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Wang Q, Kim H, Halvorsen TM, Chen S, Hayes CS, Buie CR. Leveraging microfluidic dielectrophoresis to distinguish compositional variations of lipopolysaccharide in E. coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:991784. [PMID: 36873367 PMCID: PMC9979706 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.991784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the unique feature that composes the outer leaflet of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope. Variations in LPS structures affect a number of physiological processes, including outer membrane permeability, antimicrobial resistance, recognition by the host immune system, biofilm formation, and interbacterial competition. Rapid characterization of LPS properties is crucial for studying the relationship between these LPS structural changes and bacterial physiology. However, current assessments of LPS structures require LPS extraction and purification followed by cumbersome proteomic analysis. This paper demonstrates one of the first high-throughput and non-invasive strategies to directly distinguish Escherichia coli with different LPS structures. Using a combination of three-dimensional insulator-based dielectrophoresis (3DiDEP) and cell tracking in a linear electrokinetics assay, we elucidate the effect of structural changes in E. coli LPS oligosaccharides on electrokinetic mobility and polarizability. We show that our platform is sufficiently sensitive to detect LPS structural variations at the molecular level. To correlate electrokinetic properties of LPS with the outer membrane permeability, we further examined effects of LPS structural variations on bacterial susceptibility to colistin, an antibiotic known to disrupt the outer membrane by targeting LPS. Our results suggest that microfluidic electrokinetic platforms employing 3DiDEP can be a useful tool for isolating and selecting bacteria based on their LPS glycoforms. Future iterations of these platforms could be leveraged for rapid profiling of pathogens based on their surface LPS structural identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hyungseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tiffany M Halvorsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Christopher S Hayes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Cullen R Buie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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2
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Weirauch L, Giesler J, Baune M, Pesch G, Thöming J. Shape-selective remobilization of microparticles in a mesh-based DEP filter at high throughput. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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3
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Panklang N, Techaumnat B, Wisitsoraat A, Putaporntip C, Chotivanich K, Suzuki Y. A discrete dielectrophoresis device for the separation of malaria‐infected cells. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1347-1356. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitipong Panklang
- Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Boonchai Techaumnat
- Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Anurat Wisitsoraat
- Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory National Electronics and Computer Technology Center Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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4
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Perez‐Gonzalez VH. Particle trapping in electrically driven insulator-based microfluidics: Dielectrophoresis and induced-charge electrokinetics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2445-2464. [PMID: 34081787 PMCID: PMC9291494 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetically driven insulator‐based microfluidic devices represent an attractive option to manipulate particle suspensions. These devices can filtrate, concentrate, separate, or characterize micro and nanoparticles of interest. Two decades ago, inspired by electrode‐based dielectrophoresis, the concept of insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) was born. In these microfluidic devices, insulating structures (i.e., posts, membranes, obstacles, or constrictions) built within the channel are used to deform the spatial distribution of an externally generated electric field. As a result, particles suspended in solution experience dielectrophoresis (DEP). Since then, it has been assumed that DEP is responsible for particle trapping in these devices, regardless of the type of voltage being applied to generate the electric field—direct current (DC) or alternating current. Recent findings challenge this assumption by demonstrating particle trapping and even particle flow reversal in devices that prevent DEP from occurring (i.e., unobstructed long straight channels stimulated with a DC voltage and featuring a uniform electric field). The theory introduced to explain those unexpected observations was then applied to conventional “DC‐iDEP” devices, demonstrating better prediction accuracy than that achieved with the conventional DEP‐centered theory. This contribution summarizes contributions made during the last two decades, comparing both theories to explain particle trapping and highlighting challenges to address in the near future.
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Determination of the Empirical Electrokinetic Equilibrium Condition of Microorganisms in Microfluidic Devices. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10100148. [PMID: 33086549 PMCID: PMC7603120 DOI: 10.3390/bios10100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increased concern regarding emerging pathogens and antibiotic resistance has drawn interest in the development of rapid and robust microfluidic techniques to analyze microorganisms. The novel parameter known as the electrokinetic equilibrium condition (EEEC) was presented in recent studies, providing an approach to analyze microparticles in microchannels employing unique electrokinetic (EK) signatures. While the EEEC shows great promise, current estimation approaches can be time-consuming or heavily user-dependent for accurate values. The present contribution aims to analyze existing approaches for estimating this parameter and modify the process into an accurate yet simple technique for estimating the EK behavior of microorganisms in insulator-based microfluidic devices. The technique presented here yields the parameter called the empirical electrokinetic equilibrium condition (eEEEC) which works well as a value for initial approximations of trapping conditions in insulator-based EK (iEK) microfluidic systems. A total of six types of microorganisms were analyzed in this study (three bacteria and three bacteriophages). The proposed approach estimated eEEEC values employing images of trapped microorganisms, yielding high reproducibility (SD 5.0–8.8%). Furthermore, stable trapping voltages (sTVs) were estimated from eEEEC values for distinct channel designs to test that this parameter is system-independent and good agreement was obtained when comparing estimated sTVs vs. experimental values (SD 0.3–19.6%). The encouraging results from this work were used to generate an EK library of data, available on our laboratory website. The data in this library can be used to design tailored iEK microfluidic devices for the analysis of microorganisms.
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6
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Hilton SH, Crowther CV, McLaren A, Smithers JP, Hayes MA. Biophysical differentiation of susceptibility and chemical differences in Staphylococcus aureus. Analyst 2020; 145:2904-2914. [PMID: 32072998 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Differentiating bacteria strains using biophysical forces has been the focus of recent studies using dielectrophoresis (DEP). The refinement of these studies has created high-resolution separations such that very subtle properties of the cells are enough to induce significant differences in measurable biophysical properties. These high-resolution capabilities build upon the advantages of DEP which include small sample sizes and fast analysis times. Studies focusing on differentiating antimicrobial resistant and susceptible bacteria potentially have significant impact on human health and medical care. A prime example is Staphylococcus aureus, which commonly colonizes adults without ill effects. However, the pathogen is an important cause of infections, including surgical site infections. Treatment of S. aureus infections is generally possible with antimicrobials, but antimicrobial resistance has emerged. Of special importance is resistance to methicillin, an antimicrobial created in response to resistance to penicillin. Here, dielectrophoresis is used to study methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains, both with and without the addition of a fluorescent label. The capture onset potential of fluorescently-labeled MRSA (865 ± 71 V) and thus the ratio of electrokinetic to dielectrophoretic mobility, was found to be higher than that of fluorescently-labeled MSSA (685 ± 61 V). This may be attributable to the PBP2a enzyme present in the MRSA strain and not in the MSSA bacteria. Further, unlabeled MRSA was found to have a capture onset potential of 732 ± 44 V, while unlabeled MSSA was found to have a capture onset potential of 562 ± 59 V. This shows that the fluorescently-labeled bacteria require a higher applied potential, and thus ratio of mobilities, to capture than the unlabeled bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Huey Hilton
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA..
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7
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Hill N, Lapizco‐Encinas BH. On the use of correction factors for the mathematical modeling of insulator based dielectrophoretic devices. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2541-2552. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hill
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering DepartmentRochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco‐Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering DepartmentRochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA
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8
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Pudasaini S, Perera ATK, Das D, Ng SH, Yang C. Continuous flow microfluidic cell inactivation with the use of insulating micropillars for multiple electroporation zones. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2522-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Pudasaini
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - A T K Perera
- Interdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Dhiman Das
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Sum Huan Ng
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech) Singapore
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore
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9
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Hilton SH, Hayes MA. A mathematical model of dielectrophoretic data to connect measurements with cell properties. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2223-2237. [PMID: 30879117 PMCID: PMC6459731 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) brings about the high-resolution separations of cells and other bioparticles arising from very subtle differences in their properties. However, an unanticipated limitation has arisen: difficulty in assignment of specific biological features which vary between two cell populations. This hampers the ability to interpret the significance of the variations. To realize the opportunities made possible by dielectrophoresis, the data and the diversity of structures found in cells and bioparticles must be linked. While the crossover frequency in DEP has been studied in-depth and exploited in applications using AC fields, less attention has been given when a DC field is present. Here, a new mathematical model of dielectrophoretic data is introduced which connects the physical properties of cells to specific elements of the data from potential- or time-varied DEP experiments. The slope of the data in either analysis is related to the electrokinetic mobility, while the potential at which capture initiates in potential-based analysis is related to both the electrokinetic and dielectrophoretic mobilities. These mobilities can be assigned to cellular properties for which values appear in the literature. Representative examples of high and low values of properties such as conductivity, zeta potential, and surface charge density for bacteria including Streptococcus mutans, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are considered. While the many properties of a cell collapse into one or two features of data, for a well-vetted system the model can indicate the extent of dissimilarity. The influence of individual properties on the features of dielectrophoretic data is summarized, allowing for further interpretation of data. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Huey Hilton
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Mail Stop 1604, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Mark A Hayes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Mail Stop 1604, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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10
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Gallo-Villanueva RC, Perez-Gonzalez VH, Cardenas-Benitez B, Jind B, Martinez-Chapa SO, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Joule heating effects in optimized insulator-based dielectrophoretic devices: An interplay between post geometry and temperature rise. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1408-1416. [PMID: 30883810 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is the electrokinetic migration of polarized particles when subjected to a non-uniform electric field generated by the inclusion of insulating structures between two remote electrodes. Electrode spacing is considerable in iDEP systems when compared to electrode-based DEP systems, therefore, iDEP systems require high voltages to achieve efficient particle manipulation. A consequence of this is the temperature increase within the channel due to Joule heating effects, which, in some cases, can be detrimental when manipulating biological samples. This work presents an experimental and modeling study on the increase in temperature inside iDEP devices. For this, we studied seven distinct channel designs that mainly differ from each other in their post array characteristics: post shape, post size and spacing between posts. Experimental results obtained using a custom-built copper Resistance Temperature Detector, based on resistance changes, show that the influence of the insulators produces a difference in temperature rise of approximately 4°C between the designs studied. Furthermore, a 3D COMSOL model is also introduced to evaluate heat generation and dissipation, which is in good agreement with the experiments. The model allowed relating the difference in average temperature for the geometries under study to the electric resistance posed by the post array in each design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C Gallo-Villanueva
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Nano- Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Victor H Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Nano- Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Braulio Cardenas-Benitez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Nano- Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Binny Jind
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Nano- Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Sergio O Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Nano- Sensors and Devices Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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11
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12
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Mata-Gomez MA, Perez-Gonzalez VH, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Gonzalez-Valdez J, Rito-Palomares M, Martinez-Chapa SO. Modelling of electrokinetic phenomena for capture of PEGylated ribonuclease A in a microdevice with insulating structures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:033106. [PMID: 27375815 PMCID: PMC4912556 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of PEGylated proteins results in a mixture of protein-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates and the unreacted native protein. From a ribonuclease A (RNase A) PEGylation reaction, mono-PEGylated RNase A (mono-PEG RNase A) has proven therapeutic effects against cancer, reason for which there is an interest in isolating it from the rest of the reaction products. Experimental trapping of PEGylated RNase A inside an electrokinetically driven microfluidic device has been previously demonstrated. Now, from a theoretical point of view, we have studied the electrokinetic phenomena involved in the dielectrophoretic streaming of the native RNase A protein and the trapping of the mono-PEG RNase A inside a microfluidic channel. To accomplish this, we used two 3D computational models, a sphere and an ellipse, adapted to each protein. The effect of temperature on parameters related to trapping was also studied. A temperature increase showed to rise the electric and thermal conductivities of the suspending solution, hindering dielectrophoretic trapping. In contrast, the dynamic viscosity of the suspending solution decreased as the temperature rose, favoring the dielectrophoretic manipulation of the proteins. Also, our models were able to predict the magnitude and direction of the velocity of both proteins indicating trapping for the PEGylated conjugate or no trapping for the native protein. In addition, a parametric sweep study revealed the effect of the protein zeta potential on the electrokinetic response of the protein. We believe this work will serve as a tool to improve the design of electrokinetically driven microfluidic channels for the separation and recovery of PEGylated proteins in one single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Mata-Gomez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Victor H Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto C Gallo-Villanueva
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Jose Gonzalez-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Sergio O Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
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Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Rauch MM, LaLonde A, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Polarization behavior of polystyrene particles under direct current and low-frequency (<1 kHz) electric fields in dielectrophoretic systems. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:635-44. [PMID: 26531799 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The relative polarization behavior of micron and submicron polystyrene particles was investigated under direct current and very low frequency (<1 kHz) alternating current electric fields. Relative polarization of particles with respect to the suspending medium is expressed in terms of the Clausius-Mossotti factor, a parameter of crucial importance in dielectrophoretic-based operations. Particle relative polarization was studied by employing insulator-based dielectrophoretic (iDEP) devices. The effects of particle size, medium conductivity, and frequency (10-1000 Hz) of the applied electric potential on particle response were assessed through experiments and mathematical modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics(®). Particles of different sizes (100-1000 nm diameters) were introduced into iDEP devices fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and their dielectrophoretic responses under direct and alternating current electric fields were recorded and analyzed in the form of images and videos. The results illustrated that particle polarizability and dielectrophoretic response depend greatly on particle size and the frequency of the electric field. Small particles tend to exhibit positive DEP at higher frequencies (200-1000 Hz), while large particles exhibit negative DEP at lower frequencies (20-200 Hz). These differences in relative polarization can be used for the design of iDEP-based separations and analysis of particle mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallory M Rauch
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra LaLonde
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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14
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Pesch GR, Kiewidt L, Du F, Baune M, Thöming J. Electrodeless dielectrophoresis: Impact of geometry and material on obstacle polarization. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:291-301. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg R. Pesch
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Lars Kiewidt
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Fei Du
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Michael Baune
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Engineering, Recovery and Recycling, Department of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
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LaLonde A, Romero-Creel MF, Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Isolation and enrichment of low abundant particles with insulator-based dielectrophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064113. [PMID: 26674134 PMCID: PMC4676780 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and enrichment of low-abundant particles are essential steps in many bio-analytical and clinical applications. In this work, the capability of an insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) device for the detection and stable capture of low abundant polystyrene particles and yeast cells was evaluated. Binary and tertiary mixtures of particles and cells were tested, where the low-abundant particles had concentration ratios on the order of 1:10 000 000 compared to the other particles present in the mixture. The results demonstrated successful and stable capture and enrichment of rare particles and cells (trapping efficiencies over 99%), where particles remained trapped in a stable manner for up to 4 min. A device with four reservoirs was employed for the separation and enrichment of rare particles, where the particles of interest were first selectively concentrated and then effectively directed to a side port for future collection and analysis. The present study demonstrates that simple iDEP devices have appropriate screening capacity and can be used for handling samples containing rare particles; achieving both enrichment and isolation of low-abundant particles and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra LaLonde
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Maria F Romero-Creel
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Mario A Saucedo-Espinosa
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Fu X, Mavrogiannis N, Doria S, Gagnon Z. Microfluidic pumping, routing and metering by contactless metal-based electro-osmosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3600-8. [PMID: 26053965 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, many microfluidic platforms for fluid processing have been developed in order to perform on-chip fluidic manipulations. Many of these methods, however, require expensive and bulky external supporting equipment, which are not typically applicable for microsystems requiring portability. We have developed a new type of portable contactless metal electro-osmotic micropump capable of on-chip fluid pumping, routing and metering. The pump operates using two pairs of gallium metal electrodes, which are activated using an external voltage source, and separated from a main flow channel by a thin micron-scale PDMS membrane. The thin contactless membrane allows for field penetration and electro-osmotic (EO) flow within the microchannel, but eliminates electrode damage and sample contamination commonly associated with traditional DC electro-osmotic pumps that utilize electrodes in direct contact with the working fluid. The maximum flow rates and pressures generated by the pump using DI water as a working buffer are 10 nL min(-1) and 30 Pa, respectively. With our current design, the maximum operational conductivity where fluid flow is observed is 0.1 mS cm(-1). Due to the small size and simple fabrication procedure, multiple micropump units can be integrated into a single microfluidic device for automated on-chip routing and sample metering applications. We experimentally demonstrated the ability to quantify micropump electro-osmotic flowrate and pressure as a function of applied voltage, and developed a mathematical model capable of predicting the performance of a contactless micropump for a given external load and internal hydrodynamic microchannel resistance. Finally, we showed that by activating specific pumps within a microchannel network, our micropumps are capable of routing microchannel fluid flow and generating plugs of solute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Fu
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 3400 North Charles St., Maryland Hall 220A, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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17
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Dey R, Shaik VA, Chakraborty D, Ghosal S, Chakraborty S. AC Electric Field-Induced Trapping of Microparticles in Pinched Microconfinements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5952-5961. [PMID: 25954982 DOI: 10.1021/la504795m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The trapping of charged microparticles under confinement in a converging-diverging microchannel, under a symmetric AC field of tunable frequency, is studied. We show that at low frequencies, the trapping characteristics stem from the competing effects of positive dielectrophoresis and the linear electrokinetic phenomena of electroosmosis and electrophoresis. It is found, somewhat unexpectedly, that electroosmosis and electrophoresis significantly affect the concentration profile of the trapped analyte, even for a symmetric AC field. However, at intermediate frequencies, the microparticle trapping mechanism is predominantly a consequence of positive dielectrophoresis. We substantiate our experimental results for the microparticle concentration distribution, along the converging-diverging microchannel, with a detailed theoretical analysis that takes into account all of the relevant frequency-dependent electrokinetic phenomena. This study should be useful in understanding the response of biological components such as cells to applied AC fields. Moreover, it will have potential applications in the design of efficient point-of-care diagnostic devices for detecting biomarkers and also possibly in some recent strategies in cancer therapy using AC fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Dey
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Vaseem Akram Shaik
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Debapriya Chakraborty
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Suman Chakraborty
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
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18
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Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Experimental and theoretical study of dielectrophoretic particle trapping in arrays of insulating structures: Effect of particle size and shape. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1086-97. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Saucedo-Espinosa
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rochester Institute of Technology; Rochester NY USA
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rochester Institute of Technology; Rochester NY USA
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19
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Yan Y, Luo J, Guo D, Wen S. Dynamic dielectrophoresis model of multi-phase ionic fluids. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117456. [PMID: 25699513 PMCID: PMC4336143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic-based dielectrophoretic microchips have attracted significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in electro kinetic and biological experiments. In this work, a numerical method is used to simulate the dynamic behaviors of ionic droplets in a microchannel under the effect of dielectrophoresis. When a discrete liquid dielectric is encompassed within a continuous fluid dielectric placed in an electric field, an electric force is produced due to the dielectrophoresis effect. If either or both of the fluids are ionic liquids, the magnitude and even the direction of the force will be changed because the net ionic charge induced by an electric field can affect the polarization degree of the dielectrics. However, using a dielectrophoresis model, assuming ideal dielectrics, results in significant errors. To avoid the inaccuracy caused by the model, this work incorporates the electrode kinetic equation and defines a relationship between the polarization charge and the net ionic charge. According to the simulation conditions presented herein, the electric force obtained in this work has an error exceeding 70% of the actual value if the false effect of net ionic charge is not accounted for, which would result in significant issues in the design and optimization of experimental parameters. Therefore, there is a clear motivation for developing a model adapted to ionic liquids to provide precise control for the dielectrophoresis of multi-phase ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Tsinghua University, State Key Lab of Tribology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Tsinghua University, State Key Lab of Tribology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Guo
- Tsinghua University, State Key Lab of Tribology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shizhu Wen
- Tsinghua University, State Key Lab of Tribology, Beijing, P. R. China
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20
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Zhu X, Chen Y. Simultaneous determination of electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic mobilities of human red blood cells. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:1507-13. [PMID: 25363511 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis of cells can reveal many distinct cellular properties but are often conducted separately. Herein a simultaneous strategy was proposed, and a simple method was established by making cells migrate through a cross channel under a micro video for real-time observation. The experiment can be performed within 0.044-1 s. In combination with digital calculation based on electromagnetic theory, the method was validated to be applicable to the determination of electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic mobilities, μEP and μDEP , of human blood erythrocytes, giving μEP = -(0.87 ± 0.16)× 10(-4) cm(2) ·V(-1) · s(-1) and μDEP = -(4.5 ± 1.3) × 10(-8) cm(4) ·V(-2) ·s(-1) by vector decomposition, or μEP = -(0.89 ± 0.14) × 10(-4) cm(2) ·V(-1) · s(-1) and μDEP = -(4.6 ±1.2) × 10(-8) cm(4) ·V(-2) · s(-1) by least squares fitting, all agreeing with published data. Hydrodynamic and EOFs were eliminated for better measurement. It was found that the location of cells had a serious impact on the measurement precision, and the upstream of the cross channel along the electric field was chosen for precise measurement. The method is also extendable to the study of other cells and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Beijing, China
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21
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LaLonde A, Romero-Creel MF, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Assessment of cell viability after manipulation with insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:1479-84. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra LaLonde
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department; Rochester Institute of Technology; Rochester NY USA
| | - Maria F. Romero-Creel
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department; Rochester Institute of Technology; Rochester NY USA
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department; Rochester Institute of Technology; Rochester NY USA
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22
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Dash S, Mohanty S. Dielectrophoretic separation of micron and submicron particles: a review. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2656-72. [PMID: 24930837 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview on separation of micron and submicron sized biological (cells, yeast, virus, bacteria, etc.) and nonbiological particles (latex, polystyrene, CNTs, metals, etc.) by dielectrophoresis (DEP), which finds wide applications in the field of medical and environmental science. Mathematical models to predict the electric field, flow profile, and concentration profiles of the particles under the influence of DEP force have also been covered in this review. In addition, advancements made primarily in the last decade, in the area of electrode design (shape and arrangement), new materials for electrode (carbon, silicon, polymers), and geometry of the microdevice, for efficient DEP separation of particles have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Dash
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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23
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Moncada-Hernandez H, Nagler E, Minerick AR. Theoretical and experimental examination of particle-particle interaction effects on induced dipole moments and dielectrophoretic responses of multiple particle chains. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1803-13. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Moncada-Hernandez
- Biointeractive Systems and BioMEMS; Tecnológico de Monterrey; Campus Monterrey; Monterrey N.L. México
| | - Eliot Nagler
- MD-ERL; Michigan Technological University; Houghton MI USA
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24
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LaLonde A, Gencoglu A, Romero-Creel MF, Koppula KS, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Effect of insulating posts geometry on particle manipulation in insulator based dielectrophoretic devices. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1344:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Jubery TZ, Srivastava SK, Dutta P. Dielectrophoretic separation of bioparticles in microdevices: A review. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:691-713. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talukder Z. Jubery
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Idaho; Moscow ID USA
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
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26
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Gallo-Villanueva RC, Sano MB, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Davalos RV. Joule heating effects on particle immobilization in insulator-based dielectrophoretic devices. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:352-61. [PMID: 24002905 PMCID: PMC4114348 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the temperature effects due to Joule heating obtained by application of a direct current electric potential were investigated for a microchannel with cylindrical insulating posts employed for insulator-based dielectrophoresis. The conductivity of the suspending medium, the local electric field, and the gradient of the squared electric field, which directly affect the magnitude of the dielectrophoretic force exerted on particles, were computationally simulated employing COMSOL Multiphysics. It was observed that a temperature gradient is formed along the microchannel, which redistributes the conductivity of the suspending medium leading to an increase of the dielectrophoretic force toward the inlet of the channel while decreasing toward the outlet. Experimental results are in good agreement with simulations on the particle-trapping zones anticipated. This study demonstrates the importance of considering Joule heating effects when designing insulator-based dielectrophoresis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B. Sano
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech
– Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech
– Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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27
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Bhattacharya S, Chao TC, Ariyasinghe N, Ruiz Y, Lake D, Ros R, Ros A. Selective trapping of single mammalian breast cancer cells by insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:1855-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Perez-Gonzalez VH, Ho V, Kulinsky L, Madou M, Martinez-Chapa SO. PPyDEP: a new approach to microparticle manipulation employing polymer-based electrodes. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4642-4652. [PMID: 24121252 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel approach to 3-dimensional (3D) electrode fabrication, based on electrodeposited polypyrrole (PPy), for dielectrophoresis (DEP) is described. 3D PPy electrodes with post and cage geometries were grown over planar interdigitated electrodes. Computational modelling and experimental work were carried out to assess the performance of the proposed electrode geometries. It was found that these new electrode geometries enhanced the dielectrophoretic trapping efficiency for polystyrene beads by exhibiting larger variations of the electric field and by affecting a larger volume of the fluid sample than planar electrodes. Applications of this work include, but are not limited to, environmental monitoring, food safety control, clinical analysis, and clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Perez-Gonzalez
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico.
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29
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Gencoglu A, Olney D, LaLonde A, Koppula KS, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Dynamic microparticle manipulation with an electroosmotic flow gradient in low-frequency alternating current dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:362-73. [PMID: 24166858 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of low-frequency AC insulator-based DEP (iDEP) was explored for the separation of polystyrene microparticles and yeast cells. An EOF gradient was generated by employing an asymmetrical, 20 Hz AC electrical signal in an iDEP device consisting of a microchannel with diamond-shaped insulating posts. Two types of samples were analyzed, the first sample contained three types of polystyrene particles with different diameters (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μm) and the second sample contained two types of polystyrene particles (1.0 and 2 μm) and yeast cells (6.3 μm). This particular scheme uses a tapered AC signal that allows for all particles to be trapped and concentrated at the insulating post array, as the signal becomes asymmetrical (more positive), particles are selectively released. The smallest particles in each sample were released first, since they require greater dielectrophoretic forces to remain trapped. The largest particles in each sample were released last, when the applied signal became cyclical. A dielectropherogram, which is analogous to a chromatogram, was obtained for each sample, demonstrating successful separation of the particles by showing "peaks" of the released particles. These separations were achieved at lower applied potentials than those reported in previous studies that used solely direct current electrical voltages. Additionally, mathematical modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics was carried out to estimate the magnitude of the dielectrophoretic and EOF forces acting on the particles considering the low-frequency, asymmetrical AC signal used in the experiments. The results demonstrated the potential of low-frequency AC-iDEP systems for handling and separating complex mixtures of microparticles and biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytug Gencoglu
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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30
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Reorientation of microfluidic channel enables versatile dielectrophoretic platforms for cell manipulations. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1407-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Domigan L, Andersen KB, Sasso L, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE, Gerrard JA, Castillo-León J. Dielectrophoretic manipulation and solubility of protein nanofibrils formed from crude crystallins. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1105-12. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karsten B. Andersen
- DTU-Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby; Denmark
| | | | - Maria Dimaki
- DTU-Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby; Denmark
| | - Winnie E. Svendsen
- DTU-Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby; Denmark
| | | | - Jaime Castillo-León
- DTU-Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby; Denmark
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32
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Demircan Y, Özgür E, Külah H. Dielectrophoresis: applications and future outlook in point of care. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1008-27. [PMID: 23348714 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a label free, noninvasive, stand alone, rapid, and sensitive particle manipulation and characterization technique. Improvements in micro-electro-mechanical systems technology have enabled the biomedical applications of DEP over the past decades. By this way, integration of DEP into lab-on-a-chip systems has become achievable, creating a potential tool for point-of-care (POC) systems. DEP can be utilized in many different POC applications including early detection and prognosis of various cancer types, diagnosis of infectious diseases, blood cell analysis, and stem cell therapy. However, there are still some challenges to be resolved to have DEP-based devices available in POC market. Today, researchers have focused on these challenges to have this powerful theory as a solution for many POC applications. Here, DEP theory, cell modeling, and most common device structures are introduced briefly. Next, POC applications of DEP theory, such as cell (blood, cancer, stem, and fetal) and microorganism separation, manipulation, and enrichment for diagnosis and prognosis, are explained. Integration of DEP with other detection techniques to have more sensitive systems is summarized. Finally, future outlook for DEP-based systems are discussed with some challenges, which are currently preventing these systems to be a common tool for POC applications, and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Demircan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, METU, Ankara, Turkey
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33
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Sano MB, Salmanzadeh A, Davalos RV. Multilayer contactless dielectrophoresis: Theoretical considerations. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1938-46. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Sano
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University; Blacksburg; VA; USA
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