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Pukleš I, Páger C, Sakač N, Šarkanj B, Matasović B, Samardžić M, Budetić M, Marković D, Jozanović M. Electrophoretic Determination of L-Carnosine in Health Supplements Using an Integrated Lab-on-a-Chip Platform with Contactless Conductivity Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14705. [PMID: 37834151 PMCID: PMC10572305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The health supplement industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, but there is a lack of suitable analytical methods for the determination of active compounds in health supplements such as peptides. The present work describes an implementation of contactless conductivity detection on microchip technology as a new strategy for the electrophoretic determination of L-carnosine in complex health supplement formulations without pre-concentration and derivatization steps. The best results were obtained in the case of +1.00 kV applied for 20 s for injection and +2.75 kV applied for 260 s for the separation step. Under the selected conditions, a linear detector response of 5 × 10-6 to 5 × 10-5 M was achieved. L-carnosine retention time was 61 s. The excellent reproducibility of both migration time and detector response confirmed the high precision of the method. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the determination of L-carnosine in three different samples of health supplements. The recoveries ranged from 91 to 105%. Subsequent analysis of the samples by CE-UV-VIS and HPLC-DAD confirmed the accuracy of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pukleš
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Páger
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Honvéd Utca 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Nikola Sakač
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova 7, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia;
| | - Brunislav Matasović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mirela Samardžić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mateja Budetić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Marija Jozanović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.P.); (B.M.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Yu YL, Zhu SC, Shi MZ, Liu FM, Cao J. Two-step micelle-to-solvent stacking of arsenic species from foods in permanently coated tubing for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
微型化是现代分析仪器发展的重要趋势。微型化液相色谱仪器在提供与常规尺度液相色谱相同甚至更高分离效率的同时,可以有效减少溶剂和样品的消耗;在液相色谱-质谱联用中,低流速进样可以有效提高质谱离子源的离子化效率,提高质谱检测效率;对于极微量样品的分离,微型化的液相色谱可以有效减少样品稀释;液相色谱的微型化还有利于液相色谱仪器整体的模块化和集成化设计。芯片液相色谱是在微流控芯片上制备色谱柱并集成相应的流体控制系统和检测系统。芯片液相色谱是色谱仪器微型化的一种重要方式,受到学术界和产业界的普遍关注,但是这一方式也充满挑战。液相色谱微流控芯片需要在芯片基底材料、芯片色谱柱的结构设计、微流体控制技术、检测器技术等方面做出创新,使微流控芯片系统适配液相色谱分离技术的需要。目前芯片液相色谱领域面临的主要问题在于芯片基底材料的性质难以满足芯片液相色谱进一步微型化和集成化的需求;因此芯片液相色谱在未来的发展中需要着重关注新型微流控芯片基底材料的开发以及微流控芯片通道结构的统一设计。该文着重介绍了芯片液相色谱技术近年来的研究进展,并简要展示了商品化芯片色谱当前的发展情况。
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Sabbagh B, Stolovicki E, Park S, Weitz DA, Yossifon G. Tunable Nanochannels Connected in Series for Dynamic Control of Multiple Concentration-Polarization Layers and Preconcentrated Molecule Plugs. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8524-8533. [PMID: 33226817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integration of ionic permselective medium (e.g., nanochannels, membranes) within microfluidic channels has been shown to enable on-chip desalination, sample purification, bioparticle sorting, and biomolecule concentration for enhanced detection sensitivity. However, the ion-permselective mediums are generally of fixed properties and cannot be dynamically tuned. Here we study a microfluidic device consisting of an array of individually addressable elastic membranes connected in series on top of a single microfluidic channel that can be deformed to locally reduce the channel cross-section into a nanochannel. Dynamic tunability of the ion-permselective medium, as well as controllability of its location and ionic permselectivity, introduces a new functionality to microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip devices, for example, dynamic localization of preconcentrated biomolecule plugs at different sensing regions for multiplex detection. Moreover, the ability to simultaneously form a series of preconcentrated plugs at desired locations increases parallelization of the system and the trapping efficiency of target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Sabbagh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
| | - Elad Stolovicki
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sinwook Park
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
| | - David A Weitz
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
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Xia L, Deb R, Dutta D. Electrokinetic stacking of particle zones in confined channels enabling their UV absorbance detection on microchips. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1135:83-90. [PMID: 33070862 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report a simple approach to stacking micro- and nanoparticle zones by electrokinetically migrating them through moderately confined channels of uniform cross-section. Experiments show the reported pre-concentration process to initiate at the tail end of the zone following its electrokinetic injection, with the stacked region migrating faster than the rest of the sample band. This effect causes the particles traveling in front to merge into the stacked region making it grow both in size and concentration. Because the stacked zone also gradually loses particles from its trailing edge, it eventually disintegrates upon running out of particles at its front end. Nevertheless, enhancements in peak height by over 100-fold were recorded using the reported approach for polystyrene beads with diameters comparable to the channel depth. This enhancement however, exhibited a temporal variation as the particle band migrated through the analysis column reaching a maximum value that depended on the particle diameter, particle concentration, channel depth, electric field strength, electroosmotic mobility, etc. Interestingly, the peak area recorded by the detector remained relatively constant during this particle migration period allowing reliable sample quantitation. Moreover, upon incubating antibody-coated particles against an antigen sample, the peak area for the particle zone was seen to scale linearly with the antigen concentration establishing the utility of the reported focusing phenomenon for chemical/biochemical analysis. The noted stacking technique was further applied to enabling UV absorbance detection of particle zones on microchips which then allowed us to determine the colloidal content in actual natural water samples. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Rajesh Deb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
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Qian JY, Hou CW, Li XJ, Jin ZJ. Actuation Mechanism of Microvalves: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020172. [PMID: 32046058 PMCID: PMC7074679 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microvalve is one of the most important components in microfluidics. With decades of development, the microvalve has been widely used in many industries such as life science, chemical engineering, chip, and so forth. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the progress made over the past years about microvalves based on different actuation mechanisms. According to driving sources, plenty of actuation mechanisms are developed and adopted in microvalves, including electricity, magnetism, gas, material and creature, surface acoustic wave, and so on. Although there are currently a variety of microvalves, problems such as leakage, low precision, poor reliability, high energy consumption, and high cost still exist. Problems deserving to be further addressed are suggested, aimed at materials, fabrication methods, controlling performances, flow characteristics, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuan Qian
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.-Y.Q.); (X.-J.L.); (Z.-J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cong-Wei Hou
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.-Y.Q.); (X.-J.L.); (Z.-J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8795-1216
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.-Y.Q.); (X.-J.L.); (Z.-J.J.)
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jin
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.-Y.Q.); (X.-J.L.); (Z.-J.J.)
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7
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A novel microfluidic chip and antibody-aptamer based multianalysis method for simultaneous determination of several tumor markers with polymerization nicking reactions for homogenous signal amplification. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Chun H. Electropreconcentration, gate injection, and capillary electrophoresis separation on a microchip. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:179-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Chun H. Development of a low flow-resistive charged nanoporous membrane in a microchip for fast electropreconcentration. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2181-2187. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Korea University; Seongbukgu Seoul Korea
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10
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YANG MP, HUANG Z, XIE Y, YOU H. Development of Microchip Electrophoresis and Its Applications in Ion Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Ly J, Ha NS, Cheung S, van Dam RM. Toward miniaturized analysis of chemical identity and purity of radiopharmaceuticals via microchip electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2423-2436. [PMID: 29470664 PMCID: PMC6482050 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized synthesis of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is poised to offer numerous advantages including reduced tracer production costs and increased availability of diverse tracers. While many steps of the tracer production process have been miniaturized, there has been relatively little development of microscale systems for the quality control (QC) testing process that is required by regulatory agencies to ensure purity, identity, and biological safety of the radiotracer before use in human subjects. Every batch must be tested, and in contrast with ordinary pharmaceuticals, the whole set of tests of radiopharmaceuticals must be completed within a short-period of time to minimize losses due to radioactive decay. By replacing conventional techniques with microscale analytical ones, it may be possible to significantly reduce instrument cost, conserve lab space, shorten analysis times, and streamline this aspect of PET tracer production. We focus in this work on miniaturizing the subset of QC tests for chemical identity and purity. These tests generally require high-resolution chromatographic separation prior to detection to enable the approach to be applied to many different tracers (and their impurities), and have not yet, to the best of our knowledge, been tackled in microfluidic systems. Toward this end, we previously explored the feasibility of using the technique of capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a replacement for the "gold standard" approach of using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) since CE offers similar separating power, flexibility, and sensitivity, but can readily be implemented in a microchip format. Using a conventional CE system, we previously demonstrated the successful separation of non-radioactive version of a clinical PET tracer, 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine (FLT), from its known by-products, and the separation of the PET tracer 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-cytosine (D-FAC) from its α-isomer, with sensitivity nearly as good as HPLC. Building on this feasibility study, in this paper, we describe the first effort to miniaturize the chemical identity and purity tests by using microchip electrophoresis (MCE). The fully automated proof-of-concept system comprises a chip for sample injection, a separation capillary, and an optical detection chip. Using the same model compound (FLT and its known by-products), we demonstrate that samples can be injected, separated, and detected, and show the potential to match the performance of HPLC. Addition of a radiation detector in the future would enable analysis of radiochemical identity and purity in the same device. We envision that eventually this MCE method could be combined with other miniaturized QC tests into a compact integrated system for automated routine QC testing of radiopharmaceuticals in the future. Graphical abstract Miniaturized quality control (QC) testing of batches of radiopharmaceuticals via microfluidic analysis. The proof-of-concept hybrid microchip electrophoresis (MCE) device demonstrated the feasibility of achieving comparable performance to conventional analytical instruments (HPLC or CE) for chemical purity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ly
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7227, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-8352, USA
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Noel S Ha
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7227, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-8352, USA
| | - Shilin Cheung
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-8352, USA
- Trace-ability, Inc., 6160 Bristol Parkway Ste. 200, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7227, USA.
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-8352, USA.
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A microengineered vascularized bleeding model that integrates the principal components of hemostasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:509. [PMID: 29410404 PMCID: PMC5802762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostasis encompasses an ensemble of interactions among platelets, coagulation factors, blood cells, endothelium, and hemodynamic forces, but current assays assess only isolated aspects of this complex process. Accordingly, here we develop a comprehensive in vitro mechanical injury bleeding model comprising an "endothelialized" microfluidic system coupled with a microengineered pneumatic valve that induces a vascular "injury". With perfusion of whole blood, hemostatic plug formation is visualized and "in vitro bleeding time" is measured. We investigate the interaction of different components of hemostasis, gaining insight into several unresolved hematologic issues. Specifically, we visualize and quantitatively demonstrate: the effect of anti-platelet agent on clot contraction and hemostatic plug formation, that von Willebrand factor is essential for hemostasis at high shear, that hemophilia A blood confers unstable hemostatic plug formation and altered fibrin architecture, and the importance of endothelial phosphatidylserine in hemostasis. These results establish the versatility and clinical utility of our microfluidic bleeding model.
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Sahore V, Sonker M, Nielsen AV, Knob R, Kumar S, Woolley AT. Automated microfluidic devices integrating solid-phase extraction, fluorescent labeling, and microchip electrophoresis for preterm birth biomarker analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:933-941. [PMID: 28799040 PMCID: PMC5775915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have developed multichannel integrated microfluidic devices for automated preconcentration, labeling, purification, and separation of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. We fabricated multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane)-cyclic olefin copolymer (PDMS-COC) devices that perform solid-phase extraction (SPE) and microchip electrophoresis (μCE) for automated PTB biomarker analysis. The PDMS control layer had a peristaltic pump and pneumatic valves for flow control, while the PDMS fluidic layer had five input reservoirs connected to microchannels and a μCE system. The COC layers had a reversed-phase octyl methacrylate porous polymer monolith for SPE and fluorescent labeling of PTB biomarkers. We determined μCE conditions for two PTB biomarkers, ferritin (Fer) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). We used these integrated microfluidic devices to preconcentrate and purify off-chip-labeled Fer and CRF in an automated fashion. Finally, we performed a fully automated on-chip analysis of unlabeled PTB biomarkers, involving SPE, labeling, and μCE separation with 1 h total analysis time. These integrated systems have strong potential to be combined with upstream immunoaffinity extraction, offering a compact sample-to-answer biomarker analysis platform. Graphical abstract Pressure-actuated integrated microfluidic devices have been developed for automated solid-phase extraction, fluorescent labeling, and microchip electrophoresis of preterm birth biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Anna V Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602-5700, USA.
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14
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Sonker M, Parker EK, Nielsen AV, Sahore V, Woolley AT. Electrokinetically operated microfluidic devices for integrated immunoaffinity monolith extraction and electrophoretic separation of preterm birth biomarkers. Analyst 2017; 143:224-231. [PMID: 29136068 PMCID: PMC5734996 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are often present in complex biological fluids like blood, requiring multiple, slow sample preparation steps that pose limitations in simplifying analysis. Here we report integrated immunoaffinity extraction and separation devices for analysis of preterm birth biomarkers in a human blood serum matrix. A reactive polymer monolith was used for immobilization of antibodies for selective extraction of target preterm birth biomarkers. Microfluidic immunoaffinity extraction protocols were optimized and then integrated with microchip electrophoresis for separation. Using these integrated devices, a ∼30 min analysis was carried out on low nanomolar concentrations of two preterm birth biomarkers spiked in a human serum matrix. This work is a promising step towards the development of an automated, integrated platform for determination of preterm birth risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Richard D Oleschuk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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16
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Fu LM, Hou HH, Chiu PH, Yang RJ. Sample preconcentration from dilute solutions on micro/nanofluidic platforms: A review. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:289-310. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Ming Fu
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiung Hou
- Department of Engineering Science; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsien Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Jen Yang
- Department of Engineering Science; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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17
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Geng T, Smallwood CR, Bredeweg EL, Pomraning KR, Plymale AE, Baker SE, Evans JE, Kelly RT. Multimodal microfluidic platform for controlled culture and analysis of unicellular organisms. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:054104. [PMID: 28966700 PMCID: PMC5608609 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern live-cell imaging approaches permit real-time visualization of biological processes, yet limitations exist for unicellular organism isolation, culturing, and long-term imaging that preclude fully understanding how cells sense and respond to environmental perturbations and the link between single-cell variability and whole-population dynamics. Here, we present a microfluidic platform that provides fine control over the local environment with the capacity to replace media components at any experimental time point, and provides both perfused and compartmentalized cultivation conditions depending on the valve configuration. The functionality and flexibility of the platform were validated using both bacteria and yeast having different sizes, motility, and growth media. The demonstrated ability to track the growth and dynamics of both motile and non-motile prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms emphasizes the versatility of the devices, which should enable studies in bioenergy and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Chuck R Smallwood
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Erin L Bredeweg
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Andrew E Plymale
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott E Baker
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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18
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Recent advances in microfluidic sample preparation and separation techniques for molecular biomarker analysis: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 986:1-11. [PMID: 28870312 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is a vibrant and expanding field that has the potential for solving many analytical challenges. Microfluidics show promise to provide rapid, inexpensive, efficient, and portable diagnostic solutions that can be used in resource-limited settings. Researchers have recently reported various microfluidic platforms for biomarker analysis applications. Sample preparation processes like purification, preconcentration and labeling have been characterized on-chip. Additionally, improvements in microfluidic separation techniques have been reported for molecular biomarkers. This review critically evaluates microfluidic sample preparation platforms and separation methods for biomarker analysis reported in the last two years. Key advances in device operation and ability to process different sample matrices in a variety of device materials are highlighted. Finally, current needs and potential future directions for microfluidic device development to realize its full diagnostic potential are discussed.
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19
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Novel volumetric method for highly repeatable injection in microchip electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:129-140. [PMID: 28864183 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel injector for microchip electrophoresis (MCE) has been designed and evaluated that achieves very high repeatability of injection volume suitable for quantitative analysis. It eliminates the injection biases in electrokinetic injection and the dependence on pressure and sample properties in hydrodynamic injection. The microfluidic injector, made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), operates similarly to an HPLC injection valve. It contains a channel segment (chamber) with a well-defined volume that serves as an "injection loop". Using on-chip microvalves, the chamber can be connected to the sample source during the "loading" step, and to the CE separation channel during the "injection" step. Once the valves are opened in the second state, electrophoretic potential is applied to separate the sample. For evaluation and demonstration purposes, the microinjector was connected to a 75 μm ID capillary and UV absorbance detector. For single compounds, a relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area as low as 1.04% (n = 11) was obtained, and for compound mixtures, RSD as low as 0.40% (n = 4) was observed. Using the same microchip, the performance of this new injection technique was compared to hydrodynamic injection and found to have improved repeatability and less dependence on sample viscosity. Furthermore, a non-radioactive version of the positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging probe, FLT, was successfully separated from its known 3 structurally-similar byproducts with baseline resolution, demonstrating the potential for rapid, quantitative analysis of impurities to ensure the safety of batches of short-lived radiotracers. Both the separation efficiency and injection repeatability were found to be substantially higher when using the novel volumetric injection approach compared to electrokinetic injection (performed in the same chip). This novel microinjector provides a straightforward way to improve the performance of hydrodynamic injection and enables extremely repeatable sample volume injection in MCE. It could be used in any MCE application where volume repeatability is needed, including the quantitation of impurities in pharmaceutical or radiopharmaceutical samples.
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20
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Ha JW. Acupuncture Injection Combined with Electrokinetic Injection for Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Devices. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:7495348. [PMID: 28326222 PMCID: PMC5343277 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7495348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported acupuncture sample injection that leads to reproducible injection of nL-scale sample segments into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel for microchip capillary electrophoresis. The advantages of the acupuncture injection in microchip capillary electrophoresis include capability of minimizing sample loss and voltage control hardware and capability of introducing sample plugs into any desired position of a microchannel. However, the challenge in the previous study was to achieve reproducible, pL-scale sample injections into PDMS microchannels. In the present study, we introduce an acupuncture injection technique combined with electrokinetic injection (AICEI) technique to inject pL-scale sample segments for microchip capillary electrophoresis. We carried out the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separation of FITC and fluorescein, and the mixture of 10 μM FITC and 10 μM fluorescein was separated completely by using the AICEI method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wuethrich A, Quirino JP. Sensitivity enhancing injection from a sample reservoir and channel interface in microchip electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:927-932. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Physical Sciences‐Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Physical Sciences‐Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
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22
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Ha JW, Hahn JH. Acupuncture injection for field amplified sample stacking and glass microchip-based capillary gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:521-524. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Ha
- Department of Chemistry; University of Ulsan; Ulsan South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang South Korea
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23
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Breadmore MC, Wuethrich A, Li F, Phung SC, Kalsoom U, Cabot JM, Tehranirokh M, Shallan AI, Abdul Keyon AS, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2014–2016). Electrophoresis 2016; 38:33-59. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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24
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Analysis of proteins and peptides by electromigration methods in microchips. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:228-250. [PMID: 27704694 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the developments and applications of microchip electromigration methods in the separation and analysis of peptides and proteins in the period 2011-mid-2016. The developments in sample preparation and preconcentration, microchannel material, and surface treatment are described. Separations by various microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in free and sieving media, affinity electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) are demonstrated. Advances in detection methods are reported and novel applications in the areas of proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices, and determination of physicochemical parameters are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Rohani A, Varhue W, Liao KT, Chou CF, Swami NS. Nanoslit design for ion conductivity gradient enhanced dielectrophoresis for ultrafast biomarker enrichment in physiological media. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:033109. [PMID: 27462378 PMCID: PMC4930445 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective and rapid enrichment of biomolecules is of great interest for biomarker discovery, protein crystallization, and in biosensing for speeding assay kinetics and reducing signal interferences. The current state of the art is based on DC electrokinetics, wherein localized ion depletion at the microchannel to nanochannel interface is used to enhance electric fields, and the resulting biomarker electromigration is balanced against electro-osmosis in the microchannel to cause high degrees of biomarker enrichment. However, biomarker enrichment is not selective, and the levels fall off within physiological media of high conductivity, due to a reduction in ion concentration polarization and electro-osmosis effects. Herein, we present a methodology for coupling AC electrokinetics with ion concentration polarization effects in nanoslits under DC fields, for enabling ultrafast biomarker enrichment in physiological media. Using AC fields at the critical frequency necessary for negative dielectrophoresis of the biomarker of interest, along with a critical offset DC field to create proximal ion accumulation and depletion regions along the perm-selective region inside a nanoslit, we enhance the localized field and field gradient to enable biomarker enrichment over a wide spatial extent along the nanoslit length. While enrichment under DC electrokinetics relies solely on ion depletion to enhance fields, this AC electrokinetic mechanism utilizes ion depletion as well as ion accumulation regions to enhance the field and its gradient. Hence, biomarker enrichment continues to be substantial in spite of the steady drop in nanostructure perm-selectivity within physiological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rohani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Walter Varhue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Kuo-Tang Liao
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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26
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Ha JW, Hahn JH. Acupuncture Sample Injection for Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrokinetic Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4629-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Hahn
- Department of Chemistry,
BioNanotechnology Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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