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Stojanović S, Ristović M, Stepanović J, Margetić A, Duduk B, Vujčić Z, Dojnov B. Aspergillus welwitschiae inulinase enzyme cocktails obtained on agro-material inducers for the purpose of fructooligosaccharides production. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lin MC, Kuo HW, Kao MR, Lin WD, Li CW, Hung KS, Yang SC, Yu SM, Ho THD. From simple and specific zymographic detections to the annotation of a fungus Daldinia caldariorum D263 that encodes a wide range of highly bioactive cellulolytic enzymes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:120. [PMID: 34020690 PMCID: PMC8140500 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulolytic enzymes are essential for agricultural waste disposal and production of renewable bioenergy. Many commercialized cellulase mixtures have been developed, mostly from saprophytic or endophytic fungal species. The cost of complete cellulose digestion is considerable because a wide range of cellulolytic enzymes is needed. However, most fungi can only produce limited range of highly bioactive cellulolytic enzymes. We aimed to investigate a simple yet specific method for discovering unique enzymes so that fungal species producing a diverse group of cellulolytic enzymes can be identified. RESULTS The culture medium of an endophytic fungus, Daldinia caldariorum D263, contained a complete set of cellulolytic enzymes capable of effectively digesting cellulose residues into glucose. By taking advantage of the unique product inhibition property of β-glucosidases, we have established an improved zymography method that can easily distinguish β-glucosidase and exoglucanase activity. Our zymography method revealed that D263 can secrete a wide range of highly bioactive cellulases. Analyzing the assembled genome of D263, we found over 100 potential genes for cellulolytic enzymes that are distinct from those of the commercially used fungal species Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. We further identified several of these cellulolytic enzymes by mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS The genome of Daldinia caldariorum D263 has been sequenced and annotated taking advantage of a simple yet specific zymography method followed by mass spectrometry analysis, and it appears to encode and secrete a wide range of bioactive cellulolytic enzymes. The genome and cellulolytic enzyme secretion of this unique endophytic fungus should be of value for identifying active cellulolytic enzymes that can facilitate conversion of agricultural wastes to fermentable sugars for the industrial production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsion-Wen Kuo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Rong Kao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Dar Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Wei Li
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Chih Yang
- Institute of Tropical Plant Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-May Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tuan-Hua David Ho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Grujić M, Dojnov B, Potočnik I, Atanasova L, Duduk B, Srebotnik E, Druzhinina IS, Kubicek CP, Vujčić Z. Superior cellulolytic activity of Trichoderma guizhouense on raw wheat straw. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:194. [PMID: 31776792 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic plant biomass is the world's most abundant carbon source and has consequently attracted attention as a renewable resource for production of biofuels and commodity chemicals that could replace fossil resources. Due to its recalcitrant nature, it must be pretreated by chemical, physical or biological means prior to hydrolysis, introducing additional costs. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that fungi which thrive on lignocellulosic material (straw, bark or soil) would be efficient in degrading untreated lignocellulose. Wheat straw was used as a model. We developed a fast and simple screening method for cellulase producers and tested one hundred Trichoderma strains isolated from wheat straw. The most potent strain-UB483FTG2/ TUCIM 4455, was isolated from substrate used for mushroom cultivation and was identified as T. guizhouense. After optimization of growth medium, high cellulase activity was already achieved after 72 h of fermentation on raw wheat straw, while the model cellulase overproducing strain T. reesei QM 9414 took 170 h and reached only 45% of the cellulase activity secreted by T. guizhouense. Maximum production levels were 1.1 U/mL (measured with CMC as cellulase substrate) and 0.7 U/mL (β-glucosidase assay). The T. guizhouense cellulase cocktail hydrolyzed raw wheat straw within 35 h. Our study shows that screening for fungi that successfully compete for special substrates in nature will lead to the isolation of strains with qualitatively and quantitatively superior enzymes needed for their digestion which could be used for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Grujić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Dojnov
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Potočnik
- Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, PO Box 163, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lea Atanasova
- Microbiology and Applied Genomics Group, Research Division of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/E166-5, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bojan Duduk
- Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, PO Box 163, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ewald Srebotnik
- Bioresource Technology Group, Research Division of Bioresources and Plant Science, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E166-A, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina S Druzhinina
- Microbiology and Applied Genomics Group, Research Division of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/E166-5, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christian P Kubicek
- Microbiology and Applied Genomics Group, Research Division of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/E166-5, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,, Steinschötelgasse 7, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
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Batista-García RA, Sutton T, Jackson SA, Tovar-Herrera OE, Balcázar-López E, Sánchez-Carbente MDR, Sánchez-Reyes A, Dobson ADW, Folch-Mallol JL. Characterization of lignocellulolytic activities from fungi isolated from the deep-sea sponge Stelletta normani. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173750. [PMID: 28339473 PMCID: PMC5365110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme habitats have usually been regarded as a source of microorganisms that possess robust proteins that help enable them to survive in such harsh conditions. The deep sea can be considered an extreme habitat due to low temperatures (<5°C) and high pressure, however marine sponges survive in these habitats. While bacteria derived from deep-sea marine sponges have been studied, much less information is available on fungal biodiversity associated with these sponges. Following screening of fourteen fungi isolated from the deep-sea sponge Stelletta normani sampled at a depth of 751 metres, three halotolerant strains (TS2, TS11 and TS12) were identified which displayed high CMCase and xylanase activities. Molecular based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as Cadophora sp. TS2, Emericellopsis sp. TS11 and Pseudogymnoascus sp. TS 12. These three fungi displayed psychrotolerance and halotolerant growth on CMC and xylan as sole carbon sources, with optimal growth rates at 20°C. They produced CMCase and xylanase activities, which displayed optimal temperature and pH values of between 50-70°C and pH 5-8 respectively, together with good thermostability and halotolerance. In solid-state fermentations TS2, TS11 and TS12 produced CMCases, xylanases and peroxidase/phenol oxidases when grown on corn stover and wheat straw. This is the first time that CMCase, xylanase and peroxidase/phenol oxidase activities have been reported in these three fungal genera isolated from a marine sponge. Given the biochemical characteristics of these ligninolytic enzymes it is likely that they may prove useful in future biomass conversion strategies involving lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Thomas Sutton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen A. Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Omar Eduardo Tovar-Herrera
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Edgar Balcázar-López
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Ayixon Sánchez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alan D. W. Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Coniglio RO, Fonseca MI, Villalba LL, Zapata PD. Screening of new secretory cellulases from different supernatants of white rot fungi from Misiones, Argentina. Mycology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2016.1267047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Olga Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
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Cano-Ramírez C, Santiago-Hernández A, Rivera-Orduña FN, Pineda-Mendoza RM, Zúñiga G, Hidalgo-Lara ME. One-step zymogram method for the simultaneous detection of cellulase/xylanase activity and molecular weight estimation of the enzyme. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:447-451. [PMID: 27873329 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a zymographic method for the simultaneous detection of enzymatic activity and molecular weight (MW) estimation, following a single electrophoresis step. This involved separating cellulase and xylanase activities from bacteria and fungi, obtained from different sources, such as commercial extracts, crude extract and purified proteins, under denaturing conditions, by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with 1% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose or beechwood xylan as substrates. Then, enzymes were refolded by treatment with 2.5% Triton X-100 in an appropriate buffer for each enzymatic activity, and visualized by Coomassie blue staining for MW estimation. Finally, Congo red staining revealed bio-active cellulase and xylanase bands after electrophoretic separation of the proteins in the preparations. This method may provide a useful additional tool for screening of particular cellulase and xylanase producers, identification and MW estimation of polypeptides that manifest these activities, and for monitoring and control of fungal and bacterial cellulase and xylanase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México D.F., México
| | | | - Flor Nohemí Rivera-Orduña
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México D.F., México
| | | | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México D.F., México
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