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Fu Y, Chen T, Chen L, Guo Y, Yang Z, Mu N, Feng H, Zhang M, Wang H. Terahertz time-domain attenuated total reflection spectroscopy integrated with a microfluidic chip. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1143443. [PMID: 36994356 PMCID: PMC10040880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1143443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of a microfluidic chip into terahertz time-domain attenuated total reflection (THz TD-ATR) spectroscopy is highly demanded for the accurate measurement of aqueous samples. Hitherto, however little work has been reported on this regard. Here, we demonstrate a strategy of fabricating a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip (M-chip) suitable for the measurement of aqueous samples, and investigate the effects of its configuration, particularly the cavity depth of the M-chip on THz spectra. By measuring pure water, we find that the Fresnel formulae of two-interface model should be applied to analyze the THz spectral data when the depth is smaller than 210 μm, but the Fresnel formula of one-interface model can be applied when the depth is no less than 210 μm. We further validate this by measuring physiological solution and protein solution. This work can help promote the application of THz TD-ATR spectroscopy in the study of aqueous biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuansen Guo
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mingkun Zhang
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Mingkun Zhang, ; Huabin Wang,
| | - Huabin Wang
- Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Mingkun Zhang, ; Huabin Wang,
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Kratz C, Furchner A, Sun G, Rappich J, Hinrichs K. Sensing and structure analysis by in situIR spectroscopy: from mL flow cells to microfluidic applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:393002. [PMID: 32235045 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situmid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in liquids is an emerging field for the analysis of functional surfaces and chemical reactions. Different basic geometries exist forin situMIR spectroscopy in milliliter (mL) and microfluidic flow cells, such as attenuated total reflection (ATR), simple reflection, transmission and fiber waveguides. After a general introduction of linear opticalin situMIR techniques, the methodology of ATR, ellipsometric and microfluidic applications in single-reflection geometries is presented. Selected examples focusing on thin layers relevant to optical, electronical, polymer, biomedical, sensing and silicon technology are discussed. The development of an optofluidic platform translates IR spectroscopy to the world of micro- and nanofluidics. With the implementation of SEIRA (surface enhanced infrared absorption) interfaces, the sensitivity of optofluidic analyses of biomolecules can be improved significantly. A large variety of enhancement surfaces ranging from tailored nanostructures to metal-island film substrates are promising for this purpose. Meanwhile, time-resolved studies, such as sub-monolayer formation of organic molecules in nL volumes, become available in microscopic or laser-based set-ups. With the adaption of modern brilliant IR sources, such as tunable and broadband IR lasers as well as frequency comb sources, possible applications of far-field IR spectroscopy inin situsensing with high lateral (sub-mm) and time (sub-s) resolution are considerably extended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoguang Sun
- ISAS-e.V., Schwarzschildstr. 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rappich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Solsona M, Vollenbroek JC, Tregouet CBM, Nieuwelink AE, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Weckhuysen BM, Odijk M. Microfluidics and catalyst particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3575-3601. [PMID: 31559978 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the latest advances and future perspectives of microfluidics for micro/nanoscale catalyst particle synthesis and analysis. In the first section, we present an overview of the different methods to synthesize catalysts making use of microfluidics and in the second section, we critically review catalyst particle characterization using microfluidics. The strengths and challenges of these approaches are highlighted with various showcases selected from the recent literature. In the third section, we give our opinion on the future perspectives of the combination of catalytic nanostructures and microfluidics. We anticipate that in the synthesis and analysis of individual catalyst particles, generation of higher throughput and better understanding of transport inside individual porous catalyst particles are some of the most important benefits of microfluidics for catalyst research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solsona
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J C Vollenbroek
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - C B M Tregouet
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A-E Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Olthuis
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - B M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Morhart TA, Read S, Wells G, Jacobs M, Rosendahl SM, Achenbach S, Burgess IJ. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectromicroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation and Micromachined Silicon Wafers for Microfluidic Applications. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:1781-1789. [PMID: 29893584 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818785640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A custom-designed optical configuration compatible with the use of micromachined multigroove internal reflection elements (μ-groove IREs) for attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and imaging applications in microfluidic devices is described. The μ-groove IREs consist of several face-angled grooves etched into a single, monolithic silicon chip. The optical configuration permits individual grooves to be addressed by focusing synchrotron sourced IR light through a 150 µm pinhole aperture, restricting the beam spot size to a dimension smaller than that of the groove walls. The effective beam spot diameter at the ATR sampling plane is determined through deconvolution of the measured detector response and found to be 70 µm. The μ-groove IREs are highly compatible with standard photolithographic techniques as demonstrated by printing a 400 µm wide channel in an SU-8 film spin-coated on the IRE surface. Attenuated total reflection FT-IR mapping as a function of sample position across the channel illustrates the potential application of this approach for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stuart Read
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Garth Wells
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ian J Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Morhart TA, Unni B, Lardner MJ, Burgess IJ. Electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS Using Low-Cost, Micromachined Si Wafers. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11818-11824. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Bipinlal Unni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Michael J. Lardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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Sriram KK, Nayak S, Pengel S, Chou CF, Erbe A. 10 nm deep, sub-nanoliter fluidic nanochannels on germanium for attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. Analyst 2017; 142:273-278. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoslits with a depth of ∼10 nm were manufactured on a germanium internal reflection element for attenuated internal reflection infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simantini Nayak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
- 40237 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Stefanie Pengel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
- 40237 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics
- Academia Sinica
- Taiwan
- Research Centre for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
- 40237 Düsseldorf
- Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- NTNU
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Perro A, Lebourdon G, Henry S, Lecomte S, Servant L, Marre S. Combining microfluidics and FT-IR spectroscopy: towards spatially resolved information on chemical processes. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines the combination of infrared spectroscopy and continuous microfluidic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Perro
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université de Bordeaux—CNRS
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Gwenaelle Lebourdon
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université de Bordeaux—CNRS
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Sarah Henry
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets
- Université de Bordeaux —CNRS
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets
- Université de Bordeaux —CNRS
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - Laurent Servant
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université de Bordeaux—CNRS
- 33405 Talence
- France
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