1
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Nguyen NVT, Smadja C, Taverna M, Nguyen LTH, Descroix S, Mai TD. On-line dual-stage enrichment via magneto-extraction and electrokinetic preconcentration: A new concept and instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341141. [PMID: 37032056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the development of a new concept of on-line dual preconcentration stages for capillary electrophoresis (CE), in which two completely different preconcentration approaches can be realized in the same capillary. In the first stage, a dynamic magneto-extraction of target analytes on circulating magnetic beads is implemented within the capillary. In the second one, electrokinetic preconcentration of eluted analytes via large volume sample stacking is carried out to focus them into a nano band, prior to CE separation of enriched analytes. To implement the dual-stage preconcentration operation, a purpose-made instrument was designed, combining electrophoretic and microfluidic modules to allow precise control of the movement of magnetic beads and analyte's flow. The potential of this new enrichment principle and its associated instrument was demonstrated for CE separation with light-emitting-diode-induced fluorescent (LEDIF) detection of target double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA). The workflow consists of purification and preconcentration of a target DNA fragment (300 bp) on negatively charged magnetic beads, followed by in-capillary elution and fluorescent labelling of the enriched DNA. Large volume sample stacking of the DNA eluent was then triggered to further preconcentrate the labelled DNA before its analysis by CE-LEDIF. An enrichment factor of 125 was achieved for the target DNA fragment. With our new approach, dual-stage sample pretreatment and CE separation can now be performed in-capillary without any mismatch of working volumes, nor any waste of pretreated samples.
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2
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Yu RB, Quirino JP. Pseudophase-aided in-line sample concentration for capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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3
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Gotti R, Fiori J, Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Candela M, Franzellitti S. Assessment of bioaccumulation of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in marine mussels using capillary electrophoresis with light‐emitting diode‐induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Bhimwal R, Rustandi RR, Payne A, Dawod M. Recent advances in capillary gel electrophoresis for the analysis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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KITAGAWA F, NIIMIYA Y, NUKATSUKA I. LVSEP Analysis of Cationic Analytes in Cationic Polymer-Coating Microchannel Prepared by Vacuum-Drying Method. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2021. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2021.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko KITAGAWA
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Yuka NIIMIYA
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Isoshi NUKATSUKA
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
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6
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Mbaye AR, Foulon C, Lecoeur M. Capillary electrophoresis as a versatile tool for quality control and epidermis permeation studies of transdermal formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113732. [PMID: 33176240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis has been investigated to evaluate the performances of new transdermal formulations containing antiemetics. After optimization of the background electrolyte (sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5; 60 mM) containing 12% of ethanol (v/v)), domperidone, diphenhydramine, haloperidol, metoclopramide and promethazine were base-line resolved in 10 min. After hydrodynamic injection of the sample (0.5 psi for 7 s), the method was fully validated through the build of the accuracy profile. Trueness values ranged from -1.85 and 5.43% and relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day precision was lower than 6.20%. This method was found convenient for quality control of extemporaneous ready-to-use transdermal formulations with recoveries ranging from 91.2-107.8%. However, using hydrodynamic injection, limits of quantitation in the 0.3-2.6 μg.mL-1 range, were not low enough to evaluate the permeation rate of antimetics through epidermis. Field amplified sample injection was used to improve both sensitivity and quantitation thresholds. Several parameters (nature and concentration of the protonation agent, composition of the injected solvent, applied voltage and duration of the injection) have been optimized using a multivariate approach. In the optimized conditions, signal-to-noise ratios were improved by a 600- to 2000-fold factor, regarding the antiemetic. However, the presence of salts in the simulated body fluid solution, used as receptor medium to perform permeation kinetic study, was improper to allow the stacking effect. Therefore, a liquid-liquid extraction has been developed and applied on simulated body fluid solution. Finally, this new method has been shown strongly useful to evaluate the permeation kinetic of metoclopramide through pig epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adja Rokhaya Mbaye
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe De Recherche Sur Les Formes Injectables Et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Foulon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe De Recherche Sur Les Formes Injectables Et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marie Lecoeur
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe De Recherche Sur Les Formes Injectables Et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France.
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7
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Wang L, Cheng J, McNutt JE, Morin GB, Chen DDY. Dynamic pH barrage junction focusing of amino acids, peptides, and digested monoclonal antibodies in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1832-1842. [PMID: 32436592 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic pH barrage junction focusing in CE enables effective signal enhancement, quantitative capture efficiencies, and straightforward optimization. The method is a technical variant of dynamic pH junction focusing. CE separation with dynamic pH barrage junction focusing is compatible with both optical and mass spectrometric detection. We developed a CE-MS/MS method using hydrophilic polyethyleneimine-coated capillaries and validated it for the qualitative analysis of amino acids, peptides, and tryptic peptides of digested monoclonal antibodies. The S/N of extracted ion electropherograms of zwitterionic analytes were enhanced by approximately two orders of magnitude with a tradeoff of a shortened separation window. Online focusing improved the MS signal intensity of a diluted antibody digest, enabling more precursor ions to be analyzed with subsequent tandem mass spectrometric identification. It also broadened the concentration range of protein digest samples for which adequate sequence coverage data can be obtained. With only 0.9 ng of digested infliximab sample loaded into the capillary, 76% and 100% sequence coverage was realized for antibody heavy and light chains, respectively, after online focusing. Full coverage was achieved with 9 ng of injected digest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jianhui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie E McNutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - David D Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Gou MJ, Nys G, Cobraiville G, Demelenne A, Servais AC, Fillet M. Hyphenation of capillary zone electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis: Optimization and comparison of two coupling interfaces. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Boublík M, Riesová M, Hruška V, Šteflová J. Online preconcentration of weak electrolytes at the pH boundary induced by a system zone in capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1085:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Petkovic K, Swallow A, Stewart R, Gao Y, Li S, Glenn F, Gotama J, Dell'Olio M, Best M, Doward J, Ovendon S, Zhu Y. An Integrated Portable Multiplex Microchip Device for Fingerprinting Chemical Warfare Agents. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E617. [PMID: 31527486 PMCID: PMC6780382 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and reliable detection of chemical and biological agents in the field is important for many applications such as national security, environmental monitoring, infectious diseases screening, and so on. Current commercially available devices may suffer from low field deployability, specificity, and reproducibility, as well as a high false alarm rate. This paper reports the development of a portable lab-on-a-chip device that could address these issues. The device integrates a polymer multiplexed microchip system, a contactless conductivity detector, a data acquisition and signal processing system, and a graphic/user interface. The samples are pre-treated by an on-chip capillary electrophoresis system. The separated analytes are detected by conductivity-based microsensors. Extensive studies are carried out to achieve satisfactory reproducibility of the microchip system. Chemical warfare agents soman (GD), sarin (GB), O-ethyl S-[2-diisoproylaminoethyl] methylphsophonothioate (VX), and their degradation products have been tested on the device. It was demonstrated that the device can fingerprint the tested chemical warfare agents. In addition, the detection of ricin and metal ions in water samples was demonstrated. Such a device could be used for the rapid and sensitive on-site detection of both chemical and biological agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Stewart
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Yuan Gao
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Fiona Glenn
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Januar Gotama
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Mel Dell'Olio
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Michael Best
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Justin Doward
- DST, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Simon Ovendon
- DST, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia.
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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11
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Kitagawa F, Tanigawa-Joh K, Terashita S, Fujiki R, Nukatsuka I, Sueyoshi K, Otsuka K. On-line sample preconcentration by polarity switching in floating electrode-integrated microchannel. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2478-2483. [PMID: 30637781 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that the polarity switching was effective to enrich and separate fluorescent analytes which have weakly-dissociated groups in a floating platinum electrode (width, 50 µm; thickness, 2.5 µm)-integrated straight-channel in microchip electrophoresis (MCE). In the straight channel filled with an Alexa Flour 488 (AF488) solution, a sharp peak was observed after the polarity inversion with a 530-fold enhancement of the sensitivity relative to the conventional MCE analysis. By using a fluorescent pH indicator, we verified that a sharp high-pH zone was generated nearby the floating electrode and moved toward the anode with maintaining the high pH, which induced the sample enrichment like a dynamic pH junction mechanism. In the floating electrode-embedded channel, the mixture of AF488-labeled proteins was also well concentrated and separated within 100 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kana Tanigawa-Joh
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Terashita
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryohei Fujiki
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Isoshi Nukatsuka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Engineering, Sakai, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Srinivas PR. Introduction to Protein Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1855:23-29. [PMID: 30426403 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8793-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This chapter briefly discusses the developments in electrophoresis of proteins from Tiselius' moving-boundary electrophoresis to the modern-day two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It also touches upon the staining methods used to visualize total proteins post electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pothur R Srinivas
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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13
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Breadmore MC, Grochocki W, Kalsoom U, Alves MN, Phung SC, Rokh MT, Cabot JM, Ghiasvand A, Li F, Shallan AI, Keyon ASA, Alhusban AA, See HH, Wuethrich A, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2016-2018). Electrophoresis 2018; 40:17-39. [PMID: 30362581 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most cited limitations of capillary and microchip electrophoresis is the poor sensitivity. This review continues to update this series of biannual reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, on developments in the field of online/in-line concentration methods in capillaries and microchips, covering the period July 2016-June 2018. It includes developments in the field of stacking, covering all methods from field-amplified sample stacking and large-volume sample stacking, through to isotachophoresis, dynamic pH junction, and sweeping. Attention is also given to online or in-line extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Wojciech Grochocki
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mónica N Alves
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Joan M Cabot
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Aliaa I Shallan
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aemi S Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ala A Alhusban
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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14
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Tůma P, Bursová M, Sommerová B, Horsley R, Čabala R, Hložek T. Novel electrophoretic acetonitrile-based stacking for sensitive monitoring of the antiepileptic drug perampanel in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:368-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Optimization of dynamic pH barrage junction focusing for weakly alkaline or zwitterionic analytes in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Olędzka I, Kowalski P, Plenis A, Miękus N, Grabow N, Eickner T, Bączek T. Simultaneous electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection and sequential stacking featuring sweeping for signal amplification following MEKC during the analysis of rapamycin (sirolimus) in serum samples. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2590-2597. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Natalia Miękus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology; Faculty of Biology; University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Niels Grabow
- University Medical Center Rostock; Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Rostock Germany
| | - Thomas Eickner
- University Medical Center Rostock; Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Rostock Germany
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
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17
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Ma H, Li J, Yu H, Li Z, Gao XM, Chang YX. The microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography combined with reversed-electrode polarity stacking mode for enriching and quantifying lignanoids and ginsenosides in TCMs preparation Shengmai injection. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2439-2445. [PMID: 30027576 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An on-line large volume sample stacking with polarity switching (LVSS) method was proposed for simultaneously determining lignanoids and ginsenosides in MEEKC. The parameters including the pH value and concentration of buffer solution, SDS, organic modifier, oil phase, running voltage, and temperature as well as injection time, sample matrix, stacking voltage, and time influencing separation and stacking were systematically optimized. The method was verified by performing precision, accuracy, stability, and recovery. Its reliability was proved by separating and quantifying two lignanoids and three ginsenosides in Shengmai injectionSMI. The sensitivity of these compounds was improved by MEEKC-LVSS method for 6-11 times than conventional MEEKC. Thus, this developed on-line MEEKC-LVSS method was sensitive, practical, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
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18
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Boublík M, Riesová M, Dubský P, Gaš B. Enhancement of the conductivity detection signal in capillary electrophoresis systems using neutral cyclodextrins as sweeping agents. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1390-1398. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Boublík
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martina Riesová
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dubský
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Gaš
- Faculty of Science; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
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19
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Tůma P, Heneberg P, Vaculín Š, Koval D. Electrophoretic large volume sample stacking for sensitive determination of the anti-microbial agent pentamidine in rat plasma for pharmacological studies. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2605-2611. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene; Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czechia
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czechia
| | - Šimon Vaculín
- Department of Normal; Pathological and Clinical Physiology; Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czechia
| | - Dušan Koval
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechia
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20
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Yao Y, Zhou L, Li M, Guo X. The cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of chlorpheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 148:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ha NS, Sadeghi S, van Dam RM. Recent Progress toward Microfluidic Quality Control Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E337. [PMID: 30400527 PMCID: PMC6190332 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short-lived positron-emitting or gamma-emitting isotopes are injected into patients just prior to performing positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission tomography (SPECT) scans, respectively. These imaging modalities are widely used in clinical care, as well as in the development and evaluation of new therapies in clinical research. Prior to injection, these radiopharmaceuticals (tracers) must undergo quality control (QC) testing to ensure product purity, identity, and safety for human use. Quality tests can be broadly categorized as (i) pharmaceutical tests, needed to ensure molecular identity, physiological compatibility and that no microbiological, pyrogenic, chemical, or particulate contamination is present in the final preparation; and (ii) radioactive tests, needed to ensure proper dosing and that there are no radiochemical and radionuclidic impurities that could interfere with the biodistribution or imaging. Performing the required QC tests is cumbersome and time-consuming, and requires an array of expensive analytical chemistry equipment and significant dedicated lab space. Calibrations, day of use tests, and documentation create an additional burden. Furthermore, in contrast to ordinary pharmaceuticals, each batch of short-lived radiopharmaceuticals must be manufactured and tested within a short period of time to avoid significant losses due to radioactive decay. To meet these challenges, several efforts are underway to develop integrated QC testing instruments that automatically perform and document all of the required tests. More recently, microfluidic quality control systems have been gaining increasing attention due to vastly reduced sample and reagent consumption, shorter analysis times, higher detection sensitivity, increased multiplexing, and reduced instrumentation size. In this review, we describe each of the required QC tests and conventional testing methods, followed by a discussion of efforts to directly miniaturize the test or examples in the literature that could be implemented for miniaturized QC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel S Ha
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Interinstrumental Transfer of a Chiral Capillary Electrophoretic Method: The Use of Robustness Test Information to Overcome Differences in Detector and Data-Handling Specifications. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Lu Y, Hou X, Wang D, Zhong H. Advances of a capillary electrophoretic on-line concentration technique: Electrokinetic supercharging. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1330756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lu
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - X. Hou
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Dezhou People’s Hospital, Dezhou, P. R. China
| | - D. Wang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
| | - H. Zhong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
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24
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Crevillén AG, de Frutos M, Diez-Masa JC. On-chip single column transient isotachophoresis with free zone electrophoresis for preconcentration and separation of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Novel volumetric method for highly repeatable injection in microchip electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:129-140. [PMID: 28864183 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel injector for microchip electrophoresis (MCE) has been designed and evaluated that achieves very high repeatability of injection volume suitable for quantitative analysis. It eliminates the injection biases in electrokinetic injection and the dependence on pressure and sample properties in hydrodynamic injection. The microfluidic injector, made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), operates similarly to an HPLC injection valve. It contains a channel segment (chamber) with a well-defined volume that serves as an "injection loop". Using on-chip microvalves, the chamber can be connected to the sample source during the "loading" step, and to the CE separation channel during the "injection" step. Once the valves are opened in the second state, electrophoretic potential is applied to separate the sample. For evaluation and demonstration purposes, the microinjector was connected to a 75 μm ID capillary and UV absorbance detector. For single compounds, a relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area as low as 1.04% (n = 11) was obtained, and for compound mixtures, RSD as low as 0.40% (n = 4) was observed. Using the same microchip, the performance of this new injection technique was compared to hydrodynamic injection and found to have improved repeatability and less dependence on sample viscosity. Furthermore, a non-radioactive version of the positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging probe, FLT, was successfully separated from its known 3 structurally-similar byproducts with baseline resolution, demonstrating the potential for rapid, quantitative analysis of impurities to ensure the safety of batches of short-lived radiotracers. Both the separation efficiency and injection repeatability were found to be substantially higher when using the novel volumetric injection approach compared to electrokinetic injection (performed in the same chip). This novel microinjector provides a straightforward way to improve the performance of hydrodynamic injection and enables extremely repeatable sample volume injection in MCE. It could be used in any MCE application where volume repeatability is needed, including the quantitation of impurities in pharmaceutical or radiopharmaceutical samples.
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26
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Sanuki R, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Double Sweeping: Highly Effective Sample Preconcentration Using Cationic and Anionic Micelles and Its Application to a Multiple Enzyme Activity Assay. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6505-6512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sanuki
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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27
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Dawod M, Arvin NE, Kennedy RT. Recent advances in protein analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Analyst 2017; 142:1847-1866. [PMID: 28470231 PMCID: PMC5516626 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review article describes the significant recent advances in the analysis of proteins by capillary and microchip electrophoresis during the period from mid-2014 to early 2017. This review highlights the progressions, new methodologies, innovative instrumental modifications, and challenges for efficient protein analysis in human specimens, animal tissues, and plant samples. The protein analysis fields covered in this review include analysis of native, reduced, and denatured proteins in addition to Western blotting, protein therapeutics and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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28
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Kitagawa F, Ishiguro T, Tateyama M, Nukatsuka I, Sueyoshi K, Kawai T, Otsuka K. Combination of large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump with field-amplified sample injection on cross-channel chips. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2075-2080. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Aomori Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Aomori Japan
| | - Misaki Tateyama
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Aomori Japan
| | - Isoshi Nukatsuka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Aomori Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice Unit; Quantitative Biology Center; Hyogo Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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29
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Khoshmanesh K, Tang SY, Zhu JY, Schaefer S, Mitchell A, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Dickey MD. Liquid metal enabled microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:974-993. [PMID: 28225135 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Several gallium-based liquid metal alloys are liquid at room temperature. As 'liquid', such alloys have a low viscosity and a high surface tension while as 'metal', they have high thermal and electrical conductivities, similar to mercury. However, unlike mercury, these liquid metal alloys have low toxicity and a negligible vapor pressure, rendering them much safer. In comparison to mercury, the distinguishing feature of these alloys is the rapid formation of a self-limiting atomically thin layer of gallium oxide over their surface when exposed to oxygen. This oxide layer changes many physical and chemical properties of gallium alloys, including their interfacial and rheological properties, which can be employed and modulated for various applications in microfluidics. Injecting liquid metal into microfluidic structures has been extensively used to pattern and encapsulate highly deformable and reconfigurable electronic devices including electrodes, sensors, antennas, and interconnects. Likewise, the unique features of liquid metals have been employed for fabricating miniaturized microfluidic components including pumps, valves, heaters, and electrodes. In this review, we discuss liquid metal enabled microfluidic components, and highlight their desirable attributes including simple fabrication, facile integration, stretchability, reconfigurability, and low power consumption, with promising applications for highly integrated microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jiu Yang Zhu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Samira Schaefer
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Reutlingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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30
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Ouyang L, Liu Q, Liang H. Combining field-amplified sample stacking with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis on a paper chip for the preconcentration and separation of metal ions. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:789-797. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Ouyang
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Heng Liang
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
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31
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Integration of the free liquid membrane into electrokinetic supercharging – capillary electrophoresis for the determination of cationic herbicides in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1481:145-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Blackney DM, Foley JP. Dual-opposite injection capillary electrophoresis: Principles and misconceptions. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:607-616. [PMID: 27859385 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dual-opposite injection capillary electrophoresis (DOI-CE) is a separation technique that utilizes both ends of the capillary for sample introduction. The electroosmotic flow (EOF) is suppressed to allow all ions to reach the detector quickly. Depending on the individual electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes of interest and the effective length that each analyte travels to the detection window, the elution order of analytes in a DOI-CE separation can vary widely. This review discusses the principles, applications, and limitations of dual-opposite injection capillary electrophoresis. Common misconceptions regarding DOI-CE are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Blackney
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joe P Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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33
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Breadmore MC, Wuethrich A, Li F, Phung SC, Kalsoom U, Cabot JM, Tehranirokh M, Shallan AI, Abdul Keyon AS, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2014–2016). Electrophoresis 2016; 38:33-59. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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34
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A Novel Automated Online SPE-Coupled CE System for the Analysis of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Wastewater. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Analysis of proteins and peptides by electromigration methods in microchips. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:228-250. [PMID: 27704694 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the developments and applications of microchip electromigration methods in the separation and analysis of peptides and proteins in the period 2011-mid-2016. The developments in sample preparation and preconcentration, microchannel material, and surface treatment are described. Separations by various microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in free and sieving media, affinity electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) are demonstrated. Advances in detection methods are reported and novel applications in the areas of proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices, and determination of physicochemical parameters are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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36
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Kitagawa F, Kinami S, Takegawa Y, Nukatsuka I, Sueyoshi K, Kawai T, Otsuka K. On-line coupling of sample preconcentration by LVSEP with gel electrophoretic separation on T-channel chips. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:380-386. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Saeko Kinami
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuuki Takegawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Isoshi Nukatsuka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Engineering; Sakai Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice Unit; Quantitative Biology Center; RIKEN, Suita Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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37
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Thang LY, Breadmore MC, See HH. Electrokinetic supercharging in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for online preconcentration and determination of tamoxifen and its metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1461:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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38
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Cheng H, Liu J, Xu Z, Wang Y, Ye M. Improving sensitivity for microchip electrophoresis interfaced with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using parallel multichannel separation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1461:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Li F, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Nanoporous Membranes for Microfluidic Concentration Prior to Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins in Urine. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8257-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- School
of Medicine and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- School
of Medicine and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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40
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Bessonova EA, Kartsova LA, Gallyamova VF. Effect of 3-methyl-1-cetylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid on the electrophoretic preconcentration of steroid hormones. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816070042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Mai TD, Oukacine F, Taverna M. Multiple capillary isotachophoresis with repetitive hydrodynamic injections for performance improvement of the electromigration preconcentration. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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42
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Kammeijer GSM, Kohler I, Jansen BC, Hensbergen PJ, Mayboroda OA, Falck D, Wuhrer M. Dopant Enriched Nitrogen Gas Combined with Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Improved Sensitivity and Repeatability in Glycopeptide Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5849-56. [PMID: 27119460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years, numerous strategies have been proposed to enhance both ionization efficiency and spray stability in electrospray ionization (ESI), in particular for nanospray applications. In nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS), a better ESI performance has been observed when a coaxial gas flow is added around the ESI emitter. Moreover, enrichment of the gas with an organic dopant has led to an improved desolvation and ionization efficiency with an overall enhanced sensitivity. In this study, the use of a dopant enriched nitrogen (DEN)-gas combined with sheathless capillary electrophoresis (CE)-ESI-MS was evaluated for glycopeptide analysis. Using acetonitrile as a dopant, an increased sensitivity was observed compared to conventional sheathless CE-ESI-MS. Up to 25-fold higher sensitivities for model glycopeptides were obtained, allowing for limits of detection unachieved by state-of-the-art nano-LC-ESI-MS. The effect of DEN-gas on the repeatability and intermediate precision was also investigated. When compared to previously reported nano-LC-ESI-MS measurements, similar values were found for CE-ESI-MS with DEN-gas. The enhanced repeatability fosters the use of DEN-gas sheathless CE-ESI-MS in protein glycosylation analysis, where precision is essential. The use of DEN-gas opens new avenues for highly sensitive sheathless CE-ESI-MS approaches in glycoproteomics research, by significantly improving sensitivity and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere S M Kammeijer
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C Jansen
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center , Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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El-Hady DA, Albishri HM, Wätzig H. Ionic liquids in enhancing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis: Off-line and on-line sample preconcentration techniques. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1609-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deia Abd El-Hady
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Albishri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
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44
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The use of polarity switching for the sensitive determination of nitrate in human cerebrospinal fluid by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis (2013-2015). Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1591-608. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Exploring Gradients in Electrophoretic Separation and Preconcentration on Miniaturized Devices. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Wang L, MacDonald D, Huang X, Chen DDY. Capture efficiency of dynamic pH junction focusing in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1143-50. [PMID: 26949078 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic pH junction is one of the techniques used to overcome the issue of poor concentration sensitivity in CE. By introducing a long sample plug in the capillary and focusing the target molecules at the pH boundary between the sample plug and background electrolyte, this focusing technique can achieve a detection limit that is one to two orders of magnitude better than conventional CE. For quantification purposes, the capturing efficiency of the injected molecules should be scrutinized. Focusing of all target molecules inside the sample plug is desired to ensure good linearity across the whole dynamic range. To test the theoretical prediction with a real experiment, nicotine is used as the test molecule for two types of dynamic pH junctions. The first one is with acidic background electrolyte, and can accommodate both optical detection methods and positive-ion mode mass spectrometric detection, while the other is suitable for optical detection only due to the use of basic separation background electrolyte. With a theoretical simulation study, it is demonstrated that, for either of these dynamic pH junctions, focusing of at least 95% of target molecule injected into the capillary was easily achievable. More importantly, a longer sample plug could generate a high percentage of molecules captured by dynamic pH junction focusing. Sharp, symmetrical peaks and good linearity for calibration curve can be obtained. Real samples with complex matrixes were also used to demonstrate that nicotine can be selectively focused and quantified using CE-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David MacDonald
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing P. R., China
| | - David D Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing P. R., China
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48
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Liu J, Tian J, Li J, Azietaku JT, Zhang BL, Gao XM, Chang YX. The in-capillary DPPH-capillary electrophoresis-the diode array detector combined with reversed-electrode polarity stacking mode for screening and quantifying major antioxidants inCuscuta chinensisLam. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1632-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Ji Tian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - John Teye Azietaku
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Bo-li Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Xiu-mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
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49
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Wei JC, Hu J, Cao JL, Wan JB, He CW, Hu YJ, Hu H, Li P. Sensitive Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Medicinal Plants Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Sweeping Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:932-940. [PMID: 26758524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and sensitive method using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) has been developed for the determination of nine organophosphorus pesticides (chlorfenvinphos, parathion, quinalphos, fenitrothion, azinphos-ethyl, parathion-methyl, fensulfothion, methidathion, and paraoxon). The important parameters that affect the UA-DLLME and sweeping efficiency were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method provided 779.0-6203.5-fold enrichment of the nine pesticides compared to the normal MEKC method. The limits of detection ranged from 0.002 to 0.008 mg kg(-1). The relative standard deviations of the peak area ranged from 1.2 to 6.5%, indicating the good repeatability of the method. Finally, the developed UA-DLLME-sweeping-MEKC method has been successfully applied to the analysis of the investigated pesticides in several medicinal plants, including Lycium chinense, Dioscorea opposite, Codonopsis pilosula, and Panax ginseng, indicating that this method is suitable for the determination of trace pesticide residues in real samples with complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
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50
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Wu H, Wu F, He C, Wang B, Wu Y, Ren Z. An electrochemical bifunctional sensor for the detection of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide based on layer-by-layer multilayer films of cationic phthalocyanine cobalt(ii) and carbon nanotubes. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1310-1317. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binder-free multilayer films composed of phthalocyanine and carbon nanotubes were constructed by the layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly and applied for the electrochemical detection of NO2− and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
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