1
|
Szuba A, Marczak Ł, Kozłowski R. Role of the proteome in providing phenotypic stability in control and ectomycorrhizal poplar plants exposed to chronic mild Pb stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114585. [PMID: 32387672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a dangerous pollutant that accumulates in plant tissues and causes serious damage to plant cell macromolecules. However, plants have evolved numerous tolerance mechanisms, including ectomycorrhizae, to maintain cellular Pb2+ at the lowest possible level. When those mechanisms are successful, Pb-exposed plants should exhibit no negative phenotypic changes. However, actual molecular-level plant adjustments at Pb concentrations below the toxicity threshold are largely unknown, similar to the molecular effects of protective ectomycorrhizal root colonization. In this study, we (1) determined the molecular adjustments in plants exposed to Pb but without visible Pb stress symptoms and (2) examined ectomycorrhizal root colonization (the role of fungal biofilters) with respect to molecular-level Pb perception by plant root cells. Biochemical, microscopic, proteomic and metabolomic studies were performed to determine the molecular status of Populus × canescens microcuttings grown in agar medium enriched with 0.75 mM Pb(NO3)2. Noninoculated and inoculated with Paxillus involutus poplars were analyzed in two independent comparisons of the corresponding control and Pb treatments. After six weeks of growth, Pb caused no negative phenotypic effects. No Pb-exposed poplar showed impaired growth or decreased leaf pigmentation. Proteomic signals of intensified Pb sequestration in the plant cell wall and vacuoles, cytoskeleton modifications, H+-ATPase-14-3-3 interactions, and stabilization of protein turnover in chronically Pb-exposed plants co-occurred with high metabolomic stability. There were no differentially abundant root primary metabolites; only a few differentially abundant root secondary metabolites and no Pb-triggered ROS burst were observed. Our results strongly suggest that proteome adjustments targeting Pb sequestration and ROS scavenging, which are considerably similar but less intensive in ectomycorrhizal poplars than in control poplars due to the P. involutus biofilter (as confirmed in a mineral study), were responsible for the metabolomic and phenotypic stability of poplars exposed to chronic mild Pb stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Kozłowski
- Institute of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Universytecka 7, 24-406, Kielce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wojciechowska N, Marzec-Schmidt K, Kalemba EM, Ludwików A, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Seasonal senescence of leaves and roots of Populus trichocarpa-is the scenario the same or different? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:987-1000. [PMID: 32091108 PMCID: PMC7392034 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The remobilization and resorption of plant nutrients is considered as a crucial aspect of the seasonal senescence of plant organs. In leaves, the mechanisms responsible for the relocation of valuable compounds are well understood while the related processes in roots are still being debated. Some research indicates that remobilization in roots occurs, while other studies have not found evidence of this process. Considering that the total biomass of fine roots is equal to or greater than that of leaves, clarifying the conflicting reports and ambiguities may provide critical information on the circulation of chemical elements in forest ecosystems. This study provides new information concerning the basis for remobilization processes in roots by combining physiological data with gene expression and protein levels. We suggest that, as in leaves, molecular mechanisms involved in nitrogen (N) resorption are also activated in senescent roots. An analysis of N concentration indicated that N levels decreased during the senescence of both organs. The decrease was associated with an increase in the expression of a glutamine synthetase (GS) gene and a concomitant elevation in the amount of GS-one of the most important enzymes in N metabolism. In addition, significant accumulation of carbohydrates was observed in fine roots, which may represent an adaptation to unfavorable weather conditions that would allow remobilization to occur rather than a rapid death in response to ground frost or cold. Our results provide new insights into the senescence of plant organs and clarify contentious topics related to the remobilization process in fine roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa M Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwików
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szuba A, Marczak Ł, Ratajczak I, Kasprowicz-Maluśki A, Mucha J. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed molecular adjustments in Populus × canescens colonized with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus, which limited plant host growth. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3754-3771. [PMID: 32608104 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizae (ECMs) are a highly context-dependent interactions that are not always beneficial for the plant host, sometimes leading to a decrease in plant growth. However, the molecular status of these plants remains unknown. We studied Populus × canescens microcuttings characterized by impaired growth in response to colonization by a Paxillus involutus strain via integrative proteomics-metabolomics analyses. The analysed strain was characterized by low compatibility and formed only mantles, not a Hartig net, in the majority of root tips. The increased abundance of photosynthetic proteins and foliar carbohydrates co-occurred with signals of intensified resource exchange via the stems of colonized plants. In the roots, intensified C metabolism resulted in the biosynthesis of secondary C compounds unavailable to the fungal partner but also C skeletons necessary to increase insufficient N uptake from the hyphae. The stress response was also detected in colonized plants but was similar to that reported previously during mutualistic ECM interactions. In colonized poplar plants, mechanisms to prevent imbalanced C/N trade-offs were activated. Root metabolism strongly depended on features of the whole plant, especially the foliar C/N budget. However, despite ECM-triggered growth impairment and the foliar nutrient status, the fungal partner was recognized to be a symbiotic partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, PL-62035, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań, PL-61704, Poland
| | - Izabela Ratajczak
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań, PL-60625, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Mucha
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, PL-62035, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Szuba A, Marczak Ł, Karliński L, Mucha J, Tomaszewski D. Regulation of the leaf proteome by inoculation of Populus × canescens with two Paxillus involutus isolates differing in root colonization rates. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:503-517. [PMID: 31456074 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During ectomycorrhizal symbioses, up to 30% of the carbon produced in leaves may be translocated to the fungal partner. Given that the leaf response to root colonization is largely unknown, we performed a leaf proteome analysis of Populus × canescens inoculated in vitro with two isolates of Paxillus involutus significantly differing in root colonization rates (65 ± 7% vs 14 ± 7%), together with plant growth and leaf biochemistry analyses to determine the response of plant leaves to ectomycorrhizal root colonization. The isolate that more efficiently colonized roots (isolate H) affected 9.1% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants. Simultaneously, ectomycorrhiza in isolate H-inoculated plants led to improved plant growth and an increased abundance of leaf proteins involved in protein turnover, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis. The protein increment was also correlated with increases in chlorophyll, foliar carbon, and carbohydrate contents. Although inoculation of P. × canescens roots with the other P. involutus isolate (isolate L, characterized by a low root colonization ratio) affected 6.8% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants, most proteins were downregulated. The proteomic signals of increased carbohydrate biosynthesis were not detected, and carbohydrate, carbon, and leaf pigment levels and plant biomass did not differ from the noninoculated plants. Our results revealed that the upregulation of the photosynthetic protein abundance and levels of leaf carbohydrate are positively related to rates of root colonization. Upregulation of photosynthetic proteins, chlorophyll, and leaf carbohydrate levels in ectomycorrhizal plants was positively related to root colonization rates and resulted in increased carbon translocation and sequestration underground.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Leszek Karliński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Dominik Tomaszewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wojciechowska N, Marzec-Schmidt K, Kalemba EM, Zarzyńska-Nowak A, Jagodziński AM, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Autophagy counteracts instantaneous cell death during seasonal senescence of the fine roots and leaves in Populus trichocarpa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:260. [PMID: 30373512 PMCID: PMC6206944 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence, despite its destructive character, is a process that is precisely-regulated. The control of senescence is required to achieve remobilization of resources, a principle aspect of senescence. Remobilization allows plants to recapture valuable resources that would otherwise be lost to the environment with the senescing organ. Autophagy is one of the critical processes that is switched on during senescence. This evolutionarily conserved process plays dual, antagonistic roles. On the one hand, it counteracts instantaneous cell death and allows the process of remobilization to be set in motion, while on the other hand, it participates in the degradation of cellular components. Autophagy has been demonstrated to occur in many plant species during the senescence of leaves and flower petals. Little is known, however, about the senescence process in other ephemeral organs, such as fine roots, whose lifespan is also relatively short. We hypothesized that, like the case of seasonal leaf senescence, autophagy also plays a role in the senescence of fine roots, and that both processes are synchronized in their timing. RESULTS We evaluated which morphological and cytological symptoms are universal or unique in the senescence of fine roots and leaves. The results of our study confirmed that autophagy plays a key role in the senescence of fine roots, and is associated also with the process of cellular components degradation. In both organs, structures related to autophagy were observed, such as autophagic bodies and autophagosomes. The role of autophagy in the senescence of these plant organs was further confirmed by an analysis of ATG gene expression and protein detection. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first one to examine molecular mechanisms associated with the senescence of fine roots, and provide evidence that can be used to determine whether senescence of fine roots can be treated as another example of developmentally programmed cell death (dPCD). Our results indicate that there is a strong similarity between the senescence of fine roots and other ephemeral organs, suggesting that this process occurs by the same autophagy-related mechanisms in all plant ephemeral organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa M Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zarzyńska-Nowak
- Department of Virusology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection, Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej M Jagodziński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szuba A, Lorenc-Plucińska G. Field proteomics of Populus alba grown in a heavily modified environment - An example of a tannery waste landfill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1557-1571. [PMID: 28712470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tannery waste is highly toxic and dangerous to living organisms because of the high heavy metal content, especially chromium [Cr(III)]. This study analysed the proteomic response of the Populus alba L. clone 'Villafranca' grown for 4years on a tannery waste landfill. In this extremely hostile environment, the plants struggled with continuous stress, which inhibited growth by 54%, with a 67% decrease in tree height and diameter at breast height compared to those of the forest reference plot, respectively. The leaves and roots of the tannery landfill-grown plants produced strong proteomic stress signals for protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and repair to ROS-damaged proteins and DNA as well as signals for protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. The content of HSP80 was also high. However, primary metabolic pathways were generally unaffected, and signals of increased protein protection, but not turnover, were found, indicating mechanisms of adaptation to long-term stress conditions present at the landfill. A proteomic tool, two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, was successfully applied in this environmental in situ study of distant plots (280km apart).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions — A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. J Proteomics 2015; 126:200-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|