1
|
Maitra P, Hrynkiewicz K, Szuba A, Jagodziński AM, Al-Rashid J, Mandal D, Mucha J. Metabolic niches in the rhizosphere microbiome: dependence on soil horizons, root traits and climate variables in forest ecosystems. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1344205. [PMID: 38645395 PMCID: PMC11026606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1344205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding belowground plant-microbial interactions is important for biodiversity maintenance, community assembly and ecosystem functioning of forest ecosystems. Consequently, a large number of studies were conducted on root and microbial interactions, especially in the context of precipitation and temperature gradients under global climate change scenarios. Forests ecosystems have high biodiversity of plants and associated microbes, and contribute to major primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of root metabolites/exudates and root traits on soil microbial functional groups along these climate gradients is poorly described in these forest ecosystems. The plant root system exhibits differentiated exudation profiles and considerable trait plasticity in terms of root morphological/phenotypic traits, which can cause shifts in microbial abundance and diversity. The root metabolites composed of primary and secondary metabolites and volatile organic compounds that have diverse roles in appealing to and preventing distinct microbial strains, thus benefit plant fitness and growth, and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought. Climatic factors significantly alter the quantity and quality of metabolites that forest trees secrete into the soil. Thus, the heterogeneities in the rhizosphere due to different climate drivers generate ecological niches for various microbial assemblages to foster beneficial rhizospheric interactions in the forest ecosystems. However, the root exudations and microbial diversity in forest trees vary across different soil layers due to alterations in root system architecture, soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient stoichiometry. Changes in root system architecture or traits, e.g. root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), and specific root area (SRA), impact the root exudation profile and amount released into the soil and thus influence the abundance and diversity of different functional guilds of microbes. Here, we review the current knowledge about root morphological and functional (root exudation) trait changes that affect microbial interactions along drought and temperature gradients. This review aims to clarify how forest trees adapt to challenging environments by leveraging their root traits to interact beneficially with microbes. Understanding these strategies is vital for comprehending plant adaptation under global climate change, with significant implications for future research in plant biodiversity conservation, particularly within forest ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Maitra
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szuba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Andrzej M. Jagodziński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jubair Al-Rashid
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Dipa Mandal
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Forest Entomology and Pathology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kościelniak P, Glazińska P, Kęsy J, Mucha J, Zadworny M. Identification of genetics and hormonal factors involved in Quercus robur root growth regulation in different cultivation system. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:123. [PMID: 38373900 PMCID: PMC10877882 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular processes and hormonal signals that govern root growth is of paramount importance for effective forest management. While Arabidopsis studies have shed light on the role of the primary root in root system development, the structure of root systems in trees is considerably more intricate, posing challenges to comprehend taproot growth in acorn-sown and nursery-cultivated seedlings. In this study, we investigated Quercus robur seedlings using rhizotrons, containers, and transplanted containers to rhizotrons, aiming to unravel the impact of forest nursery practices on processes governing taproot growth and root system development. Root samples were subjected to RNA-seq analysis to identify gene expression patterns and perform differential gene expression and phytohormone analysis. Among studied cultivation systems, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited significant diversity, where the number of co-occurring DEGs among cultivation systems was significantly smaller than the number of unique DEGs in different cultivation systems. Moreover, the results imply that container cultivation triggers the activation of several genes associated with linolenic acid and peptide synthesis in root growth. Upon transplantation from containers to rhizotrons, rapid enhancement in gene expression occurs, followed by gradual reduction as root growth progresses, ultimately reaching a similar expression pattern as observed in the taproot of rhizotron-cultivated seedlings. Phytohormone analysis revealed that taproot growth patterns under different cultivation systems are regulated by the interplay between auxin and cytokinin concentrations. Moreover, the diversification of hormone levels within the root zone and cultivation systems allows for taproot growth inhibition and prompt recovery in transplanted seedlings. Our study highlights the crucial role of hormone interactions during the early stages of taproot elongation, influencing root system formation across.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kościelniak
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Paulina Glazińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek Kęsy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zadworny M, Mucha J, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Żytkowiak R, Mąderek E, Danusevičius D, Oleksyn J, Wyka TP, McCormack ML. Higher biomass partitioning to absorptive roots improves needle nutrition but does not alleviate stomatal limitation of northern Scots pine. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:3859-3869. [PMID: 33934467 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harsh environmental conditions affect both leaf structure and root traits. However, shoot growth in high-latitude systems is predominately under photoperiod control while root growth may occur for as long as thermal conditions are favorable. The different sensitivities of these organs may alter functional relationships above- and belowground along environmental gradients. We examined the relationship between absorptive root and foliar traits of Scots pine trees growing in situ along a temperate-boreal transect and in trees grown in a long-term common garden at a temperate latitude. We related changes in foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, specific leaf area, needle mass and 13 C signatures to geographic trends in absorptive root biomass to better understand patterns of altered tree nutrition and water balance. Increased allocation to absorptive fine roots was associated with greater uptake of soil nutrients and subsequently higher needle nutrient contents in the northern provenances compared with more southern provenances when grown together in a common garden setting. In contrast, the leaf δ13 C in northern and southern provenances were similar within the common garden suggesting that higher absorptive root biomass fractions could not adequately increase water supply in warmer climates. These results highlight the importance of allocation within the fine-root system and its impacts on needle nutrition while also suggesting increasing stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in the context of anticipated climatic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Ewa Mąderek
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Darius Danusevičius
- Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wyka
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lekka DE, Brucknerova J, Salingova A, Sebova C, Ostrozlikova M, Ziburova J, Nemcovic M, Sestak S, Bellova J, Pakanova Z, Sivakova B, Skoknova M, Bzduch V, Mucha J, Barath P, Brucknerova I. Congenital disorders of glycosylation - an umbrella term for rapidly expanding group of rare genetic metabolic disorders - importance of physical investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 122:190-195. [PMID: 33618527 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2021_030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) belong to an expanding group of rare genetic metabolic disorders caused by defects in the complex chemical enzymatic process of glycosylation. The study is aimed at presenting a case report of a premature dysmorphic newborn, clinical presentation of the condition, the way it was diagnosed and treated, as well as its comparison with the known cases. RESULTS The result of glycan analysis supports the assumption of a supposed glycosylation disorder and also specifies a specific subtype: CDG-1, subtype ALG12-CDG (Ig). CONCLUSION CDG have an extremely wide clinical spectrum and should be considered in any child with unexplained developmental delay, failure to thrive, seizures, and abnormalities in liver enzymes, coagulation and immunologic factors. The treatment of most forms of CDG depends upon numerous factors such as specific symptoms present, severity of the disorder, age and overall health of the patients and tolerance to certain medications or procedures. For these reasons, the treatment is specific for every individual. It is based on the symptoms and requires a coordination of efforts of a team of specialists (Tab. 4, Fig. 3, Ref. 19).
Collapse
|
5
|
Oleksyn J, Wyka TP, Żytkowiak R, Zadworny M, Mucha J, Dering M, Ufnalski K, Nihlgård B, Reich PB. Cover Image. Ecol Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Oleksyn J, Wyka TP, Żytkowiak R, Zadworny M, Mucha J, Dering M, Ufnalski K, Nihlgård B, Reich PB. A fingerprint of climate change across pine forests of Sweden. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1739-1746. [PMID: 32856759 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Climate change has likely altered high-latitude forests globally, but direct evidence remains rare. Here we show that throughout a ≈1000-km transect in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in Sweden, mature trees in ≈2015 had longer needles with shorter lifetimes than did trees in ≈1915. These century-scale shifts in needle traits were detected by sampling needles at 74 sites from 2012 to 2017 along the same transect where needle traits had been assessed at 57 sites in 1914-1915. Climate warming of ≈1 °C all along the transect in the past century has driven this temporal shift in foliage traits known to be physiologically critical to growth and carbon cycling processes. These century-scale changes in Scandinavian Scots pine forests represent a fingerprint of climate change on a fundamental biological element, the leaf, with repercussions for productivity and sensitivity to future climate, which are likely to be mirrored by similar changes for evergreen conifers across the boreal biome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wyka
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Monika Dering
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ufnalski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Szuba A, Marczak Ł, Ratajczak I, Kasprowicz-Maluśki A, Mucha J. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed molecular adjustments in Populus × canescens colonized with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus, which limited plant host growth. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3754-3771. [PMID: 32608104 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizae (ECMs) are a highly context-dependent interactions that are not always beneficial for the plant host, sometimes leading to a decrease in plant growth. However, the molecular status of these plants remains unknown. We studied Populus × canescens microcuttings characterized by impaired growth in response to colonization by a Paxillus involutus strain via integrative proteomics-metabolomics analyses. The analysed strain was characterized by low compatibility and formed only mantles, not a Hartig net, in the majority of root tips. The increased abundance of photosynthetic proteins and foliar carbohydrates co-occurred with signals of intensified resource exchange via the stems of colonized plants. In the roots, intensified C metabolism resulted in the biosynthesis of secondary C compounds unavailable to the fungal partner but also C skeletons necessary to increase insufficient N uptake from the hyphae. The stress response was also detected in colonized plants but was similar to that reported previously during mutualistic ECM interactions. In colonized poplar plants, mechanisms to prevent imbalanced C/N trade-offs were activated. Root metabolism strongly depended on features of the whole plant, especially the foliar C/N budget. However, despite ECM-triggered growth impairment and the foliar nutrient status, the fungal partner was recognized to be a symbiotic partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, PL-62035, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań, PL-61704, Poland
| | - Izabela Ratajczak
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań, PL-60625, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Mucha
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, PL-62035, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bujak JK, Szopa IM, Pingwara R, Kruczyk O, Krzemińska N, Mucha J, Majchrzak-Kuligowska K. The Expression of Selected Factors Related to T Lymphocyte Activity in Canine Mammary Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2292. [PMID: 32225066 PMCID: PMC7178106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between neoplastic and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences the progression of disease in human and canine cancer patients. Given that canine mammary tumors are a useful model to study breast cancer biology, we aimed to evaluate the expression of genes associated with T lymphocyte activity in benign, malignant, and metastatic canine mammary tumors. Interestingly, metastatic tumors exhibit increased expression of CXCR3, CCR2, IL-4, IL-12p40, and IL-17. In particular, we focused on IL-17, a key interleukin associated with the Th17 lymphocyte phenotype. Th17 cells have been shown to play a contradictory role in tumor immunity. Although IL-17 showed a high expression in the metastatic tumors, the expression of RORγt, a crucial transcription factor for Th17 differentiation was barely detected. We further investigated IL-17 expression using immunohistochemistry, through which we confirmed the increased expression of this interleukin in malignant and metastatic mammary tumors. Finally, we compared the plasma levels of IL-17 in healthy and malignant mammary tumor-bearing dogs using ELISA but found no differences between the groups. Our data indicate that the IL-17 in metastatic tumors may be produced by other cell types, but not by Th17 lymphocytes. Overall, our results broaden the available knowledge on the interactions in canine mammary tumors and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies, with potential benefits for human immune oncology.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dog Diseases/genetics
- Dog Diseases/immunology
- Dog Diseases/pathology
- Dogs
- Female
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Transcriptome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kinga Majchrzak-Kuligowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences -SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.B.); (I.M.S.); (R.P.); (O.K.); (N.K.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pakanova Z, Nemcovic M, Ziburova J, Mucha J, Salingova A, Sebova C, Jurickova K, Barath P. Inherited metabolic disorders of glycoconjugate metabolism. BRATISL MED J 2020; 121:760-766. [DOI: 10.4149/bll_2020_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
10
|
Mucha J, Pawłowski TA, Klupczyńska EA, Guzicka M, Zadworny M. The Effect of Hydroxamic Siderophores Structure on Acetylation of Histone H3 and Alpha Tubulin in Pinus sylvestris Root Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6099. [PMID: 31816938 PMCID: PMC6928989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein acetylation affects gene expression, as well as other processes in cells, and it might be dependent on the availability of the metals. However, whether iron chelating compounds (siderophores) can have an effect on the acetylation process in plant roots is largely unknown. In the present study, western blotting and confocal microscopy was used to examine the degree of acetylation of histone H3 and alpha tubulin in Pinus sylvestris root cells in the presence of structurally different siderophores. The effect of metabolites that were produced by pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi was also assessed. No effect was observed on histone acetylation. By contrast, the metabolites of the pathogenic fungus were able to decrease the level of microtubule acetylation, whereas treatment with iron-free ferrioxamine (DFO) was able to increase it. This latter was not observed when ferrioxamine-iron complexes were used. The pathogen metabolites induced important modifications of cytoskeleton organization. Siderophores also induced changes in the tubulin skeleton and these changes were iron-dependent. The effect of siderophores on the microtubule network was dependent on the presence of iron. More root cells with a depolymerized cytoskeleton were observed when the roots were exposed to iron-free siderophores and the metabolites of pathogenic fungi; whereas, the metabolites from mycorrhizal fungi and iron-enriched forms of siderophores slightly altered the cytoskeleton network of root cells. Collectively, these data indicated that the metabolites of pathogenic fungi mirror siderophore action, and iron limitation can lead to enhanced alternations in cell structure and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; (T.A.P.); (E.A.K.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wyka TP, Zadworny M, Mucha J, Żytkowiak R, Nowak K, Oleksyn J. Biomass and nitrogen distribution ratios reveal a reduced root investment in temperate lianas vs. self-supporting plants. Ann Bot 2019; 124:777-790. [PMID: 31050704 PMCID: PMC6868367 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The reliance on external support by lianas has been hypothesized to imply a reduction in the biomass cost of stem construction and root anchorage, and an increased investment in leaves, relative to self-supporting plants. These evolutionary trade-offs have not been adequately tested in an ontogenetic context and on the whole-plant scale. Moreover, the hypothesis may be extended to other potentially limiting resources, such as nitrogen (N.). METHODS Plants belonging to five con-familiar pairs of temperate liana/shrub species were cultivated in 120 L barrels and sequentially harvested over up to three growing seasons. To account for the ontogenetic drift, organ biomass and nitrogen fractions were adjusted for plant biomass and N pool, respectively. KEY RESULTS Lianas invested, on average, relatively less biomass in the root fraction in comparison with shrubs. This was offset by only insignificant increases in leaf or stem investment. Even though liana stems and roots showed higher N concentration in comparison with shrubs, plant N distribution was mostly driven by, and largely matched, the pattern of biomass distribution. Lianas also showed a greater relative growth rate than shrubs. The differences between the growth forms became apparent only when ontogenetic drift was controlled for. These results were confirmed regardless of whether reproductive biomass was included in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that temperate lianas, in spite of their diverse, species-specific resource distribution patterns, preferentially allocate resources to above-ground organs at the expense of roots. By identifying this trade-off and demonstrating the lack of a general trend for reduction in stem investment in lianas, we significantly modify the prevailing view of liana allocation strategies and evolutionary advantages. Such a resource distribution pattern, along with the cheap unit leaf area and stem unit length construction, situates lianas as a group close to the fast acquisition/rapid growth end of the life strategy spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wyka
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, General Botany Laboratory, Umultowska, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa, Kornik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa, Kornik, Poland
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa, Kornik, Poland
| | - Kinga Nowak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa, Kornik, Poland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa, Kornik, Poland
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szuba A, Marczak Ł, Karliński L, Mucha J, Tomaszewski D. Regulation of the leaf proteome by inoculation of Populus × canescens with two Paxillus involutus isolates differing in root colonization rates. Mycorrhiza 2019; 29:503-517. [PMID: 31456074 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During ectomycorrhizal symbioses, up to 30% of the carbon produced in leaves may be translocated to the fungal partner. Given that the leaf response to root colonization is largely unknown, we performed a leaf proteome analysis of Populus × canescens inoculated in vitro with two isolates of Paxillus involutus significantly differing in root colonization rates (65 ± 7% vs 14 ± 7%), together with plant growth and leaf biochemistry analyses to determine the response of plant leaves to ectomycorrhizal root colonization. The isolate that more efficiently colonized roots (isolate H) affected 9.1% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants. Simultaneously, ectomycorrhiza in isolate H-inoculated plants led to improved plant growth and an increased abundance of leaf proteins involved in protein turnover, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis. The protein increment was also correlated with increases in chlorophyll, foliar carbon, and carbohydrate contents. Although inoculation of P. × canescens roots with the other P. involutus isolate (isolate L, characterized by a low root colonization ratio) affected 6.8% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants, most proteins were downregulated. The proteomic signals of increased carbohydrate biosynthesis were not detected, and carbohydrate, carbon, and leaf pigment levels and plant biomass did not differ from the noninoculated plants. Our results revealed that the upregulation of the photosynthetic protein abundance and levels of leaf carbohydrate are positively related to rates of root colonization. Upregulation of photosynthetic proteins, chlorophyll, and leaf carbohydrate levels in ectomycorrhizal plants was positively related to root colonization rates and resulted in increased carbon translocation and sequestration underground.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Leszek Karliński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Dominik Tomaszewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mucha J, Gabała E, Zadworny M. The effects of structurally different siderophores on the organelles of Pinus sylvestris root cells. Planta 2019; 249:1747-1760. [PMID: 30820648 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are a driver of Pinus sylvestris root responses to metabolites secreted by pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi. Structurally different siderophores regulate the uptake of Fe by microorganisms and may play a key role in the colonization of plants by beneficial or pathogenic fungi. Siderophore action, however, may be dependent on the distribution of Fe within cells. Here, the involvement of siderophores in determining the changes of organelle morphology and element composition of some cellular fractions of root cells in Pinus sylvestris to trophically diverse fungi was investigated. Changes in the morphology and concentrations of different elements within organelles of root cells in response to three structurally different siderophores were examined by transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Weak development of mitochondrial cristae and the deposition of backup materials in plastids occurred in the absence of Fe in the structures of triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin. In response to metabolites of both pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi, Fe accumulated mainly in the cell walls and cytoplasm. Fe counts increased in all of the analyzed organelles in response to applications of ferricrocin and triacetylfusarinine C. Chelation of Fe within the structure of siderophores prevents the binding of exogenous Fe, decreasing the abundance of Fe in the cell wall and cytoplasm. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Mg, and Zn also increased in cells after applications of ferricrocin and triacetylfusarinine C, while the levels of these elements decreased in the cell wall and cytoplasm when Fe was present within the structure of the siderophores. These results provide insight into the siderophore-driven response of plants to various symbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Gabała
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-318, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marzec-Schmidt K, Ludwików A, Wojciechowska N, Kasprowicz-Maluśki A, Mucha J, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray). Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1419. [PMID: 31781142 PMCID: PMC6861220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression, as determined by the genetics of the tree species, is a major factor in determining wood quality. Therefore, the identification of genes that play a role in xylogenesis is extremely important for understanding the mechanisms shaping the plant phenotype. Efforts to develop new varieties characterized by higher yield and better wood quality will greatly benefit from recognizing and understanding the complex transcriptional network underlying wood development. The present study provides a detailed comparative description of the changes that occur in genes transcription and the biosynthesis of cell-wall-related compounds during xylogenesis in Populus trichocarpa pioneer roots and stems. Even though results of microarray analysis indicated that only approximately 10% of the differentially expressed genes were common to both organs, many fundamental mechanisms were similar; e.g. the pattern of expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall proteins, polysaccharides, and lignins. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) shows that the composition of monosaccharides was also very similar, with an increasing amount of xylose building secondary cell wall hemicellulose and pectins, especially in the stems. While hemicellulose degradation was typical for stems, possibly due to the intensive level of cell wall lignification. Notably, the main component of lignins in roots were guiacyl units, while syringyl units were dominant in stems, where fibers are especially needed for support. Our study is the first comprehensive analysis, at the structural and molecular level, of xylogenesis in under- and aboveground tree parts, and clearly reveals the great complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying cell wall formation and modification during xylogenesis in different plant organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna,
| | - Agnieszka Ludwików
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Laboratory of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Katarzyna Marzec-Schmidt, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mucha J, Peay KG, Smith DP, Reich PB, Stefański A, Hobbie SE. Effect of Simulated Climate Warming on the Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community of Boreal and Temperate Host Species Growing Near Their Shared Ecotonal Range Limits. Microb Ecol 2018; 75:348-363. [PMID: 28741266 PMCID: PMC5742605 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can influence the establishment and performance of host species by increasing nutrient and water absorption. Therefore, understanding the response of ECM fungi to expected changes in the global climate is crucial for predicting potential changes in the composition and productivity of forests. While anthropogenic activity has, and will continue to, cause global temperature increases, few studies have investigated how increases in temperature will affect the community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The effects of global warming are expected to be particularly strong at biome boundaries and in the northern latitudes. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of experimental manipulations of temperature and canopy structure (open vs. closed) on ectomycorrhizal fungi identified from roots of host seedlings through 454 pyrosequencing. The ecotonal boundary site selected for the study was between the southern boreal and temperate forests in northern Minnesota, USA, which is the southern limit range for Picea glauca and Betula papyrifera and the northern one for Pinus strobus and Quercus rubra. Manipulations that increased air and soil temperature by 1.7 and 3.4 °C above ambient temperatures, respectively, did not change ECM richness but did alter the composition of the ECM community in a manner dependent on host and canopy structure. The prediction that colonization of boreal tree species with ECM symbionts characteristic of temperate species would occur was not substantiated. Overall, only a small proportion of the ECM community appears to be strongly sensitive to warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dylan P Smith
- University of California, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Artur Stefański
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bulkowska M, Rybicka A, Senses KM, Ulewicz K, Witt K, Szymanska J, Taciak B, Klopfleisch R, Hellmén E, Dolka I, Gure AO, Mucha J, Mikow M, Gizinski S, Krol M. MicroRNA expression patterns in canine mammary cancer show significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:728. [PMID: 29115935 PMCID: PMC5678797 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs may act as oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which make these small molecules potential diagnostic/prognostic factors and targets for anticancer therapies. Several common oncogenic microRNAs have been found for canine mammary cancer and human breast cancer. On account of this, large-scale profiling of microRNA expression in canine mammary cancer seems to be important for both dogs and humans. Methods Expression profiles of 317 microRNAs in 146 canine mammary tumours of different histological type, malignancy grade and clinical history (presence/absence of metastases) and in 25 control samples were evaluated. The profiling was performed using microarrays. Significance Analysis of Microarrays test was applied in the analysis of microarray data (both unsupervised and supervised data analyses were performed). Validation of the obtained results was performed using real-time qPCR. Subsequently, predicted targets for the microRNAs were searched for in miRBase. Results Results of the unsupervised analysis indicate that the primary factor separating the samples is the metastasis status. Predicted targets for microRNAs differentially expressed in the metastatic vs. non-metastatic group are mostly engaged in cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and DNA-damage repair. On the other hand, the supervised analysis reveals clusters of differentially expressed microRNAs unique for the tumour type, malignancy grade and metastasis factor. Conclusions The most significant difference in microRNA expression was observed between the metastatic and non-metastatic group, which suggests a more important role of microRNAs in the metastasis process than in the malignant transformation. Moreover, the differentially expressed microRNAs constitute potential metastasis markers. However, validation of cfa-miR-144, cfa-miR-32 and cfa-miR-374a levels in blood samples did not follow changes observed in the non-metastatic and metastatic tumours. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3751-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Bulkowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Rybicka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kerem Mert Senses
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, SB Building, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Katarzyna Ulewicz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Witt
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szymanska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Taciak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, Building 31, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Hellmén
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Izabella Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ali O Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, SB Building, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mikow
- Veterinary Clinic 'Elwet', Niepodleglosci 24/30, 02-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Gizinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krol
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mąderek E, Zadworny M, Mucha J, Karolewski P. Light as a regulator of structural and chemical leaf defenses against insects in two Prunus species. Acta Oecologica 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
18
|
Pingwara R, Witt-Jurkowska K, Ulewicz K, Mucha J, Tonecka K, Pilch Z, Taciak B, Zabielska-Koczywas K, Mori M, Berardozzi S, Botta B, Rygiel TP, Krol M. Interferon lambda 2 promotes mammary tumor metastasis via angiogenesis extension and stimulation of cancer cell migration. J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 68:573-583. [PMID: 29151074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) support tumor development by stimulation of angiogenesis and immune response inhibition. In our previous study, we showed that interferon lambda 2 (IFN-λ2), secreted by MDSCs, enhances production of pro-angiogenic factors by cancer cells via phosphorylation of STAT3 and therefore promotes blood vessels formation. In the present study IFN-λ2 level was evaluated by ELISA in serum of tumor-bearing mice, whereas its expression in MDSCs isolated from the lungs with metastatic tumors and normal lungs was assessed by qPCR. The effect of IFN-λ2 on mouse mammary cancer cells motility was tested in Boyden chamber migration assay. In order to evaluate its pro-angiogenic function we performed in vitro tubule formation assay and in ovo angiogenesis assay on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Moreover, in order to design small molecule inhibitors of IFN-λ2 and its receptor we performed molecular modeling followed by the identification of potential natural inhibitors. Then, we examined their ability to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. Our results showed that IFN-λ2 predisposed mouse mammary cancer cells to migration in vitro. It also enhanced angiogenesis induced by mouse mammary cancer cells in vitro and in ovo. For the first time we selected potential IFN-λ2 inhibitors and we validated that they were capable to abolish pro-angiogenic effect of IFN-λ2, similarly to blocking antibodies. Therefore, IFN-λ2 and its receptor may become targets of anti-cancer therapy, but their mechanism of action requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pingwara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Witt-Jurkowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Ulewicz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Tonecka
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Pilch
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Taciak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Zabielska-Koczywas
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mori
- Center for Life Nano Science and Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
| | - S Berardozzi
- Center for Life Nano Science and Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - B Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T P Rygiel
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Krol
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trocha LK, Bulaj B, Kutczynska P, Mucha J, Rutkowski P, Zadworny M. The interactive impact of root branch order and soil genetic horizon on root respiration and nitrogen concentration. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:1055-1068. [PMID: 28903525 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In general, respiration (RS) is highly correlated with nitrogen concentration (N) in plant organs, including roots, which exhibit a positive N-RS relationship. Less is known, however, about the relationship between N and RS in roots of different branch orders within an individual tree along a vertical soil profile; this is especially true in trees with contrasting life strategies, such as pioneer Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) vs mid-successional sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.). In the present research, the impact of root branch order, as represented by those with absorptive vs transporting ability, and soil genetic horizon on root N, RS and the N-RS relationship was examined. Mean RS and total N concentration differed significantly among root branch orders and was significantly higher in absorptive roots than in transporting roots. The soil genetic horizon differentially affected root RS in Scots pine vs sessile oak. The genetic horizon mostly affected RS in absorptive roots of Scots pine and transporting roots in sessile oak. Root N was the highest in absorptive roots and most affected by soil genetic horizon in both tree species. Root N was not correlated with soil N, although N levels were higher in roots growing in fertile soil genetic horizons. Overall, RS in different root branch orders was positively correlated with N in both species. The N-RS relationship in roots, pooled by soil genetic horizon, was significant in both species, but was only significant in sessile oak when roots were pooled by root branch order. In both tree species, a significant interaction was found between the soil genetic horizon and root branch order with root function; however, species-specific responses were found. Both root N, which was unaffected by soil N, and the positive N-RS relationship consistently observed in different genetic horizons suggest that root function prevails over environmental factors, such as soil genetic horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia K Trocha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bulaj
- Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Kutczynska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Pawel Rutkowski
- Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zadworny M, McCormack ML, Żytkowiak R, Karolewski P, Mucha J, Oleksyn J. Patterns of structural and defense investments in fine roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) across a strong temperature and latitudinal gradient in Europe. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:1218-1231. [PMID: 27670838 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits may be altered as plants adapt to various environmental constraints. Cold, low fertility growing conditions are often associated with root adjustments to increase acquisition of limiting nutrient resources, but they may also result in construction of roots with reduced uptake potential but higher tissue persistence. It is ultimately unclear whether plants produce fine roots of different structure in response to decreasing temperatures and whether these changes represent a trade-off between root function or potential root persistence. We assessed patterns of root construction based on various root morphological, biochemical and defense traits including root diameter, specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD), C:N ratio, phenolic compounds, and number of phellem layers across up to 10 root orders in diverse populations of Scots pine along a 2000-km climatic gradient in Europe. Our results showed that different root traits are related to mean annual temperature (MAT) and expressed a pattern of higher root diameter and lower SRL and RTD in northern sites with lower MAT. Among absorptive roots, we observed a gradual decline in chemical defenses (phenolic compounds) with decreasing MAT. In contrast, decreasing MAT resulted in an increase of structural protection (number of phellem layers) in transport fine roots. This indicated that absorptive roots with high capacity for nutrient uptake, and transport roots with low uptake capacity, were characterized by distinct and contrasting trade-offs. Our observations suggest that diminishing structural and chemical investments into the more distal, absorptive roots in colder climates is consistent with building roots of higher absorptive capacity. At the same time, roots that play a more prominent role in transport of nutrients and water within the root system saw an increase in structural investment, which can increase persistence and reduce long-term costs associated with their frequent replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Piotr Karolewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zadworny M, McCormack ML, Mucha J, Reich PB, Oleksyn J. Scots pine fine roots adjust along a 2000-km latitudinal climatic gradient. New Phytol 2016; 212:389-99. [PMID: 27301778 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of plant biomass allocation and functional adjustments along climatic gradients are poorly understood, particularly belowground. Generally, low temperatures suppress nutrient release and uptake, and forests under such conditions have a greater proportion of their biomass in roots. However, it is not clear whether 'more roots' means better capacity to acquire soil resources. Herein we quantified patterns of fine-root anatomy and their biomass distribution across Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) populations both along a 2000-km latitudinal gradient and within a common garden experiment with a similar range of populations. We found that with decreasing mean temperature, a greater percentage of Scots pine root biomass was allocated to roots with higher potential absorptive capacity. Similar results were seen in the common experimental site, where cold-adapted populations produced roots with greater absorptive capacity than populations originating from warmer climates. These results demonstrate that plants growing in or originated from colder climates have more acquisitive roots, a trait that is likely adaptive in the face of the low resource availability typical of cold soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rybicka A, Eyileten C, Taciak B, Mucha J, Majchrzak K, Hellmen E, Krol M. Tumour-associated macrophages influence canine mammary cancer stem-like cells enhancing their pro-angiogenic properties. J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 67:491-500. [PMID: 27779470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells as cells with ability to self-renewal and potential to differentiate into various types of cells are known to be responsible for tumour initiation, recurrence and drug resistance. Hence a comprehensive research is concentrated on discovering cancer stem-like cells biology and interdependence between them and other cells. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of macrophages on cancer stem-like cells in canine mammary carcinomas. As recent studies indicated presence of macrophages in cancer environment stimulates cancer cells into more motile and invasive cells by acquisition of macrophage phenotypes. From two canine mammary tumour cell lines, CMT-U27 and P114 cancer stem-like cells were stained with Sca1, CD44 and EpCAM monoclonal antibodies and isolated. Those cells were next co-cultured with macrophages for 5 days and used for further experiments. Canine Gene Expression Microarray revealed 29 different expressed transcripts in cancer stem-like cells co-cultured with macrophages compared to those in mono-culture. Up-regulation of C-C motif chemokine 2 was considered as the most interesting for further investigation. Additionally, those cells showed overexpression of genes involved in non-canonical Wnt pathway. The results of 3D tubule formation in endothelial cells induced by cancer stem-like cells co-cultured with macrophages compared to cancer stem-like cells from mono-cultures and with addition of Recombinant Canine CCL2/MCP-1 revealed the same stimulating effect. Based on those results we can conclude that macrophages have an impact on cancer stem-like cells increasing secretion of pro-angiogenic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rybicka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Eyileten
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Taciak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Majchrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Hellmen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Krol
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mucha J, Rybicka A, Dolka I, Szymańska J, Manuali E, Parzeniecka-Jaworska M, Kluciński W, Król M. Immunosuppression in Dogs During Mammary Cancer Development. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1147-1153. [PMID: 27106740 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816634808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunosuppression that facilitates tumor progression and metastasis evolves by development of an immunosuppressive network. The aim of this study was to assess this network in dogs with benign or malignant tumors with or without confirmed metastasis. The authors showed that the number of various T cell subpopulations was constant during tumor development; however the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly higher in tumor-bearing dogs than in healthy individuals. The number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and their p-STAT3 expression (which is a negative regulator of hematopoiesis and regulates VEGF expression) were higher in cancer patients than in control dogs, however their number increased significantly in late-stage cancer patients. Canine mammary carcinomas with confirmed metastases to either lymph nodes or internal organs had greater MDSCs and Treg infiltration than benign mammary tumors or malignant mammary tumors for which metastases had not been detected. Similarly, expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF-C was the highest in tumors with confirmed metastases. This research shows changes occurring in the blood (n = 30 patients) and tumor tissue of patients (n = 100) during canine mammary tumor development. The findings should be considered preliminary because of the small number of samples. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that a high level of Tregs and MDSCs as well as high expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF-C may significantly contribute to mammary tumor progression and metastasis in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rybicka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Szymańska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Umbria e Delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Parzeniecka-Jaworska
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kluciński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lo Re D, Zhou Y, Mucha J, Jones LF, Leahy L, Santocanale C, Krol M, Murphy PV. Cover Picture: Synthesis of Migrastatin Analogues as Inhibitors of Tumour Cell Migration: Exploring Structural Change in and on the Macrocyclic Ring (Chem. Eur. J. 50/2015). Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201585001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Lo Re D, Zhou Y, Mucha J, Jones LF, Leahy L, Santocanale C, Krol M, Murphy PV. Synthesis of Migrastatin Analogues as Inhibitors of Tumour Cell Migration: Exploring Structural Change in and on the Macrocyclic Ring. Chemistry 2015; 21:17993. [PMID: 26537992 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue are Paul V. Murphy and co-workers at the National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) and Warsaw University. The image depicts MGSTA-6 giving a stop signal to tumour cells that are on the move. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502861.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lo Re
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Leigh F Jones
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)
| | - Lorraine Leahy
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)
| | - Corrado Santocanale
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)
| | - Magdalena Krol
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland).
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lo Re D, Zhou Y, Mucha J, Jones LF, Leahy L, Santocanale C, Krol M, Murphy PV. Synthesis of Migrastatin Analogues as Inhibitors of Tumour Cell Migration: Exploring Structural Change in and on the Macrocyclic Ring. Chemistry 2015; 21:18109-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
27
|
Nauss M, Mucha J, Schultz L. 55 Emergency Medicine Malpractice Claims: One Medical Group's Experience. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
28
|
Łukowski A, Giertych MJ, Zadworny M, Mucha J, Karolewski P. Preferential feeding and occupation of sunlit leaves favors defense response and development in the flea beetle, Altica brevicollis coryletorum--a pest of Corylus avellana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126072. [PMID: 25927706 PMCID: PMC4415929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The monophagous beetle, Altica brevicollis coryletorum, is a major leaf pest of Corylus avellana (common hazel). In contrast to majority of the other studied species of shrubs, sunlit leaves are grazed to a much greater extent than shaded leaves. Since the observation of a link between leaf irradiance level and A. brevicollis feeding is unique, we hypothesized that feeding preference of this beetle species is related to the speed needed to escape threats i.e. faster jumping. We also hypothesized that sunlit leaves are more nutritious and easier to consume than the leaves of shaded shrubs. Results indicated that beetle mass was greater in beetles occupying sunlit leaves, which is consistent with our second hypothesis. The study also confirmed under laboratory conditions, that larvae, pupae and beetles that were fed full-light (100% of full light) leaves were significantly heavier than those fed with shaded leaves (15% of full light). In the high irradiance conditions (higher temperature) duration of larval development is also reduced. Further results indicated that neither the concentration of soluble phenols, leaf toughness, or the number of trichomes could explain the insect's preference for sunlit leaves. Notably, measurements of jump length of beetles of this species, both in the field and under laboratory conditions, indicated that the defense pattern related to jumping was associated with light conditions. The jump length of beetles in the sun was significantly higher than in the shade. Additionally, in laboratory tests, beetle defense (jumping) was more strongly affected by temperature (15, 25, or 35°C for 24 h) than by leaf type. The effect of sunlit, higher nutrient leaves (greater level of non-structural carbohydrates) on defense (jumping) appears to be indirect, having a positive effect on insect mass in all developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Łukowski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marian J. Giertych
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Piotr Karolewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rybicka A, Mucha J, Majchrzak K, Taciak B, Hellmen E, Motyl T, Krol M. Analysis of microRNA expression in canine mammary cancer stem-like cells indicates epigenetic regulation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 66:29-37. [PMID: 25716962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) display both unique self-renewal ability as well as the ability to differentiate into many kinds of cancer cells. They are supposed to be responsible for cancer initiation, recurrence and drug resistance. Despite the fact that a variety of methods are currently employed in order to target CSCs, little is known about the regulation of their phenotype and biology by miRNAs. The aim of our study was to assess miRNA expression in canine mammary cancer stem-like cells (expressing stem cell antigen 1, Sca-1; CD44 and EpCAM) sorted from canine mammary tumour cell lines (CMT-U27, CMT-309 and P114). In order to prove their stem-like phenotype, we conducted a colony formation assay that confirmed their ability to form colonies from a single cell. Profiles of miRNA expression were investigated using Agilent custom-designed microarrays. The results were further validated by real-time rt-PCR analysis of expression of randomly selected miRNAs. Target genes were indicated and analysed using Kioto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and BioCarta databases. The results revealed 24 down-regulated and nine up-regulated miRNAs in cancer stem-like cells compared to differentiated tumour cells. According to KEGG and BioCarta databases, target genes (n=240) of significantly down-regulated miRNAs were involved in transforming growth factor-beta signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A) pathways. The analysis of single-gene overlapping with different pathways showed that the most important genes were: TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SOS1, CHUK, PDGFRA, SMAD2, MEF2A, MEF2C and MEF2D. All of them are involved in tumor necrosis factor-beta signaling and may indicate its important role in cancer stem cell biology. Increased expression of TGFBR2, SMAD2, MEF2A and MEF2D in canine mammary cancer stem-like cells was further confirmed by real-time-qPCR. The results of our study point at epigenetic differences between cancer stem-like cells and differentiated tumour cells, which may be important not only for veterinary medicine but also for comparative oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rybicka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Salingova A, Behulova D, Brennerova K, Hlavata A, Saligova J, Halova K, Chandoga J, Mucha J, Matulova M. Contribution of oligosaccharide investigation for diagnostics of lysosomal storage diseases in Slovakia. Clin Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
31
|
Król M, Mucha J, Majchrzak K, Homa A, Bulkowska M, Majewska A, Gajewska M, Pietrzak M, Perszko M, Romanowska K, Pawłowski K, Manuali E, Hellmen E, Motyl T. Macrophages mediate a switch between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in canine mammary tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83995. [PMID: 24404146 PMCID: PMC3880277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective According to the current hypothesis, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are “corrupted” by cancer cells and subsequently facilitate, rather than inhibit, tumor metastasis. Because the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell–TAM interactions are complicated and controversial we aimed to better define this phenomenon. Methods and Results Using microRNA microarrays, Real-time qPCR and Western blot we showed that co-culture of canine mammary tumor cells with TAMs or treatment with macrophage-conditioned medium inhibited the canonical Wnt pathway and activated the non-canonical Wnt pathway in tumor cells. We also showed that co-culture of TAMs with tumor cells increased expression of canonical Wnt inhibitors in TAMs. Subsequently, we demonstrated macrophage-induced invasive growth patterns and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. Validation of these results in canine mammary carcinoma tissues (n = 50) and xenograft tumors indicated the activation of non-canonical and canonical Wnt pathways in metastatic tumors and non-metastatic malignancies, respectively. Activation of non-canonical Wnt pathway correlated with number of TAMs. Conclusions We demonstrated that TAMs mediate a “switch” between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in canine mammary tumors, leading to increased tumor invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, similar changes in neoplastic cells were observed in the presence of macrophage-conditioned medium or live macrophages. These observations indicate that rather than being “corrupted” by cancer cells, TAMs constitutively secrete canonical Wnt inhibitors that decrease tumor proliferation and development, but as a side effect, they induce the non-canonical Wnt pathway, which leads to tumor metastasis. These data challenge the conventional understanding of TAM–cancer cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Homa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bulkowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Pietrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Perszko
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Romanowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Pawłowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Area Diagnostica Integrata Istologia e Microscopia Elettronica Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Hellmen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Motyl
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mucha J, Guzicka M, Ratajczak E, Zadworny M. Strategies utilized by trophically diverse fungal species for Pinus sylvestris root colonization. Tree Physiol 2014; 34:73-86. [PMID: 24391166 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological changes in host plants in response to the broad spectrum of fungal modes of infection are still not well understood. The current study was conducted to better understand the infection of in vitro cultures of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings by three trophically diverse fungal species, Fusarium oxysporum E. F. Sm. & Swingle, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.) Quél. Biochemical methods and microscopy were utilized to determine (i) which factors (apoplastic and cellular pH, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and cell death) play a role in the establishment of pathogenic, saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi, and (ii) whether cell death is a common response of conifer seedling tissues when they are exposed to trophically diverse fungi. Establishment of the pathogen, F. oxysporum, was observed more frequently in the meristematic region of root tips than in the elongation zone, which was in contrast to T. harzianum and H. crustuliniforme. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) hyphae, however, were occasionally observed in the studied root zone and caused small changes in the studied factors. Colonization of the meristematic zone occurred due to host cell death. Independently of the zone, changes in cellular pH resulting in an acidic cytoplasm conditioned the establishment of F. oxysporum. Additionally, cell death was negatively correlated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots challenged by a pathogenic fungus. Cell death was the only factor uniquely associated with the colonization of host roots by a saprotrophic fungus. The mechanism may differ, however, between the zones since apoplastic pH was negatively correlated with cell death in the elongation zone, whereas in the meristematic zone, none of the studied factors explained cell death. Colonization by the ECM fungus, H. crustuliniforme, was associated with a decreasing number of cells with acidic apoplast and by production of H2O2 in the elongation zone resulting in cell death. Saprotrophic and ECM fungi had a greater effect on cell acidification in the meristematic zone than the pathogenic fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pawłowski KM, Mucha J, Majchrzak K, Motyl T, Król M. Expression and role of PGP, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP3 in multidrug resistance of canine mammary cancer cells. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:119. [PMID: 23773525 PMCID: PMC3698016 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In both women and female dogs, the most prevalent type of malignant neoplasm is the spontaneous mammary tumor. In dogs, half of these are malignant. The treatment of choice for the canine patients is surgical mastectomy. Unfortunately, it often fails in high-risk, locally invasive mammary tumors as of during the time of the surgery the micro-metastases are present. Moreover, there are neither large studies conducting to prove of the benefit from the chemotherapy in dogs nor established chemotherapy treatment protocols available. Additionally, the effectiveness of each individual chemotherapeutic agent and drug resistance of canine mammary cancer have not yet been characterized. That has become the aim of our study, to assess the expression of PGP, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP3 in canine mammary cancer cell lines and to investigate their role in cancer resistance to vinblastine, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide with using RNAi approach. Results The results suggested that in canine mammary cancer, the vinblastine efflux was mediated by PGP and MRP1 proteins, cisplatin efflux was mediated by all four examined efflux pumps (PGP, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP3), whereas cyclophosphamide resistance was related to BCRP activity. RNAi silencing of these efflux pumps significantly decreased IC50 doses of the examined drugs in canine mammary carcinoma cells. Conclusions Our results have indicated the treatment of cells involving use of the siRNA targeting efflux pumps could be a beneficial approach in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol M Pawłowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mucha J, Homa A, Majchrzak K, Motyl T, Król M. Abstract A56: The number of MDSC (Gr1+/CD11b+) and T lymphocytes in blood of canine patients during mammary and skin tumors development. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumimm2012-a56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The very recent studies have indicated an important role of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the tumor progression and metastasis. They are thought to suppress the immune system and promote angiogenesis via STAT3 activation.
The aim of present study was two-fold: 1) to assess the percentage of MDSCs (CD11b+/Gr1+) in canine blood leukocytes and percentage of MDSCs that express p-STAT3 at high level; and 2) to assess the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and Treg (CD4+/FoxP3+) in canine blood lymphocytes collected from patients with various clinical stage of mammary and skin tumors comparing to control healthy dogs. The samples were analyzed using BD FACS AriaII.
The results of our study indicate that percentage of Gr1-positive cells is significantly increased (p<0.05) in patients with stage IV tumor (4.6%, compared to control and stage I, II and III tumor: 2.38%, 0.8%, 0.65%, 1.2%, respectively). The number of Treg cells was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in patients with stage III and IV tumor (1.06% and 1.03%, respectively) compared to control (4.82%), stage I and II tumor (6.5% and 3.95%, respectively). Similarly, the number of CD4+ cells was significantly decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.001) in stage III and IV tumors (14.8% and 2.27%, respectively) compared to control (29.84%), and stage I and II tumors (26.20% and 18.75%, respectively). Thus, the ratio of CD4/CD8 was also significantly decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.001) in stage III and IV tumors (respectively). The number of CD3+ cells was also significantly (p<0.01) decreased in stage III and IV tumors (5.23% and 4.46%, respectively), comparing to control (11.66%), and stage I and II tumors (13.57% and 7.4%).
Our results indicate significant immunosuppression in patients with advanced tumors that can be related to high MDSCs level. High level of these cells may be also related with metastasis formation in patients with advanced tumors.
This work was supported by grant no IP2011 027171 from the Ministry of Sciences and Higher Education.
Citation Format: Joanna Mucha, Agata Homa, Kinga Majchrzak, Tomasz Motyl, Magdalena Król. The number of MDSC (Gr1+/CD11b+) and T lymphocytes in blood of canine patients during mammary and skin tumors development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A56.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Homa
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Motyl
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mucha J, Guzicka M, Lakomy P, Zadworny M. Iron and reactive oxygen responses in Pinus sylvestris root cortical cells infected with different species of Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. Planta 2012; 236:975-988. [PMID: 22526502 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Defence mechanisms in trees are not well understood. We assessed whether distribution of iron ions and their co-localisation with reactive oxygen species in Pinus sylvestris root cells reflect differential preferences of the pathogens Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto, H. parviporum and H. abietinum to the host. Strains of H. annosum s.s. characterised by a greater preference for P. sylvestris induced accumulation of superoxide (O(2)(-)) in host cells 6 h after inoculation, whereas two peaks in accumulation of O(2)(-) (after 4 and 48 h) were observed after infection with strains of the pathogens H. parviporum and H. abietinum, which have a lower preference for P. sylvestris. Moreover, strains of H. annosum s.s. caused increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in P. sylvestris cells, in contrast with strains of the other two species (H. parviporum and H. abietinum). Following inoculation with H. annosum s.s. strains, H(2)O(2) was correlated negatively with O(2)(-) and correlated positively with ferrous iron (Fe(2+)). Co-localisation of Fe(3+) with H(2)O(2) may suggest that they are involved in inducing hypersensitive responses and eventually cell death in roots inoculated with H. annosum s.s. strains, in contrast with H. parviporum, in which other mechanisms operate when the host is parasitised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Majchrzak K, Pawłowski KM, Orzechowska EJ, Dolka I, Mucha J, Motyl T, Król M. A role of ghrelin in canine mammary carcinoma cells proliferation, apoptosis and migration. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:170. [PMID: 22999388 PMCID: PMC3514346 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ghrelin is a natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). They are often co-expressed in multiple human tumors and related cancer cell lines what can indicate that the ghrelin/GHS-R axis may have an important role in tumor growth and progression. However, a role of ghrelin in canine tumors remains unknown. Thus, the aim of our study was two-fold: (1) to assess expression of ghrelin and its receptor in canine mammary cancer and (2) to examine the effect of ghrelin on carcinoma cells proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. The expression of ghrelin and its receptor in canine mammary cancer tissues and cell lines (isolated from primary tumors and their metastases) was examined using Real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry. For apoptosis analysis the Annexin V and propidium iodide dual staining was applied whereas cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and BrdU incorporation test. The influence of ghrelin on cancer cells migration and invasion was assessed using Boyden chamber assays and wound healing assay. Results The highest expression of ghrelin was observed in metastatic cancers whereas the lowest expression of ghrelin receptor was detected in tumors of the 3rd grade of malignancy. Higher expression of ghrelin and its receptor was detected in cancer cell lines isolated from metastases than in cell lines isolated from primary tumors. In vitro experiments demonstrated that exposure to low doses of ghrelin stimulates cellular proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and promotes motility and invasion of canine mammary cancer cells. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor inhibitor ([D-Lys3]-GHRP6) as well as RNA interference enhances early apoptosis. Conclusion The presence of ghrelin and GHS-R in all of the examined canine mammary tumors may indicate their biological role in cancer growth and development. Our experiments conducted in vitro confirmed that ghrelin promotes cancer development and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nemčovičová I, Nemčovič M, Šesták S, Plšková M, Wilson IBH, Mucha J. Expression, purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster lysosomal α-mannosidase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:965-70. [PMID: 22869134 PMCID: PMC3412785 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112029375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal α-mannosidases are class II mannosidases that belong to glycoside hydrolase family 38 and play an important role in the degradation of asparagine-linked carbohydrates of glycoproteins. Based on peptide similarity to human and bovine lysosomal mannosidase (LM), recombinant α-mannosidase from Drosophila melanogaster (dLM408) was cloned and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant form of dLM408 designed for structural analysis lacks the transmembrane domain and was crystallized using standard vapour-diffusion and counter-diffusion techniques. The crystals grew as flat plates and as tetragonal bipyramids, respectively. The plate-shaped crystals exhibited the symmetry of space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and diffracted to a minimum d-spacing of 3.5 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Nemčovičová
- Department of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Glycobiology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M. Nemčovič
- Department of Glycobiology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S. Šesták
- Department of Glycobiology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M. Plšková
- Department of Glycobiology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I. B. H. Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | - J. Mucha
- Department of Glycobiology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Karolewski P, Zadworny M, Mucha J, Napierała-Filipiak A, Oleksyn J. Link between defoliation and light treatments on root vitality of five understory shrubs with different resistance to insect herbivory. Tree Physiol 2010; 30:969-978. [PMID: 20624813 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Understory shrubs are frequently attacked by insect herbivores. However, very little is known regarding possible interactions between light condition, defoliation (D) and fine root vitality (% live roots) and metabolic activity, and whether different plant strategies (compensation, trade-off and equilibrium) to defoliation depend on individual species light requirements. To explore the response of roots to such conditions, an experiment was established in which we experimentally removed 50% of leaves in 1-year-old seedlings of Sambucus nigra, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus serotina, Frangula alnus and Corylus avellana grown in 15% and full sunlight. On average, defoliation leads to a 15% reduction in fine root (< 2 mm) vitality (% live roots). However, a statistically significant reduction in root vitality after defoliation was detected only in those species that are less herbivorized in nature (48% in S. nigra and 5% in C. sanguinea). On average, shade conditions (L) resulted in 18% decline in root vitality, and the effects of defoliation were also 22% higher than for plants grown in full light. Root vitality in both treatments (D and L) was significantly correlated with their dry mass, concentration of total phenol (TPh) and carbon to nitrogen ratio, and negatively correlated with nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates, starch and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). To a large extent, root vitality and chemistry varied by species. Higher root vitality was related to higher concentrations of phenolics, more than to N and TNC concentrations. Concentrations of phenolics also differed significantly between defoliated plants and controls. However, in defoliated plants, an increase in TPh was observed only in two species, which belong to two different groups in light requirements and susceptibility to insect grazing (C. sanguinea and P. serotina). This study indicated that higher vitality of roots occurred in species that are characterized by higher insect defoliation under natural conditions. It is likely that higher root vitality of these species was related to their high level of TPh and tannins. This was especially noticeable for the reduced light treatment, which represents natural conditions under which insect defoliation is highest. Our results suggest that varied strategies of resource allocation were used by the different species in response to variations in light and defoliation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Karolewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Trocha LK, Mucha J, Eissenstat DM, Reich PB, Oleksyn J. Ectomycorrhizal identity determines respiration and concentrations of nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates in root tips: a test using Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur saplings. Tree Physiology 2010; 30:648-54. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
|
40
|
Mucha J, Zadworny M, Werner A. Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology of saprotrophs and the pathogen Heterobasidion annosum in the presence of Suillus bovinus metabolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 113:981-90. [PMID: 19539761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to synthesize antifungal compounds both in vitro and in symbiosis with the host-plants. Culture filtrates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus bovinus (at pHs of 2.5-6) showed antifungal activity towards saprotrophs Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma virens and the pathogen Heterobasidion annosum, by significantly suppressing their growth relative to sterile liquid medium at the same pHs. In the presence of the culture filtrates, hyphae of the saprotrophs and the pathogen were characterized by distensions, irregular and frequent branching, tip damage and cytoplasm coagulation. Since hyphal abnormalities may be evoked by disruptions in the cytoskeleton and mitochondria, their structural changes were also examined. Depolymerization of microtubules was confirmed for all of the fungi. Serious damage to mitochondria morphology may cause significant functional impairment. Growth of mycelia was inhibited in the lower pH S. bovinus culture filtrate, and the mitochondrial morphology was altered. This suggests that the activity of antifungal compounds synthesized by ectomycorrhizal fungus is significantly affected by pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Laboratory of Root System Pathology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mucha J, Dahm H, Werner A. Influence of autoclaved saprotrophic fungal mycelia on proteolytic activity in ectomycorrhizal fungi. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2007; 92:137-42. [PMID: 17333458 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The production of proteolytic enzymes by several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi i.e., Amanita muscaria (16-3), Laccaria laccata (9-12), L. laccata (9-1), Suillus bovinus (15-4), Suillus bovinus (15-3), Suillus luteus (14-7) on mycelia of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma virens and Mucor hiemalis and sodium caseinate, yeast extract was evaluated. The strains of A. muscaria (16-3) and L. laccata (9-12) were characterized by the highest activity of the acidic and neutral proteases. Taking the mycelia of saprotrophic fungi into consideration, the mycelium of M. hiemalis was the best inductor for proteolytic activity. The examined ectomycorrhizal fungi exhibited higher activity of acidic proteases than neutral ones on the mycelia of saprotrophic fungi, which may imply the participation of acidic proteases in nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Laboratory of Root System Pathology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kornik, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mucha J, Dahm H, Strzelczyk E, Werner A. Synthesis of enzymes connected with mycoparasitism by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Arch Microbiol 2006; 185:69-77. [PMID: 16395555 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-005-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The production of enzymes involved in mycoparasitism by several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi: Amanita muscaria (16-3), Laccaria laccata (9-12), L. laccata (9-1), Suillus bovinus (15-4), S. bovinus (15-3), S. luteus (14-7) on different substrates such as colloidal chitin, mycelia of Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens and Mucor hiemalis was examined. Chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases were assayed spectrophotometrically by measuring the amount of reducing sugars releasing from suitable substrate by means of Miller's method. Beta-glucosidases were determined by measuring the amount of p-nitrophenol released from p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. It was observed that A. muscaria (16-3) and L. laccata (9-12) biosynthesized the highest activity of enzymes in contrast to the strains of S. bovinus and S. luteus. The mycelium of T. harzianum turned out to be the best substrate for the induction of beta-1,3-glucanases and beta-glucosidases for both strains of L. laccata, although the difference in the induction of chitinases in the presence of mycelia of different species of Trichoderma was not indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Laboratory of Root Pathology, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zdyb A, Olchowik JM, Szymczuk D, Mucha J, Zabielski K, Mucha M, Sadowski W. Analysis of the Interfacial Energy of GaAs-Si Heterostructures. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und technische Kristallographie 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4079(200208)37:8<875::aid-crat875>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
44
|
Peterbauer T, Lahuta LB, Blöchl A, Mucha J, Jones DA, Hedley CL, Gòrecki RJ, Richter A. Analysis of the raffinose family oligosaccharide pathway in pea seeds with contrasting carbohydrate composition. Plant Physiol 2001; 127:1764-72. [PMID: 11743119 PMCID: PMC133579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2001] [Revised: 07/23/2001] [Accepted: 08/22/2001] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are synthesized by a set of galactosyltransferases, which sequentially add galactose units from galactinol to sucrose. The accumulation of RFOs was studied in maturing seeds of two pea (Pisum sativum) lines with contrasting RFO composition. Seeds of the line SD1 accumulated stachyose as the predominant RFO, whereas verbascose, the next higher homolog of stachyose, was almost absent. In seeds of the line RRRbRb, a high level of verbascose was accumulated alongside with stachyose. The increase in verbascose in developing RRRbRb seeds was associated with galactinol-dependent verbascose synthase activity. In addition, a galactinol-independent enzyme activity was detected, which catalyzed transfer of a galactose residue from one stachyose molecule to another. The two enzyme activities synthesizing verbascose showed an optimum at pH 7.0. Both activities were almost undetectable in SD1. Maximum activity of stachyose synthase was about 4-fold higher in RRRbRb compared with SD1, whereas the activities of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase were only about 1.5-fold higher in RRRbRb. The levels of galactinol synthase and stachyose synthase activity were reflected by steady-state levels of corresponding mRNAs. We suggest that the accumulation of verbascose in RRRbRb was controlled by a coordinated up-regulation of the last steps of verbascose biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Peterbauer
- Chemical Physiology of Plants, Institute of Ecology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peterbauer T, Lahuta LB, Blöchl A, Mucha J, Jones DA, Hedley CL, Gòrecki RJ, Richter A. Analysis of the raffinose family oligosaccharide pathway in pea seeds with contrasting carbohydrate composition. Plant Physiol 2001. [PMID: 11743119 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are synthesized by a set of galactosyltransferases, which sequentially add galactose units from galactinol to sucrose. The accumulation of RFOs was studied in maturing seeds of two pea (Pisum sativum) lines with contrasting RFO composition. Seeds of the line SD1 accumulated stachyose as the predominant RFO, whereas verbascose, the next higher homolog of stachyose, was almost absent. In seeds of the line RRRbRb, a high level of verbascose was accumulated alongside with stachyose. The increase in verbascose in developing RRRbRb seeds was associated with galactinol-dependent verbascose synthase activity. In addition, a galactinol-independent enzyme activity was detected, which catalyzed transfer of a galactose residue from one stachyose molecule to another. The two enzyme activities synthesizing verbascose showed an optimum at pH 7.0. Both activities were almost undetectable in SD1. Maximum activity of stachyose synthase was about 4-fold higher in RRRbRb compared with SD1, whereas the activities of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase were only about 1.5-fold higher in RRRbRb. The levels of galactinol synthase and stachyose synthase activity were reflected by steady-state levels of corresponding mRNAs. We suggest that the accumulation of verbascose in RRRbRb was controlled by a coordinated up-regulation of the last steps of verbascose biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Peterbauer
- Chemical Physiology of Plants, Institute of Ecology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mucha J, Svoboda B, Fröhwein U, Strasser R, Mischinger M, Schwihla H, Altmann F, Hane W, Schachter H, Glössl J, Mach L. Tissues of the clawed frog Xenopus laevis contain two closely related forms of UDP-GlcNAc:alpha3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Glycobiology 2001; 11:769-78. [PMID: 11555621 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.9.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-GlcNAc:alpha3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI; EC 2.4.1.101) is a medial-Golgi enzyme that is essential for the processing of oligomannose to hybrid and complex N-glycans. On the basis of highly conserved sequences obtained from previously cloned mammalian GnTI genes, cDNAs for two closely related GnTI isoenzymes were isolated from a Xenopus laevis ovary cDNA library. As typical for glycosyltransferases, both proteins exhibit a type II transmembrane protein topology with a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail (4 amino acids); a transmembrane domain of 22 residues; a stem region with a length of 81 (isoenzyme A) and 77 (isoenzyme B) amino acids, respectively; and a catalytic domain consisting of 341 residues. The two proteins differ not only in length but also at 13 (stem) and 18 (catalytic domain) positions, respectively. The overall identity of the catalytic domains of the X. laevis GnTI isoenzymes with their mammalian and plant orthologues ranges from 30% (Nicotiana tabacum) to 67% (humans). Isoenzymes A and B are encoded by two separate genes that were both found to be expressed in all tissues examined, albeit in varying amounts and ratios. On expression of the cDNAs in the baculovirus/insect cell system, both isoenzymes were found to exhibit enzymatic activity. Isoenzyme B is less efficiently folded in vivo and thus appears of lower physiological relevance than isoenzyme A. However, substitution of threonine at position 223 with alanine was sufficient to confer isoenzyme B with properties similar to those observed for isoenzyme A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mucha
- Zentrum für Angewandte Genetik, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Most of the glycosylation reactions that generate the great diversity of oligosaccharide structures of eukaryotic cells occur in the Golgi apparatus. This review deals with the most recent data that provide insight into the functional organization of Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases. We also focus on the recent successes in X-ray crystal structure determination of glycosyltransferases. These new structures begin to shed light on the molecular bases accounting for donor and acceptor substrate specificities as well as catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Breton
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Uniiversity Joseph-Fourier, CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wilson IB, Rendić D, Freilinger A, Dumić J, Altmann F, Mucha J, Müller S, Hauser MT. Cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase homologues from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1527:88-96. [PMID: 11420147 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The core alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases are involved in the synthesis of glycans specific to plants and invertebrates which are known to be immunogenic and allergenic. We report the identification, isolation and characterisation of the cDNAs of three genes (FucTA, FucTB and FucTC) encoding proteins similar to alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the full length coding sequence of FucTA. The FucTA gene, which consists of seven exons, encodes a presumptive protein of 501 amino acids showing an overall sequence identity of 66% to the protein encoded by the recently isolated mung bean Fuc-T C3 cDNA. FucTA was expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOX1 gene promoter. The soluble enzyme was found to catalyse the same reaction as mung bean core alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase as judged by analyses of the products by MALDI-TOF and high-performance liquid chromatography. The FucTB cDNA was isolated from a lambda-ZAP library, but the clone used an alternative splicing site between the second and third exon resulting in a premature stop codon. The FucTC gene encodes a protein with less than 40% identity to FucTA across 115 amino acids of a total of 401 amino acids and is a member of a new sub-family of plant alpha1,3/4-fucosyltransferase homologues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I B Wilson
- Institut für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Strasser R, Mucha J, Mach L, Altmann F, Wilson IB, Glössl J, Steinkellner H. Molecular cloning and functional expression of beta1, 2-xylosyltransferase cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2000; 472:105-8. [PMID: 10781814 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of xylose from UDP-xylose to the core beta-linked mannose of N-linked oligosaccharides by beta1,2-xylosyltransferase (XylT) is a widespread feature of plant glycoproteins which renders them immunogenic and allergenic in man. Here, we report the isolation of the Arabidopsis thaliana XylT gene, which contains two introns and encodes a 60.2 kDa protein with a predicted type II transmembrane protein topology typical for Golgi glycosyltransferases. Upon expression of A. thaliana XylT cDNA in the baculovirus/insect cell system, a recombinant protein was produced that exhibited XylT activity in vitro. Furthermore, the recombinant enzyme displayed XylT activity in vivo in the insect cells, as judged by the acquired cross-reaction of cellular glycoproteins with antibodies against the beta1,2-xylose epitope. The cloned XylT cDNA as well as the recombinant enzyme are essential tools to study the role of beta1,2-xylose in the immunogenicity and allergenicity of plant glycoproteins at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Strasser
- Zentrum für Angewandte Genetik, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Peterbauer T, Mucha J, Mayer U, Popp M, Glössl J, Richter A. Stachyose synthesis in seeds of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis): molecular cloning and functional expression of stachyose synthase. Plant J 1999; 20:509-518. [PMID: 10652123 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stachyose is the major soluble carbohydrate in seeds of a number of important crop species. It is synthesized from raffinose and galactinol by the action of stachyose synthase (EC 2.4.1.67). We report here on the identification of a cDNA encoding stachyose synthase from seeds of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis Ohwi et Ohashi). Based on internal amino acid sequences of the enzyme purified from adzuki bean, oligonucleotides were designed and used to amplify corresponding sequences from adzuki bean cDNA by RT-PCR, followed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE-PCR). The complete cDNA sequence comprised 3046 nucleotides and included an open reading frame which encoded a polypeptide of 857 amino acid residues. The entire coding region was amplified by PCR, engineered into the baculovirus expression vector pVL1393 and introduced into Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) insect cells for heterologous expression. The recombinant protein was immunologically reactive with polyclonal antibodies raised against stachyose synthase purified from adzuki bean and was shown to be a functional stachyose synthase with the same catalytic properties as its native counterpart. High levels of stachyose synthase mRNA were transiently accumulated midway through seed development, and the enzyme was also present in mature seeds and during germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Peterbauer
- Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Vienna, A-1091 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|