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Pineda-Mendoza RM, Gutiérrez-Ávila JL, Salazar KF, Rivera-Orduña FN, Davis TS, Zúñiga G. Comparative metabarcoding and biodiversity of gut-associated fungal assemblages of Dendroctonus species (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360488. [PMID: 38525076 PMCID: PMC10959539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Dendroctonus is a Holarctic taxon composed of 21 nominal species; some of these species are well known in the world as disturbance agents of forest ecosystems. Under the bark of the host tree, these insects are involved in complex and dynamic associations with phoretic ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic communities. Unlike filamentous fungi and bacteria, the ecological role of yeasts in the bark beetle holobiont is poorly understood, though yeasts were the first group to be recorded as microbial symbionts of these beetles. Our aim was characterize and compare the gut fungal assemblages associated to 14 species of Dendroctonus using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. A total of 615,542 sequences were recovered yielding 248 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The fungal diversity was represented by 4 phyla, 16 classes, 34 orders, 54 families, and 71 genera with different relative abundances among Dendroctonus species. The α-diversity consisted of 32 genera of yeasts and 39 genera of filamentous fungi. An analysis of β-diversity indicated differences in the composition of the gut fungal assemblages among bark beetle species, with differences in species and phylogenetic diversity. A common core mycobiome was recognized at the genus level, integrated mainly by Candida present in all bark beetles, Nakazawaea, Cladosporium, Ogataea, and Yamadazyma. The bipartite networks confirmed that these fungal genera showed a strong association between beetle species and dominant fungi, which are key to maintaining the structure and stability of the fungal community. The functional variation in the trophic structure was identified among libraries and species, with pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph represented at the highest frequency, followed by saprotroph-symbiotroph, and saprotroph only. The overall network suggested that yeast and fungal ASVs in the gut of these beetles showed positive and negative associations among them. This study outlines a mycobiome associated with Dendroctonus nutrition and provides a starting point for future in vitro and omics approaches addressing potential ecological functions and interactions among fungal assemblages and beetle hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Pineda-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Gutiérrez-Ávila
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kevin F. Salazar
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor N. Rivera-Orduña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thomas S. Davis
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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López-Cuamatzi IL, Ortega J, Ospina-Garcés SM, Zúñiga G, MacSwiney G. MC. Molecular and morphological data suggest a new species of big-eared bat (Vespertilionidae: Corynorhinus) endemic to northeastern Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296275. [PMID: 38381712 PMCID: PMC10881012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Corynorhinus mexicanus is an insectivorous bat endemic to Mexico that inhabits the high and humid regions of the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO), the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), and the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOC). A previous study suggested that C. mexicanus could be a cryptic species complex due to the genetic divergence observed between specimens from the TMVB and SMOC. The present study implemented phylogenetic, population genetics, and morphological analyses to evaluate the hypothesis that C. mexicanus is a species complex. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. mexicanus is a polyphyletic species composed of three indirectly related lineages. The estimated divergence times for the lineages suggest that they first originated during the Pliocene, while the second and third shared a common ancestor with C. townsendii 1.55 million years ago, and diverged 600,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene. The population genetics analysis reveals the SMO lineage of C. mexicanus is an isolated genetic group and highly diverged from the rest of lineages (SMOC and TMVB). The morphological analyses showed variation in the skull and mandible associated with the lineages and sex of the specimens, highlighting a difference in mandible shape between the specimens of the SMO and the rest of C. mexicanus. The results of this study suggest the presence of an undescribed species of the genus Corynorhinus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra M. Ospina-Garcés
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexic
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Cristina MacSwiney G.
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, Mexico
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Fernández-González O, González-Quevedo D, Zúñiga G, Arrabal-Sánchez R, Tamimi I. Predictive Factors for Length of Hospital Stay and Intensive Care Admission in Patients With Rib Fractures. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:836-838. [PMID: 37777379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David González-Quevedo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain.
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Iskandar Tamimi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain
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Quijano-Barraza JM, Zúñiga G, Cano-Ramírez C, López MF, Ramírez-Salinas GL, Becerril M. Evolution and functional role prediction of the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies in Dendroctonus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) bark beetles. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1274838. [PMID: 37877122 PMCID: PMC10593416 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1274838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus-bark beetles are natural components and key ecological agents of coniferous forests. They spend most of their lives under the bark, where they are exposed to highly toxic terpenes present in the oleoresin. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a multigene family involved in the detoxification of these compounds. It has been demonstrated that CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies hydroxylate monoterpenes, whose derivatives can act as pheromone synergist compounds or be pheromones themselves in these insects. Given the diversity and functional role of CYPs, we investigated whether these cytochromes have retained their function throughout the evolution of these insects. To test this hypothesis, we performed a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to determine phylogenetic subgroups of cytochromes in these subfamilies. Subgroups were mapped and reconciled with the Dendroctonus phylogeny. Molecular docking analyses were performed with the cytochromes of each subgroup and enantiomers of α-pinene and β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, β-myrcene and R-(+)-limonene. In addition, functional divergence analysis was performed to identify critical amino acid sites that influence changes in catalytic site conformation and/or protein folding. Three and two phylogenetic subgroups were recovered for the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies, respectively. Mapping and reconciliation analysis showed different gain and loss patterns for cytochromes of each subgroup. Functional predictions indicated that the cytochromes analyzed are able to hydroxylate all monoterpenes; however, they showed preferential affinities to different monoterpenes. Functional divergence analyses indicated that the CYP6DE subfamily has experimented type I and II divergence, whereas the CYP6DJ subfamily has evolved under strong functional constraints. Results suggest cytochromes of the CYP6DE subfamily evolve to reinforce their detoxifying capacity hydroxylating mainly α- and β-pinene to (+) and (-)-trans-verbenol, being the negative enantiomer used as a pheromone by several Dendroctonus species; whereas cytochromes of the CYP6DJ subfamily appear to retain their original function related to the detoxification of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Manuel Quijano-Barraza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gema L. Ramírez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Becerril
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rivera-Orduña FN, Pineda-Mendoza RM, Vega-Correa B, López MF, Cano-Ramírez C, Zhang XX, Chen WF, Zúñiga G. A polyphasic taxonomy analysis reveals the presence of an ecotype of Rahnella contaminans associated with the gut of Dendroctonus-bark beetles. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171164. [PMID: 37180241 PMCID: PMC10174453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Species belonging to the genus Rahnella are dominant members of the core gut bacteriome of Dendroctonus-bark beetles, a group of insects that includes the most destructive agents of pine forest in North and Central America, and Eurasia. From 300 isolates recovered from the gut of these beetles, 10 were selected to describe an ecotype of Rahnella contaminans. The polyphasic approach conducted with these isolates included phenotypic characteristics, fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA gene, multilocus sequence analyses (gyrB, rpoB, infB, and atpD genes), and complete genome sequencing of two isolates, ChDrAdgB13 and JaDmexAd06, representative of the studied set. Phenotypic characterization, chemotaxonomic analysis, phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, and multilocus sequence analysis showed that these isolates belonged to Rahnella contaminans. The G + C content of the genome of ChDrAdgB13 (52.8%) and JaDmexAd06 (52.9%) was similar to those from other Rahnella species. The ANI between ChdrAdgB13 and JaDmexAd06 and Rahnella species including R. contaminans, varied from 84.02 to 99.18%. The phylogenomic analysis showed that both strains integrated a consistent and well-defined cluster, together with R. contaminans. A noteworthy observation is the presence of peritrichous flagella and fimbriae in the strains ChDrAdgB13 and JaDmexAd06. The in silico analysis of genes encoding the flagellar system of these strains and Rahnella species showed the presence of flag-1 primary system encoding peritrichous flagella, as well as fimbriae genes from the families type 1, α, β and σ mainly encoding chaperone/usher fimbriae and other uncharacterized families. All this evidence indicates that isolates from the gut of Dendroctonus-bark beetles are an ecotype of R. contaminans, which is dominant and persistent in all developmental stages of these bark beetles and one of the main members of their core gut bacteriome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor N. Rivera-Orduña
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Pineda-Mendoza
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Vega-Correa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xiao Xia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Gerardo Zúñiga,
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Vazquez-Ortiz K, Pineda-Mendoza RM, González-Escobedo R, Davis TS, Salazar KF, Rivera-Orduña FN, Zúñiga G. Metabarcoding of mycetangia from the Dendroctonus frontalis species complex (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) reveals diverse and functionally redundant fungal assemblages. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:969230. [PMID: 36187976 PMCID: PMC9524821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus-bark beetles are associated with microbes that can detoxify terpenes, degrade complex molecules, supplement and recycle nutrients, fix nitrogen, produce semiochemicals, and regulate ecological interactions between microbes. Females of some Dendroctonus species harbor microbes in specialized organs called mycetangia; yet little is known about the microbial diversity contained in these structures. Here, we use metabarcoding to characterize mycetangial fungi from beetle species in the Dendroctonus frontalis complex, and analyze variation in biodiversity of microbial assemblages between beetle species. Overall fungal diversity was represented by 4 phyla, 13 classes, 25 orders, 39 families, and 48 genera, including 33 filamentous fungi, and 15 yeasts. The most abundant genera were Entomocorticium, Candida, Ophiostoma-Sporothrix, Ogataea, Nakazawaea, Yamadazyma, Ceratocystiopsis, Grosmannia-Leptographium, Absidia, and Cyberlindnera. Analysis of α-diversity indicated that fungal assemblages of D. vitei showed the highest richness and diversity, whereas those associated with D. brevicomis and D. barberi had the lowest richness and diversity, respectively. Analysis of β-diversity showed clear differentiation in the assemblages associated with D. adjunctus, D. barberi, and D. brevicomis, but not between closely related species, including D. frontalis and D. mesoamericanus and D. mexicanus and D. vitei. A core mycobiome was not statistically identified; however, the genus Ceratocystiopsis was shared among seven beetle species. Interpretation of a tanglegram suggests evolutionary congruence between fungal assemblages and species of the D. frontalis complex. The presence of different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the same genus in assemblages from species of the D. frontalis complex outlines the complexity of molecular networks, with the most complex assemblages identified from D. vitei, D. mesoamericanus, D. adjunctus, and D. frontalis. Analysis of functional variation of fungal assemblages indicated multiple trophic groupings, symbiotroph/saprotroph guilds represented with the highest frequency (∼31% of identified genera). These findings improve our knowledge about the diversity of mycetangial communities in species of the D. frontalis complex and suggest that minimal apparently specific assemblages are maintained and regulated within mycetangia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vazquez-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Pineda-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Román González-Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Thomas S. Davis
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kevin F. Salazar
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor N. Rivera-Orduña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Flor N. Rivera-Orduña,
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Gerardo Zúñiga,
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Pineda-Mendoza RM, Zúñiga G, López MF, Hidalgo-Lara ME, Santiago-Hernández A, López-López A, Orduña FNR, Cano-Ramírez C. Rahnella sp., a Dominant Symbiont of the Core Gut Bacteriome of Dendroctonus Species, Has Metabolic Capacity to Degrade Xylan by Bifunctional Xylanase-Ferulic Acid Esterase. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911269. [PMID: 35711755 PMCID: PMC9195170 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rahnella sp. ChDrAdgB13 is a dominant member of the gut bacterial core of species of the genus Dendroctonus, which is one of the most destructive pine forest bark beetles. The objectives of this study were identified in Rahnella sp. ChDrAdgB13 genome the glycosyl hydrolase families involved in carbohydrate metabolism and specifically, the genes that participate in xylan hydrolysis, to determine the functionality of a putative endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase, which results to be bifunctional xylanase-ferulic acid esterase called R13 Fae and characterize it biochemically. The carbohydrate-active enzyme prediction revealed 25 glycoside hydrolases, 20 glycosyl transferases, carbohydrate esterases, two auxiliary activities, one polysaccharide lyase, and one carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). The R13 Fae predicted showed high identity to the putative esterases and glycosyl hydrolases from Rahnella species and some members of the Yersiniaceae family. The r13 fae gene encodes 393 amino acids (43.5 kDa), containing a signal peptide, esterase catalytic domain, and CBM48. The R13 Fae modeling showed a higher binding affinity to ferulic acid, α-naphthyl acetate, and arabinoxylan, and a low affinity to starch. The R13 Fae recombinant protein showed activity on α-naphthyl acetate and xylan, but not on starch. This enzyme showed mesophilic characteristics, displaying its optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 25°C. The enzyme was stable at pH from 4.5 to 9.0, retaining nearly 66-71% of its original activity. The half-life of the enzyme was 23 days at 25°C. The enzyme was stable in the presence of metallic ions, except for Hg2+. The products of R13 Fae mediated hydrolysis of beechwood xylan were xylobiose and xylose, manifesting an exo-activity. The results suggest that Rahnella sp. ChDrAdgB13 hydrolyze xylan and its products could be assimilated by its host and other gut microbes as a nutritional source, demonstrating their functional role in the bacterial-insect interaction contributing to their fitness, development, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Pineda-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Hidalgo-Lara
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería de Proteínas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Santiago-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería de Proteínas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Azucena López-López
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería de Proteínas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor N. Rivera Orduña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Aguilar-Rodea P, Zúñiga G, Cerritos R, Rodríguez-Espino BA, Gomez-Ramirez U, Nolasco-Romero CG, López-Marceliano B, Rodea GE, Mendoza-Elizalde S, Reyes-López A, Olivares Clavijo H, Vigueras Galindo JC, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Rosas-Pérez I. Nucleotide substitutions in the mexR, nalC and nalD regulator genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump are maintained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetic lineages. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266742. [PMID: 35536836 PMCID: PMC9089866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has different resistant mechanisms including the constitutive MexAB-OprM efflux pump. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mexR, nalC, and nalD repressors of this efflux pump can contribute to antimicrobial resistance; however, it is unknown whether these changes are mainly related to genetic lineages or environmental pressure. This study identifies SNPs in the mexR, nalC, and nalD genes in clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa (including high-risk clones). Ninety-one P. aeruginosa strains were classified according to their resistance to antibiotics, typified by multilocus sequencing, and mexR, nalC, and nalD genes sequenced for SNPs identification. The mexAB-oprM transcript expression was determined. The 96.7% of the strains were classified as multidrug resistant. Eight strains produced serine carbapenemases, and 11 strains metallo-β-lactamases. Twenty-three new STs and high-risk clones ST111 and ST233 were identified. SNPs in the mexR, nalC, and nalD genes revealed 27 different haplotypes (patterns). Sixty-two mutational changes were identified, 13 non-synonymous. Haplotype 1 was the most frequent (n = 40), and mainly identified in strains ST1725 (33/40), with 57.5% pan drug resistant strains, 36.5% extensive drug resistant and two strains exhibiting serin-carbapenemases. Haplotype 12 (n = 9) was identified in ST233 and phylogenetically related STs, with 100% of the strains exhibiting XDR and 90% producing metallo-β-lactamases. Haplotype 5 was highly associated with XDR and related to dead when compared to ST1725 and ST233 (RRR 23.34; p = 0.009 and RRR 32.01; p = 0.025). A significant relationship between the mexR-nalC-nalD haplotypes and phylogenetically related STs was observed, suggesting mutational changes in these repressors are highly maintained within genetic lineages. In addition, phylogenetically related STs showed similar resistant profiles; however, the resistance was (likely or partly) attributed to the MexAB-OprM efflux pump in 56% of the strains (only 45.05% showed mexA overtranscription), in the remaining strains the resistance could be attributed to carbapenemases or mechanisms including other pumps, since same SNPs in the repressor genes gave rise to different resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Aerobiología, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - René Cerritos
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas Población y Salud, Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Benjamín Antonio Rodríguez-Espino
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Uriel Gomez-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiologicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina G. Nolasco-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiologicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz López-Marceliano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo E. Rodea
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Juan Carlos Vigueras Galindo
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Irma Rosas-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Aerobiología, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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9
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López-Cuamatzi IL, Hortelano-Moncada Y, Ortega J, Ospina-Garcés SM, Zúñiga G, Mac Swiney G. MC. Extension of the distribution of Townsend’s Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper, 1837) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), to Chiapas, Mexico. CheckList 2022. [DOI: 10.15560/18.2.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first record of Townsend’s Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper, 1837) from Chiapas, Mexico, based on three females collected on 29 September 1979 near Ocozocoautla de Espinosa and stored in the Colección Nacional de Mamíferos of the Instituto de Biología at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. The Chiapas locality is ~180 km east of the closest previously known occurrence in Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. This extends the distribution of C. townsendii through tropical areas of southeastern Mexico and corroborates the capacity of this species to inhabit a diversity of ecosystems.
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10
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Torres-Banda V, Obregón-Molina G, Viridiana Soto-Robles L, Albores-Medina A, Fernanda López M, Zúñiga G. Gut transcriptome of two bark beetle species stimulated with the same kairomones reveals molecular differences in detoxification pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3080-3095. [PMID: 35782727 PMCID: PMC9233182 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus bark beetles are the most destructive agents in coniferous forests. These beetles come into contact with the toxic compounds of their host's chemical defenses throughout their life cycle, some of which are also used by the insects as kairomones to select their host trees during the colonization process. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the insects counteract the toxicity of these compounds. Here, two sibling species of bark beetles, D. valens and D. rhizophagus, were stimulated with vapors of a blend of their main kairomones (α-pinene, β-pinene and 3-carene), in order to compare the transcriptional response of their gut. A total of 48 180 unigenes were identified in D. valens and 43 704 in D. rhizophagus, in response to kairomones blend. The analysis of differential gene expression showed a transcriptional response in D. valens (739 unigenes, 0.58–10.36 Log2FC) related to digestive process and in D. rhizophagus (322 unigenes 0.87–13.08 Log2FC) related to xenobiotics metabolism. The expression profiles of detoxification genes mainly evidenced the up-regulation of COEs and GSTs in D. valens, and the up-regulation of P450s in D. rhizophagus. Results suggest that terpenes metabolism comes accompanied by an integral hormetic response, result of compensatory mechanisms, including the activation of other metabolic pathways, to ensure the supply of energy and the survival of organisms which is specific for each species, according to its life history and ecological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torres-Banda
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Obregón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - L. Viridiana Soto-Robles
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Albores-Medina
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding authors.
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11
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Gomez-Ramirez U, Valencia-Mayoral P, Mendoza-Elizalde S, Murillo-Eliosa JR, Solórzano Santos F, Contreras-Rodríguez A, Zúñiga G, Aguilar-Rodea P, Jiménez-Rojas VL, Vigueras Galindo JC, Salazar-García M, Velázquez-Guadarrama N. Role of Helicobacter pylori and Other Environmental Factors in the Development of Gastric Dysbiosis. Pathogens 2021; 10:1203. [PMID: 34578235 PMCID: PMC8467233 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes are defined as complex microbial communities, which are mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses residing in diverse regions of the human body. The human stomach consists of a unique and heterogeneous habitat of microbial communities owing to its anatomical and functional characteristics, that allow the optimal growth of characteristic bacteria in this environment. Gastric dysbiosis, which is defined as compositional and functional alterations of the gastric microbiota, can be induced by multiple environmental factors, such as age, diet, multiple antibiotic therapies, proton pump inhibitor abuse, H. pylori status, among others. Although H. pylori colonization has been reported across the world, chronic H. pylori infection may lead to serious consequences; therefore, the infection must be treated. Multiple antibiotic therapy improvements are not always successful because of the lack of adherence to the prescribed antibiotic treatment. However, the abuse of eradication treatments can generate gastric dysbiotic states. Dysbiosis of the gastric microenvironment induces microbial resilience, due to the loss of relevant commensal bacteria and simultaneous colonization by other pathobiont bacteria, which can generate metabolic and physiological changes or even initiate and develop other gastric disorders by non-H. pylori bacteria. This systematic review opens a discussion on the effects of multiple environmental factors on gastric microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Gomez-Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (U.G.-R.); (S.M.-E.); (F.S.S.); (P.A.-R.); (V.L.J.-R.); (J.C.V.G.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Pedro Valencia-Mayoral
- Departamento de Patología Clínica y Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (P.V.-M.); (J.R.M.-E.)
| | - Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (U.G.-R.); (S.M.-E.); (F.S.S.); (P.A.-R.); (V.L.J.-R.); (J.C.V.G.)
| | - Juan Rafael Murillo-Eliosa
- Departamento de Patología Clínica y Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (P.V.-M.); (J.R.M.-E.)
| | - Fortino Solórzano Santos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (U.G.-R.); (S.M.-E.); (F.S.S.); (P.A.-R.); (V.L.J.-R.); (J.C.V.G.)
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (U.G.-R.); (S.M.-E.); (F.S.S.); (P.A.-R.); (V.L.J.-R.); (J.C.V.G.)
| | - Verónica Leticia Jiménez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (U.G.-R.); (S.M.-E.); (F.S.S.); (P.A.-R.); (V.L.J.-R.); (J.C.V.G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Vigueras Galindo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (U.G.-R.); (S.M.-E.); (F.S.S.); (P.A.-R.); (V.L.J.-R.); (J.C.V.G.)
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (U.G.-R.); (S.M.-E.); (F.S.S.); (P.A.-R.); (V.L.J.-R.); (J.C.V.G.)
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12
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Gómez R, Vilar MG, Meraz-Ríos MA, Véliz D, Zúñiga G, Hernández-Tobías EA, Figueroa-Corona MDP, Owings AC, Gaieski JB, Schurr TG. Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico. iScience 2021; 24:102487. [PMID: 34036249 PMCID: PMC8138773 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Native Mexican populations are crucial for understanding the genetic ancestry of Aztec descendants and coexisting ethnolinguistic groups in the Valley of Mexico and elucidating the population dynamics of the prehistoric colonization of the Americas. Mesoamerican societies were multicultural in nature and also experienced significant admixture during Spanish colonization of the region. Despite these facts, Native Mexican Y chromosome diversity has been greatly understudied. To further elucidate their genetic history, we conducted a high-resolution Y chromosome analysis with Chichimecas, Nahuas, Otomies, Popolocas, Tepehuas, and Totonacas using 19 Y-short tandem repeat and 21 single nucleotide polymorphism loci. We detected enormous paternal genetic diversity in these groups, with haplogroups Q-MEH2, Q-M3, Q-Z768, Q-L663, Q-Z780, and Q-PV3 being identified. These data affirmed the southward colonization of the Americas via Beringia and connected Native Mexicans with indigenous populations from South-Central Siberia and Canada. They also suggested that multiple population dispersals gave rise to Y chromosome diversity in these populations. Enormous Y chromosome diversity observed in Native Mexican populations. Haplogroups Q-MEH2, Q-M3, Q-Z768, Q-L663, Q-Z780, and Q-PV3 were identified. Patterns of Y chromosome diversity not shaped by ethnicity, geography, or language. Multiple population dispersals contributed to Y chromosome diversity in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Toxicología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Miguel G Vilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA.,National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | | | - David Véliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Amanda C Owings
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
| | - Jill B Gaieski
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
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13
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Soto-Robles LV, López MF, Torres-Banda V, Cano-Ramírez C, Obregón-Molina G, Zúñiga G. The Bark Beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Has Digestive Capacity to Degrade Complex Substrates: Functional Characterization and Heterologous Expression of an α-Amylase. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010036. [PMID: 33375157 PMCID: PMC7792934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus-bark beetles are natural agents contributing to vital processes in coniferous forests, such as regeneration, succession, and material recycling, as they colonize and kill damaged, stressed, or old pine trees. These beetles spend most of their life cycle under stem and roots bark where they breed, develop, and feed on phloem. This tissue is rich in essential nutrients and complex molecules such as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which apparently are not available for these beetles. We evaluated the digestive capacity of Dendroctonusrhizophagus to hydrolyze starch. Our aim was to identify α-amylases and characterize them both molecularly and biochemically. The findings showed that D. rhizophagus has an α-amylase gene (AmyDr) with a single isoform, and ORF of 1452 bp encoding a 483-amino acid protein (53.15 kDa) with a predicted signal peptide of 16 amino acids. AmyDr has a mutation in the chlorine-binding site, present in other phytophagous insects and in a marine bacterium. Docking analysis showed that AmyDr presents a higher binding affinity to amylopectin compared to amylose, and an affinity binding equally stable to calcium, chlorine, and nitrate ions. AmyDr native protein showed amylolytic activity in the head-pronotum and gut, and its recombinant protein, a polypeptide of ~53 kDa, showed conformational stability, and its activity is maintained both in the presence and absence of chlorine and nitrate ions. The AmyDr gene showed a differential expression significantly higher in the gut than the head-pronotum, indicating that starch hydrolysis occurs mainly in the midgut. An overview of the AmyDr gene expression suggests that the amylolytic activity is regulated through the developmental stages of this bark beetle and associated with starch availability in the host tree.
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14
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López B, Mejía O, Zúñiga G. The effect of landscape on functional connectivity and shell shape in the land snail Humboldtiana durangoensis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9177. [PMID: 32509461 PMCID: PMC7245337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The populations of Humboldtiana durangoensis have experienced a drastic reduction in the effective population size; in addition, the species is threatened by anthropogenic activities. For the aforementioned, landscape genetics will serve as a tool to define the potential evolutionarily significant units (ESU) for this species. To complete our objective, we evaluated the effect of cover vegetation and climate on the functional connectivity of the species from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present as well as the effect of climate on shell shape. Partial Mantel tests, distance-based redundance analysis and a Bayesian framework were used to evaluate connectivity. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics, phylogenetic principal component analysis and redundancy analysis were used for the analysis of shell shape. Our results suggest that the suitable areas have been decreasing since the LGM; also, vegetation cover rather than climate has influenced the genetic connectivity among land snail populations, although temperature had a high influence on shell shape in this species. In conclusion, vegetation cover was the main factor that determined the functional connectivity for the land snail; however, local selective pressures led to different phenotypes in shell shape that allowed us to postulate that each one of the previously defined genetic groups must be considered as a different ESU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Mejía
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Pérez-Miranda F, Mejía O, González-Díaz AA, Martínez-Méndez N, Soto-Galera E, Zúñiga G, Říčan O. The role of head shape and trophic variation in the diversification of the genus Herichthys in sympatry and allopatry. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:1370-1378. [PMID: 32128818 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the putative cases of sympatric speciation in the genus Herichthys by studying the variation in head shape using principal component analysis, phylomorphospace and reconstructions of the ancestral states of feeding preferences. Herichthys includes both allopatric and sympatric sister species, as well as sympatric unrelated species and thus offers great potential for evolutionary studies of putatively sympatric speciation. Herichthys is the northernmost group of cichlids in America and one of the most ecologically disparate genera within Middle American cichlids. Fifteen anatomical points were recorded on the heads of 293 specimens of the 11 species recognized within the genus. The results show that in spite of having wide variation in consumed diets, most species of Herichthys are close in morphospace. However, morphological variation was great among the two pairs of sympatric sister species in agreement with the suggested sympatric model of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pérez-Miranda
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Omar Mejía
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A González-Díaz
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico
| | - Norberto Martínez-Méndez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Soto-Galera
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oldrich Říčan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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16
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Pineda-Mendoza RM, Briones-Roblero CI, Gonzalez-Escobedo R, Rivera-Orduña FN, Martínez-Jerónimo F, Zúñiga G. Seasonal changes in the bacterial community structure of three eutrophicated urban lakes in Mexico city, with emphasis on Microcystis spp. Toxicon 2020; 179:8-20. [PMID: 32142716 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Artificial urban lakes commonly have physicochemical conditions that contribute to rapid anthropogenic eutrophication and development of cyanobacterial blooms. Microcystis is the dominat genus in most freshwater bodies and is one of the main producter of microcystins. Using 454-pyrosequencing we characterized the bacterial community, with special emphasis on Microcystis, in three recreational urban lakes from Mexico City in both wet and dry seasons. We also evaluated some physicochemical parameters that might influence the presence of Microcystis blooms, and we associated the relative abundance of heterotrophic and autotrophic bacterial communities with their possible metabolic capacities. A total of 14 phyla, 18 classes, 39 orders, 53 families and 48 bacterial genera were identified in both seasons in the three urban lakes. Cyanobacteria had the highest relative abundance followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Microcystis was the dominant taxon followed by Arthrospira, Planktothrix and Synechococcus. We also found heterotrophic bacteria associated with the blooms, such as Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and, Porphyrobacter. The highest richness, diversity and dominance were registered in the bacterial community of the Virgilio Uribe Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Track in both seasons, and the lowest values were found in the Chapultepec Lake. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that dissolved oxygen and NO3-N concentrations might explain the presence of Microcystis blooms. The metabolic prediction indicated that these communities are involved in photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, methane metabolism, carbon fixation, and nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. The lakes studied had a high prevalence of Microcystis, but average values of microcystins did not exceed the maximum permissible level established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for recreational and cultural activities. The presence of cyanobacteria and microcystins at low to moderate concentrations in the three lakes could result in ecosystem disruption and increase animal and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Pineda-Mendoza
- Departamento de Zoología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Iván Briones-Roblero
- Departamento de Zoología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roman Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Departamento de Zoología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Departamento de Microbiología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Departamento de Zoología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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17
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Soto-Robles LV, Torres-Banda V, Rivera-Orduña FN, Curiel-Quesada E, Hidalgo-Lara ME, Zúñiga G. An Overview of Genes From Cyberlindnera americana, a Symbiont Yeast Isolated From the Gut of the Bark Beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Involved in the Detoxification Process Using Genome and Transcriptome Data. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2180. [PMID: 31611850 PMCID: PMC6777644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles from Dendroctonus genus promote ecological succession and nutrient cycling in coniferous forests. However, they can trigger outbreaks leading to important economic losses in the forest industry. Conifers have evolved resistance mechanisms that can be toxic to insects but at the same time, bark beetles are capable of overcoming tree barriers and colonize these habitats. In this sense, symbiont yeasts present in the gut of bark beetles have been suggested to play a role in the detoxification process of tree defensive chemicals. In the present study, genes related to this process were identified and their response to a terpene highly toxic to bark beetles and their symbionts was analyzed in the Cyberlindnera americana yeast. The genome and transcriptome of C. americana (ChDrAdgY46) isolated from the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus were presented. Genome analysis identified 5752 protein-coding genes and diverse gene families associated with the detoxification process. The most abundant belonged to the Aldo-Keto Reductase Superfamily, ATP-binding cassette Superfamily, and the Major Facilitator Superfamily transporters. The transcriptome analysis of non-α-pinene stimulated and α-pinene stimulated yeasts showed a significant expression of genes belonging to these families. The activities demonstrated by the genes identified as Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase and ABC transporter under (+)-α-pinene suggest that they are responsible, that C. americana is a dominant symbiont that resists high amounts of monoterpenes inside the gut of bark beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Viridiana Soto-Robles
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Torres-Banda
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Sarabia LE, López MF, Obregón-Molina G, Cano-Ramírez C, Sánchez-Martínez G, Zúñiga G. The Differential Expression of Mevalonate Pathway Genes in the Gut of the Bark Beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Is Unrelated to the de Novo Synthesis of Terpenoid Pheromones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4011. [PMID: 31426479 PMCID: PMC6721070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles commonly produce de novo terpenoid pheromones using precursors synthesized through the mevalonate pathway. This process is regulated by Juvenile Hormone III (JH III). In this work, the expression levels of mevalonate pathway genes were quantified after phloem feeding-to induce the endogenous synthesis of JH III-and after the topical application of a JH III solution. The mevalonate pathway genes from D. rhizophagus were cloned, molecularly characterized, and their expression levels were quantified. Also, the terpenoid compounds produced in the gut were identified and quantified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The feeding treatment produced an evident upregulation, mainly in acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (AACT), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPPI) genes, and males reached higher expression levels compared to females. In contrast, the JH III treatment did not present a clear pattern of upregulation in any sex or time. Notably, the genes responsible for the synthesis of frontalin and ipsdienol precursors (geranyl diphosphate synthase/farnesyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS/FPPS) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS)) were not clearly upregulated, nor were these compounds further identified. Furthermore, trans-verbenol and myrtenol were the most abundant compounds in the gut, which are derived from an α-pinene transformation rather than de novo synthesis. Hence, the expression of mevalonate pathway genes in D. rhizophagus gut is not directed to the production of terpenoid pheromones, regardless of their frequent occurrence in the genus Dendroctonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elisa Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Obregón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Sánchez-Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Pabellón, Km. 32.5 Carr. Ags.-Zac., Pabellón de Arteaga, Ags. CP 20660, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico.
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19
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Gonzalez-Escobedo R, Briones-Roblero CI, López MF, Rivera-Orduña FN, Zúñiga G. Changes in the Microbial Community of Pinus arizonica Saplings After Being Colonized by the Bark Beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Microb Ecol 2019; 78:102-112. [PMID: 30349964 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The death of trees is an ecological process that promotes regeneration, organic matter recycling, and the structure of communities. However, diverse biotic and abiotic factors can disturb this process. Dendroctonus bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are natural inhabitants of pine forests, some of which produce periodic outbreaks, killing thousands of trees in the process. These insects spend almost their entire life cycle under tree bark, where they reproduce and feed on phloem. Tunneling and feeding of the beetles result in the death of the tree and an alteration of the resident microbiota as well as the introduction of microbes that the beetles vector. To understand how microbial communities in subcortical tissues of pines change after they are colonized by the bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus, we compare both the bacterial and fungal community structures in two colonization stages of Pinus arizonica (Arizona pine) employing Illumina MiSeq. Our findings showed significant differences in diversity and the dominance of bacterial community in the two colonization stages with Shannon (P = 0.004) and Simpson (P = 0.0006) indices, respectively, but not in species richness with Chao1 (P = 0.19). In contrast, fungal communities in both stages showed significant differences in species richness with Chao1 (P = 0.0003) and a diversity with Shannon index (P = 0.038), but not in the dominance with the Simpson index (P = 0.12). The β-diversity also showed significant changes in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities along the colonization stages, maintaining the dominant members in both cases. Our results suggest that microbial communities present in the Arizona pine at the tree early colonization stage by bark beetle change predictably over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos I Briones-Roblero
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Sarabia LE, López MF, Pineda-Mendoza RM, Obregón-Molina G, Gonzalez-Escobedo R, Albores-Medina A, Zúñiga G. Time-Course of CYP450 Genes Expression From Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) During Early Hours of Drilling Bark and Settling Into the Host Tree. J Insect Sci 2019; 19:5494808. [PMID: 31115475 PMCID: PMC6529903 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendroctonus bark beetles (Scolytinae) are one of the most important disturbance agents of coniferous forests in North and Central America. These beetles spend their lives almost entirely under the tree bark, and their survival and reproductive success depend on their ability to overcome the toxic effect of the trees' oleoresin. The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are associated with the detoxification process of xenobiotics, as well as other physiological processes. Different cytochromes (families 4, 6, and 9) in the Dendroctonus species have been expressed under several experimental conditions; nevertheless, the expression time-course of these genes is unknown. To explore the induction speed of CYPs, we evaluated the relative expression of the CYP6BW5, CYP6DG1, CYP6DJ2, CYP9Z18, and CYP9Z20 genes at the early hours of drilling and settling into a tree (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 h) both in females and males, solitary or paired, of the bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright. Our findings show that the five genes were rapidly overexpressed in the early hours (1 to 6 h) in both sexes and in solitary and paired conditions, suggesting their participation in the detoxification process. Additionally, the CYPs expression shows up- and down-regulation patterns through these short times, suggesting their probable participation in other physiological processes as the biosynthesis of hormones, pheromones or compounds related to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María F López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Pineda-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Obregón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roman Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Albores-Medina
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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García-Román J, Armendáriz-Toledano F, Valerio-Mendoza O, Zúñiga G. An Assessment of Old and New Characters Using Traditional and Geometric Morphometrics for the Identification of Dendroctonus approximatus and Dendroctonus parallelocollis (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). J Insect Sci 2019; 19:5306024. [PMID: 30715438 PMCID: PMC6359880 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There have been numerous changes in the nomenclature of species of Dendroctonus. The case of Dendroctonus parallelocollis Chapuis and Dendroctonus approximatus Dietz has been particularly noteworthy. These bark beetles colonize pine trees but are not aggressive species. The high morphological similarity, their overlapping geographical distribution, and the limited knowledge of these species have resulted in taxonomic confusion. The aim of the present study was to assess morphological characters reported in the literature and to scrutinize new characters that might be useful for the separation of these species. We evaluated 26 morphological attributes and performed geometric morphometrics analysis of the antenna, pronotum, spermatheca, and seminal rod to test if the variations in the shape of these structures allow the recognition of additional discrete characters to differentiate them. Our results show that five double-state characters of external morphology are useful to identify these species, and the shape of antenna, spermatheca, and seminal rod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín García-Román
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto. Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Armendáriz-Toledano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto. Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - O Valerio-Mendoza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto. Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto. Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP, Ciudad de México, México
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22
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Manquián-Cerda K, Cruces E, Escudey M, Zúñiga G, Calderón R. Interactive effects of aluminum and cadmium on phenolic compounds, antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantlets cultivated in vitro. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 150:320-326. [PMID: 29294441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential role of phenolic compounds in Al and Cd stress tolerance mechanisms, Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Legacy plantlets were exposed to different metal concentrations. The present study used an in vitro plant model to test the effects of the following treatments: 100μM Al; 100μMAl + 50μMCd; and 100μMAl + 100μMCd during periods of 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. The oxidative damage was determined by the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The antioxidant activity values were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP). Additionally, the phenolic compound concentrations were determined using HPLC-DAD. The exposure to Al and Cd increased the MDA and H2O2 contents differentially, while the antioxidant capacity values showed differences between DPPH and FRAP with the largest changes in FRAP relative to Cd. SOD had the highest activity in the first 7 days, leading to a significant increase in phenolic compounds observed after 14 days, and chlorogenic acid was the major compound identified. Our results revealed that phenolic compounds seem to play an important role in the response to ROS. Therefore, the mechanisms of tolerance to Al and Cd in V. corymbosum will be determined by the type of metal and time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manquián-Cerda
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile.
| | - E Cruces
- Centro Interactivo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, 8370854 Santiago, Chile
| | - M Escudey
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - G Zúñiga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile
| | - R Calderón
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Gonzalez-Escobedo R, Briones-Roblero CI, Pineda-Mendoza RM, Rivera-Orduña FN, Zúñiga G. Bacteriome from Pinus arizonica and P. durangensis: Diversity, Comparison of Assemblages, and Overlapping Degree with the Gut Bacterial Community of a Bark Beetle That Kills Pines. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:77. [PMID: 29441055 PMCID: PMC5797664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbioses between plants and microorganims have been fundamental in the evolution of both groups. The endophytic bacteria associated with conifers have been poorly studied in terms of diversity, ecology, and function. Coniferous trees of the genera Larix, Pseudotsugae, Picea and mainly Pinus, are hosts of many insects, including bark beetles and especially the Dendroctonus species. These insects colonize and kill these trees during their life cycle. Several bacteria detected in the gut and cuticle of these insects have been identified as endophytes in conifers. In this study, we characterized and compared the endophytic bacterial diversity in roots, phloem and bark of non-attacked saplings of Pinus arizonica and P. durangensis using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. In addition, we evaluated the degree of taxonomic relatedness, and the association of metabolic function profiles of communities of endophytic bacteria and previously reported gut bacterial communities of D. rhizophagus; a specialized bark beetle that colonizes and kills saplings of these pine species. Our results showed that both pine species share a similar endophytic community. A total of seven bacterial phyla, 14 classes, 26 orders, 43 families, and 51 genera were identified. Enterobacteriaceae was the most abundant family across all samples, followed by Acetobacteraceae and Acidobacteriaceae, which agree with previous studies performed in other pines and conifers. Endophytic communities and that of the insect gut were significantly different, however, the taxonomic relatedness of certain bacterial genera of pines and insect assemblages suggested that some bacteria from pine tissues might be the same as those in the insect gut. Lastly, the metabolic profile using PICRUSt showed there to be a positive association between communities of both pines and insect gut. This study represents the baseline into the knowledge of the endophytic bacterial communities of two of the major hosts affected by D. rhizophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos I Briones-Roblero
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Pineda-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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24
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Beltrán-Castillo S, Olivares MJ, Contreras RA, Zúñiga G, Llona I, von Bernhardi R, Eugenín JL. D-serine released by astrocytes in brainstem regulates breathing response to CO 2 levels. Nat Commun 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 29018191 PMCID: PMC5635109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central chemoreception is essential for adjusting breathing to physiological demands, and for maintaining CO2 and pH homeostasis in the brain. CO2-induced ATP release from brainstem astrocytes stimulates breathing. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonism reduces the CO2-induced hyperventilation by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that astrocytes in the mouse caudal medullary brainstem can synthesize, store, and release d-serine, an agonist for the glycine-binding site of the NMDAR, in response to elevated CO2 levels. We show that systemic and raphe nucleus d-serine administration to awake, unrestrained mice increases the respiratory frequency. Application of d-serine to brainstem slices also increases respiratory frequency, which was prevented by NMDAR blockade. Inhibition of d-serine synthesis, enzymatic degradation of d-serine, or the sodium fluoroacetate-induced impairment of astrocyte functions decrease the basal respiratory frequency and the CO2-induced respiratory response in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that astrocytic release of d-serine may account for the glutamatergic contribution to central chemoreception. Astrocytes are involved in chemoreception in brainstem areas that regulate breathing rhythm, and astrocytes are known to release d-serine. Here the authors show that astrocyte release of d-serine contributes to CO2 sensing and breathing in brainstem slices, and in vivo in awake unrestrained mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beltrán-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - M J Olivares
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - R A Contreras
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - G Zúñiga
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - I Llona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - R von Bernhardi
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.
| | - J L Eugenín
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.
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25
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Valerio-Mendoza O, Armendáriz-Toledano F, Cuéllar-Rodríguez G, Negrón JF, Zúñiga G. The Current Status of the Distribution Range of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Curculionidae: Solytinae) in Northern Mexico. J Insect Sci 2017; 17:4103413. [PMID: 28922899 PMCID: PMC5597856 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution range of the western pine beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is supported only by scattered records in the northern parts of Mexico, suggesting that its populations may be marginal and rare in this region. In this study, we review the geographical distribution of D. brevicomis in northern Mexico and perform a geometric morphometric analysis of seminal rod shape to evaluate its reliability for identifying this species with respect to other members of the Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex. Our results provide 30 new records, with 26 distributed in the Sierra Madre Occidental and 4 in the Sierra Madre Oriental. These records extend the known distribution range of D. brevicomis to Durango and Tamaulipas states in northern Mexico. Furthermore, we find high geographic variation in size and shape of the seminal rod, with conspicous differences among individuals from different geographical regions, namely west and east of the Great Basin and between mountain systems in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Valerio-Mendoza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto. Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México,
| | - F Armendáriz-Toledano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto. Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México,
| | - G Cuéllar-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Carretera Nacional #85, Km. 145, C.P. 67700 Linares, Nuevo León
| | - José F Negrón
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect, 80526, Fort Collins, CO, and
| | - G Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto. Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México,
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Briones-Roblero CI, Hernández-García JA, Gonzalez-Escobedo R, Soto-Robles LV, Rivera-Orduña FN, Zúñiga G. Structure and dynamics of the gut bacterial microbiota of the bark beetle, Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) across their life stages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175470. [PMID: 28406998 PMCID: PMC5391025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles play an important role as agents of natural renovation and regeneration in coniferous forests. Several studies have documented the metabolic capacity of bacteria associated with the gut, body surface, and oral secretions of these insects; however, little is known about how the bacterial community structure changes during the life cycle of the beetles. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the bacterial community of the gut of the bark beetle D. rhizophagus during the insect’s life cycle using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 4 bacterial phyla, 7 classes, 15 families and 23 genera were identified. The α-diversity was low, as demonstrated in previous studies. The dominant bacterial taxa belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. This low α-diversity can be attributed to the presence of defensive chemical compounds in conifers or due to different morpho-physiological factors in the gut of these insects acting as strong selective factors. Members of the genera Rahnella, Serratia, Pseudomonas and Propionibacterium were found at all life stages, and the first three genera, particularly Rahnella, were predominant suggesting the presence of a core microbiome in the gut. Significant differences in β-diversity were observed, mainly due to bacterial taxa present at low frequencies and only in certain life stages. The predictive functional profiling indicated metabolic pathways related to metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates, and membrane transport as the most significant in the community. These differences in the community structure might be due to several selective factors, such as gut compartmentalization, physicochemical conditions, and microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Iván Briones-Roblero
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Alfredo Hernández-García
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roman Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L. Viridiana Soto-Robles
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Flor N. Rivera-Orduña
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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Aguilar-Rodea P, Zúñiga G, Rodríguez-Espino BA, Olivares Cervantes AL, Gamiño Arroyo AE, Moreno-Espinosa S, de la Rosa Zamboni D, López Martínez B, Castellanos-Cruz MDC, Parra-Ortega I, Jiménez Rojas VL, Vigueras Galindo JC, Velázquez-Guadarrama N. Identification of extensive drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains: New clone ST1725 and high-risk clone ST233. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172882. [PMID: 28253282 PMCID: PMC5333833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microorganisms produce nosocomial infections (NIs), among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa stands out as an opportunist pathogen with the capacity to develop multiresistance to first-choice antibiotics. From 2007 to 2013, forty-six NIs produced by P. aeruginosa were detected at a pediatric tertiary care hospital in Mexico with a significant mortality rate (17.39%). All isolates (n = 58/46 patients) were characterized by evaluating their response to several antibiotics as panresistant (PDR), extensively resistant (XDR), multiresistant (MDR) or sensitive (S). In addition, all isolates were typified through multilocus sequencing of seven genes: acsA, aroE, guaA, mutL, nuoD, ppsA and trpE. Furthermore, to establish the genetic relationships among these isolates, we carried out a phylogenetic inference analysis using maximum likelihood to construct a phylogenetic network. To assess evolutionary parameters, recombination was evaluated using the PHI test, and the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions was determined. Two of the strains were PDR (ST1725); 42 were XDR; four were MDR; and ten were S. Twenty-one new sequence types were detected. Thirty-three strains exhibited novel sequence type ST1725. The ratio of nonsynonym to synonym substitutions was 1:1 considering all genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genetic relationship of the PDR, XDR and MDR strains was mainly clonal; however, the PHI test and the phylogenetic network suggest that recombination events occurred to produce a non-clonal population. This study aimed not only to determine the genetic diversity of clinical P. aeruginosa but also to provide a warning regarding the identification and spreading of clone ST1725, its ability to cause outbreaks with high mortality rates, and to remain in the hospital environment for over seven years. These characteristics highlight the need to identify clonal outbreaks, especially where high resistance to most antibiotics is observed, and control measures are needed. This study also represents the first report of the PDR ST1725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, México
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Benjamín Antonio Rodríguez-Espino
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Briceida López Martínez
- Subdirección de Servicios Auxiliares y de Laboratorio, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, México
| | | | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, México
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Armendáriz-Toledano F, Zúñiga G. Illustrated Key to Species of Genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Occurring in Mexico and Central America. J Insect Sci 2017; 17:3061614. [PMID: 28355476 PMCID: PMC5416895 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide an illustrated key of species of Dendroctonus Erichson from Mexico and Central America based on characters of the male genitalia and external morphology. The key incorporates newly identified diagnostic characters for this genus that enhance discrimination of particularly difficult sibling species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Armendáriz-Toledano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, México D.F., CP 11340, Mexico (; )and
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, México D.F., CP 11340, Mexico (; )and
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Cano-Ramírez C, Santiago-Hernández A, Rivera-Orduña FN, García-Huante Y, Zúñiga G, Hidalgo-Lara ME. Expression, purification and characterization of an endoglucanase from Serratia proteamaculans CDBB-1961, isolated from the gut of Dendroctonus adjunctus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). AMB Express 2016; 6:63. [PMID: 27576896 PMCID: PMC5005244 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia proteamaculans CDBB-1961, a gut symbiont from the roundheaded pine beetle Dendroctonus adjunctus, displayed strong cellulolytic activity on agar-plates with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as carbon source. Automatic genome annotation of S. proteamaculans made possible the identification of a single endoglucanase encoding gene, designated spr cel8A. The predicted protein, named Spr Cel8A shows high similarity (59–94 %) to endo-1,4-β-d-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.4) from the glycoside hydrolase family 8 (GH8). The gene spr cel8A has an ORF of 1113 bp, encoding a 371 amino acid residue protein (41.2 kDa) with a signal peptide of 23 amino acid residues. Expression of the gene spr cel8A in Escherichia coli yields a mature recombinant endoglucanase 39 kDa. Cel8A displayed optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 40 °C, with a specific activity of 0.85 U/mg. The enzyme was stable at pH from 4 to 8.5, retaining nearly 40–80 % of its original activity, and exhibited a half-life of 8 days at 40 °C. The Km and Vmax values for Spr Cel8A were 6.87 mg/ml and 3.5 μmol/min/mg of protein, respectively, using CMC as substrate. The final principle products of Spr Cel8A-mediated hydrolysis of CMC were cellobiose, cello oligosaccharides and a small amount of glucose, suggesting that Spr Cel8A is an endo-β-1,4-glucanase manifesting exo-activity. This is the first report regarding the functional biochemical and molecular characterization of an endoglucanase from S. proteamaculans, found in the gut-associated bacteria community of Dendroctonus bark beetles. These results contribute to improved understanding of the functional role played by this bacterium as a symbiont of bark beetles.
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Cano-Ramírez C, Santiago-Hernández A, Rivera-Orduña FN, Pineda-Mendoza RM, Zúñiga G, Hidalgo-Lara ME. One-step zymogram method for the simultaneous detection of cellulase/xylanase activity and molecular weight estimation of the enzyme. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:447-451. [PMID: 27873329 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a zymographic method for the simultaneous detection of enzymatic activity and molecular weight (MW) estimation, following a single electrophoresis step. This involved separating cellulase and xylanase activities from bacteria and fungi, obtained from different sources, such as commercial extracts, crude extract and purified proteins, under denaturing conditions, by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with 1% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose or beechwood xylan as substrates. Then, enzymes were refolded by treatment with 2.5% Triton X-100 in an appropriate buffer for each enzymatic activity, and visualized by Coomassie blue staining for MW estimation. Finally, Congo red staining revealed bio-active cellulase and xylanase bands after electrophoretic separation of the proteins in the preparations. This method may provide a useful additional tool for screening of particular cellulase and xylanase producers, identification and MW estimation of polypeptides that manifest these activities, and for monitoring and control of fungal and bacterial cellulase and xylanase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México D.F., México
| | | | - Flor Nohemí Rivera-Orduña
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México D.F., México
| | | | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México D.F., México
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Mendoza-Elizalde S, Arteaga-Resendiz NK, Valencia-Mayoral P, Luna RC, Moreno-Espinosa S, Arenas-Huertero F, Zúñiga G, Velázquez-Guadarrama N. Diversification of the vacAs1m1 and vacAs2m2 Strains of Helicobacter pylori in Meriones unguiculatus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1758. [PMID: 27877163 PMCID: PMC5100360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori exhibits great genetic diversity, and the pathogenic roles of its virulence factors have been widely studied. However, the evolutionary dynamics of H. pylori strains during stomach colonization are not well-characterized. Here, we analyzed the microevolutionary dynamics of the toxigenic strain vacAs1m1, the non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2, and a combination of both strains in an animal model over time. Meriones unguiculatus were inoculated with the following bacteria: group 1-toxigenic strain vacAs1m1/cagA+/cagE+/babA2+; ST181, group 2-non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2/cagA+/cagE+/babA2+; ST2901, and group 3-both strains. The gerbils were euthanized at different time points (3, 6, 12, and 18 months). In group 1, genetic alterations were observed at 6 and 12 months. With the combination of both strains, group 3 also exhibited genetic alterations at 3 and 18 months; moreover, a chimera, vacA m1-m2, was detected. Additionally, four new sequence types (STs) were reported in the PubMLST database for H. pylori. Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were analyzed and associated with alterations in amino acids. Microevolutionary analysis of the STs (PHYLOViZ) identified in each group revealed many mutational changes in the toxigenic (vacAs1m1) and non-toxigenic (vacAs2m2) strains. Phylogenetic assessments (eBURST) did not reveal clonal complexes. Our findings indicate that the toxigenic strain, vacAs1m1, and a combination of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains acquired genetic material by recombination. The allelic combination, vacAs2m1, displayed the best adaptation in the animal model over time, and a chimera, m1-m2, was also identified, which confirmed previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nancy K Arteaga-Resendiz
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pedro Valencia-Mayoral
- Dirección de Planeación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl C Luna
- Bioterio, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Manquián-Cerda K, Escudey M, Zúñiga G, Arancibia-Miranda N, Molina M, Cruces E. Effect of cadmium on phenolic compounds, antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantlets grown in vitro. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 133:316-26. [PMID: 27485373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd(2+)) can affect plant growth due to its mobility and toxicity. We evaluated the effects of Cd(2+) on the production of phenolic compounds and antioxidant response of Vaccinium corymbosum L. Plantlets were exposed to Cd(2+) at 50 and 100µM for 7, 14 and 21 days. Accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the antioxidant enzyme SOD was determined. The profile of phenolic compounds was evaluated using LC-MS. The antioxidant activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP). Cd(2+) increased the content of MDA, with the highest increase at 14 days. The presence of Cd(2+) resulted in changes in phenolic compounds. The main phenolic compound found in blueberry plantlets was chlorogenic acid, whose abundance increased with the addition of Cd(2+) to the medium. The changes in the composition of phenolic compounds showed a positive correlation with the antioxidant activity measured using FRAP. Our results suggest that blueberry plantlets produced phenolic compounds with reducing capacity as a selective mechanism triggered by the highest activity of Cd(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manquián-Cerda
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenue B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile.
| | - M Escudey
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenue B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - G Zúñiga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenue B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile
| | - N Arancibia-Miranda
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenue B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - M Molina
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenue Santa María #6.400, Vitacura, Santiago 7660251, Chile
| | - E Cruces
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
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García M, Porras Y, Richmond D, Jensen M, Madrigal M, Zúñiga G. Designing a Mobile Application To Support Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Care in Costa Rica: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Briones-Roblero CI, Rodríguez-Díaz R, Santiago-Cruz JA, Zúñiga G, Rivera-Orduña FN. Degradation capacities of bacteria and yeasts isolated from the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:1-9. [PMID: 27544667 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feed on the xylem and phloem of their host, which are composed of structural carbohydrates and organic compounds that are not easily degraded by the insects. Some of these compounds might be hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes produced by microbes present in the gut of these insects. In this study, we evaluated the enzymatic capacity of bacteria (Acinetobacter lwoffii, Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas azotoformans, and Rahnella sp.) and yeasts (Candida piceae, Candida oregonensis, Cyberlindnera americana, Zygoascus sp., and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) isolated from the Dendroctonus rhizophagus gut to hydrolyze cellulose, xylan, pectin, starch, lipids, and esters. All isolates, with the exception of C. piceae, showed lipolytic activity. Furthermore, P. putida, P. azotoformans, C. americana, C. piceae, and R. mucilaginosa presented amylolytic activity. Esterase activity was shown by A. lwoffii, P. azotoformans, and Rahnella sp. Cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities were present only in Arthrobacter sp. and P. azotoformans. The pectinolytic activity was not recorded in any isolate. This is the first study to provide evidence on the capacity of microbes associated with the D. rhizophagus gut to hydrolyze specific substrates, which might cover part of the nutritional requirements for the development, fitness, and survival of these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I Briones-Roblero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - José A Santiago-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico.
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Ruiz-Montoya L, Zúñiga G, Cisneros R, Salinas-Moreno Y, Peña-Martínez R, Machkour-M'Rabet S. Phenotypic and Genetic Variations in Obligate Parthenogenetic Populations of Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Neotrop Entomol 2015; 44:534-545. [PMID: 26272633 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of phenotypic and genetic variation of obligate parthenogenetic organisms contributes to an understanding of evolution in the absence of genetic variation produced by sexual reproduction. Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann undergoes obligate parthenogenesis in Mexico City, Mexico, due to the unavailability of the host plants required for sexual reproduction. We analysed the phenotypic and genetic variation of E. lanigerum in relation to the dry and wet season and plant phenology. Aphids were collected on two occasions per season on a secondary host plant, Pyracantha koidzumii, at five different sites in the southern area of Mexico City, Mexico. Thirteen morphological characteristics were measured from 147 to 276 individuals per site and per season. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed to test the effect of the season, site and their interaction on morphological traits. Morphological variation was summarised using a principal component analysis. Genetic variation was described using six enzymatic loci, four of which were polymorphic. Our study showed that the site and season has a significant effect on morphological trait variation. The largest aphids were recorded during cold temperatures with low relative humidity and when the plant was at the end of the fruiting period. The mean genetic diversity was low (mean H e = .161), and populations were genetically structured by season and site. Morphological and genetic variations appear to be associated with environmental factors that directly affect aphid development and/or indirectly by host plant phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruiz-Montoya
- Depto de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, C.P. 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - G Zúñiga
- Depto de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico
| | - R Cisneros
- Depto de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Y Salinas-Moreno
- Depto de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico
| | - R Peña-Martínez
- Depto de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico
| | - S Machkour-M'Rabet
- Depto de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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Obregón-Molina G, Cesar-Ayala AK, López MF, Cano-Ramírez C, Zúñiga G. Comparison of orthologous cytochrome P450 genes relative expression patterns in the bark beetles Dendroctonus rhizophagus and Dendroctonus valens (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) during host colonization. Insect Mol Biol 2015; 24:649-661. [PMID: 26537737 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus are important components of coniferous forests. During host colonization, they must overcome the chemical defences of their host trees, which are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP or P450) enzymes to compounds that are readily excreted. In this study, we report the relative expression (quantitative real-time PCR) of four orthologous cytochrome P450 genes (CYP6BW5, CYP6DG1, CYP6DJ2 and CYP9Z20) in Dendroctonus rhizophagus and Dendroctonus valens forced to attack host trees at 8 and 24 h following forced attack and in four stages during natural colonization [solitary females boring the bark (T1); both male and female members of couples before oviposition (T2); both male and female members of couples during oviposition (T3), and solitary females inside the gallery containing eggs (T4)]. For both species gene expression was different compared with that observed in insects exposed to single monoterpenes in the laboratory, and the expression patterns were significantly different amongst species, sex, gut region and exposure time or natural colonization stage. The induction of genes (CYP6BW5v1, CYP6DJ2v1 and CYP9Z20v1 from D. rhizophagus, as well as CYP6DG1v3 from D. valens) correlated with colonization stage as well as with the increase in oxygenated monoterpenes in the gut of both species throughout the colonization of the host. Our results point to different functions of these orthologous genes in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Obregón-Molina
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, DF, México
| | - A K Cesar-Ayala
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, DF, México
| | - M F López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, DF, México
| | - C Cano-Ramírez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, DF, México
| | - G Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, DF, México
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Palafox-Fonseca H, Zúñiga G, Bobes RJ, Govezensky T, Piñero D, Texco-Martínez L, Fleury A, Proaño J, Cárdenas G, Hernández M, Sciutto E, Fragoso G. Genetic variation in the Cytb gene of human cerebral Taenia solium cysticerci recovered from clinically and radiologically heterogeneous patients with neurocysticercosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 108:914-20. [PMID: 24271046 PMCID: PMC3970634 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NC) is a clinically and radiologically heterogeneous parasitic disease caused by the establishment
of larval Taenia solium in the human central nervous system. Host and/or parasite variations may be related to this observed heterogeneity. Genetic differences between pig and human-derived T. solium cysticerci have been reported previously. In this study, 28 cysticerci were surgically removed from 12 human NC patients, the mitochondrial gene that encodes cytochrome b was amplified from the cysticerci and genetic variations that may be related to NC heterogeneity were characterised. Nine different haplotypes (Ht), which were clustered in four haplogroups (Hg), were identified. Hg 3 and 4 exhibited a tendency to associate with age and gender, respectively. However, no significant associations were found between NC heterogeneity and the different T. solium cysticerci Ht or Hg. Parasite variants obtained from patients with similar NC clinical or radiological features were genetically closer than those found in groups of patients with a different NC profile when using the Mantel test. Overall, this study establishes the presence of genetic differences in the Cytb gene of T. solium isolated from human cysticerci and suggests that parasite variation could contribute to NC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Palafox-Fonseca
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, MéxicoDF, México
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Duarte-Escalante E, Frías-De-León MG, Zúñiga G, Martínez-Herrera E, Acosta-Altamirano G, Reyes-Montes MDR. Molecular markers in the epidemiology and diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 31:49-53. [PMID: 24270069 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of coccidioidomycosis in endemic areas has been observed to increase daily. To understand the causes of the spread of the disease and design strategies for fungal detection in clinical and environmental samples, scientists have resorted to molecular tools that allow fungal detection in a natural environment, reliable identification in clinical cases and the study of biological characteristics, such as reproductive and genetic structure, demographic history and diversification. We conducted a review of the most important molecular markers in the epidemiology of Coccidioides spp. and the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. A literature search was performed for scientific publications concerning the application of molecular tools for the epidemiology and diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. The use of molecular markers in the epidemiological study and diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis has allowed for the typing of Coccidioides spp. isolates, improved understanding of their mode of reproduction, genetic variation and speciation and resulted in the development specific, rapid and sensitive strategies for detecting the fungus in environmental and clinical samples. Molecular markers have revealed genetic variability in Coccidioides spp. This finding influences changes in the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis, such as the emergence of more virulent or antifungal resistant genotypes. Furthermore, the molecular markers currently used to identify Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are specific and sensitive. However, they must be validated to determine their application in diagnosis. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, Mexico
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico
| | | | - María Del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico.
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Duarte-Escalante E, Zúñiga G, Frías-De-León MG, Canteros C, Castañón-Olivares LR, Reyes-Montes MDR. AFLP analysis reveals high genetic diversity but low population structure in Coccidioides posadasii isolates from Mexico and Argentina. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:411. [PMID: 24004977 PMCID: PMC3766708 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii cause coccidioidomycosis, a disease that is endemic to North and South America, but for Central America, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has not been clearly established. Several studies suggest genetic variability in these fungi; however, little definitive information has been discovered about the variability of Coccidioides fungi in Mexico (MX) and Argentina (AR). Thus, the goals for this work were to study 32 Coccidioides spp. isolates from MX and AR, identify the species of these Coccidioides spp. isolates, analyse their phenotypic variability, examine their genetic variability and investigate the Coccidioides reproductive system and its level of genetic differentiation. Methods Coccidioides spp. isolates from MX and AR were taxonomically identified by phylogenetic inference analysis using partial sequences of the Ag2/PRA gene and their phenotypic characteristics analysed. The genetic variability, reproductive system and level of differentiation were estimated using AFLP markers. The level of genetic variability was assessed measuring the percentage of polymorphic loci, number of effective allele, expected heterocygosity and Index of Association (IA). The degree of genetic differentiation was determined by AMOVA. Genetic similarities among isolates were estimated using Jaccard index. The UPGMA was used to contsruct the corresponding dendrogram. Finally, a network of haplotypes was built to evaluate the genealogical relationships among AFLP haplotypes. Results All isolates of Coccidioides spp. from MX and AR were identified as C. posadasii. No phenotypic variability was observed among the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR. Analyses of genetic diversity and population structure were conducted using AFLP markers. Different estimators of genetic variability indicated that the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR had high genetic variability. Furthermore, AMOVA, dendrogram and haplotype network showed a small genetic differentiation among the C. posadasii populations analysed from MX and AR. Additionally, the IA calculated for the isolates suggested that the species has a recombinant reproductive system. Conclusions No phenotypic variability was observed among the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR. The high genetic variability observed in the isolates from MX and AR and the small genetic differentiation observed among the C. posadasii isolates analysed, suggest that this species could be distributed as a single genetic population in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No, 3000, México, D, F, 04510, México.
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Morales-Jiménez J, Vera-Ponce de León A, García-Domínguez A, Martínez-Romero E, Zúñiga G, Hernández-Rodríguez C. Nitrogen-fixing and uricolytic bacteria associated with the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus and Dendroctonus valens (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Microb Ecol 2013; 66:200-210. [PMID: 23525792 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus feed on phloem that is a nitrogen-limited source. Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen recycling may compensate or alleviate such a limitation, and beetle-associated bacteria capable of such processes were identified. Raoultella terrigena, a diazotrophic bacteria present in the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus and D. valens, exhibited high acetylene reduction activity in vitro with different carbon sources, and its nifH and nifD genes were sequenced. Bacteria able to recycle uric acid were Pseudomonas fluorescens DVL3A that used it as carbon and nitrogen source, Serratia proteomaculans 2A CDF and Rahnella aquatilis 6-DR that used uric acid as sole nitrogen source. Also, this is the first report about the uric acid content in whole eggs, larvae, and adults (male and female) samples of the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens). Our results suggest that the gut bacteria of these bark beetles could contribute to insect N balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Morales-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. De Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomas, Mexico, Distrito Federal, 11340, Mexico
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Ruiz EA, Vargas-Miranda B, Zúñiga G. Late-Pleistocene Phylogeography and Demographic History of Two Evolutionary Lineages ofArtibeus jamaicensis(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Mexico. Acta Chiropterologica 2013. [DOI: 10.3161/150811013x667830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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López MF, Cano-Ramírez C, Cesar-Ayala AK, Ruiz EA, Zúñiga G. Diversity and expression of P450 genes from Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in response to different kairomones. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 43:417-432. [PMID: 23454142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are major cause of woody plants death in the world. They colonize the stem and other parts of trees recognizing host-produced specific compounds (kairomones) and insect pheromones. Bark beetle's antennae and alimentary canal participate in the host selection identifying chemical compounds produced by trees and insects, and also in the metabolism and detoxification of these compounds. The red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte, is an unaggressive species that colonize > 40 pine species (Pinaceae) in North and Central America. Several studies suggest that bark beetle cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved in monoterpene oxidation. In this study we identified by means of PCR, cloning, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis, eleven full-length genes: five CYP4, four CYP6, and two CYP9 in the antennae and gut region of RTB, after stimulation with vapors of monoterpenes: (±)-α-pinene, (R)-(+)-α-pinene, (S)-(-)-β-pinene, (S)-(-)-α-pinene and (+)-3-carene; pine trees volatiles used by RTB as kairomones. The recovered cDNA of these genes vary from 1.5 kb to 1.8 kb and the open frame encodes from 496 to 562 amino acid proteins. The bioinformatic analysis suggests that the majority of P450 proteins encoded by these genes are membrane anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum. RT-qPCR assays showed differential expression of all CYP genes between male and female. The gene expression was dependent of monoterpenes and exposure time, with some of them sex, antennae and gut region specific. Significant differences among monoterpenes, gut region, antennae and exposure time were found. Our results suggest that some of these genes may be involved in the detoxification process of these compounds during tree colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda López
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Sto. Tomas, México D.F. CP 11340, Mexico
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Cano-Ramírez C, López MF, Cesar-Ayala AK, Pineda-Martínez V, Sullivan BT, Zúñiga G. Isolation and expression of cytochrome P450 genes in the antennae and gut of pine beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) following exposure to host monoterpenes. Gene 2013; 520:47-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tapia Y, Diaz O, Pizarro C, Segura R, Vines M, Zúñiga G, Moreno-Jiménez E. Atriplex atacamensis and Atriplex halimus resist As contamination in Pre-Andean soils (northern Chile). Sci Total Environ 2013; 450-451:188-196. [PMID: 23474264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Pre-Andean area of Chile exhibits saline soils of volcanic origin naturally contaminated with arsenic (As), and we hypothesise that revegetation with resistant species may be a valid alternative for soil management in this area. Thus, the xerophytic and halophytic shrubs Atriplex halimus and Atriplex atacamensis were cultivated in containers for 90 days in Pre-Andean soil, As-soil, (111±19 mg As kg(-1), pH8.4±0.1) or control soil (12.7±1.1 mg As kg(-1), pH7.8±0.1) to evaluate As accumulation and resistance using stress bioindicators (chlorophylls, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiols). Sequential extraction of As-soil indicated that 52.3% of As was found in the most available fraction. The As distribution was significantly different between the species: A. halimus translocated the As to leaves, whilst A. atacamensis retained the As in roots. At 30 and 90 days, A. halimus showed similar As concentrations in the leaves (approximately 5.5 mg As kg(-1)), and As increased in stems and roots (up to 4.73 and 16.3 mg As kg(-1), respectively). In A. atacamensis, As concentration was lower (2.6 in leaves; 3.2 in stems and 6.9 in roots in mg As kg(-1)). Both species exhibited a high concentration of B in leaves (362-389 mg kg(-1)). If the plants are used for animal feed, it should be considered that A. halimus accumulates higher concentration of As and B in the leaves than A. atacamensis. Neither plant growth nor stress bioindicators were negatively affected by the high levels of available As, with the exception of MDA in the leaves of A. halimus. The results indicate that these plants resist contamination by arsenic, accumulating mainly the metalloid in the roots and can be recommended to generate plant cover in As-contaminated soils in the Pre-Andean region, under saline conditions controlled, preventing the dispersion of this metalloid via wind and leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tapia
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Suelos, Universidad de Chile, 8820808 Santiago, Chile.
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Refojo N, Duarte-Escalante E, Dignani MC, Hevia AI, Abrantes RA, Davel G, Canteros C, Frías de León MG, Acosta-Altamirano G, Zúñiga G, Reyes-Montes MDR. [Genotyping of clinical isolates of Aspergillus flavus and its relationship with environmental isolates of an oncohematological center]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2012; 30:25-30. [PMID: 23036749 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 4 months, and while conducting an environmental sampling of air, 2 cases of aspergillosis by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) were diagnosed at an oncohematological center in Buenos Aires, Argentina. AIMS The aim of this study was to know the variability and the genetic relationship between the clinical and environmental isolates, obtained in the oncohematological center. METHODS Two genotyping techniques of different discriminatory power (RAPD and AFLP) were used. A genetic similarity matrix was calculated using Jaccard method and was the basis for the construction of a dendrogram by UPGMA. The level of genetic variability was assessed by measuring the percentage of polymorphic loci, number of effective allele, expected heterocygozity and association index test (I(A)). RESULTS The dendrogram reveals that the A. flavus isolates recovered from the patients were not genetically related to those gotten from the rooms occupied by the patients. The environmental isolates had higher values of genetic diversity than the clinical isolates. The I(A) estimated for all the isolates suggest that recombination events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Patients 1 and 2 were not infected with isolates from the nosocomial environment. Clinical and environmental isolates of A. flavus showed high genetic variability among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Refojo
- Departamento de Micología, INEI ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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López-Romero F, Zúñiga G, Martínez-Jerónimo F. Asymmetric patterns in the cranial skeleton of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to sodium pentachlorophenate at different embryonic developmental stages. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 84:25-31. [PMID: 22818112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bilaterally symmetric organisms display mirror copies of their structures on both sides of the body, and the development of both sides is regulated by the same set of genes. Environmental variations can directly affect phenotype, and exposure to chemical contaminants at certain stages may modify embryonic development. The pesticide sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) was used at the no-observable-effect concentration (NOEC) to determine the degree of susceptibility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in different developmentally susceptible windows (zygote, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and larva). Shape variation in the zebrafish viscerocranium and fluctuating asymmetry (FA), which increases in direct proportion to environmental stress, induced by exposure to NaPCP were measured with geometric morphometrics. Procrustes ANOVA was performed to estimate the shape variation around a symmetric consensus that accounted for the following factors: shape variation in individuals (I), variation by sides (S), the Individuals×Sides interaction (I×S), and the stages of exposure to the toxicant (Stages). Factors I, S and IxS accounted for most of the morphological variation (p<0.0001). Extensive deformities throughout the viscerocranium occurred during the window of exposure from gastrula to larva. Embryonic mortality occurred and was dependent on the stage of exposure. The NOEC concentration of NaPCP affected embryonic development in D. rerio and also induced lethal effects in embryos. FA was determined in both unexposed and NaPCP-exposed embryos and was greater in the control than in some exposure windows; besides, no correlation was found between FA and developmental stages, so our results do not support FA as a bioindicator of chemical stress but confirm its value in the study of morphological effects of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faviel López-Romero
- Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio esq. Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Mexico
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González-Vázquez R, Herrera-González S, Cordova-Espinoza MG, Zúñiga G, Giono-Cerezo S, Hernández-Hernández JM, León-Ávila G. Helicobacter pylori: detection of iceA1 and iceA2 genes in the same strain in Mexican isolates. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:339-46. [PMID: 22884501 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori iceA1 and iceA2 gene amplification is usually performed to identify mixed populations as both genes are apparently reportedly exclusive. However, some strains isolated from Mexico show both iceA genes. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of these genes in Mexican isolates and genomic diversity of the H. pylori strains. METHODS One hundred thirty six biopsies were obtained from 68 patients (39 children and 29 adults). The presence of H. pylori was confirmed in 3/18 children and 6/19 adults by culture. There were 93 clinical strains isolated from nine patients. Additionally, we studied 37 strains from a strain collection isolated from 10 patients. The strains were genotyped and dual iceA genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicons were sequenced. In addition, an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) assay was performed as fingerprinting method. RESULTS The genotypification of the H. pylori isolates indicated that all strains were vacA+; 86% babA2+, 86% cagA+, 82% vacA s1m1+, 19% iceA1+, 9% iceA2+, and 72% of them carried both iceA1 and iceA2 genes. The ERIC-PCR profiling revealed that the strains clustered in eight genetic groups depending on the presence of iceA1, iceA2 or both. A basic local multiple alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed that the iceA1 and iceA2 genes exhibited no relevant similarity. CONCLUSION The results here showed the presence of triple-positive strains (babA, cagA, vacA) of H. pylori and strains carrying simultaneously both iceA1 and iceA2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, Mexico
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Morales-Jiménez J, Zúñiga G, Ramírez-Saad HC, Hernández-Rodríguez C. Gut-associated bacteria throughout the life cycle of the bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their cellulolytic activities. Microb Ecol 2012; 64:268-78. [PMID: 22234511 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an endemic economically important insect of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. This bark beetle has an atypical behavior within the genus because just one beetle couple colonizes and kills seedlings and young trees of 11 pine species. In this work, the bacteria associated with the Dendroctonus rhizophagus gut were analyzed by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences amplified directly from isolates of gut bacteria suggests that the bacterial community associated with Dendroctonus rhizophagus, like that of other Dendroctonus spp. and Ips pini, is limited in number. Nine bacterial genera of γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria classes were detected in the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus. Stenotrophomonas and Rahnella genera were the most frequently found bacteria from Dendroctonus rhizophagus gut throughout their life cycle. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Ponticoccus gilvus, and Kocuria marina showed cellulolytic activity in vitro. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rahnella aquatilis, Raoultella terrigena, Ponticoccus gilvus, and Kocuria marina associated with larvae or adults of Dendroctonus rhizophagus could be implicated in nitrogen fixation and cellulose breakdown, important roles associated to insect development and fitness, especially under the particularly difficult life conditions of this beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Morales-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, CP, Mexico
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Cano-Ramírez C, Armendáriz-Toledano F, Macías-Sámano JE, Sullivan BT, Zúñiga G. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus to volatiles from host pines and conspecifics. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:512-24. [PMID: 22544334 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus is endemic to northwestern Mexico where it kills immature pines < 3 m tall. We report the first investigation of the chemical ecology of this pest of forest regeneration. We used GC-EAD to assess olfactory sensitivity of this species to volatile compounds from: resin of a major host, Pinus arizonica; mid/hindguts of single, gallery-initiating females; and mate-paired males within galleries of attacked host trees in the field. Antennae of both sexes responded to monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene and 3-carene as well as to the beetle-derived oxygenated monoterpenes fenchyl alcohol, myrtenal, cis-verbenol, trans-verbenol, verbenone, and myrtenol. These monoterpenes were quantified from pre-emerged D. rhizophagus adults forced to attack host tissue in the laboratory, and from individuals dissected from naturally-attacked hosts at different stages of colonization. In both bioassays, myrtenol and trans-verbenol were the most abundant volatiles, and trans-verbenol was the only one produced in significantly greater quantities by females than males in a naturally-colonized host. Two field experiments were performed to evaluate behavioral responses of D. rhizophagus to antennally-active monoterpenes. Results show that 3-carene was significantly attractive either alone or in a ternary (1:1:1) combination with α-pinene and β-pinene, whereas neither α-pinene nor β-pinene alone were attractive. None of the beetle-associated oxygenated monoterpenes enhanced the attractiveness of the ternary mixture of monoterpenes, while verbenone either alone or combined with the other five oxygenated terpenes reduced D. rhizophagus attraction to the ternary mixture. The results suggest that attraction of D. rhizophagus to the host tree P. arizonica is mediated especially by 3-carene. There was no conclusive evidence for an aggregation or sex attractant pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Col. Sto. Tomas, México D. F., 11340, Mexico
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Mendoza MG, Salinas-Moreno Y, Olivo-Martínez A, Zúñiga G. Factors influencing the geographical distribution of Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Sierra Madre Occidental, México. Environ Entomol 2011; 40:549-559. [PMID: 22251632 DOI: 10.1603/en10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The bark beetle, Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas & Bright, is endemic to the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOC) in México. This bark beetle is a major pest of the seedlings and young saplings of several pine species that are of prime importance to the nation's forest industry. Despite the significance of this bark beetle as a pest, its biology, ecology, and distribution are poorly known. Three predictive modeling approaches were used as a first approximation to identify bioclimatic variables related to the presence of D. rhizophagus in the SMOC and to obtain maps of its potential distribution within the SMOC, which is a morphotectonic province. Our results suggest that the bark beetle could have an almost continuous distribution throughout the major mountain ranges of the SMOC. This beetle has a relatively narrow ecological niche with respect to some temperature and precipitation variables and inhabits areas with climatic conditions that are unique from those usually prevalent in the SMOC. However, the bark beetle has a broad ecological niche with respect to the number of hosts that it attacks. At the macro-scale level, the D. rhizophagus distribution occurs within the wider distribution of its main hosts. The limit of the geographical distribution of this bark beetle coincides with the maximum temperature isotherms. Our results imply a preference for temperate habitats, which leads to the hypothesis that even minor changes in climate may have significant effects on its distribution and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Guadalupe Mendoza
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Departamento de Zoología, Col. Santo Tomás, México City, México
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