1
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Atkinson N, Morhart TA, Wells G, Flaman GT, Petro E, Read S, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ, Achenbach S. Microfabrication Process Development for a Polymer-Based Lab-on-Chip Concept Applied in Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6251. [PMID: 37514546 PMCID: PMC10383751 DOI: 10.3390/s23146251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) combining sensing and microfluidics functionalities, as are common in Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices, are increasingly based on polymers. Benefits of polymers include tunable material properties, the possibility of surface functionalization, compatibility with many micro and nano patterning techniques, and optical transparency. Often, additional materials, such as metals, ceramics, or silicon, are needed for functional or auxiliary purposes, e.g., as electrodes. Hybrid patterning and integration of material composites require an increasing range of fabrication approaches, which must often be newly developed or at least adapted and optimized. Here, a microfabrication process concept is developed that allows one to implement attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and electrochemistry on an LoC device. It is designed to spatially resolve chemical sensitivity and selectivity, which are instrumental for the detection of chemical distributions, e.g., during on-flow chemical and biological reaction chemistry. The processing sequence involves (i) direct-write and soft-contact UV lithography in SUEX dry resist and replication in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers as the fluidic structure; (ii) surface functionalization of PDMS with oxygen plasma, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES), and a UV-curable glue (NOA 73) for bonding the fluidic structure to the substrate; (iii) double-sided patterning of silicon nitride-coated silicon wafers serving as the ATR-FTIR-active internal reflection element (IRE) on one side and the electrode-covered substrate for microfluidics on the back side with lift-off and sputter-based patterning of gold electrodes; and (iv) a custom-designed active vacuum positioning and alignment setup. Fluidic channels of 100 μm height and 600 μm width in 5 mm thick PDMS were fabricated on 2" and 4" demonstrators. Electrochemistry on-chip functionality was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) of redox reactions involving iron cyanides in different oxidation states. Further, ATR-FTIR measurements of laminar co-flows of H2O and D2O demonstrated the chemical mapping capabilities of the modular fabrication concept of the LoC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Atkinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Tyler A Morhart
- Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices, Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Garth Wells
- Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices, Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Grace T Flaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Eric Petro
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Stuart Read
- Mid Infrared Spectromicroscopy Facility, Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Scott M Rosendahl
- Mid Infrared Spectromicroscopy Facility, Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ian J Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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2
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Flaman GT, Boyle ND, Vermelle C, Morhart TA, Ramaswami B, Read S, Rosendahl SM, Wells G, Newman LP, Atkinson N, Achenbach S, Burgess IJ. Chemical Imaging of Mass Transport Near the No-Slip Interface of a Microfluidic Device using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4940-4949. [PMID: 36880970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mass transport in geometrically confined environments is fundamental to microfluidic applications. Measuring the distribution of chemical species on flow requires the use of spatially resolved analytical tools compatible with microfluidic materials and designs. Here, the implementation of an attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) imaging (macro-ATR) approach for chemical mapping of species in microfluidic devices is described. The imaging method is configurable between a large field of view, single-frame imaging, and the use of image stitching to build composite chemical maps. Macro-ATR is used to quantify transverse diffusion in the laminar streams of coflowing fluids in dedicated microfluidic test devices. It is demonstrated that the ATR evanescent wave, which primarily probes the fluid within ∼500 nm of the channel surface, provides accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of species in the entire microfluidic device cross section. This is the case when flow and channel conditions promote vertical concentration contours in the channel as verified by three-dimensional numeric simulations of mass transport. Furthermore, the validity of treating the mass transport problem in a simplified and faster approach using reduced dimensionality numeric simulations is described. Simplified one-dimensional simulations, for the specific parameters used herein, overestimate diffusion coefficients by a factor of approximately 2, whereas full three-dimensional simulations accurately agree with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace T Flaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Nicole D Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Cyprien Vermelle
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9 Canada
| | - Tyler A Morhart
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - Bdhanya Ramaswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Stuart Read
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | | | - Garth Wells
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - Liam P Newman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9 Canada
| | - Noah Atkinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9 Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9 Canada
| | - Ian J Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
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3
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Lins E, Andvaag IR, Read S, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Dual-Frequency Comb Spectroscopy Studies of Ionic Strength Effects in Time-Resolved ATR-SEIRAS. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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Therien DAB, Read ST, Rosendahl SM, Lagugné‐Labarthet F. Optical Resonances of Chiral Metastructures in the Mid‐infrared Spectral Range. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis A. B. Therien
- Department of Chemistry Western University The University of Western Ontario). 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Stuart T. Read
- Canadian Light Source Inc. 44 Innovation Blvd Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - Scott M. Rosendahl
- Canadian Light Source Inc. 44 Innovation Blvd Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - François Lagugné‐Labarthet
- Department of Chemistry Western University The University of Western Ontario). 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
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5
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Furber KL, Lacombe RJS, Caine S, Thangaraj MP, Read S, Rosendahl SM, Bazinet RP, Popescu BF, Nazarali AJ. Biochemical Alterations in White Matter Tracts of the Aging Mouse Brain Revealed by FTIR Spectroscopy Imaging. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:795-810. [PMID: 34820737 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
White matter degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) has been correlated with a decline in cognitive function during aging. Ultrastructural examination of the aging human brain shows a loss of myelin, yet little is known about molecular and biochemical changes that lead to myelin degeneration. In this study, we investigate myelination across the lifespan in C57BL/6 mice using electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging to better understand the relationship between structural and biochemical changes in CNS white matter tracts. A decrease in the number of myelinated axons was associated with altered lipid profiles in the corpus callosum of aged mice. FTIR spectroscopic imaging revealed alterations in functional groups associated with phospholipids, including the lipid acyl, lipid ester and phosphate vibrations. Biochemical changes in white matter were observed prior to structural changes and most predominant in the anterior regions of the corpus callosum. This was supported by biochemical analysis of fatty acid composition that demonstrated an overall trend towards increased monounsaturated fatty acids and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids with age. To further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these biochemical alterations, gene expression profiles of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress pathways were investigated. A decrease in the expression of several genes involved in glutathione metabolism suggests that oxidative damage to lipids may contribute to age-related white matter degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Furber
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. .,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - R J Scott Lacombe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sally Caine
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Merlin P Thangaraj
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stuart Read
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Adil J Nazarali
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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6
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Morhart TA, Tu K, Read ST, Rosendahl SM, Wells G, Achenbach S, Burgess IJ. Surface enhanced infrared spectroelectrochemistry using a microband electrode. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The successful use of a microband electrode printed on a silicon internal reflection element to perform time resolved infrared spectroscopy is described. Decreasing the critical dimension of the microband electrode to several hundred micrometers provides a sub-microsecond time constant in a Kretschmann configured spectroelectrochemical cell. The high brilliance of synchrotron sourced infrared radiation has been combined with a specially designed horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) microscope to focus the infrared beam on the microband electrode. The first use of a sub-microsecond time constant working electrode for ATR surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) is reported. Measurements show that the advantage afforded by the high brilliance of the synchrotron source is at least partially offset by increased noise from the experimental floor. The test system was the potential induced desorption of an adsorbed monolayer of 4-methoxypyridine (MOP) as measured using step-scan interferometry. Based on diffusion considerations alone, the expected time scale of the process was less than 10 microseconds but was experimentally measured to be three orders of magnitude slower. A defect-mediated dissolution of the condensed film is speculated to be the underlying cause of the unexpected slow kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Kaiyang Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | | | | | - Garth Wells
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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7
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Tu K, Morhart TA, Read ST, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Probing Heterogeneity in Attenuated Total Reflection Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) Response with Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2021; 75:1198-1206. [PMID: 33709793 PMCID: PMC8446892 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211005817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of metal island films electrodeposited on conductive metal oxide modified internal reflection elements is shown to provide a variable attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) response. A self-assembled monolayer of a ferrocene-terminated thiol monolayer (FcC11SH) was formed on the gold islands covering a single substrate, which was measured using both a conventional spectrometer and a custom-built horizontal microscope. Cyclic voltammetry and ATR-SEIRAS results reveal that the FcC11SH-modified substrate undergoes a reversible electron transfer and an associated re-orientation of both the ferrocene/ferrocenium headgroup and the hydrocarbon backbone. The magnitude of the absorption signal arising from the redox changes in the monolayer, as well as the IR signature arising from the ingress/egress of the perchlorate counterions, is shown to depend significantly on the size of the infrared beam spot when using a conventional Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. By performing equivalent measurements on a horizontal microscope, the primary cause of the differences in the signal level is found to be the heterogeneity in the density of gold islands on the conductive metal oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon,
Canada
| | - Tyler A. Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon,
Canada
| | | | | | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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8
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Sirovica S, Solheim JH, Skoda MWA, Hirschmugl CJ, Mattson EC, Aboualizadeh E, Guo Y, Chen X, Kohler A, Romanyk DL, Rosendahl SM, Morsch S, Martin RA, Addison O. Origin of micro-scale heterogeneity in polymerisation of photo-activated resin composites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1849. [PMID: 32296060 PMCID: PMC7160210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-activated resin composites are widely used in industry and medicine. Despite extensive chemical characterisation, the micro-scale pattern of resin matrix reactive group conversion between filler particles is not fully understood. Using an advanced synchrotron-based wide-field IR imaging system and state-of-the-art Mie scattering corrections, we observe how the presence of monodispersed silica filler particles in a methacrylate based resin reduces local conversion and chemical bond strain in the polymer phase. Here we show that heterogeneity originates from a lower converted and reduced bond strain boundary layer encapsulating each particle, whilst at larger inter-particulate distances light attenuation and monomer mobility predominantly influence conversion. Increased conversion corresponds to greater bond strain, however, strain generation appears sensitive to differences in conversion rate and implies subtle distinctions in the final polymer structure. We expect these findings to inform current predictive models of mechanical behaviour in polymer-composite materials, particularly at the resin-filler interface. Resin-based-composites are widely used in industry and medicine but the influence of the filler particles on the reactive group conversion in photocurable resins is yet to be elucidated. Here the authors observe reduced local conversion and chemical bond strain in silica filler acrylate composite using synchrotron-based wide-field IR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Sirovica
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Johanne H Solheim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Maximilian W A Skoda
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Carol J Hirschmugl
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Eric C Mattson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ebrahim Aboualizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Yilan Guo
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Dan L Romanyk
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Scott M Rosendahl
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Suzanne Morsch
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard A Martin
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Owen Addison
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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9
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Lins E, Read S, Unni B, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Microsecond Resolved Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry Using Dual Frequency Comb IR Lasers. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6241-6244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Lins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Stuart Read
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Bipinlal Unni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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10
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Morhart TA, Read S, Wells G, Jacobs M, Rosendahl SM, Achenbach S, Burgess IJ. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectromicroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation and Micromachined Silicon Wafers for Microfluidic Applications. Appl Spectrosc 2018; 72:1781-1789. [PMID: 29893584 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818785640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A custom-designed optical configuration compatible with the use of micromachined multigroove internal reflection elements (μ-groove IREs) for attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and imaging applications in microfluidic devices is described. The μ-groove IREs consist of several face-angled grooves etched into a single, monolithic silicon chip. The optical configuration permits individual grooves to be addressed by focusing synchrotron sourced IR light through a 150 µm pinhole aperture, restricting the beam spot size to a dimension smaller than that of the groove walls. The effective beam spot diameter at the ATR sampling plane is determined through deconvolution of the measured detector response and found to be 70 µm. The μ-groove IREs are highly compatible with standard photolithographic techniques as demonstrated by printing a 400 µm wide channel in an SU-8 film spin-coated on the IRE surface. Attenuated total reflection FT-IR mapping as a function of sample position across the channel illustrates the potential application of this approach for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stuart Read
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Garth Wells
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ian J Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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11
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Lardner MJ, Tu K, Barlow BC, Rosendahl SM, Borondics F, Burgess IJ. Quantitative analysis of electrochemical diffusion layers using synchrotron infrared radiation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Morhart TA, Quirk A, Lardner MJ, May TE, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Femtomole Infrared Spectroscopy at the Electrified Metal–Solution Interface. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9351-9354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Amanda Quirk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Michael J. Lardner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Tim E. May
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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13
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Ohigashi T, Nagasaka M, Horigome T, Kosugi N, Rosendahl SM, Hitchcock AP. B14-O-03Development of In-situSample Cells for Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy at UVSOR. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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14
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Lardner MJ, Tu K, Rosendahl SM, Borondics F, Burgess IJ. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Diffusion Layers Using Synchrotron Infrared Radiation. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Rosendahl SM, Borondics F, May TE, Burgess IJ. Step-scan IR spectroelectrochemistry with ultramicroelectrodes: nonsurface enhanced detection of near femtomole quantities using synchrotron radiation. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8722-7. [PMID: 23930773 DOI: 10.1021/ac401799z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The result of interfacing step-scan spectroelectrochemistry with an IR microscope and synchrotron infrared (SIR) radiation is provided here. An external reflectance cell containing a 25 μm gold ultramicroelectrode is employed to achieve an electrochemical time constant less than one microsecond. The use of a prototypical electrochemical system, i.e., the mass-transport controlled reduction of ferricyanide, allows for a proof of principle evaluation of the viability of SIR for step-scan spectroelectrochemistry. An analysis of the importance of accounting for synchrotron source variation over the prolonged duration of a step-scan experiment is provided. Modeling of the material flux in the restricted diffusion space afforded by the external reflectance cell allows the quantitative IR results to be compared to theoretical predictions. The results indicate that only at very short times does linear diffusion within the cavity dominate the electrode response and the majority of the transient signal operates under conditions of quasi-hemispherical diffusion. The analytical information provided by the IR signal is found to be considerably less than that derived from the current response due the latter's pronounced edge effects. The results provide a detection limit of 36 fmol for step-scan SIR measurements of ferrocyanide. Implications for future IR spectroelectrochemical studies in the microsecond domain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Rosendahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9 Canada
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16
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Rosendahl SM, Borondics F, May TE, Pedersen TM, Burgess IJ. Interface for time-resolved electrochemical infrared microspectroscopy using synchrotron infrared radiation. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:083105. [PMID: 21895231 DOI: 10.1063/1.3624693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A description of a coupled electrochemical and spectrometer interface using synchrotron infrared radiation is provided. The interface described allows for the precise and accurate timing needed for time-resolved IR spectroscopic studies of electrochemical systems. The overall interface uses a series of transistor-transistor logic trigger signals generated from the commercial FTIR spectrometer to regulate the recording of control, electrochemical, and IR signals with reproducible and adjustable timing. The instrument has been tested using a thin-layer electrochemical cell with synchrotron light focused through microscope optics. The time-resolved response of the benzoquinone/dihydroxybenzoquinone redox couple is illustrated as an example of the instrument's capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Rosendahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Rosendahl SM, Borondics F, May TE, Pedersen TM, Burgess IJ. Synchrotron Infrared Radiation for Electrochemical External Reflection Spectroscopy: A Case Study Using Ferrocyanide. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3632-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200250s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Rosendahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9 Canada
| | | | - Tim E. May
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X4 Canada
| | - Tor M. Pedersen
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X4 Canada
| | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9 Canada
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Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Charge transfer and SEIRAS studies of 1,4-benzoquinone functionalized mixed monothiol/dithiol self-assembled monolayers. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rosendahl SM, Danger BR, Vivek JP, Burgess IJ. Surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy studies of DMAP adsorption on gold surfaces. Langmuir 2009; 25:2241-2247. [PMID: 19199729 DOI: 10.1021/la803404u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflectance surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) measurements have been employed to study the adsorption of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and its conjugate acid (DMAPH+) on gold surfaces as a function of applied potential and solution pH. Based on our transmission measurements, we have been able to demonstrate that the acid/base forms of this pyridine derivative can be readily differentiated due to their distinct IR signals. When the solution pH is equal to the pKa of DMAPH+, we demonstrate that the adsorbing species is DMAP, oriented with its heterocyclic ring perpendicular to the electrode surface. In acidic electrolytes, our SEIRAS data provide direct spectroscopic evidence of DMAP monolayer formation even though the pH is 5 units below the pKa of the conjugate acid. Our data support a potential induced deprotonation of the endocyclic nitrogen and resulting coordination of the nitrogen lone pair to the gold surface. Both of these results confirm our existing model of DMAP adsorption previously based solely on electrochemical measurements. However, the present SEIRAS study also indicates that, at low pH, DMAPH+ can electrostatically coordinate to very negatively charged surfaces. This mode of adsorption was previously unobserved, illustrating the ability of in situ spectroscopic techniques to reveal new information that is not apparent from traditional electrochemical techniques such as differential capacity and chronocoulometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Rosendahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9 Canada
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Schipper HM, Kwok CS, Rosendahl SM, Bandilla D, Maes O, Melmed C, Rabinovitch D, Burns DH. Spectroscopy of human plasma for diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Biomark Med 2008; 2:229-38. [DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: No established chemical biomarkers of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) currently exist. Augmented oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in both neural and peripheral PD tissues. Methods: In this study, Raman scattering and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to detect and quantify oxidative substrate modifications in blood plasma samples from PD and normal elderly control (NEC) subjects. Results:Hypothesis-driven preselection of OS-sensitive bandwidths distinguished PD from NEC subjects with approximately 75% sensitivity and specificity using both complementary spectroscopic techniques. Conclusion: Biospectroscopy of plasma may provide a rapid, minimally invasive and inexpensive chemical biomarker of idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyman M Schipper
- Centre for Neurotranslational Research, Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Shing Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Scott M Rosendahl
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Dirk Bandilla
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Olivier Maes
- Centre for Neurotranslational Research, Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Calvin Melmed
- Centre for Neurotranslational Research, Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Rabinovitch
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David H Burns
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
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Seli E, Sakkas D, Scott R, Kwok SC, Rosendahl SM, Burns DH. Noninvasive metabolomic profiling of embryo culture media using Raman and near-infrared spectroscopy correlates with reproductive potential of embryos in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:1350-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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