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Böhm D, Koall M, Matysik FM. Combining amperometry and mass spectrometry as a dual detection approach for capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:492-500. [PMID: 36413610 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dual detection concepts (DDCs) are becoming more and more popular in analytical chemistry. In this work, we describe a novel DDC for capillary electrophoresis (CE) consisting of an amperometric detector (AD) and a mass spectrometer (MS). This detector combination has a good complementarity as the AD exhibits high sensitivity, whereas the MS provides excellent selectivity. Both detectors are based on a destructive detection principle, making a serial detector arrangement impossible. Thus, for the realization of the DDC, the CE flow was divided into two parts with a flow splitter. The DDC was characterized in a proof-of-concept study with ferrocene derivates and a nonaqueous background electrolyte. We could show that splitting the CE flow was a suitable method for the instrumental realization of the DDC consisting of two destructive detectors. By lowering the height of the AD compared to the MS, it was possible to synchronize the detector responses. Additionally, for the chosen model system, we confirmed that the AD was much more reproducible and had lower limits of detection (LODs) than the MS. The LODs were identical for the DDC and the single-detection arrangements, indicating no sensitivity decrease due to the CE flow splitting. The DDC was successfully applied to determine the drug and doping agent trimetazidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Böhm
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Koall
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Highly Sensitive Detection of Chlorpromazine in Human Whole Blood Based on the Silica Nanochannel Array Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238200. [PMID: 36500293 PMCID: PMC9735719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and highly sensitive quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in human whole blood is of great importance for human health. Herein, we utilize the screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) as the electrode substrates for growth of highly electroactive and antifouling nanocomposite materials consisting of vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) nanosheets. The preparation of such VMSF/ErGO/SPCE could be performed by using an electrochemical method in a few seconds and the operation is controllable. Inner ErGO layer converted from graphene oxide (GO) in the growth process of VMSF provides oxygen-containing groups and two-dimensional π-conjugated planar structure for stable fabrication of outer VMSF layer. Owing to the π-π enrichment and excellent electrocatalytic abilities of ErGO, electrostatic preconcentration and antifouling capacities of VMSF, and inherent disposable and miniaturized properties of SPCE, the proposed VMSF/ErGO/SPCE sensor could be applied for quantitative determination of CPZ in human whole blood with high accuracy and sensitivity, good stability, and low sample consumption.
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3
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Böhm D, Koall M, Matysik F. Dead volume–free flow splitting in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1438-1445. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Böhm
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo‐ and Biosensors University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Martin Koall
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo‐ and Biosensors University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Frank‐Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo‐ and Biosensors University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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4
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Construction of novel binary metal oxides: Copper oxide–tin oxide nanoparticles regulated for selective and nanomolar level electrochemical detection of anti-psychotic drug. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Yang L, Pan G, Zhang P, Liu Q, Liu X, Li Y, Liang Y, Zhang M. 3D printed two-in-one on-capillary detector: Combining contactless conductometric and photometric detection for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338427. [PMID: 33867034 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, a 3D printed two-in-one on-capillary detector, combining contactless conductometric detection (C4D) and photometric detection (PD), is fabricated for capillary electrophoresis (CE). The C4D Faraday shield (FS) is printed using electrically conductive composite polylactic acid (PLA) to minimize the stray capacitance. Non-conductive PLA is also used to print the insulator of FS to prevent the electrical conduction with two stainless steel electrodes. A novel collimator, consisting of two partially aligned pinholes, is printed by conductive material to collimate the light-emitting diode beam. The C4D detection has a signal-to-noise ratio of 1092 ± 2 for 200 μM potassium on a 25 μm id capillary. The PD detection shows excellent linearity with stray light down to 8% and an effective path length at 73% of a 75 μm id capillary. The analytical performance is demonstrated by CE separation and detection of cations. PD shows limits of detection (LODs) of 1.3, 0.9, and 1.7 μM for cobalt, copper and zinc, which are complexed with 4-(2-Pyridylazo) resorcinol, while C4D shows LODs of 1.2, 1.4, 21 and 2.6 μM for potassium, sodium, cobalt and zinc, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Guangchao Pan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Piwang Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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6
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Schilly KM, Gunawardhana SM, Wijesinghe MB, Lunte SM. Biological applications of microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection: in vivo monitoring and cell analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6101-6119. [PMID: 32347360 PMCID: PMC8130646 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection (ME-EC) is a useful tool for the determination of redox active compounds in complex biological samples. In this review, a brief background on the principles of ME-EC is provided, including substrate types, electrode materials, and electrode configurations. Several different detection approaches are described, including dual-channel systems for dual-electrode detection and electrochemistry coupled with fluorescence and chemiluminescence. The application of ME-EC to the determination of catecholamines, adenosine and its metabolites, and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in microdialysis samples and cell lysates is also detailed. Lastly, approaches for coupling of ME-EC with microdialysis sampling to create separation-based sensors that can be used for near real-time monitoring of drug metabolism and neurotransmitters in freely roaming animals are provided. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelci M Schilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Shamal M Gunawardhana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Manjula B Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Susan M Lunte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2010 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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Sebastian N, Yu WC, Hu YC, Balram D, Yu YH. Sonochemical synthesis of iron-graphene oxide/honeycomb-like ZnO ternary nanohybrids for sensitive electrochemical detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 59:104696. [PMID: 31430655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective determination of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) based on the iron (Fe) nanoparticles-loaded graphene oxide (GO-Fe)/three dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanohybrid modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The 3D hierarchical honeycomb-like ZnO was synthesized using a novel aqueous hydrothermal method and the GO-Fe/ZnO nanohybrid was prepared based on an inexpensive and fast sonochemical method using a high-intensity ultrasonic bath (Delta DC200H, 200 W, 40 KHz). Characterizations including scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were carried out as part of this work. The electrocatalytic oxidation behavior of CPZ at various electrodes was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry technique, through which the GO-Fe/ZnO modified SPCE was identified as the best performing electrode. The quantitative determination of CPZ was then performed using the differential pulse voltammetry technique. The as-prepared GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor exhibited a quick and sensitive response towards the oxidation of CPZ with linear concentration ranges from 0.02 to 172.74 μM and 222.48 to 1047.74 μM. The modified SPCE sensor displayed a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 µM and a high sensitivity of 7.56 µA µM-1 cm-2. The proposed sensor also showed remarkable operational and storage stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, the practicability of the GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor has been verified with real sample analysis using commercial antipsychotic CPZ tablets and human urine samples, and adequate recovery has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Sebastian
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chin Yu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Chung Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC.
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8
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Beutner A, Herl T, Matysik FM. Selectivity enhancement in capillary electrophoresis by means of two-dimensional separation or dual detection concepts. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1057:18-35. [PMID: 30832915 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the identification and quantification of analytes in complex samples, highly selective analytical strategies are required. The selectivity of single separation techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE) with common detection principles can be enhanced by hyphenating orthogonal separation techniques but also by using complementary detection systems. In this review, two-dimensional systems containing CE in at least one dimension are reviewed, namely LC-CE or 2D CE systems. Particular attention is paid to the aspect of selectivity enhancement due to the orthogonality of the different separation mechanisms. As an alternative concept, dual detection approaches are reviewed using the common detectors of CE such as UV/VIS, laser-induced fluorescence, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity (C4D), electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry. Special emphasis is given to dual detection systems implementing the highly flexible C4D as one detection component. Selectivity enhancement can be achieved in case of complementarity of the different detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beutner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Herl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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9
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Kubáň P, Foret F, Erny G. Open source capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:65-78. [PMID: 30229967 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Open source paradigm is becoming widely accepted in scientific communities and open source hardware is finding its steady place in chemistry research. In this review article, we provide the reader with the most up-to-date information on open source hardware and software resources enabling the construction and utilization of an "open source capillary electrophoresis instrument". While CE is still underused as a separation technique, it offers unique flexibility, low-cost, and high efficiency and is particularly suitable for open source instrumental development. We overview the major parts of CE instruments, such as high voltage power supplies, detectors, data acquisition systems, and CE software resources with emphasis on availability of the open source information on the web and in the scientific literature. This review is the first of its kind, revealing accessible blueprints of most parts from which a fully functional open source CE system can be built. By collecting the extensive information on open source capillary electrophoresis in this review article, the authors aim at facilitating the dissemination of knowledge on CE within and outside the scientific community, fosters innovation and inspire other researchers to improve the shared CE blueprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Foret
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Erny
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Shih TT, Lee HL, Chen SC, Kang CY, Shen RS, Su YA. Rapid analysis of traditional Chinese medicinePinellia ternataby microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:740-746. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ting Shih
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories; Industrial Technology Research Institute; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Fu Jen Catholic University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Show-Chuen Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Fu Jen Catholic University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Kang
- Department of Chemistry; Fu Jen Catholic University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shang Shen
- Department of Chemistry; Fu Jen Catholic University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Su
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories; Industrial Technology Research Institute; Hsinchu Taiwan
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11
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Popescu L, Robu AC, Zamfir AD. Sustainable Nanosystem Development for Mass Spectrometry. SUSTAINABLE NANOSYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0492-4.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, considerable efforts are invested into development of sustainable nanosystems as front end technology for either Electrospray Ionization (ESI) or Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Since their first introduction in MS, nanofluidics demonstrated a high potential to discover novel biopolymer species. These systems confirmed the unique ability to offer structural elucidation of molecular species, which often represent valuable biomarkers of severe diseases. In view of these major advantages of nanofluidics-MS, this chapter reviews the strategies, which allowed a successful development of nanotechnology for MS and the applications in biological and clinical research. The first part will be dedicated to the principles and technical developments of advanced nanosystems for electrospray and MALDI MS. The second part will highlight the most important applications in clinical proteomics and glycomics. Finally, this chapter will emphasize that advanced nanosystems-MS has real perspectives to become a routine method for early diagnosis of severe pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu Popescu
- West University of Timişoara, Romania & Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian C. Robu
- West University of Timişoara, Romania & Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania
| | - Alina D. Zamfir
- Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania & Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania
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12
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Chen X, Tang Y, Wang S, Song Y, Tang F, Wu X. Field-amplified sample injection in capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection for the ultratrace analysis of diastereomeric ephedrine alkaloids. Electrophoresis 2016; 36:1953-61. [PMID: 25873262 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A coupling method of field-amplified sample injection (FASI) CE with amperometric detection is developed for ultratrace analysis of ephedrine alkaloids stereoisomers. FASI was introduced by injecting electrokinetically the sample solution for 10 s into the capillary filled with highly conductive background electrolyte (BGE). The diastereomeric selectivity and the detection sensitivity were improved by using borate buffer of high ionic strength as BGE. Parameters affecting FASI and CE separation were investigated to achieve the optimal conditions. Four analytes were separated within 15 min using 200 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 9.5) and separation voltage of +18 kV, with detection potential at +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and carbon disc electrode as working electrode. Excellent linearity was observed between peak current and concentration of analytes in the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL. The LODs (S/N = 3) for (-)-ephedrine, (+)-pseudoephedrine, (-)-N-methylephedrine and (+)-N-methylpseudoephedrine were 39.3, 54.9, 30.8, and 44.1 pg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of alkaloids in Ephedra sinica, with results agreed well with HPLC method. Mean recoveries of 102.1-109.7% and RSDs less than 6% were found. And the merits of high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as a simple and stable operation, have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Metrology Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Tang
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Song
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Fengxiang Tang
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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13
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA. Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Makrlíková A, Opekar F, Tůma P. Pressure-assisted introduction of urine samples into a short capillary for electrophoretic separation with contactless conductivity and UV spectrometry detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1962-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makrlíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - František Opekar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tůma
- Institute of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
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15
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Lucca BG, Lunte SM, Tomazelli Coltro WK, Ferreira VS. Separation of natural antioxidants using PDMS electrophoresis microchips coupled with amperometric detection and reverse polarity. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3363-70. [PMID: 25224541 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the use of PDMS ME coupled with amperometric detection for rapid separation of ascorbic, gallic , ferulic, p-coumaric acids using reverse polarity. ME devices were fabricated in PDMS by soft lithography and detection was accomplished using an integrated carbon fiber working electrode aligned in the end-channel configuration. Separation and detection parameters were investigated and the best conditions were obtained using a run buffer consisting of 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) and a detection voltage of 1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode. All compounds were separated within 70 s using gated injection mode with baseline resolution and separation efficiencies between 1200 and 9000 plates. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity and the LODs achieved ranged from 1.7 to 9.7 μM. The precision for migration time and peak height provided maximum values of 4% for the intrachip studies. Lastly, the analytical method was successfully applied for the analysis of ascorbic and gallic acids in commercial beverage samples. The results achieved using ME coupled with amperometric detection were in good agreement with the values provided by the supplier. Based on the data reported here, the proposed method shows suitability to be applied for the routine analysis of beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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16
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Vochyánová B, Opekar F, Tůma P. Simultaneous and rapid determination of caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by MEKC in a short capillary with dual contactless conductivity/photometry detection. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1660-5. [PMID: 24285507 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of taurine and caffeine using a laboratory-made instrument enabling separation analysis in a short 10.5 cm capillary. The substances are detected using a contactless conductometry/ultraviolet (UV) photometry detector that enables recording both signals at one place in the capillary. The separation of caffeine and taurine was performed using the MEKC technique in a BGE with the composition 40 mM CHES, 15 mM NaOH, and 50 mM SDS, pH 9.36. Under these conditions, the migration time of caffeine is 43 s and of taurine 60 s; LOD for caffeine is 4 mg/L using photometric detection and LOD for taurine is 24 mg/L using contactless conductometric detection. The standard addition method was used for determination in Red Bull energy drink of caffeine 317 mg/L and taurine 3860 mg/L; the contents in Kamikaze drink were 468 mg/L caffeine and 4110 mg/L taurine. The determined values are in good agreement with the declared contents of these substances. RSD does not exceed 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Vochyánová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2011-2013). Electrophoresis 2013; 35:69-95. [PMID: 24255019 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The review presents a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography) for analysis, isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides, in the methodology of their analysis, including sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, as well as in detection of peptides, are presented. New developments in particular CE and CEC modes are reported and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are described: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide relevant physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kubáň P, Timerbaev AR. Inorganic analysis using CE: Advanced methodologies to face old challenges. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:225-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation; CEITEC - Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andrei R. Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
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Wang S, Chen Z, Tang X, Shi L, Zhang L, Yao M. Rapid determination of partition coefficients of pharmaceuticals by phase distribution and microchip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3615-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
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20
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Contactless impedance sensors and their application to flow measurements. SENSORS 2013; 13:2786-801. [PMID: 23447011 PMCID: PMC3658714 DOI: 10.3390/s130302786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper provides a critical discussion of the present state of the theory of high-frequency impedance sensors (now mostly called contactless impedance or conductivity sensors), the principal approaches employed in designing impedance flow-through cells and their operational parameters. In addition to characterization of traditional types of impedance sensors, the article is concerned with the use of less common sensors, such as cells with wire electrodes or planar cells. There is a detailed discussion of the effect of the individual operational parameters (width and shape of the electrodes, detection gap, frequency and amplitude of the input signal) on the response of the detector. The most important problems to be resolved in coupling these devices with flow-through measurements in the liquid phase are also discussed. Examples are given of cell designs for continuous flow and flow-injection analyses and of detection systems for miniaturized liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. New directions for the use of these sensors in molecular biology and chemical reactors and some directions for future development are outlined.
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques: Developments from 2010 to 2012. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:55-69. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
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Ding Y, Bai L, Suo X, Meng X. Post separation adjustment of pH to enable the analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics by microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3245-53. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ding
- College of Life Sciences; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; China
| | - Liang Bai
- College of Life Sciences; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; China
| | - Xingmei Suo
- School of Information Engineering; Minzu University of China; Beijing; China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- College of Life Sciences; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; China
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Mark JJP, Scholz R, Matysik FM. Electrochemical methods in conjunction with capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:45-64. [PMID: 22824222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electromigrative techniques such as capillary and microchip electrophoresis (CE and MCE) are inherently associated with various electrochemical phenomena. The electrolytic processes occurring in the buffer reservoirs have to be considered for a proper design of miniaturized electrophoretic systems and a suitable selection of buffer composition. In addition, the control of the electroosmotic flow plays a crucial role for the optimization of CE/MCE separations. Electroanalytical methods have significant importance in the field of detection in conjunction with CE/MCE. At present, amperometric detection and contactless conductivity detection are the predominating electrochemical detection methods for CE/MCE. This paper reviews the most recent trends in the field of electrochemical detection coupled to CE/MCE. The emphasis is on methodical developments and new applications that have been published over the past five years. A rather new way for the implementation of electrochemical methods into CE systems is the concept of electrochemically assisted injection which involves the electrochemical conversions of analytes during the injection step. This approach is particularly attractive in hyphenation to mass spectrometry (MS) as it widens the range of CE-MS applications. An overview of recent developments of electrochemically assisted injection coupled to CE is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J P Mark
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Kang Q, Zhang Q, Li YL, Li DD, Shen DZ. Analyzing the response of a contactless conductivity detector in capillary electrophoresis by a resonant method. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCarbon nanotubes are among the plethora of novel nanostructures developed since the 1980s. Nanotubes have attracted considerable interest by the scientific community thanks to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Research areas have flourished in recent years and now include the nano-electronic, (bio)sensor and analytical field along with many others. This review covers applications of carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis. First, carbon nanotubes and a range of electrophoretic techniques are briefly introduced and key references are mentioned. Next, a comprehensive survey of achievements in the field is presented and critically assessed. The merits and downsides of carbon nanotube addition to the various capillary electrophoretic modes are addressed. The different schemes for fabricating electrochromatographic stationary phases based on carbon nanotubes are discussed. Finally, some future perspectives are offered.
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Kang CM, Joo S, Bae JH, Kim YR, Kim Y, Chung TD. In-Channel Electrochemical Detection in the Middle of Microchannel under High Electric Field. Anal Chem 2011; 84:901-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2016322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Mu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Segyeong Joo
- Department of Medical Engineering,
Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Je Hyun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Yang-Rae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Yongseong Kim
- Department
of Science Education, Kyungnam University, Masan 631-701, Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Hai X, Yang BF, Van Schepdael A. Recent developments and applications of EMMA in enzymatic and derivatization reactions. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:211-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Mai TD, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for electrophoretic microseparation techniques. CHEM REC 2011; 12:106-13. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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