strongly proinflammatory response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after in vitro stimulation. In contrast, CpcB did not activate the immune response of PBMCs. These findings could serve as the basis for the development of an immunotherapy of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Teutschbein
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Svenja Simon
- Research Group Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lother
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg , 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Springer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg , 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hortschansky
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Oliver Morton
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jürgen Löffler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg , 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg , 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas R Rogers
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Haematology, St. James's Hospital , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Research Group Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University , 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University , 07743 Jena, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena (CSCC), University Hospital , 07747 Jena, Germany
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9
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Pellon A, Ramirez-Garcia A, Buldain I, Antoran A, Rementeria A, Hernando FL. Immunoproteomics-Based Analysis of the Immunocompetent Serological Response to Lomentospora prolificans. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:595-607. [PMID: 26732945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Lomentospora prolificans is an emerging pathogen causing severe infections mainly among the immunocompromised population. These diseases course with high mortality rates due to great virulence of the fungus, its inherent resistance to available antifungals, and absence of specific diagnostic tools. Despite being widespread in humanized environments, L. prolificans rarely causes infections in immunocompetent individuals likely due to their developed protective immune response. In this study, conidial and hyphal immunomes against healthy human serum IgG were analyzed, identifying immunodominant antigens and establishing their prevalence among the immunocompetent population. Thirteen protein spots from each morph were detected as reactive against at least 70% of serum samples, and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Hence, the most seroprevalent antigens were WD40 repeat 2 protein, malate dehydrogenase, and DHN1, in conidia, and heat shock protein (Hsp) 70, Hsp90, ATP synthase β subunit, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, in hyphae. More interestingly, the presence of some of these seroprevalent antigens was determined on the cell surface, as Hsp70, enolase, or Hsp90. Thus, we have identified a diverse set of antigenic proteins, both in the entire proteome and cell surface subproteome, which may be used as targets to develop innovative therapeutic or diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aize Pellon
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group. Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Science and Technology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group. Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Science and Technology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Idoia Buldain
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group. Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Science and Technology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Aitziber Antoran
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group. Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Science and Technology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Aitor Rementeria
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group. Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Science and Technology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Fernando L Hernando
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group. Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Science and Technology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940, Spain
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10
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Reuss B, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Asif AR. Cross-reactivity of Antibodies Directed to the Gram-Negative Bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae With Heat Shock Protein 60 and ATP-Binding Protein Correlates to Reduced Mitochondrial Activity in HIBCPP Choroid Plexus Papilloma Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:123-38. [PMID: 26080747 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial antibodies can cause neurologic side-effects by cross-reactivity with cellular antigens. Here we investigated interactions of antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (α-NG) - maternal infections by which increases the offspring's risk for later psychosis-with HIBCPP cells, a cell culture model of choroid plexus epithelium. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting with α-NG, revealed organelle-like intracellular staining in HIBCPP cells, and labelling of several immunoreactive bands in cellular protein. Two-dimensional Western blotting revealed several immunopositive spots, most prominent of which were identified by mass spectrometry as mitochondrially localized proteins heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) and ATP-binding protein β-subunit (ATPB). Similarly α-NG interacted with commercial samples of these proteins as revealed by Western blotting. Three alternative methods (JC-1, Janus green and MTT staining) revealed α-NG to cause in HIBCPP cells a significant decrease in mitochondrial activity, which could be reverted by neuroleptic drugs. Immunoreactivity of α-NG with choroid plexus epithelium in human post mortem samples suggests in vivo relevance of these findings. Finally, distinctly different staining patterns of antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis (α-NM), confirmed antibody specificity. To our knowledge this is the first report that α-NG cross-reactivity with Hsp60 and ATPB impairs mitochondrial activity in choroid plexus epithelial cells, pathogenetic relevance of which needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Reuss
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Kreuzbergring 36, 37075, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany,
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Heinekamp T, Schmidt H, Lapp K, Pähtz V, Shopova I, Köster-Eiserfunke N, Krüger T, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA. Interference of Aspergillus fumigatus with the immune response. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 37:141-52. [PMID: 25404120 PMCID: PMC4326658 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprotrophic filamentous fungus and also the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen of humans. Depending on the host’s immune status, the variety of diseases caused by A. fumigatus ranges from allergies in immunocompetent hosts to life-threatening invasive infections in patients with impaired immunity. In contrast to the majority of other Aspergillus species, which are in most cases nonpathogenic, A. fumigatus features an armory of virulence determinants to establish an infection. For example, A. fumigatus is able to evade the human complement system by binding or degrading complement regulators. Furthermore, the fungus interferes with lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and neutrophil granulocytes to prevent killing by these immune cells. This chapter summarizes the different strategies of A. fumigatus to manipulate the immune response. We also discuss the potential impact of recent advances in immunoproteomics to improve diagnosis and therapy of an A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Heinekamp
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany,
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12
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Bacher P, Kniemeyer O, Teutschbein J, Thön M, Vödisch M, Wartenberg D, Scharf DH, Koester-Eiserfunke N, Schütte M, Dübel S, Assenmacher M, Brakhage AA, Scheffold A. Identification of Immunogenic Antigens fromAspergillus fumigatusby Direct Multiparameter Characterization of Specific Conventional and Regulatory CD4+T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3332-43. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Virginio ED, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Batista MV, Schirmer MR, Abdelhay E, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Lopes-Bezerra LM. Immunoproteome of Aspergillus fumigatus using sera of patients with invasive aspergillosis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14505-30. [PMID: 25141105 PMCID: PMC4159865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening lung or systemic infection caused by the opportunistic mold Aspergillus fumigatus. The disease affects mainly immunocompromised hosts, and patients with hematological malignances or who have been submitted to stem cell transplantation are at high risk. Despite the current use of Platelia™ Aspergillus as a diagnostic test, the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis remains a major challenge in improving the prognosis of the disease. In this study, we used an immunoproteomic approach to identify proteins that could be putative candidates for the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Antigenic proteins expressed in the first steps of A. fumigatus germination occurring in a human host were revealed using 2-D Western immunoblots with the serum of patients who had previously been classified as probable and proven for invasive aspergillosis. Forty antigenic proteins were identified using mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A BLAST analysis revealed that two of these proteins showed low homology with proteins of either the human host or etiological agents of other invasive fungal infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing specific antigenic proteins of A. fumigatus germlings that are recognized by sera of patients with confirmed invasive aspergillosis who were from two separate hospital units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emylli D Virginio
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Biology Institute, University of Rio de Janeiro State (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - Paula H Kubitschek-Barreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Biology Institute, University of Rio de Janeiro State (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - Marjorie Vieira Batista
- Laboratory of Immunology (LIM 48), Clinics Hospital and Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo R Schirmer
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Maria A Shikanai-Yasuda
- Laboratory of Immunology (LIM 48), Clinics Hospital and Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Biology Institute, University of Rio de Janeiro State (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil.
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14
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Antibodies directed to the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae cross-react with the 60 kDa heat shock protein and lead to impaired neurite outgrowth in NTera2/D1 cells. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:125-36. [PMID: 24577885 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Children of mothers with prenatal gonococcal infections are of increased risk to develop schizophrenic psychosis in later life. The present study hypothesizes an autoimmune mechanism for this, investigating interactions of a commercial rabbit antiserum directed to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (α-NG) with human NTera2/D1 cells, an established in vitro model for human neuronal differentiation. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated α-NG to label antigens on an intracellular organelle, which by Western blot analysis showed a molecular weight shortly below 72 kDa. An antiserum directed to Neisseria meningitidis (α-NM) reacts with an antigen shortly below 95 kDa, confirming antibody specificity of these interactions. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and partial Western transfer, allowed to localize an α-NG reactive protein spot which was identified by LC-Q-TOF MS/MS analysis as mitochondrial heat shock protein Hsp60. This was confirmed by Western blot analysis of α-NG immunoreactivity with a commercial Hsp60 protein sample, with which α-NM failed to interact. Finally, analysis of neurite outgrowth in retinoic acid-stimulated differentiating NTera2-D1 cells, demonstrates that α-NG but not α-NM treatment reduces neurite length. These results demonstrate that α-NG can interact with Hsp60 in vitro, whereas pathogenetic relevance of this interaction for psychotic symptomatology remains to be clarified.
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15
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Pellon A, Ramirez-Garcia A, Antoran A, Fernandez-Molina JV, Abad-Diaz-de-Cerio A, Montañez D, Sevilla MJ, Rementeria A, Hernando FL. Scedosporium prolificans immunomes against human salivary immunoglobulin A. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Zahid S, Oellerich M, Asif AR, Ahmed N. Differential expression of proteins in brain regions of Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:208-15. [PMID: 24306222 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia and cognitive impairment is usually characterized by neuritic amyloid plaques, cerebrovascular amyloidosis and neurofibrillary tangles. In order to find out the pathological protein expression, a quantitative proteome analysis of AD hippocampus, substantia nigra and cortex was performed and the extent of protein expression variation not only in contrast to age-matched controls but also among the understudied regions was analyzed. Expression alterations of 48 proteins were observed in each region along with significant co/contra regulation of malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase B chain, aconitate hydratase, protein NipSnap homolog 2, actin cytoplasmic 1, creatine kinase U-type and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. These differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton integration, apoptosis and several other potent cellular/molecular processes. Interaction association network analysis further confirms the close interacting relationship between the co/contra regulated differentially expressed proteins among all the three regions. Elucidation of co/contra regulation of differentially expressed proteins will be helpful to understand disease progression and functional alterations associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Zahid
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Zahid S, Khan R, Oellerich M, Ahmed N, Asif AR. Differential S-nitrosylation of proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2013; 256:126-36. [PMID: 24157928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have provided evidence regarding the involvement of protein S-nitrosylation in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and its implication in the formation and accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. The identification of S-nitrosylated proteins can be a major step toward the understanding of mechanisms leading to neuronal degeneration. The present study targeted S-nitrosylated proteins in AD hippocampus, substantia nigra and cortex using the following work-flow that combines S-nitrosothiol-specific antibody detection, classical biotin switch method labeled with fluorescence dye followed by electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight tandem MS (ESI-QTOF MS/MS) identification. Endogenous nitrosocysteines were identified in 45 proteins, mainly involved in metabolism, signaling pathways, apoptosis and redox regulation as assigned by REACTOME and KEGG pathway database analysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD2) [Mn], fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (ALDOC) and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) showed differential S-nitrosylation signal, not previously reported in AD regions. Extensive neuronal atrophy with increased protein S-nitrosylation in AD regions is also evident from immunofluorescence studies using S-nitrosocysteine antibody. A number of plausible cysteine modification sites were predicted via Group-based Prediction System-S-nitrosothiols (GPS-SNO) 1.0 while STRING 8.3 analysis revealed functional annotations in the modified proteins. The findings are helpful in characterization of functional abnormalities and may facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms and biological function of S-nitrosylation in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zahid
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - R Khan
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Oellerich
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - N Ahmed
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - A R Asif
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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Khan R, Zahid S, Wan YJY, Forster J, Karim ABA, Nawabi AM, Azhar A, Rahman MA, Ahmed N. Protein expression profiling of nuclear membrane protein reveals potential biomarker of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Proteomics 2013; 10:6. [PMID: 23724895 PMCID: PMC3691657 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complex molecular events lead to development and progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC. Differentially expressed nuclear membrane associated proteins are responsible for the functional and structural alteration during the progression from cirrhosis to carcinoma. Although alterations/ post translational modifications in protein expression have been extensively quantified, complementary analysis of nuclear membrane proteome changes have been limited. Deciphering the molecular mechanism that differentiate between normal and disease state may lead to identification of biomarkers for carcinoma. Results Many proteins displayed differential expression when nuclear membrane proteome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), fibrotic liver, and HepG2 cell line were assessed using 2-DE and ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS. From the down regulated set in HCC, we have identified for the first time a 15 KDa cytochrome b5A (CYB5A), ATP synthase subunit delta (ATPD) and Hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB) with 11, 5 and 22 peptide matches respectively. Furthermore, nitrosylation studies with S-nitrosocysteine followed by immunoblotting with anti SNO-cysteine demonstrated a novel and biologically relevant post translational modification of thiols of CYB5A in HCC specimens only. Immunofluorescence images demonstrated increased protein S-nitrosylation signals in the tumor cells and fibrotic region of HCC tissues. The two other nuclear membrane proteins which were only found to be nitrosylated in case of HCC were up regulated ATP synthase subunit beta (ATPB) and down regulated HBB. The decrease in expression of CYB5A in HCC suggests their possible role in disease progression. Further insight of the functional association of the identified proteins was obtained through KEGG/ REACTOME pathway analysis databases. String 8.3 interaction network shows strong interactions with proteins at high confidence score, which is helpful in characterization of functional abnormalities that may be a causative factor of liver pathology. Conclusion These findings may have broader implications for understanding the mechanism of development of carcinoma. However, large scale studies will be required for further verification of their critical role in development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizma Khan
- Neurochemistry Research Unit Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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19
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Gawinecka J, Cardone F, Asif AR, De Pascalis A, Wemheuer WM, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Pocchiari M, Zerr I. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease subtype-specific alterations of the brain proteome: impact on Rab3a recycling. Proteomics 2012; 12:3610-20. [PMID: 23070823 PMCID: PMC3565451 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is characterized by wide clinical and pathological variability, which is mainly influenced by the conformation of the misfolded prion protein, and by the methionine and valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene. This heterogeneity likely implies differences in the molecular cascade that leads to the development of certain disease phenotypes. In this study, we investigated the proteome of the frontal cortex of patients with the two most common sCJD subtypes (MM1 and VV2) using 2D-DIGE and MS. Analysis of 2D maps revealed that 46 proteins are differentially expressed in the sCJD. Common differential expression was detected for seven proteins, four showed opposite direction of differential expression, and the remaining ones displayed subtype-specific alteration. The highest number of differentially expressed proteins was associated with signal transduction and neuronal activity. Moreover, functional groups of proteins involved in cell cycle and death, as well as in structure and motility included subtype-specific expressed proteins exclusively. The expression of Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha, which regulates Rab3a-mediated neurotransmitter release, was affected in both sCJD subtypes that were analyzed. Therefore, we also investigated as to whether Rab3a recycling is altered. Indeed, we found an accumulation of the membrane-associated form, thus the active one, which suggests that dysfunction of the Rab3a-mediated exocytosis might be implicated in sCJD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gawinecka
- National Reference Center for TSE Surveillance, Medical Center Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.
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20
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Suh MJ, Fedorova ND, Cagas SE, Hastings S, Fleischmann RD, Peterson SN, Perlin DS, Nierman WC, Pieper R, Momany M. Development stage-specific proteomic profiling uncovers small, lineage specific proteins most abundant in the Aspergillus Fumigatus conidial proteome. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:30. [PMID: 22545825 PMCID: PMC3424117 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent infectious cause of death in severely immunocompromised individuals such as leukemia and bone marrow transplant patients. Germination of inhaled conidia (asexual spores) in the host is critical for the initiation of infection, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this process. Results To gain insights into early germination events and facilitate the identification of potential stage-specific biomarkers and vaccine candidates, we have used quantitative shotgun proteomics to elucidate patterns of protein abundance changes during early fungal development. Four different stages were examined: dormant conidia, isotropically expanding conidia, hyphae in which germ tube emergence has just begun, and pre-septation hyphae. To enrich for glycan-linked cell wall proteins we used an alkaline cell extraction method. Shotgun proteomic resulted in the identification of 375 unique gene products with high confidence, with no evidence for enrichment of cell wall-immobilized and secreted proteins. The most interesting discovery was the identification of 52 proteins enriched in dormant conidia including 28 proteins that have never been detected in the A. fumigatus conidial proteome such as signaling protein Pil1, chaperones BipA and calnexin, and transcription factor HapB. Additionally we found many small, Aspergillus specific proteins of unknown function including 17 hypothetical proteins. Thus, the most abundant protein, Grg1 (AFUA_5G14210), was also one of the smallest proteins detected in this study (M.W. 7,367). Among previously characterized proteins were melanin pigment and pseurotin A biosynthesis enzymes, histones H3 and H4.1, and other proteins involved in conidiation and response to oxidative or hypoxic stress. In contrast, expanding conidia, hyphae with early germ tubes, and pre-septation hyphae samples were enriched for proteins responsible for housekeeping functions, particularly translation, respiratory metabolism, amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Conclusions The observed temporal expression patterns suggest that the A. fumigatus conidia are dominated by small, lineage-specific proteins. Some of them may play key roles in host-pathogen interactions, signal transduction during conidial germination, or survival in hostile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Jin Suh
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Natalie D Fedorova
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Cagas
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Susan Hastings
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Scott N Peterson
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David S Perlin
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William C Nierman
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rembert Pieper
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Momany
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Zahid S, Oellerich M, Asif AR, Ahmed N. Phosphoproteome profiling of substantia nigra and cortex regions of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neurochem 2012; 121:954-63. [PMID: 22436009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and cognitive impairment usually characterized by widespread neurodegeneration throughout the association cortex, limbic system and hippocampus. Aberrant protein phosphorylation is a defining pathological hallmark of AD and implicated in the dysregulation of major cellular processes through highly dynamic and complex signaling pathways. Here in, we demonstrate 81 proteins, of 600 spots selected, unambiguously identified as phosphorylated, providing a partial phosphoproteome profile of AD substantia nigra and cortex and respective control brain regions. More importantly, abnormal phosphorylation signal intensity of nine physiologically important proteins observed can profoundly affect cell metabolism, signal transduction, cytoskeleton integration, and synaptic function and accounts for biological and morphological alterations. Our studies employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for protein separation, Pro-Q(®) Diamond phosphoprotein staining and electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight tandem MS for protein identification. NetPhosk 1.0 is used for the confirmation of protein modification status as well known/putative phosphoproteins. A further insight into the links among the identified phosphoproteins and functional roles STRING 8.3, KEGG and REACTOME pathway databases were applied. The present quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis can be supportive in establishing a broad database of potential protein targets of abnormal phosphorylation in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Zahid
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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de Klerk N, de Vogel C, Fahal A, van Belkum A, van de Sande WWJ. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and pyruvate kinase, two novel immunogens in Madurella mycetomatis. Med Mycol 2011; 50:143-51. [PMID: 21728753 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.593005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eumycetoma, a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by a subcutaneous mass, multiple sinuses and purulent discharge containing grains, remains difficult to diagnose and treat. Madurella mycetomatis is the most common causative agent of eumycetoma. Using a serum pool from patients with active mycetoma, we screened a M. mycetomatis-specific λgt11 cDNA library which was shown to contain 8% of cDNA inserts encoding proteins involved in glycolysis. Two of these enzymes, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and pyruvate kinase (PK), were produced in vitro and their antigenicity was studied with bead-based flow cytometry. It appeared that both FBA and PK IgG antibodies were present in eumycetoma patient sera. However, only FBA antibody levels were found to be significantly higher in eumycetoma patient sera when compared to healthy Sudanese controls. Furthermore, FBA and PK were also found to be expressed on the hyphae present in the mycetoma grain. In conclusion, this study presents two new antigenic proteins of M. mycetomatis next to the translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP): the glycolytic enzymes FBA and PK. These antigens might be useful as vaccine-candidates in the prevention of mycetoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele de Klerk
- Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Kniemeyer O. Proteomics of eukaryotic microorganisms: The medically and biotechnologically important fungal genus Aspergillus. Proteomics 2011; 11:3232-43. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kniemeyer O, Schmidt AD, Vödisch M, Wartenberg D, Brakhage AA. Identification of virulence determinants of the human pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans by proteomics. Int J Med Microbiol 2011; 301:368-77. [PMID: 21565549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus can cause a number of life-threatening systemic infections in humans. The commensal yeast C. albicans is one of the main causes of nosocomial fungal infectious diseases, whereas the filamentous fungus A. fumigatus has become one of the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogens. Early diagnosis of these fungal infections is challenging, only a limited number of antifungals for treatment are available, and the molecular details of pathogenicity are hardly understood. The completion of both the A. fumigatus and C. albicans genome sequence provides the opportunity to improve diagnosis, to define new drug targets, to understand the functions of many uncharacterised proteins, and to study protein regulation on a global scale. With the application of proteomic tools, particularly two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and LC/MS-based methods, a comprehensive overview about the proteins of A. fumigatus and C. albicans present or induced during environmental changes and stress conditions has been obtained in the past 5 years. However, for the discovery of further putative virulence determinants, more sensitive and targeted proteomic methods have to be applied. Here, we review the recent proteome data generated for A. fumigatus and C. albicans that are related to factors required for pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Kniemeyer
- Dept. of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
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Singh B, Sharma GL, Oellerich M, Kumar R, Singh S, Bhadoria DP, Katyal A, Reichard U, Asif AR. Novel cytosolic allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus identified from germinating conidia. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5530-41. [PMID: 20828162 DOI: 10.1021/pr100605c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the common cause of allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and most of the allergens have been described from its secreted fraction. In the present investigation, germinating conidial cytosolic proteins of A. fumigatus were extracted from a 16 h culture. The proteome from this fraction was developed, and immuno-blots were generated using pooled ABPA patients' sera. Well separated Immunoglobulin-E (IgE) and Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) reactive spots were picked from corresponding 2DE gels and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. As a result, 66 immuno-reactive proteins were identified from two geographically different strains (190/96 and DAYA) of A. fumigatus. Only 3 out of 66 proteins reacted with IgG, and the remaining 63 proteins were found to be IgE reactive. These 63 IgE-reactive cytosolic proteins from germinating conidia included 2 already known (Asp f12 and Asp f22) and 4 predicted allergens (Hsp88, Hsp70, malate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase) based on their homology with other known fungal allergens. In view of this, the panel of presently identified IgE-reactive novel proteins holds the potential of providing a basis for the wider diagnostic application in assay for allergic aspergillosis. We could demonstrate that recombinantly expressed proteins from this panel showed consistent reactivity with IgE of individual sera of ABPA patients. The recombinantly expressed proteins may also be useful in desensitization therapy of allergic disorders including ABPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi-110007, India
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26
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Singh B, Oellerich M, Kumar R, Kumar M, Bhadoria DP, Reichard U, Gupta VK, Sharma GL, Asif AR. Immuno-Reactive Molecules Identified from the Secreted Proteome of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5517-29. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100604x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Michael Oellerich
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Ram Kumar
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Manish Kumar
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Dharam P. Bhadoria
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Utz Reichard
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Vijay K. Gupta
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Gainda L. Sharma
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
| | - Abdul R. Asif
- Division of Diagnostics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India, Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kreuzburgring 57, D
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