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Zhang Y, Nada B, Baker SE, Evans JE, Tian C, Benz JP, Tamayo E. Unveiling a classical mutant in the context of the GH3 β-glucosidase family in Neurospora crassa. AMB Express 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38180602 PMCID: PMC10770018 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical fungal mutant strains obtained by mutagenesis have helped to elucidate fundamental metabolic pathways in the past. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, the gluc-1 strain was isolated long ago and characterized by its low level of β-glucosidase activity, which is essential for the degradation of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and the main polymeric component of the plant cell wall. Based on genomic resequencing, we hypothesized that the causative mutation resides in the β-glucosidase gene gh3-3 (bgl6, NCU08755). In this work, growth patterns, enzymatic activities and sugar utilization rates were analyzed in several mutant and overexpression strains related to gluc-1 and gh3-3. In addition, different mutants affected in the degradation and transport of cellobiose were analyzed. While overexpression of gh3-3 led to the recovery of β-glucosidase activity in the gluc-1 mutant, as well as normal utilization of cellobiose, the full gene deletion strain Δgh3-3 was found to behave differently than gluc-1 with lower secreted β-glucosidase activity, indicating a dominant role of the amino acid substitution in the point mutated gh3-3 gene of gluc-1. Our results furthermore confirm that GH3-3 is the major extracellular β-glucosidase in N. crassa and demonstrate that the two cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 are essential for growth on cellobiose when the three main N. crassa β-glucosidases are absent. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of cellulose utilization in filamentous fungi, being an essential step in the efficient production of biorefinable sugars from agricultural and forestry plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Basant Nada
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Scott E Baker
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Microbial Molecular Phenotyping Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Microbial Molecular Phenotyping Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Tamayo
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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2
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Deng S, Kim J, Pomraning KR, Gao Y, Evans JE, Hofstad BA, Dai Z, Webb-Robertson BJ, Powell SM, Novikova IV, Munoz N, Kim YM, Swita M, Robles AL, Lemmon T, Duong RD, Nicora C, Burnum-Johnson KE, Magnuson J. Identification of a specific exporter that enables high production of aconitic acid in Aspergillus pseudoterreus. Metab Eng 2023; 80:163-172. [PMID: 37778408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Aconitic acid is an unsaturated tricarboxylic acid that is attractive for its potential use in manufacturing biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, plasticizers, and surfactants. Previously Aspergillus pseudoterreus was engineered as a platform to produce aconitic acid by deleting the cadA (cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase) gene in the itaconic acid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the aconitic acid transporter gene (aexA) was identified using comparative global discovery proteomics analysis between the wild-type and cadA deletion strains. The protein AexA belongs to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS). Deletion of aexA almost abolished aconitic acid secretion, while its overexpression led to a significant increase in aconitic acid production. Transportation of aconitic acid across the plasma membrane is a key limiting step in its production. In vitro, proteoliposome transport assay further validated AexA's function and substrate specificity. This research provides new approaches to efficiently pinpoint and characterize exporters of fungal organic acids and accelerate metabolic engineering to improve secretion capability and lower the cost of bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Deng
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Yuqian Gao
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - James E Evans
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Beth A Hofstad
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ziyu Dai
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Bobbie-Jo Webb-Robertson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Samantha M Powell
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Irina V Novikova
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Nathalie Munoz
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Marie Swita
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ana L Robles
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Teresa Lemmon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Rylan D Duong
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Carrie Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Jon Magnuson
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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3
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Nkiliza A, Huguenard CJ, Aldrich GJ, Ferguson S, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Evans JE, Dretsch M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Levels of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Oxylipins and Anandamide Are Elevated Among Military APOE ɛ4 Carriers With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:643-654. [PMID: 37786567 PMCID: PMC10541938 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently approved blood biomarkers detect intracranial lesions in adult patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) acutely post-injury. However, blood biomarkers are still needed to help with a differential diagnosis of mild TBI (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at chronic post-injury time points. Owing to the association between phospholipid (PL) dysfunction and chronic consequences of TBI, we hypothesized that examining bioactive PL metabolites (oxylipins and ethanolamides) would help identify long-term lipid changes associated with mTBI and PTSD. Lipid extracts of plasma from active-duty soldiers deployed to the Iraq/Afghanistan wars (control = 52, mTBI = 21, PTSD = 34, and TBI + PTSD = 13) were subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to examine oxylipins and ethanolamides. Linear regression analyses followed by post hoc comparisons were performed to assess the association of these lipids with diagnostic classifications. Significant differences were found in oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid (AA) between controls and mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD groups. Levels of AA-derived oxylipins through the cytochrome P450 pathways and anandamide were significantly elevated among mTBI + PTSD patients who were carriers of the apolipoprotein E E4 allele. These studies demonstrate that AA-derived oxylipins and anandamide may be unique blood biomarkers of PTSD and mTBI + PTSD. Further, these AA metabolites may be indicative of an underlying inflammatory process that warrants further investigation. Future validation studies in larger cohorts are required to determine a potential application of this approach in providing a differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Claire J.C. Huguenard
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott Ferguson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Michael Dretsch
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
- U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Novosel, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Evans JE, Hazen SL, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Age and APOE affect L-carnitine system metabolites in the brain in the APOE-TR model. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1059017. [PMID: 36688151 PMCID: PMC9853982 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1059017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With age the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele (involved in lipid homeostasis) is associated with perturbation of bioenergetics pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore hypothesized that in aging mice APOE genotype would affect the L-carnitine system (central to lipid bioenergetics), in the brain and in the periphery. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, levels of L-carnitine and associated metabolites: γ-butyrobetaine (GBB), crotonobetaine, as well as acylcarnitines, were evaluated at 10-, 25-, and 50-weeks, in the brain and the periphery, in a targeted replacement mouse model of human APOE (APOE-TR). Aged APOE-TR mice were also orally administered 125 mg/kg of L-carnitine daily for 7 days followed by evaluation of brain, liver, and plasma L-carnitine system metabolites. Compared to E4-TR, an age-dependent increase among E2- and E3-TR mice was detected for medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines (MCA and LCA, respectively) within the cerebrovasculature and brain parenchyma. While following L-carnitine oral challenge, E4-TR mice had higher increases in the L-carnitine metabolites, GBB and crotonobetaine in the brain and a reduction of plasma to brain total acylcarnitine ratios compared to other genotypes. These studies suggest that with aging, the presence of the E4 allele may contribute to alterations in the L-carnitine bioenergetic system and to the generation of L-carnitine metabolites that could have detrimental effects on the vascular system. Collectively the E4 allele and aging may therefore contribute to AD pathogenesis through aging-related lipid bioenergetics as well as cerebrovascular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. C. Huguenard
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James E. Evans
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
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5
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George A, Kim DN, Moser T, Gildea IT, Evans JE, Cheung MS. Graph identification of proteins in tomograms (GRIP-Tomo). Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4538. [PMID: 36482866 PMCID: PMC9798246 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a method of pattern mining based on network theory that enables the identification of protein structures or complexes from synthetic volume densities, without the knowledge of predefined templates or human biases for refinement. We hypothesized that the topological connectivity of protein structures is invariant, and they are distinctive for the purpose of protein identification from distorted data presented in volume densities. Three-dimensional densities of a protein or a complex from simulated tomographic volumes were transformed into mathematical graphs as observables. We systematically introduced data distortion or defects such as missing fullness of data, the tumbling effect, and the missing wedge effect into the simulated volumes, and varied the distance cutoffs in pixels to capture the varying connectivity between the density cluster centroids in the presence of defects. A similarity score between the graphs from the simulated volumes and the graphs transformed from the physical protein structures in point data was calculated by comparing their network theory order parameters including node degrees, betweenness centrality, and graph densities. By capturing the essential topological features defining the heterogeneous morphologies of a network, we were able to accurately identify proteins and homo-multimeric complexes from 10 topologically distinctive samples without realistic noise added. Our approach empowers future developments of tomogram processing by providing pattern mining with interpretability, to enable the classification of single-domain protein native topologies as well as distinct single-domain proteins from multimeric complexes within noisy volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- August George
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Doo Nam Kim
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Ian T Gildea
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret S Cheung
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Evans JE, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Keegan AP, Luis C, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Yassine HN, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. APOE ε4 and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis associated differences in L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines in blood and brain. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103362. [PMID: 36436355 PMCID: PMC10066735 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined the influence of APOE genotypes on blood and brain markers of the L-carnitine system, necessary for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and their collective influence on the clinical and pathological outcomes of AD. METHODS L-carnitine, its metabolites γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), and its esters (acylcarnitines) were analyzed in blood from predominantly White community/clinic-based individuals (n = 372) and in plasma and brain from the Religious Order Study (ROS) (n = 79) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). FINDINGS Relative to total blood acylcarnitines, levels of short chain acylcarnitines (SCAs) were higher whereas long chain acylcarnitines (LCAs) were lower in AD, which was observed pre-clinically in APOE ε4s. Plasma medium chain acylcarnitines (MCAs) were higher amongst cognitively healthy APOE ε2 carriers relative to other genotypes. Compared to their respective controls, elevated TMAO and lower L-carnitine and GBB were associated with AD clinical diagnosis and these differences were detected preclinically among APOE ε4 carriers. Plasma and brain GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines were also associated with post-mortem brain amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular pathologies. INTERPRETATION Alterations in blood L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines occur early in clinical AD progression and are influenced by APOE genotype. These changes correlate with post-mortem brain AD and cerebrovascular pathologies. Additional studies are required to better understand the role of the FAO disturbances in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J C Huguenard
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Luis
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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7
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Parvate AD, Powell SM, Brookreson JT, Moser TH, Novikova IV, Zhou M, Evans JE. Cryo-EM structure of the diapause chaperone artemin. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:998562. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.998562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein artemin acts as both an RNA and protein chaperone and constitutes over 10% of all protein in Artemia cysts during diapause. However, its mechanistic details remain elusive since no high-resolution structure of artemin exists. Here we report the full-length structure of artemin at 2.04 Å resolution. The cryo-EM map contains density for an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys22-Cys61 and resolves the entire C-terminus extending into the core of the assembled protein cage but in a different configuration than previously hypothesized with molecular modeling. We also provide data supporting the role of C-terminal helix F towards stabilizing the dimer form that is believed to be important for its chaperoning activity. We were able to destabilize this effect by placing a tag at the C-terminus to fully pack the internal cavity and cause limited steric hindrance.
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8
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Riahin C, Mendis K, Busick B, Ptaszek M, Yang M, Stacey G, Parvate A, Evans JE, Traeger J, Hu D, Orr G, Rosenzweig Z. Near Infrared Emitting Semiconductor Polymer Dots for Bioimaging and Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7218. [PMID: 36236328 PMCID: PMC9571013 DOI: 10.3390/s22197218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) are rapidly becoming one of the most studied nanoparticles in fluorescence bioimaging and sensing. Their small size, high brightness, and resistance to photobleaching make them one of the most attractive fluorophores for fluorescence imaging and sensing applications. This paper highlights our recent advances in fluorescence bioimaging and sensing with nanoscale luminescent Pdots, specifically the use of organic dyes as dopant molecules to modify the optical properties of Pdots to enable deep red and near infrared fluorescence bioimaging applications and to impart sensitivity of dye doped Pdots towards selected analytes. Building on our earlier work, we report the formation of secondary antibody-conjugated Pdots and provide Cryo-TEM evidence for their formation. We demonstrate the selective targeting of the antibody-conjugated Pdots to FLAG-tagged FLS2 membrane receptors in genetically engineered plant leaf cells. We also report the formation of a new class of luminescent Pdots with emission wavelengths of around 1000 nm. Finally, we demonstrate the formation and utility of oxygen sensing Pdots in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Riahin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Kushani Mendis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Brandon Busick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Mengran Yang
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Amar Parvate
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jeremiah Traeger
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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9
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Moser T, Evans JE. Inactivation of Fluorescent Lipid Bilayers by Irradiation With 300 keV Electrons Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. Front Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.772469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy allows for imaging of samples in a fully hydrated state at high resolution and has the potential for visualizing static or dynamic biological structures. However, the ionizing nature of the electron beam makes it difficult to discern real physiological dynamics from radiation induced artifacts within liquid cell samples. Electron flux thresholds for achieving high resolution structures from biological samples frozen in ice have been described extensively by the cryo-electron microscopy field, while electron flux thresholds which do not result in a functional change for biological samples within the hydrated environment of a transmission electron microscope liquid cell is less clear. Establishing these functional thresholds for biologically relevant samples is important for accurate interpretation of results from liquid cell experiments. Here we demonstrate the electron damage threshold of fluorescently tagged lipid bilayers by quantifying the change in fluorescence before and after electron exposure. We observe the reduction of fluorescent signal in bilayers by 25% after only 0.0005 e−/Å2 and a reduction of over 90% after 0.01 e−/Å2. These results indicate that the loss of function occurs at irradiation thresholds far below a typical single high resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy image and orders of magnitude below fluxes used for preserving structural features with cryo-electron microscopy.
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10
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Oberlin S, Nkiliza A, Parks M, Evans JE, Klimas N, Keegan AP, Sullivan K, Krengel MH, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Sex-specific differences in plasma lipid profiles are associated with Gulf War Illness. J Transl Med 2022; 20:73. [PMID: 35123492 PMCID: PMC8817550 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 250,000 veterans from the 1990–1991 Gulf War have Gulf War Illness (GWI), a condition with heterogeneous pathobiology that remains difficult to diagnose. As such, availability of blood biomarkers that reflect the underlying biology of GWI would help clinicians provide appropriate care to ill veterans. In this study, we measured blood lipids to examine the influence of sex on the association between blood lipids and GWI diagnosis. Methods Plasma lipid extracts from GWI (n = 100) and control (n = 45) participants were subjected to reversed-phase nano-flow liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Results An influence of sex and GWI case status on plasma neutral lipid and phospholipid species was observed. Among male participants, triglycerides, diglycerides, and phosphatidylcholines were increased while cholesterol esters were decreased in GWI cases compared to controls. In female participants, ceramides were increased in GWI cases compared to controls. Among male participants, unsaturated triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and diglycerides were increased while unsaturated cholesterol esters were lower in GWI cases compared to controls. The ratio of arachidonic acid- to docosahexaenoic acid-containing triglyceride species was increased in female and male GWI cases as compared to their sex-matched controls. Conclusion Differential modulation of neutral lipids and ratios of arachidonic acid to docosahexaenoic acid in male veterans with GWI suggest metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Increases in ceramides among female veterans with GWI also suggest activation of inflammatory pathways. Future research should characterize how these lipids and their associated pathways relate to GWI pathology to identify biomarkers of the disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03272-3.
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11
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Novikova IV, Zhou M, Evans JE, Du C, Parra M, Kim DN, VanAernum ZL, Shaw JB, Hellmann H, Wysocki VH. Tunable Heteroassembly of a Plant Pseudoenzyme-Enzyme Complex. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2315-2325. [PMID: 34520180 PMCID: PMC9979268 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoenzymes have emerged as key regulatory elements in all kingdoms of life despite being catalytically nonactive. Yet many factors defining why one protein is active while its homologue is inactive remain uncertain. For pseudoenzyme-enzyme pairs, the similarity of both subunits can often hinder conventional characterization approaches. In plants, a pseudoenzyme, PDX1.2, positively regulates vitamin B6 production by association with its active catalytic homologues such as PDX1.3 through an unknown assembly mechanism. Here we used an integrative experimental approach to learn that such pseudoenzyme-enzyme pair associations result in heterocomplexes of variable stoichiometry, which are unexpectedly tunable. We also present the atomic structure of the PDX1.2 pseudoenzyme as well as the population averaged PDX1.2-PDX1.3 pseudoenzyme-enzyme pair. Finally, we dissected hetero-dodecamers of each stoichiometry to understand the arrangement of monomers in the heterocomplexes and identified symmetry-imposed preferences in PDX1.2-PDX1.3 interactions. Our results provide a new model of pseudoenzyme-enzyme interactions and their native heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Novikova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Chen Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States; Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Marcelina Parra
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Doo Nam Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zachary L. VanAernum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States; Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jared B. Shaw
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States; Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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12
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Nkiliza A, Parks M, Cseresznye A, Oberlin S, Evans JE, Darcey T, Aenlle K, Niedospial D, Mullan M, Crawford F, Klimas N, Abdullah L. Sex-specific plasma lipid profiles of ME/CFS patients and their association with pain, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms. J Transl Med 2021; 19:370. [PMID: 34454515 PMCID: PMC8401202 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex illness which disproportionally affects females. This illness is associated with immune and metabolic perturbations that may be influenced by lipid metabolism. We therefore hypothesized that plasma lipids from ME/CFS patients will provide a unique biomarker signature of disturbances in immune, inflammation and metabolic processes associated with ME/CFS. Methods Lipidomic analyses were performed on plasma from a cohort of 50 ME/CFS patients and 50 controls (50% males and similar age and ethnicity per group). Analyses were conducted with nano-flow liquid chromatography (nLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems coupled with a high mass accuracy ORBITRAP mass spectrometer, allowing detection of plasma lipid concentration ranges over three orders of magnitude. We examined plasma phospholipids (PL), neutral lipids (NL) and bioactive lipids in ME/CFS patients and controls and examined the influence of sex on the relationship between lipids and ME/CFS diagnosis. Results Among females, levels of total phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), omega-6 arachidonic acid-containing PE, and total hexosylceramides (HexCer) were significantly decreased in ME/CFS compared to controls. In males, levels of total HexCer, monounsaturated PE, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and saturated triglycerides (TG) were increased in ME/CFS patients compared to controls. Additionally, omega-6 linoleic acid-derived oxylipins were significantly increased in male ME/CFS patients versus male controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three major components containing mostly PC and a few PE, PI and SM species—all of which were negatively associated with headache and fatigue severity, irrespective of sex. Correlations of oxylipins, ethanolamides and ME/CFS symptom severity showed that lower concentrations of these lipids corresponded with an increase in the severity of headaches, fatigue and cognitive difficulties and that this association was influenced by sex. Conclusion The observed sex-specific pattern of dysregulated PL, NL, HexCer and oxylipins in ME/CFS patients suggests a possible role of these lipids in promoting immune dysfunction and inflammation which may be among the underlying factors driving the clinical presentation of fatigue, chronic pain, and cognitive difficulties in ill patients. Further evaluation of lipid metabolism pathways is warranted to better understand ME/CFS pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03035-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Megan Parks
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Aenlle
- Institute for NeuroImmune Medicine, VAMC, GRECC, Nova Southeastern University, Miami, USA
| | - Daniel Niedospial
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Institute for NeuroImmune Medicine, VAMC, GRECC, Nova Southeastern University, Miami, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
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13
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Nkiliza A, Joshi U, Evans JE, Ait-Ghezala G, Parks M, Crawford F, Mullan M, Abdullah L. Adaptive Immune Responses Associated with the Central Nervous System Pathology of Gulf War Illness. Neurosci Insights 2021; 16:26331055211018458. [PMID: 34104887 PMCID: PMC8155779 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness is a multisymptomatic condition which affects 30% of veterans
from the 1991 Gulf War. While there is evidence for a role of peripheral
cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness, a potential
role of the adaptive immune system in the central nervous system pathology of
this condition remains unknown. Furthermore, many of the clinical features of
Gulf War Illness resembles those of autoimmune diseases, but the biological
processes are likely different as the etiology of Gulf War Illness is linked to
hazardous chemical exposures specific to the Gulf War theatre. This review
discusses Gulf War chemical–induced maladaptive immune responses and a potential
role of cellular and humoral immune responses that may be relevant to the
central nervous system symptoms and pathology of Gulf War Illness. The
discussion may stimulate investigations into adaptive immunity for developing
novel therapies for Gulf War Illness.
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14
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Liu Y, Peters WS, Froelich DR, Howell AH, Mooney S, Evans JE, Hellmann HA, Knoblauch M. Aspartate Residues in a Forisome-Forming SEO Protein Are Critical for Protein Body Assembly and Ca2+ Responsiveness. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:1699-1710. [PMID: 33035344 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forisomes are protein bodies known exclusively from sieve elements of legumes. Forisomes contribute to the regulation of phloem transport due to their unique Ca2+-controlled, reversible swelling. The assembly of forisomes from sieve element occlusion (SEO) protein monomers in developing sieve elements and the mechanism(s) of Ca2+-dependent forisome contractility are poorly understood because the amino acid sequences of SEO proteins lack conventional protein-protein interaction and Ca2+-binding motifs. We selected amino acids potentially responsible for forisome-specific functions by analyzing SEO protein sequences in comparison to those of the widely distributed SEO-related (SEOR), or SEOR proteins. SEOR proteins resemble SEO proteins closely but lack any Ca2+ responsiveness. We exchanged identified candidate residues by directed mutagenesis of the Medicago truncatula SEO1 gene, expressed the mutated genes in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and studied the structural and functional phenotypes of the forisome-like bodies that formed in the transgenic cells. We identified three aspartate residues critical for Ca2+ responsiveness and two more that were required for forisome-like bodies to assemble. The phenotypes observed further suggested that Ca2+-controlled and pH-inducible swelling effects in forisome-like bodies proceeded by different yet interacting mechanisms. Finally, we observed a previously unknown surface striation in native forisomes and in recombinant forisome-like bodies that could serve as an indicator of successful forisome assembly. To conclude, this study defines a promising path to the elucidation of the so-far elusive molecular mechanisms of forisome assembly and Ca2+-dependent contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Winfried S Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Alexander H Howell
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sutton Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - James E Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Hanjo A Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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15
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Joshi U, Evans JE, Pearson A, Saltiel N, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Ojo J, Keegan AP, Oberlin S, Mouzon B, Paris D, Klimas N, Sullivan K, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Targeting sirtuin activity with nicotinamide riboside reduces neuroinflammation in a GWI mouse model. Neurotoxicology 2020; 79:84-94. [PMID: 32343995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War (GW), who suffer from symptoms that reflect ongoing mitochondria dysfunction. Brain mitochondria bioenergetics dysfunction in GWI animal models corresponds with astroglia activation and neuroinflammation. In a pilot study of GW veterans (n = 43), we observed that blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) protein levels were decreased in the blood of veterans with GWI compared to healthy GW veterans. Since nicotinamide riboside (NR)-mediated targeting of Sirt1 is shown to improve mitochondria function, we tested whether NR can restore brain bioenergetics and reduce neuroinflammation in a GWI mouse model. We administered a mouse diet supplemented with NR at 100μg/kg daily for 2-months to GWI and control mice (n = 27). During treatment, mice were assessed for fatigue-type behavior using the Forced Swim Test (FST), followed by euthanasia for biochemistry and immunohistochemistry analyses. Fatigue-type behavior was elevated in GWI mice compared to control mice and lower in GWI mice treated with NR compared to untreated GWI mice. Levels of plasma NAD and brain Sirt1 were low in untreated GWI mice, while GWI mice treated with NR had higher levels, similar to those of control mice. Deacetylation of the nuclear-factor κB (NFκB) p65 subunit and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) was an increase in the brains of NR-treated GWI mice. This corresponded with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation and an increase in markers of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the brains of GWI mice. These findings suggest that targeting NR mediated Sirt1 activation restores brain bioenergetics and reduces inflammation in GWI mice. Further evaluation of NR in GWI is warranted to determine its potential efficacy in treating GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Joshi
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Joseph Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Andrew P Keegan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.
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16
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Bhattarai A, Cheng Z, Joly AG, Novikova IV, Evans JE, Schultz ZD, Jones MR, El-Khoury PZ. Tip-Enhanced Raman Nanospectroscopy of Smooth Spherical Gold Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1795-1801. [PMID: 32069408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We record nanoscale-resolved chemical images of thiobenzonitrile (TBN)-functionalized smooth gold nanospheres on silicon via tip-enhanced Raman (TER) nanospectroscopy. The recorded images trace the nascence of the familiar doughnut-shaped scattering profile of nanoparticles on silicon at its origin (the particle surface), which appears as a horseshoe-shaped scattering pattern under our experimental conditions. The local optical field maps are in agreement with their simulated finite-difference time-domain analogues. Analysis of the recorded spectra with the aid of ab-initio-molecular-dynamics-based Raman spectral simulations further suggests that optical rectification and molecular charging take place throughout the course of atomic-force-microscopy-based TER nanoscale chemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bhattarai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alan G Joly
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Irina V Novikova
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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17
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Evans JE, Oberlin S, Langlois H, Ferguson S, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Dretsch M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Plasma Lipidomic Analyses in Cohorts With mTBI and/or PTSD Reveal Lipids Differentially Associated With Diagnosis and APOE ε4 Carrier Status. Front Physiol 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 32082186 PMCID: PMC7005602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) sequelae and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is challenging due to their symptomatic overlap and co-morbidity. As such, there is a need to develop biomarkers which can help with differential diagnosis of these two conditions. Studies from our group and others suggest that blood and brain lipids are chronically altered in both mTBI and PTSD. Therefore, examining blood lipids presents a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach to identify promising biomarkers of these conditions. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) we examined hundreds of lipid species in the blood of healthy active duty soldiers (n = 52) and soldiers with mTBI (n = 21), PTSD (n = 34) as well as co-morbid mTBI and PTSD (n = 13) to test whether lipid levels were differentially altered with each. We also examined if the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele can affect the association between diagnosis and peripheral lipid levels in this cohort. We show that several lipid classes are altered with diagnosis and that there is an interaction between diagnosis and the ε4 carrier status on these lipids. Indeed, total lipid levels as well as both the degree of unsaturation and chain lengths are differentially altered with diagnosis and ε4 status, specifically long chain unsaturated triglycerides (TG) and both saturated and mono-unsaturated diglycerides (DG). Additionally, an examination of lipid species reveals distinct profiles in each diagnostic group stratified by ε4 status, mainly in TG, saturated DG species and polyunsaturated phosphatidylserines. In summary, we show that peripheral lipids are promising biomarker candidates to assist with the differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD. Further, ε4 carrier status alone and in interaction with diagnosis has a strong influence on peripheral lipid levels. Therefore, examining ε4 status along with peripheral lipid levels could help with differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J C Huguenard
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James E Evans
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Heather Langlois
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Scott Ferguson
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, United States.,U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
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18
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Emmerich T, Abdullah L, Ojo J, Mouzon B, Nguyen T, Crynen G, Evans JE, Reed J, Mullan M, Crawford F. Correction to: Mild TBI Results in a Long-Term Decrease in Circulating Phospholipids in a Mouse Model of Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:331. [PMID: 32078110 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Gary S. Laco should not be listed as an author in the author group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Emmerich
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK. .,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Thinh Nguyen
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - James E Evans
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jon Reed
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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19
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Joshi U, Pearson A, Evans JE, Langlois H, Saltiel N, Ojo J, Klimas N, Sullivan K, Keegan AP, Oberlin S, Darcey T, Cseresznye A, Raya B, Paris D, Hammock B, Vasylieva N, Hongsibsong S, Stern LJ, Crawford F, Mullan M, Abdullah L. A permethrin metabolite is associated with adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:545-559. [PMID: 31325531 PMCID: PMC7155744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI), affecting 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War (GW), is a multi-symptom illness with features similar to those of patients with autoimmune diseases. The objective of the current work is to determine if exposure to GW-related pesticides, such as permethrin (PER), activates peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) adaptive immune responses. In the current study, we focused on a PER metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), as this is a common metabolite previously shown to form adducts with endogenous proteins. We observed the presence of 3-PBA and 3-PBA modified lysine of protein peptides in the brain, blood and liver of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and PER (PB+PER) exposed mice at acute and chronic post-exposure timepoints. We tested whether 3-PBA-haptenated albumin (3-PBA-albumin) can activate immune cells since it is known that chemically haptenated proteins can stimulate immune responses. We detected autoantibodies against 3-PBA-albumin in plasma from PB + PER exposed mice and veterans with GWI at chronic post-exposure timepoints. We also observed that in vitro treatment of blood with 3-PBA-albumin resulted in the activation of B- and T-helper lymphocytes and that these immune cells were also increased in blood of PB + PER exposed mice and veterans with GWI. These immune changes corresponded with elevated levels of infiltrating monocytes in the brain and blood of PB + PER exposed mice which coincided with alterations in the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption, brain macrophages and neuroinflammation. These studies suggest that pesticide exposure associated with GWI may have resulted in the activation of the peripheral and CNS adaptive immune responses, possibly contributing to an autoimmune-type phenotype in veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Joshi
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Heather Langlois
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- NOVA Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA,Miami VAMC, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Balaram Raya
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang, Thailand
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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20
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Joshi U, Evans JE, Joseph R, Emmerich T, Saltiel N, Lungmus C, Oberlin S, Langlois H, Ojo J, Mouzon B, Paris D, Mullan M, Jin C, Klimas N, Sullivan K, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Author Correction: Oleoylethanolamide treatment reduces neurobehavioral deficits and brain pathology in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11011. [PMID: 31337781 PMCID: PMC6650485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Joshi
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. .,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ross Joseph
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tanja Emmerich
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Carlyn Lungmus
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Heather Langlois
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chao Jin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- NOVA Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami VAMC, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
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21
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Chitguppi C, Rabinowitz MR, Johnson J, Bar-Ad V, Fastenberg JH, Molligan J, Berman E, Nyquist GG, Rosen MR, Evans JE, Mardekian SK. Loss of SMARCB1 Expression Confers Poor Prognosis to Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019; 81:610-619. [PMID: 33381364 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the diverse histopathologic features and variable survival rates seen in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), it is likely that this diagnostic entity is comprised of a heterogonous group of morphologically undifferentiated tumors. As advancements in molecular testing have led to a better understanding of tumor biology, it has become increasingly evident that SNUC may actually encompass several tumor subtypes with different clinical behavior. As a result, it is also likely that all SNUC patients cannot be treated in the same fashion. Recent investigations have identified loss of the tumor suppressor SMARCB1 (INI1) expression in a subset of undifferentiated sinonasal tumors and extrasinonasal tumors and, studies have suggested that this genetic aberration may be a poor prognostic marker. The objective of this study was to identify differential expression of SMARCB1 in SNUC and to analyze and compare the survival outcomes in SNUC patients with and without SMARCB1 expression. Methods All cases of undifferentiated or poorly differentiated neoplasms of the sinonasal tract treated between 2007 and 2018 at a single tertiary care institution were selected. All cases of SNUC were tested for SMARCB1 status by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Clinical parameters were analyzed using Student's t -test and Fischer's test. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate survival durations, while comparison between both the subgroups was done using the log-rank test. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS software, Version 25 (IBM, New York, NY, United States). Results Fourteen cases of SNUC were identified. Approximately two-thirds (64%; n = 9) of patients were male and the majority (79%; n = 11) were between fifth to seventh decade. Skull base and orbital invasion were seen in 79% ( n = 11) and 93% ( n = 13) of cases, respectively. Fifty-seven percent of tumors ( n = 8) retained SMARCB1 expression by IHC (SR-SNUC), while the remaining 43% ( n = 6) showed loss of SMARCB1 expression and, thus, were considered as SMARCB1 -deficient (SD-SNUC). Although clinicopathological features and treatment modalities were similar, SD-SNUC showed poorer (OS: p = 0.07; disease free survival [DFS]: p = 0.02) overall survival (OS) and DFS on Kaplan-Meier curves. Additionally, SD-SNUC showed higher recurrence (75 vs. 17%) and mortality (67 vs. 14%) (hazard rate = 8.562; p = 0.05) rates. Both OS (28.82 ± 31.15 vs. 53.24 ± 37.50) and DFS durations (10.62 ± 10.26 vs. 43.79 ± 40.97) were consistently worse for SD-SNUC. Five-year survival probabilities were lower for SD-SNUC (0.33 vs. 0.85). Conclusion SNUC represents a heterogeneous group of undifferentiated sinonasal malignancies. Based on the status of SMARCB1 expression, the two subgroups SD-SNUC and SR-SNUC appear to represent distinct clinical entities, with loss of SMARCB1 expression conferring an overall worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandala Chitguppi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mindy R Rabinowitz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Voichita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology-Head and Neck Cancer, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Judd H Fastenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeremy Molligan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ethan Berman
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gurston G Nyquist
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marc R Rosen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - James E Evans
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stacey K Mardekian
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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22
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Teeman E, Shasha C, Evans JE, Krishnan KM. Intracellular dynamics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging. Nanoscale 2019; 11:7771-7780. [PMID: 30951062 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are a foundational platform for a variety of biomedical applications. Of particular interest is Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), which is a growing area of research and development due to its advantages including high resolution and sensitivity with positive contrast. There has been significant work in the area of in vivo optimization of SPIONs for MPI as well as their biodistribution in and clearance from the body. However, little is known about the dynamics of SPIONs following cellular internalization which may limit their usefulness in a variety of potential imaging and treatment applications. This work shows a clear 20% decrease in magnetic performance of SPIONs, as observed by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS), after internalization and systematic consideration of applicable factors that affect SPION signal generation, including microstructure, environment, and interparticle interactions. There is no observed change to SPION microstructure after internalization, and the surrounding environment plays little to no role in magnetic response for the SPIONs studied here. Interparticle interactions described by dipole-dipole coupling of SPIONs held close to one another after internalization are shown to be the dominant cause of decreased magnetic performance in cells. These conclusions were drawn from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analysis at relevant length scales, experimentally prepared and characterized SPIONs in varied environmental conditions, and theoretical modeling with Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Teeman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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23
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Ojo JO, Algamal M, Leary P, Abdullah L, Mouzon B, Evans JE, Mullan M, Crawford F. Converging and Differential Brain Phospholipid Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:103. [PMID: 30837829 PMCID: PMC6390207 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is a major epigenetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The precise nature of how rmTBI leads to or precipitates AD pathology is currently unknown. Numerous neurological conditions have shown an important role for dysfunctional phospholipid metabolism as a driving factor for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise role in rmTBI and AD remains elusive. We hypothesized that a detailed phospholipid characterization would reveal profiles of response to injury in TBI that overlap with age-dependent changes in AD and thus provide insights into the TBI-AD relationship. We employed a lipidomic approach examining brain phospholipid profiles from mouse models of rmTBI and AD. Cortex and hippocampal tissue were collected at 24 h, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-rmTBI, and at ages representing ‘pre’, ‘peri’ and ‘post’ onset of amyloid pathology (i.e., 3, 9, 15 months-old). Total levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LysoPE, and phosphatidylinositol (PI), including their monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid (FA) containing species were significantly increased at acute and/or chronic time points post-injury in both brain regions. However, levels of most phospholipid species in PS1/APP mice were nominal in the hippocampus, while in the cortex, levels were significantly decreased at ages post-onset of amyloid pathology. Sphingomyelin and LysoPC levels showed coincidental trends in our rmTBI and AD models within the hippocampus, an increase at acute and/or chronic time points examined. The ratio of arachidonic acid (omega-6 FA) to docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3 FA)-containing PE species was increased at early time points in the hippocampus of injured versus sham mice, and in PS1/APP mice there was a coincidental increase compared to wild type littermates at all time points. This study demonstrates some overlapping and diverse phospholipid profiles in rmTBI and AD models. Future studies are required to corroborate our findings in human post-mortem tissue. Investigation of secondary mechanisms triggered by aberrant downstream alterations in bioactive metabolites of these phospholipids, and their modulation at the appropriate time-windows of opportunity could help facilitate development of novel therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the neurodegenerative consequences of rmTBI or the potential triggering of AD pathogenesis by rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Moustafa Algamal
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Paige Leary
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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24
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Bellmore JR, Pess GR, Duda JJ, O'Connor JE, East AE, Foley MM, Wilcox AC, Major JJ, Shafroth PB, Morley SA, Magirl CS, Anderson CW, Evans JE, Torgersen CE, Craig LS. Conceptualizing Ecological Responses to Dam Removal: If You Remove It, What's to Come? Bioscience 2019; 69:26-39. [PMID: 30647476 PMCID: PMC6327834 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the desired outcomes of dam decommissioning and removal is the recovery of aquatic and riparian ecosystems. To investigate this common objective, we synthesized information from empirical studies and ecological theory into conceptual models that depict key physical and biological links driving ecological responses to removing dams. We define models for three distinct spatial domains: upstream of the former reservoir, within the reservoir, and downstream of the removed dam. Emerging from these models are response trajectories that clarify potential pathways of ecological transitions in each domain. We illustrate that the responses are controlled by multiple causal pathways and feedback loops among physical and biological components of the ecosystem, creating recovery trajectories that are dynamic and nonlinear. In most cases, short-term effects are typically followed by longer-term responses that bring ecosystems to new and frequently predictable ecological condition, which may or may not be similar to what existed prior to impoundment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ryan Bellmore
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, in Juneau, Alaska
| | - George R Pess
- NOAA Fisheries' Northwest Fisheries Science Center, in Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey J Duda
- US Geological Survey's Western Fisheries Research Center, also in Seattle
| | - Jim E O'Connor
- US Geological Survey's Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, in Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy E East
- US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, in Santa Cruz, California
| | - Melissa M Foley
- US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, in Santa Cruz, California
| | - Andrew C Wilcox
- University of Montana's Department of Geosciences, in Missoula
| | - Jon J Major
- US Geological Survey's Cascades Volcano Observatory, in Vancouver, Washington
| | - Patrick B Shafroth
- US Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center, in Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sarah A Morley
- NOAA Fisheries' Northwest Fisheries Science Center, in Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher S Magirl
- Studies chief at the US Geological Survey's Arizona Water Science Center, in Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - James E Evans
- Department of Geology at Bowling Green State University, in Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - Christian E Torgersen
- US Geological Survey's Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, at the University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington
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25
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Ojo JO, Algamal M, Leary P, Abdullah L, Mouzon B, Evans JE, Mullan M, Crawford F. Disruption in Brain Phospholipid Content in a Humanized Tau Transgenic Model Following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:893. [PMID: 30564087 PMCID: PMC6288299 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy typified by immunoreactive tau aggregates in the depths of the sulci. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms involved have not been largely explored. Phospholipids are important molecules which form membrane lipid bilayers; they are ubiquitous to every cell in the brain, and carry out a host of different functions. Imbalance in phospholipid metabolism, signaling and transport has been documented in some neurological conditions. However, not much is currently known about their roles in repetitive mTBI and how this may confer risk for the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. To address this question, we designed a longitudinal study (24 h, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-injury) to comprehensively investigate mTBI dependent brain phospholipid profiles compared to sham counterparts. We use our established mouse model of repetitive mTBI that has been extensively characterized up to 1-year post-injury in humanized tau (hTau) mice, which expresses all six human tau isoforms, on a null murine background. Our data indicates a significant increase in sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and derivative lysoPE and lysoPC at acute and/or sub-acute time points post-injury within the cortex and hippocampus. There was also a parallel increase at early time points in monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Omega-6 (arachidonic acid) to omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) fatty acid ratio for PE and PC species was increased also at 24 h and 3 months post-injury in both hippocampus and cortex. The long-term consequences of these early changes in phospholipids on neuronal and non-neuronal cell function is unclear, and warrants further study. Understanding phospholipid metabolism, signaling and transport following TBI could be valuable; they may offer novel targets for therapeutic intervention not only in TBI but other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O. Ojo
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Moustafa Algamal
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Paige Leary
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Evans
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Experimental Neuropathology and Omics Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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26
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Proetto MT, Callmann CE, Cliff J, Szymanski CJ, Hu D, Howell SB, Evans JE, Orr G, Gianneschi NC. Tumor Retention of Enzyme-Responsive Pt(II) Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles Imaged by Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence Microscopy. ACS Cent Sci 2018; 4:1477-1484. [PMID: 30555899 PMCID: PMC6276039 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In nanomedicine, determining the spatial distribution of particles and drugs, together and apart, at high resolution within tissues, remains a major challenge because each must have a different label or detectable feature that can be observed with high sensitivity and resolution. We prepared nanoparticles capable of enzyme-directed assembly of particle therapeutics (EDAPT), containing an analogue of the Pt(II)-containing drug oxaliplatin, an 15N-labeled monomer in the hydrophobic block of the backbone of the polymer, the near-infrared dye Cy5.5, and a peptide that is a substrate for tumor metalloproteinases in the hydrophilic block. When these particles reach an environment rich in tumor associated proteases, the hydrophilic peptide substrate is cleaved, causing the particles to accumulate through a morphology transition, locking them in the tumor extracellular matrix. To evaluate the distribution of drug and EDAPT carrier in vivo, the localization of the isotopically labeled polymer backbone was compared to that of Pt by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). The correlation of NanoSIMS with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy revealed the release of the drug from the nanocarrier and colocalization with cellular DNA within tumor tissue. The results confirmed the dependence of particle accumulation and Pt(II) drug delivery on the presence of a Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) substrate and demonstrated antitumor activity. We conclude that these techniques are powerful for the elucidation of the localization of cargo and carrier, and enable a high-resolution assessment of their performance following in vivo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Proetto
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra E Callmann
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John Cliff
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Craig J Szymanski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Stephen B Howell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Novikova IV, Sharma N, Moser T, Sontag R, Liu Y, Collazo MJ, Cascio D, Shokuhfar T, Hellmann H, Knoblauch M, Evans JE. Protein structural biology using cell-free platform from wheat germ. Adv Struct Chem Imaging 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 30524935 PMCID: PMC6244559 DOI: 10.1186/s40679-018-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest bottlenecks for structural analysis of proteins remains the creation of high-yield and high-purity samples of the target protein. Cell-free protein synthesis technologies are powerful and customizable platforms for obtaining functional proteins of interest in short timeframes, while avoiding potential toxicity issues and permitting high-throughput screening. These methods have benefited many areas of genomic and proteomics research, therapeutics, vaccine development and protein chip constructions. In this work, we demonstrate a versatile and multiscale eukaryotic wheat germ cell-free protein expression pipeline to generate functional proteins of different sizes from multiple host organism and DNA source origins. We also report on a robust purification procedure, which can produce highly pure (> 98%) proteins with no specialized equipment required and minimal time invested. This pipeline successfully produced and analyzed proteins in all three major geometry formats used for structural biology including single particle analysis with electron microscopy, and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional protein crystallography. The flexibility of the wheat germ system in combination with the multiscale pipeline described here provides a new workflow for rapid production and purification of samples that may not be amenable to other recombinant approaches for structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Novikova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Noopur Sharma
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Ryan Sontag
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael J. Collazo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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28
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Moser TH, Shokuhfar T, Evans JE. Considerations for imaging thick, low contrast, and beam sensitive samples with liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Micron 2018; 117:8-15. [PMID: 30419433 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy of whole cells is hindered by the inherently large thickness and low atomic contrast intrinsic of cellular material. Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy allows samples to remain in their native hydrated state and may permit visualizing cellular dynamics in-situ. However, imaging biological cells with this approach remains challenging and identifying an optimal imaging regime using empirical data would help foster new advancements in the field. Recent questions about the role of the electron beam inducing morphological changes or damaging cellular structure and function necessitates further investigation of electron beam-cell interactions, but such comparisons are complicated by variability in imaging techniques used across various studies currently present in literature. The necessity for using low electron fluxes while imaging biological samples requires finding an imaging strategy which produces the strongest contrast and signal to noise ratio for the electron flux used. Here, we experimentally measure and evaluate signal to noise ratios and damage mechanisms between liquid and cryogenic samples of intact cells using multiple electron imaging modalities all on the same instrument and with equivalent beam parameters to standardize the comparison. We also discuss considerations for optimal electron microscopy imaging conditions for future studies on whole cells within liquid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA; Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA; University of Illinois Chicago, 1200 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Schreiber DK, Perea DE, Ryan JV, Evans JE, Vienna JD. A method for site-specific and cryogenic specimen fabrication of liquid/solid interfaces for atom probe tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 194:89-99. [PMID: 30092393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A site-specific, cryogenic, focused ion beam (FIB) method is presented for the preparation of atom probe tomography (APT) specimens from a frozen liquid/solid interface. As a practical example, the interface between water and a corroded boroaluminosilicate glass has been characterized by APT for the first time. The water/glass interface is preserved throughout specimen preparation by plunge freezing the corroding glass particles with the corrosion solution into slush nitrogen. Site-specific specimen preparation is enabled through a new approach to extract and mount a small volume of material using a cryogenically cooled FIB stage and micromanipulator. The prepared APT specimens are subsequently transferred from the FIB to APT under cryogenic and high-vacuum conditions using a novel FIB/APT transfer shuttle and home-built environmental transfer hub attached to the APT system. Particular focus is given to the technical methods for specimen fabrication under cryogenic conditions. Persistent challenges are discussed in addition to future opportunities for this new specimen preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Schreiber
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - D E Perea
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - J V Ryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - J E Evans
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - J D Vienna
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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30
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Sikaroudi AE, Welch DA, Woehl TJ, Faller R, Evans JE, Browning ND, Park C. Directional Statistics of Preferential Orientations of Two Shapes in Their Aggregate and Its Application to Nanoparticle Aggregation. Technometrics 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00401706.2017.1366949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taylor J. Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Fundamental Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Chiwoo Park
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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31
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Moser TH, Mehta H, Park C, Kelly RT, Shokuhfar T, Evans JE. The role of electron irradiation history in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaaq1202. [PMID: 29725619 PMCID: PMC5930397 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) allows dynamic nanoscale characterization of systems in a hydrated state. Although powerful, this technique remains impaired by issues of repeatability that limit experimental fidelity and hinder the identification and control of some variables underlying observed dynamics. We detail new LC-TEM devices that improve experimental reproducibility by expanding available imaging area and providing a platform for investigating electron flux history on the sample. Irradiation history is an important factor influencing LC-TEM results that has, to this point, been largely qualitatively and not quantitatively described. We use these devices to highlight the role of cumulative electron flux history on samples from both nanoparticle growth and biological imaging experiments and demonstrate capture of time zero, low-dose images on beam-sensitive samples. In particular, the ability to capture pristine images of biological samples, where the acquired image is the first time that the cell experiences significant electron flux, allowed us to determine that nanoparticle movement compared to the cell membrane was a function of cell damage and therefore an artifact rather than visualizing cell dynamics in action. These results highlight just a subset of the new science that is accessible with LC-TEM through the new multiwindow devices with patterned focusing aides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H. Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Hardeep Mehta
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chiwoo Park
- Florida State University, 600 West College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ryan T. Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- University of Illinois Chicago, 1200 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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32
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Henske JK, Wilken SE, Solomon KV, Smallwood CR, Shutthanandan V, Evans JE, Theodorou MK, O'Malley MA. Metabolic characterization of anaerobic fungi provides a path forward for bioprocessing of crude lignocellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:874-884. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John K. Henske
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - St. Elmo Wilken
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - Kevin V. Solomon
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
- Agriculture and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityW. LafayetteIndiana
| | - Chuck R. Smallwood
- Environmental Molecular Sciences LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington
| | | | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington
| | - Michael K. Theodorou
- Animal ProductionWelfare and Veterinary SciencesHarper Adams UniversityNewportShropshireUK
| | - Michelle A. O'Malley
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
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33
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Casadei CM, Tsai CJ, Barty A, Hunter MS, Zatsepin NA, Padeste C, Capitani G, Benner WH, Boutet S, Hau-Riege SP, Kupitz C, Messerschmidt M, Ogren JI, Pardini T, Rothschild KJ, Sala L, Segelke B, Williams GJ, Evans JE, Li XD, Coleman M, Pedrini B, Frank M. Resolution extension by image summing in serial femtosecond crystallography of two-dimensional membrane-protein crystals. IUCrJ 2018; 5:103-117. [PMID: 29354276 PMCID: PMC5755582 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517017043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous proof-of-concept measurements on single-layer two-dimensional membrane-protein crystals performed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) have demonstrated that the collection of meaningful diffraction patterns, which is not possible at synchrotrons because of radiation-damage issues, is feasible. Here, the results obtained from the analysis of a thousand single-shot, room-temperature X-ray FEL diffraction images from two-dimensional crystals of a bacteriorhodopsin mutant are reported in detail. The high redundancy in the measurements boosts the intensity signal-to-noise ratio, so that the values of the diffracted intensities can be reliably determined down to the detector-edge resolution of 4 Å. The results show that two-dimensional serial crystallography at X-ray FELs is a suitable method to study membrane proteins to near-atomic length scales at ambient temperature. The method presented here can be extended to pump-probe studies of optically triggered structural changes on submillisecond timescales in two-dimensional crystals, which allow functionally relevant large-scale motions that may be quenched in three-dimensional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching-Ju Tsai
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Nadia A. Zatsepin
- Arizona State University, 300 East University Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | | | - W. Henry Benner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Stefan P. Hau-Riege
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Christopher Kupitz
- Arizona State University, 300 East University Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- National Science Foundation BioXFEL Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - John I. Ogren
- Physics Departement, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tom Pardini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Rothschild
- Physics Departement, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leonardo Sala
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Brent Segelke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Garth J. Williams
- Linac Coherent Light Source, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Bill Pedrini
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Matthias Frank
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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Yu X, Yu J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Evans JE, Yu XY, Wang XL, Zhu Z. An investigation of the beam damage effect on in situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:2035-2042. [PMID: 28884926 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE During in situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis, the primary ion beam is normally scanned on a very small area to collect signals with high ion doses (1014 to 1016 ions/cm2 ). As a result, beam damage may become a concern when compared with the static limit of SIMS analysis, in which the dose is normally less than 1012 ions/cm2 . Therefore, a comparison of ion yields in in situ liquid SIMS analysis versus traditional static SIMS analysis of corresponding dry samples is of great interest. METHODS In this study, a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposome solution was used as a model system. Both liquid sample and dry sample were examined. Secondary ion yields using three primary ion species (Bi+ , Bi3+ and Bi3++ ) with various beam currents were investigated. RESULTS Usable ion yields for both positive and negative characteristic signals (including molecular ions and characteristic fragment ions) were achievable based on optimized experimental conditions for in situ liquid SIMS analysis. The ion yield of the key DPPC molecular ion was comparable to that of traditional static SIMS, and unexpected low fragmentation was observed. The flexible structure of the liquid plays an important role for these observations. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, beam damage may not be a concern in in situ liquid SIMS analysis if proper experimental conditions are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jiachao Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yufan Zhou
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jungang Wang
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - James E Evans
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xue-Lin Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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Abdullah L, Evans JE, Emmerich T, Crynen G, Shackleton B, Keegan AP, Luis C, Tai L, LaDu MJ, Mullan M, Crawford F, Bachmeier C. APOE ε4 specific imbalance of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipids identifies individuals with preclinical Mild Cognitive Impairment/Alzheimer's Disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:964-985. [PMID: 28333036 PMCID: PMC5391242 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on blood phospholipids (PL) in predicting preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipidomic analyses were also performed on blood from an AD mouse model expressing human APOE isoforms (EFAD) and five AD mutations and from 195 cognitively normal participants, 23 of who converted to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/AD within 3 years. APOE ε4-carriers converting to MCI/AD had high arachidonic acid (AA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios in PL compared to cognitively normal ε4 and non-ε4 carriers. Arachidonic acid and DHA containing PL species, ε4-status and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios provided 91% accuracy in detecting MCI/AD. Fish oil/omega-3 fatty acid consumption was associated with lower AA/DHA ratios even among ε4 carriers. High plasma AA/DHA ratios were observed in E4FAD compared to EFAD mice with other isoforms. In particular, alterations in plasma AA and DHA containing PL species were also observed in the brains of E4FAD mice compared to E3FAD mice. Despite the small sample size and a short follow-up, these results suggest that blood PL could potentially serve as biomarkers of preclinical MCI/AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tai
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mary J LaDu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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36
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Novikova IV, Smallwood CR, Gong Y, Hu D, Hendricks L, Evans JE, Bhattarai A, Hess WP, El-Khoury PZ. Multimodal hyperspectral optical microscopy. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bowden JA, Heckert A, Ulmer CZ, Jones CM, Koelmel JP, Abdullah L, Ahonen L, Alnouti Y, Armando AM, Asara JM, Bamba T, Barr JR, Bergquist J, Borchers CH, Brandsma J, Breitkopf SB, Cajka T, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Checa A, Cinel MA, Colas RA, Cremers S, Dennis EA, Evans JE, Fauland A, Fiehn O, Gardner MS, Garrett TJ, Gotlinger KH, Han J, Huang Y, Neo AH, Hyötyläinen T, Izumi Y, Jiang H, Jiang H, Jiang J, Kachman M, Kiyonami R, Klavins K, Klose C, Köfeler HC, Kolmert J, Koal T, Koster G, Kuklenyik Z, Kurland IJ, Leadley M, Lin K, Maddipati KR, McDougall D, Meikle PJ, Mellett NA, Monnin C, Moseley MA, Nandakumar R, Oresic M, Patterson R, Peake D, Pierce JS, Post M, Postle AD, Pugh R, Qiu Y, Quehenberger O, Ramrup P, Rees J, Rembiesa B, Reynaud D, Roth MR, Sales S, Schuhmann K, Schwartzman ML, Serhan CN, Shevchenko A, Somerville SE, St John-Williams L, Surma MA, Takeda H, Thakare R, Thompson JW, Torta F, Triebl A, Trötzmüller M, Ubhayasekera SJK, Vuckovic D, Weir JM, Welti R, Wenk MR, Wheelock CE, Yao L, Yuan M, Zhao XH, Zhou S. Harmonizing lipidomics: NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2275-2288. [PMID: 28986437 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m079012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the lipidomics field continues to advance, self-evaluation within the community is critical. Here, we performed an interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma, a commercially available reference material. The interlaboratory study comprised 31 diverse laboratories, with each laboratory using a different lipidomics workflow. A total of 1,527 unique lipids were measured across all laboratories and consensus location estimates and associated uncertainties were determined for 339 of these lipids measured at the sum composition level by five or more participating laboratories. These evaluated lipids detected in SRM 1950 serve as community-wide benchmarks for intra- and interlaboratory quality control and method validation. These analyses were performed using nonstandardized laboratory-independent workflows. The consensus locations were also compared with a previous examination of SRM 1950 by the LIPID MAPS consortium. While the central theme of the interlaboratory study was to provide values to help harmonize lipids, lipid mediators, and precursor measurements across the community, it was also initiated to stimulate a discussion regarding areas in need of improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bowden
- Marine Biochemical Sciences Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC
| | - Alan Heckert
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- Marine Biochemical Sciences Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC
| | - Christina M Jones
- Marine Biochemical Sciences Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Linda Ahonen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - John R Barr
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Proteomics Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joost Brandsma
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne B Breitkopf
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Tomas Cajka
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Singapore Lipidomic Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, Singapore
| | - Antonio Checa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michelle A Cinel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romain A Colas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Serge Cremers
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Alexander Fauland
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA.,Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael S Gardner
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Katherine H Gotlinger
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY
| | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Aveline Huipeng Neo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Singapore Lipidomic Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Houli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Maureen Kachman
- Metabolomics Core, BRCF, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | - Harald C Köfeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Grielof Koster
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Michael Leadley
- Analytical Facility of Bioactive Molecules, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Lin
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Lipidomics Core Facility and Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Danielle McDougall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Cian Monnin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Arthur Moseley
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Matej Oresic
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rainey Patterson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Jason S Pierce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Martin Post
- Analytical Facility of Bioactive Molecules, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Pugh
- Chemical Sciences Division, Environmental Specimen Bank Group, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Parsram Ramrup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jon Rees
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Barbara Rembiesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Denis Reynaud
- Analytical Facility of Bioactive Molecules, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary R Roth
- Division of Biology, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Susanne Sales
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schuhmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Charles N Serhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephen E Somerville
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Lisa St John-Williams
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Hiroaki Takeda
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - J Will Thompson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Singapore Lipidomic Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, Singapore
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn M Weir
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Singapore Lipidomic Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, Singapore
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Libin Yao
- Division of Biology, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Min Yuan
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Xueqing Heather Zhao
- Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Senlin Zhou
- Lipidomics Core Facility and Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Geng T, Smallwood CR, Bredeweg EL, Pomraning KR, Plymale AE, Baker SE, Evans JE, Kelly RT. Multimodal microfluidic platform for controlled culture and analysis of unicellular organisms. Biomicrofluidics 2017; 11:054104. [PMID: 28966700 PMCID: PMC5608609 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern live-cell imaging approaches permit real-time visualization of biological processes, yet limitations exist for unicellular organism isolation, culturing, and long-term imaging that preclude fully understanding how cells sense and respond to environmental perturbations and the link between single-cell variability and whole-population dynamics. Here, we present a microfluidic platform that provides fine control over the local environment with the capacity to replace media components at any experimental time point, and provides both perfused and compartmentalized cultivation conditions depending on the valve configuration. The functionality and flexibility of the platform were validated using both bacteria and yeast having different sizes, motility, and growth media. The demonstrated ability to track the growth and dynamics of both motile and non-motile prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms emphasizes the versatility of the devices, which should enable studies in bioenergy and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Chuck R Smallwood
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Erin L Bredeweg
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Andrew E Plymale
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott E Baker
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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39
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Foley MM, Magilligan FJ, Torgersen CE, Major JJ, Anderson CW, Connolly PJ, Wieferich D, Shafroth PB, Evans JE, Infante D, Craig LS. Landscape context and the biophysical response of rivers to dam removal in the United States. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180107. [PMID: 28692693 PMCID: PMC5503210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dams have been a fundamental part of the U.S. national agenda over the past two hundred years. Recently, however, dam removal has emerged as a strategy for addressing aging, obsolete infrastructure and more than 1,100 dams have been removed since the 1970s. However, only 130 of these removals had any ecological or geomorphic assessments, and fewer than half of those included before- and after-removal (BAR) studies. In addition, this growing, but limited collection of dam-removal studies is limited to distinct landscape settings. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the landscape context of existing and removed dams and assessed the biophysical responses to dam removal for 63 BAR studies. The highest concentration of removed dams was in the Northeast and Upper Midwest, and most have been removed from 3rd and 4th order streams, in low-elevation (< 500 m) and low-slope (< 5%) watersheds that have small to moderate upstream watershed areas (10-1000 km2) with a low risk of habitat degradation. Many of the BAR-studied removals also have these characteristics, suggesting that our understanding of responses to dam removals is based on a limited range of landscape settings, which limits predictive capacity in other environmental settings. Biophysical responses to dam removal varied by landscape cluster, indicating that landscape features are likely to affect biophysical responses to dam removal. However, biophysical data were not equally distributed across variables or clusters, making it difficult to determine which landscape features have the strongest effect on dam-removal response. To address the inconsistencies across dam-removal studies, we provide suggestions for prioritizing and standardizing data collection associated with dam removal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Foley
- Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Magilligan
- Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Christian E. Torgersen
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jon J. Major
- Cascades Volcano Observatory, Volcano Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chauncey W. Anderson
- Oregon Water Science Center, United States Geological Survey Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Connolly
- Columbia River Research Laboratory, Western Fisheries Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Cook, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Wieferich
- Denver Federal Center, United States Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado United States of America
| | - Patrick B. Shafroth
- Fort Collins Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James E. Evans
- Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dana Infante
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Laura S. Craig
- American Rivers, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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40
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Perea DE, Gerstl SSA, Chin J, Hirschi B, Evans JE. An environmental transfer hub for multimodal atom probe tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:12. [PMID: 28529842 PMCID: PMC5413530 DOI: 10.1186/s40679-017-0045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental control during transfer between instruments is required for samples sensitive to air or thermal exposure to prevent morphological or chemical changes prior to analysis. Atom probe tomography is a rapidly expanding technique for three-dimensional structural and chemical analysis, but commercial instruments remain limited to loading specimens under ambient conditions. In this study, we describe a multifunctional environmental transfer hub allowing controlled cryogenic or room-temperature transfer of specimens under atmospheric or vacuum pressure conditions between an atom probe and other instruments or reaction chambers. The utility of the environmental transfer hub is demonstrated through the acquisition of previously unavailable mass spectral analysis of an intact organic molecule made possible via controlled cryogenic transfer into the atom probe using the hub. The ability to prepare and transfer specimens in precise environments promises a means to access new science across many disciplines from untainted samples and allow downstream time-resolved in situ atom probe studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Perea
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Stephan S A Gerstl
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich, 8093 Switzerland
| | - Jackson Chin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Blake Hirschi
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 USA
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41
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Henske JK, Gilmore SP, Knop D, Cunningham FJ, Sexton JA, Smallwood CR, Shutthanandan V, Evans JE, Theodorou MK, O’Malley MA. Transcriptomic characterization of Caecomyces churrovis: a novel, non-rhizoid-forming lignocellulolytic anaerobic fungus. Biotechnol Biofuels 2017; 10:305. [PMID: 29270219 PMCID: PMC5737911 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic gut fungi are the primary colonizers of plant material in the rumen microbiome, but are poorly studied due to a lack of characterized isolates. While most genera of gut fungi form extensive rhizoidal networks, which likely participate in mechanical disruption of plant cell walls, fungi within the Caecomyces genus do not possess these rhizoids. Here, we describe a novel fungal isolate, Caecomyces churrovis, which forms spherical sporangia with a limited rhizoidal network yet secretes a diverse set of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) for plant cell wall hydrolysis. Despite lacking an extensive rhizoidal system, C. churrovis is capable of growth on fibrous substrates like switchgrass, reed canary grass, and corn stover, although faster growth is observed on soluble sugars. Gut fungi have been shown to use enzyme complexes (fungal cellulosomes) in which CAZymes bind to non-catalytic scaffoldins to improve biomass degradation efficiency. However, transcriptomic analysis and enzyme activity assays reveal that C. churrovis relies more on free enzymes compared to other gut fungal isolates. Only 15% of CAZyme transcripts contain non-catalytic dockerin domains in C. churrovis, compared to 30% in rhizoid-forming fungi. Furthermore, C. churrovis is enriched in GH43 enzymes that provide complementary hemicellulose degrading activities, suggesting that a wider variety of these activities are required to degrade plant biomass in the absence of an extensive fungal rhizoid network. Overall, molecular characterization of a non-rhizoid-forming anaerobic fungus fills a gap in understanding the roles of CAZyme abundance and associated degradation mechanisms during lignocellulose breakdown within the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Henske
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Sean P. Gilmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Doriv Knop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Francis J. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Jessica A. Sexton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Chuck R. Smallwood
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | | | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Michael K. Theodorou
- Agriculture Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems (ACSES), Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Michelle A. O’Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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42
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Zhou Y, Yao J, Ding Y, Yu J, Hua X, Evans JE, Yu X, Lao DB, Heldebrant DJ, Nune SK, Cao B, Bowden ME, Yu XY, Wang XL, Zhu Z. Improving the Molecular Ion Signal Intensity for In Situ Liquid SIMS Analysis. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:2006-2013. [PMID: 27600576 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) enabled by system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface (SALVI) has proven to be a promising new tool to provide molecular information at solid-liquid and liquid-vacuum interfaces. However, the initial data showed that useful signals in positive ion spectra are too weak to be meaningful in most cases. In addition, it is difficult to obtain strong negative molecular ion signals when m/z>200. These two drawbacks have been the biggest obstacle towards practical use of this new analytical approach. In this study, we report that strong and reliable positive and negative molecular signals are achievable after optimizing the SIMS experimental conditions. Four model systems, including a 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU)-base switchable ionic liquid, a live Shewanella oneidensis biofilm, a hydrated mammalian epithelia cell, and an electrolyte popularly used in Li ion batteries were studied. A signal enhancement of about two orders of magnitude was obtained in comparison with non-optimized conditions. Therefore, molecular ion signal intensity has become very acceptable for use of in situ liquid SIMS to study solid-liquid and liquid-vacuum interfaces. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhou
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Juan Yao
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yuanzhao Ding
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiachao Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xin Hua
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - James E Evans
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - David B Lao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Satish K Nune
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Bin Cao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mark E Bowden
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - Xue-Lin Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Zihua Zhu
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
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43
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Abdullah L, Evans JE, Joshi U, Crynen G, Reed J, Mouzon B, Baumann S, Montague H, Zakirova Z, Emmerich T, Bachmeier C, Klimas N, Sullivan K, Mullan M, Ait-Ghezala G, Crawford F. Translational potential of long-term decreases in mitochondrial lipids in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Toxicology 2016; 372:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Patterson JP, Parent LR, Cantlon J, Eickhoff H, Bared G, Evans JE, Gianneschi NC. Picoliter Drop-On-Demand Dispensing for Multiplex Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2016; 22:507-14. [PMID: 27135268 PMCID: PMC5235328 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) provides a unique insight into the dynamics of nanomaterials in solution. Controlling the addition of multiple solutions to the liquid cell remains a key hurdle in our ability to increase throughput and to study processes dependent on solution mixing including chemical reactions. Here, we report that a piezo dispensing technique allows for mixing of multiple solutions directly within the viewing area. This technique permits deposition of 50 pL droplets of various aqueous solutions onto the liquid cell window, before assembly of the cell in a fully controlled manner. This proof-of-concept study highlights the great potential of picoliter dispensing in combination with LCTEM for observing nanoparticle mixing in the solution phase and the creation of chemical gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lucas R. Parent
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Guido Bared
- SCIENION AG, Volmerstr. 7a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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45
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Proetto MT, Anderton CR, Hu D, Szymanski CJ, Zhu Z, Patterson JP, Kammeyer JK, Nilewski LG, Rush AM, Bell NC, Evans JE, Orr G, Howell SB, Gianneschi NC. Cellular Delivery of Nanoparticles Revealed with Combined Optical and Isotopic Nanoscopy. ACS Nano 2016; 10:4046-54. [PMID: 27022832 PMCID: PMC8459375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct polymerization of an oxaliplatin analogue was used to reproducibly generate amphiphiles in one pot, which consistently and spontaneously self-assemble into well-defined nanoparticles (NPs). Despite inefficient drug leakage in cell-free assays, the NPs were observed to be as cytotoxic as free oxaliplatin in cell culture experiments. We investigated this phenomenon by super-resolution fluorescence structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). In combination, these techniques revealed NPs are taken up via endocytic pathways before intracellular release of their cytotoxic cargo. As with other drug-carrying nanomaterials, these systems have potential as cellular delivery vehicles. However, high-resolution methods to track nanocarriers and their cargo at the micro- and nanoscale have been underutilized in general, limiting our understanding of their interactions with cells and tissues. We contend this type of combined optical and isotopic imaging strategy represents a powerful and potentially generalizable methodology for cellular tracking of nanocarriers and their cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T. Proetto
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher R. Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Craig J. Szymanski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Joseph P. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacquelin K. Kammeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lizanne G. Nilewski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony M. Rush
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nia C. Bell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Stephen B. Howell
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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46
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Abellan P, Parent LR, Al Hasan N, Park C, Arslan I, Karim AM, Evans JE, Browning ND. Gaining Control over Radiolytic Synthesis of Uniform Sub-3-nanometer Palladium Nanoparticles: Use of Aromatic Liquids in the Electron Microscope. Langmuir 2016; 32:1468-77. [PMID: 26741639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing nanomaterials of uniform shape and size is of critical importance to access and manipulate the novel structure-property relationships arising at the nanoscale, such as catalytic activity. In this work, we synthesize Pd nanoparticles with well-controlled size in the sub-3 nm range using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in combination with an in situ liquid stage. We use an aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene) as a solvent that is very resistant to high-energy electron irradiation, which creates a net reducing environment without the need for additives to scavenge oxidizing radicals. The primary reducing species is molecular hydrogen, which is a widely used reductant in the synthesis of supported metal catalysts. We propose a mechanism of particle formation based on the effect of tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) on size stabilization, relatively low production of radicals, and autocatalytic reduction of Pd(II) compounds. We combine in situ STEM results with insights from in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) from alcohol-based synthesis, having similar reduction potential, in a customized microfluidic device as well as ex situ bulk experiments. This has allowed us to develop a fundamental growth model for the synthesis of size-stabilized Pd nanoparticles and demonstrate the utility of correlating different in situ and ex situ characterization techniques to understand, and ultimately control, metal nanostructure synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Abellan
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus , Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas R Parent
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Chiwoo Park
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | - Ayman M Karim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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47
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Patterson JP, Collins D, Michaud J, Axson JL, Sultana CM, Moser T, Dommer AC, Conner J, Grassian VH, Stokes MD, Deane GB, Evans JE, Burkart MD, Prather KA, Gianneschi N. Sea Spray Aerosol Structure and Composition Using Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Cent Sci 2016; 2:40-47. [PMID: 26878061 PMCID: PMC4731829 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The composition and surface properties of atmospheric aerosol particles largely control their impact on climate by affecting their ability to uptake water, react heterogeneously, and nucleate ice in clouds. However, in the vacuum of a conventional electron microscope, the native surface and internal structure often undergo physicochemical rearrangement resulting in surfaces that are quite different from their atmospheric configurations. Herein, we report the development of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy where laboratory generated sea spray aerosol particles are flash frozen in their native state with iterative and controlled thermal and/or pressure exposures and then probed by electron microscopy. This unique approach allows for the detection of not only mixed salts, but also soft materials including whole hydrated bacteria, diatoms, virus particles, marine vesicles, as well as gel networks within hydrated salt droplets-all of which will have distinct biological, chemical, and physical processes. We anticipate this method will open up a new avenue of analysis for aerosol particles, not only for ocean-derived aerosols, but for those produced from other sources where there is interest in the transfer of organic or biological species from the biosphere to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Douglas
B. Collins
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jennifer
M. Michaud
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jessica L. Axson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Camile M. Sultana
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Trevor Moser
- Environmental
Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Abigail C. Dommer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jack Conner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - M. Dale Stokes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Grant B. Deane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental
Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Michael D. Burkart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan
C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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48
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Welch DA, Woehl TJ, Park C, Faller R, Evans JE, Browning ND. Understanding the Role of Solvation Forces on the Preferential Attachment of Nanoparticles in Liquid. ACS Nano 2016; 10:181-187. [PMID: 26588243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of colloidal nanoparticle synthesis techniques requires an understanding of underlying particle growth mechanisms. Nonclassical growth mechanisms are particularly important as they affect nanoparticle size and shape distributions, which in turn influence functional properties. For example, preferential attachment of nanoparticles is known to lead to the formation of mesocrystals, although the formation mechanism is currently not well-understood. Here we employ in situ liquid cell scanning transmission electron microscopy and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to demonstrate that the experimentally observed preference for end-to-end attachment of silver nanorods is a result of weaker solvation forces occurring at rod ends. SMD reveals that when the side of a nanorod approaches another rod, perturbation in the surface-bound water at the nanorod surface creates significant energy barriers to attachment. Additionally, rod morphology (i.e., facet shape) effects can explain the majority of the side attachment effects that are observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiwoo Park
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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49
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Perez ER, Knapp JA, Horn CK, Stillman SL, Evans JE, Arfsten DP. Comparison of LC-MS-MS and GC-MS Analysis of Benzodiazepine Compounds Included in the Drug Demand Reduction Urinalysis Program. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:201-7. [PMID: 26755538 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkv140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) offers specific advantages over gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) such as the ability to identify and measure a broader range of compounds with minimal sample preparation. Comparative analysis of LC-MS-MS versus GC-MS was performed for urinalysis detection of five benzodiazepine compounds currently part of the Department of Defense (DoD) Drug Demand Reduction Program (DDRP) testing panel; alpha-hydroxyalprazolam, oxazepam, lorazepam, nordiazepam and temazepam. In the analyses of internally prepared control urine samples at concentrations around the DDRP administrative decision point for benzodiazepines (100 ng/mL), both technologies produced comparable results with average accuracies between 99.7 and 107.3% and average coefficients of variation (%CV) <9%. Analysis of service member specimens that screened positive for benzodiazepines using both technologies produced comparable results for all analytes. Different degrees of matrix effect were observed for all analytes in the LC-MS-MS analysis. However, the effects were controlled by using deuterated internal standards (ISTDs). Additionally, there was a 39% increase in nordiazepam mean concentration analyzed by LC-MS-MS due to suppression of the ISTD ion by the flurazepam metabolite 2-hydroxyethylflurazepam. The ease and speed of sample extraction, the broader range of compounds that can be analyzed and shorter run time make the LC-MS-MS technology a suitable and expedient alternative confirmation technology for benzodiazepine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Roman Perez
- Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, H-2033 Adams Avenue, NAS Jacksonville, FL 32212-0113, USA
| | - Joshua A Knapp
- Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, H-2033 Adams Avenue, NAS Jacksonville, FL 32212-0113, USA
| | - Carl K Horn
- Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, H-2033 Adams Avenue, NAS Jacksonville, FL 32212-0113, USA
| | - Stedra L Stillman
- Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, H-2033 Adams Avenue, NAS Jacksonville, FL 32212-0113, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, H-2033 Adams Avenue, NAS Jacksonville, FL 32212-0113, USA
| | - Darryl P Arfsten
- Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, H-2033 Adams Avenue, NAS Jacksonville, FL 32212-0113, USA
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50
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Geng T, Bredeweg EL, Szymanski CJ, Liu B, Baker SE, Orr G, Evans JE, Kelly RT. Compartmentalized microchannel array for high-throughput analysis of single cell polarized growth and dynamics. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16111. [PMID: 26530004 PMCID: PMC4632079 DOI: 10.1038/srep16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrogating polarized growth is technologically challenging due to extensive cellular branching and uncontrollable environmental conditions in conventional assays. Here we present a robust and high-performance microfluidic system that enables observations of polarized growth with enhanced temporal and spatial control over prolonged periods. The system has built-in tunability and versatility to accommodate a variety of scientific applications requiring precisely controlled environments. Using the model filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa, our microfluidic system enabled direct visualization and analysis of cellular heterogeneity in a clonal fungal cell population, nuclear distribution and dynamics at the subhyphal level, and quantitative dynamics of gene expression with single hyphal compartment resolution in response to carbon source starvation and exchange. Although the microfluidic device is demonstrated on filamentous fungi, the technology is immediately extensible to a wide array of other biosystems that exhibit similar polarized cell growth, with applications ranging from bioenergy production to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Erin L Bredeweg
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Craig J Szymanski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Bingwen Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Scott E Baker
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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