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Duan H, Yu Q, Ni Y, Li J, Yu L, Fan L. Interactions between wheat germ polysaccharide and gut microbiota through in vitro batch fecal fermentation and an aging mice model: Targeting enrichment of Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127559. [PMID: 37865367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between wheat germ polysaccharide (WGP) and gut microbiota remains relatively less investigated. Thus, this study explored their interaction via in vitro batch fecal fermentation. WGP elevated dramatically the relative abundances of Bacteroides (especially Ba. xylanisolvens, Ba. uniformis, and Ba. intestinalis), Bifidobacterium (especially Bi. pseudocatenulatum) and Eubacterium, and decreased Alistipes, Klebsiella, Bilophila and Sutterella. Moreover, the metabolomics and Spearman correlation results showed that these alterations in gut microbiota gave rise to over 13-fold augmentation in the quantities of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole-3-lactic acid, as well as 7.17- and 4.23-fold increase in acetylcholine and GABA, respectively, at 24 h of fermentation. Interestingly, PICRUSt analysis showed that WGP markedly reduced aging pathway, and enriched nervous system pathway. Therefore, the D-gal-induced aging mice model was used to further verify these effects. The results demonstrated that WGP had a protective effect on D-gal-induced behavioral deficits, particularly in locomotor activity, and spatial and recognition memory. WGP elevated dramatically the relative abundances of Bacteroides (especially Ba. sartorii and Ba. uniformis), Bifidobacterium (especially Bi. pseudocatenulatum) and Parabacteroides, and decreased Alistipes and Candidatus Arthromitus. These findings highlight the potential utility of WGP as a dietary supplement for retarding the aging process and mitigating age-associated learning and memory decline via the targeted enrichment of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium and the related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Mohammad OS, El Naggar HM, Abdelmaksoud HF, Barakat AM, Abdelhameed RM, Shehata MAS. The effect of Nigella sativa oil- and wheat germ oil-loaded metal organic frameworks on chronic murine toxoplasmosis. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106823. [PMID: 36608751 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic toxoplasmosis is challenging as the available drugs are effective only in the acute stage. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO) loaded on copper-benzene tricarboxylic acid metal organic framework (Cu-BTC MOF) for treating chronic toxoplasmosis in a murine model. Eighty mice were divided into 8 groups (G); uninfected untreated negative control (GI), infected untreated positive control (GII), infected and treated with: Spiramycin (GIII), Spiramycin@Cu-BTC (GIV), Cu-BTC (GV), WGO@Cu-BTC (GVI), NSO@Cu-BTC (GVII) and combined WGO+NSO@Cu-BTC (GVIII). The infected groups were orally inoculated with 10 Toxoplasma gondii Me49 strain cysts/mouse. All drugs were orally administered for 14 consecutive days starting 8 weeks post-infection (wpi). The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by parasitological (survival rate of mice and brain cyst burden) and histopathological (brain, liver, kidney, eye) parameters. At the end of 2-weeks therapy, the highest therapeutic outcome was achieved with GVII and GVIII exhibiting 100% survival, 64.3% and 51.4% reduction of brain cysts, and an apparent amendment of pathological insults. In the next place was GVI with 90% survival, 49.5% reduction of cysts and marked amelioration of pathological lesions. Meanwhile, GIII and GIV showed 80% survival, 42.4% and 41.8% reduction of cysts as well as minimal to moderate alleviation of tissue damage. The lowest effect was obtained with GV resulting in 70% survival and 24.4% reduction of cysts. The current results support the assertion that the new metal-based nanocomposites can be promising remedies of chronic toxoplasmosis particularly if conjugated with natural herbal extracts as NSO and WGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Sobhi Mohammad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbasya, Egypt.
| | - Heba Mohamed El Naggar
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbasya, Egypt
| | | | - Ashraf Mohamed Barakat
- Zoonotic Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda Mohamed Abdelhameed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Abdel Sameaa Shehata
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbasya, Egypt
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NAUREEN ZAKIRA, DHULI KRISTJANA, DONATO KEVIN, AQUILANTI BARBARA, VELLUTI VALERIA, MATERA GIUSEPPINA, IACONELLI AMERIGO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Foods of the Mediterranean diet: tomato, olives, chili pepper, wheat flour and wheat germ. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E4-E11. [PMID: 36479499 PMCID: PMC9710402 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean people, which follows a diet rich in minimally-processed plant-based foods, are believed to live longer and healthier lives than many other populations in the Western world. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects for several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer and diabetes. Although the mechanisms of action of the Mediterranean diet are not completely clear, the synergistic effects of a number of its components and their bioactive phytochemicals exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer effects. The Mediterranean diet includes daily consumption of whole cereals, fruit, vegetables and legumes in moderate proportions, weekly consumption of white meat in low to moderate proportions and occasionally sweets and chocolates in small amounts. Since olive oil is the main lipids source, it has special significance for health. Healthy fruit and vegetables, rich in phytochemicals, are a major proportion of this diet and contribute to the overall nutritional value and bioactivity of its components. Here we review the nutritional and health benefits of wheat germ, tomatoes, olives and chili pepper, items at the base of Mediterranean diet food pyramid that provides beneficial molecules, such as polyphenols, vitamins and flavonoids, and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - KRISTJANA DHULI
- MAGI’s Lab, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Kristjana Dhuli, MAGI’s Lab, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy. E-mail:
| | | | - BARBARA AQUILANTI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - VALERIA VELLUTI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - GIUSEPPINA MATERA
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - AMERIGO IACONELLI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’s Lab, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Abdelmaksoud HF, Osman EEA, Abdel-Hameed SS, Aboushousha T, Naggar HME. In vivo evaluation of anticryptosporidial effects of wheat germ extracts in immunocompromised mice. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:833-844. [PMID: 36091283 PMCID: PMC9458818 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium species is a prime cause of diarrheal disease in individuals with competent immunity. In patients with compromised immunity, infections are more severe particularly in developing countries. Wheat germ oil was described to have antiparasitic effect. This study was done to evaluate the possible role of wheat germ extracts in Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) infected immunocompromised mice. Thirty white albino mice were classified into six groups as follow: four study groups, all immunosuppressed and infected with C. parvum oocysts. These four groups received treatments as follow: Group (I): treated with nitazoxanide. Group (II): treated with wheat germ oil. Group (III): treated with wheat germ extracted by hexane. Group (IV): treated with wheat germ extracted by ethanol. The remaining two groups were immunosuppressed control groups as follow: Group (V): only infected with C. parvum oocysts (Positive control). Group (VI): non-infected (Negative control). Stool samples were collected and examined to detect oocyst and the ileocecal region was subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Wheat germ extracts showed a statistically significant effect against C. parvum specially wheat germ oil with P value: < 0.001, this effect was also confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical examinations. C. parvum has an influence on human health by its effect in diarrheal disease. Wheat germ oil and its extracts has proved to be a reliable herb for C. parvum. treatment confirmed by different methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezzat E. A. Osman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M. El Naggar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Khosroshahi ED, Razavi SH, Kaini H, Aghakhani A. Improvement of stability and antioxidant activity of wheat germ by mixed fermentation versus single fermentation. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:2905-2912. [PMID: 35734138 PMCID: PMC9206948 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat germ is a high-nutrient by-product from the milling industry with very limited optimal consumption due to its short shelf life. The severe activity of endogenous lipase and lipoxygenase is associated with the release of fatty acids which are responsible for the rancidity and shelf-life deficiency. Reducing these enzymes activity is essential for prolonging the wheat germ shelf-life. For this purpose, the mixed and simple fermentation of different wheat germ concentrations (10, 15 and 20% w/v wheat germ in distilled water) with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated to improve the stability of wheat germ by restraining the activity of the enzymes. Fermentation noticeably reduced the activity of the enzymes in all samples (ranges from 50 to 82.15% for lipase and 55.34 to 72 for lipoxygenase in different treatments), but the mixed-fermented wheat germ with the maximum concentration (20%) achieved the highest reduction level in both enzymes inactivation. Fermentation also resulted in an obvious increase in antioxidant activity from 51.18% in raw wheat germ to more than 72.73% in different samples, which mixed fermentation of 20% wheat germ suspension with the value of 89.76 was ranked first.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. D. Khosroshahi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
| | - S. H. Razavi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
| | - H. Kaini
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Lab (BBL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
| | - A. Aghakhani
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
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Meriles SP, Penci MC, Curet S, Boillereaux L, Ribotta PD. Effect of microwave and hot air treatment on enzyme activity, oil fraction quality and antioxidant activity of wheat germ. Food Chem 2022; 386:132760. [PMID: 35339076 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of microwaves (MW) and hot air (HA) treatments on enzyme activities and quality parameters in wheat germ (WG). Both MW and HA were effective at inactivating lipases. MW treatment inactivated lipases more at lower temperatures (60 and 70 °C) than HA (150-200 °C). Peroxide values, acidity, and fatty acid profiles of WG oil remained unaltered after HA and MW treatments. Loss of α-tocopherol contents was observed following HA treatment, but total tocopherol content remained above 77% baselines values in all treated samples. The main antioxidant mechanism of WG extracts was associated with inactivation of radicals, rather than reducing capacity. MW treatment at 60 and 70 °C enhanced radical scavenging activity, while total polyphenol contents and reducing capacities were negatively affected. Therefore, MW treatment is a promising technology to stabilise WG, retaining quality and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cecilia Penci
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC CONICET). Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química Industrial y Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA - FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Pablo Daniel Ribotta
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC CONICET). Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química Industrial y Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA - FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Córdoba, Argentina.
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Valizade Hasanloei MA, Rahimlou M, Shojaa H, Morshedzadeh N, Tavasolian R, Hashemi R. The effect of wheat germ-enriched enteral formula on clinical and anthropometric factors in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:40-46. [PMID: 34857227 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nutritional support is considered as an important therapeutic strategy among critically ill patients. To evaluate the effect of a wheat germ-enriched formula in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 100 patients admitted to the ICU. Patients randomly received a wheat germ-enriched formula or a standard formula from the first day of admission until weaning from the ventilator. Then, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU, hospital admission, body composition and mortality rate were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Based on the results, wheat germ-enriched formula caused a significant reduction in the length of mechanical ventilation (29.80 ± 21.99 days vs. 36.48 ± 8.78 days, P < 0.001), the ICU length of stay (32.92 ± 21.04 days vs. 37.70 ± 8.76, P < 0.001), and the SOFA score (4.60 ± 1.28 vs. 5.68 ± 1.25, P < 0.001) compared to the control group. However, the intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in the basal metabolic rate, mid upper arm circumference, skeletal muscle mass, body cell mass, and GCS score compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the hospital length of stay, ICU mortality, and body fat percentage (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In general, wheat germ enriched formula may exert beneficial effect on clinical and anthropomorphic variables in patients admitted to the ICU. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Urmia University of Medical Sciences under number IR.umsu.rec.1396.88 and registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Website as IRCT20171221037983N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Valizade Hasanloei
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hamed Shojaa
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Nava Morshedzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ronia Tavasolian
- Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Hashemi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
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Mohammadi H, Karimifar M, Heidari Z, Zare M, Amani R. The effects of wheat germ consumption on mental health and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:46-53. [PMID: 33983107 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1708032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Herbals, as bioactive foods, have been one of the most popular alternatives and complementary treatments in preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present trial was to examine the effects of wheat germ consumption on mental health and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among patients with T2DM.Methods: Eighty participants with T2DM were randomly allocated to receive 20 g wheat germ (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) in a randomized double-blind clinical trial for 12 weeks. Depression, anxiety, stress scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to assess the mental health of study participants. Serum BDNF was assessed at the baseline and end of intervention. Anthropometric indices were measured at the baseline, 6 and 12 weeks during the intervention.Results: A total of 75 subjects completed the trial. Compared with the placebo, wheat germ consumption led to a significant reduction in depression (P = .03) and stress (P = .04) scores. Moreover, a significant increase in serum BDNF concentrations was observed in the wheat germ group (P = .004), while there was no significant difference between the groups. Wheat germ intake had no significant effects on anthropometric indices and anxiety scores between the groups.Conclusion: Our findings showed that wheat germ consumption for 12 weeks could significantly reduce the stress and depression scores but had no significant effects on anxiety scale and anthropometric outcomes in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohammadi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Karimifar
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Tolouie H, Mohammadifar MA, Ghomi H, Hashemi M. Argon and nitrogen cold plasma effects on wheat germ lipolytic enzymes: Comparison to thermal treatment. Food Chem 2020; 346:128974. [PMID: 33465571 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of argon and nitrogen cold plasma treatments on the lipolytic enzymes activity in wheat germ were investigated. Using argon as plasma gas, the residual activity of lipase and lipoxygenase decreased to 42.50% and 87.72%, respectively after 30 min. Switching plasma input gas to nitrogen, the residual activities of lipase and lipoxygenase after the same time of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) treatment were 77.50% and 92.52%, respectively. The antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds show no significant difference during ACP duration. However, the remaining activities of lipase and lipoxygenase after 30 min steam autoclaving were 6.25% and 18.60%, respectively. Also, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content reduced by 14.70% and 30.80%, respectively. In brief, the ACP treatment efficiency was function of the input gas and the treatment time. The presented results about the input gas impacts would be useful in industrial development of ACP application for wheat germ stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniye Tolouie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar
- Research Group for Food Production Engineering, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, SøltoftsPlads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Hamid Ghomi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 1983963113 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Tongbram T, Bora J, Senthil A, Kumar S. Formulation, development and evaluation of high fibre-high protein chapati (Indian flat bread) from composite flour using common industrial by-products. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:2739-2749. [PMID: 32549624 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple ground whole-wheat flour with 18.45% damaged starch was partially substituted by double sifted full-fat stabilised rice bran (SRB) and undamaged-stabilised-debitterised-wheat germ (USDWG) flour to produce high TDF (total dietary fibre), high protein flour for chapati. Five formulations, F1-5 with up to 15% SRB and 20% USDWG incorporations on weight basis were used for baking chapatis. The most sensorially and functionally acceptable formulation (F4), had 10% SRB and 15% USDWG, showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in desired parameters viz. TDF increased 16.83 ± 0.06% to 18.59 ± 0.03%, crude protein from 14.43 ± 0.06 to 19.52 ± 0.10% and in vitro starch digestibility decreased 8.30 ± 0.10% to 7.55 ± 0.01% when compared to control chapati. Texture profiling and sensory analysis indicated F4 formulation had overall acceptable qualities than chapati made from control, commercial and target flours. Water was completely replaced by liquid whey during chapati making, which showed promising results; Formulation F5 (15% SRB and 20% USDWG) scored 20.2% TDF and 22.7% protein. The above findings are useful for developing TDF and protein dense, low GI functional food, utilizing common industrial by-products at 20% lesser cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinku Bora
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Amudha Senthil
- Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Sourav Kumar
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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Liaqat H, Jeong E, Kim KJ, Kim JY. Effect of wheat germ on metabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:739-749. [PMID: 32523783 PMCID: PMC7256174 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the association of wheat germ interventions and metabolic markers. An electronic search was performed by mid-May 2019 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Quality was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tools. Thirty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, among which ten were suitable and systematically reviewed based on biomarkers (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and oxidative stress). Three biomarkers in five eligible studies were investigated by meta-analysis. Total cholesterol showed non-significant results (p = 0.98), with standard mean difference (SMD) of − 0.01 (95% confidence interval; − 0.17, 0.16). The SMD was − 0.06 (95% CI − 0.41, 0.29, n = 4) for triglycerides and − 0.09 (95% CI − 0.62, 0.45, n = 2) for glucose. No biomarkers showed heterogeneity (0%). This review revealed non-significant association between wheat germ interventions and metabolic markers. Sensitive analysis with high-quality RCTs may be worth trying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Eunseon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea.,Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
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12
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Nagy SK, Kállai BM, András J, Mészáros T. A novel family of expression vectors with multiple affinity tags for wheat germ cell-free protein expression. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32169064 PMCID: PMC7071761 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-free protein expression has become a widely used alternative of in vivo, cell-based systems in functional and structural studies of proteins. The wheat germ-based method outstands from the commercially available eukaryotic in vitro translation systems by its flexibility, high translation efficiency and success rate of properly folded eukaryotic protein synthesis. The original T7 promoter containing pEU3-NII vector was improved previously by addition of a ligation-independent cloning site, His6- and GST-tags, and a TEV protease cleavage site to facilitate the creation of recombinant plasmids, permit affinity purification, and enable production of purified, tag-free target proteins, respectively. Results Here, we describe a further development of pEU3-NII vector by inserting the rare-cutting, NotI restriction enzyme cleavage site to simplify vector linearization step prior to in vitro transcription. Additionally, His12, FLAG, and Halo affinity tag coding vectors have been created to increase detection sensitivity, specificity of interaction studies, and provide covalently linkable ligands for pull-down assays, respectively. Finally, the presented GST-His6, and GST-biotin double-tagging vectors could broaden the range of possibilities of protein-protein interaction studies. Conclusions The new generation of pEU3-NII vector family allows a more rapid production of translationally active mRNA and wheat germ cell-free expression of target proteins with a wide variety of affinity tags thus enables designing flexible and diverse experimental arrangement for in vitro studies of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Krisztina Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Margit Kállai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Judit András
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary.
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13
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Meriles SP, Steffolani ME, León AE, Penci MC, Ribotta PD. Physico-chemical characterization of protein fraction from stabilized wheat germ. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1327-1335. [PMID: 31695931 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ shows the highest nutritional value of the kernel. It is highly susceptible to rancidity due to high content of unsaturated fat and presence of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes. In order to improve its shelf life, it is necessary to inactivate these enzymes by a thermal process. In this work the functional properties and some characteristics of the protein fraction of treated wheat germ were evaluated. Sequential extraction of proteins showed loss of protein solubility and formation of aggregates after heating. DSC thermograms showed that wheat germ treated for 20 min at 175 °C reached a protein denaturation degree of ~ 77%. The stabilization process of wheat germ affected significantly some functional properties, such as foaming stability and protein solubility at pH 2 and pH 8. Nevertheless, heating did not affect the water holding, oil holding and foaming capacity of protein isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Patricia Meriles
- 1Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Juan Filloy S/N Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Steffolani
- 1Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Juan Filloy S/N Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
- 2Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alberto Edel León
- 1Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Juan Filloy S/N Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
- 2Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Cecilia Penci
- 1Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Juan Filloy S/N Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
- 4Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Daniel Ribotta
- 1Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Juan Filloy S/N Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
- 3Instituto Superior de Investigación, Desarrollo y Servicios en Alimentos, SECYT, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- 4Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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14
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Moreira-Rosário A, Marques C, Pinheiro H, Norberto S, Sintra D, Teixeira JA, Calhau C, Azevedo LF. Daily intake of wheat germ-enriched bread may promote a healthy gut bacterial microbiota: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1951-1961. [PMID: 31325040 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wheat bran fibre has a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal function, but evidence for wheat germ is scarce. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of daily intake of wheat germ on gastrointestinal discomfort and gut microbiota by adding wheat germ to refined (white) wheat bread, the most consumed bread type. We hypothesised that an improvement in the composition of refined bread could beneficially affect intestinal health without compromising consumers' acceptance. METHODS Fifty-five healthy adults were recruited for a randomised, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial comprising two 4-week intervention periods separated by a 5-week washout stage. During the first 4-week period, one group consumed wheat bread enriched with 6 g of wheat germ and the control group consumed non-enriched wheat bread. RESULTS Wheat germ-enriched bread was well-appreciated and the number of participants that demonstrated minimal gastrointestinal improvements after wheat-germ intake was higher than in the control arm. Importantly, intake of wheat germ-enriched bread decreased the perceived gastrointestinal discomfort-related quality of life (subscale worries and concerns) over refined white bread. The improvements in the gastrointestinal function were accompanied by favourable changes in gut microbiota, increasing the number of Bacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. CONCLUSIONS Adding wheat germ to industrially made white bread without altering sensory properties may promote a healthy gut bacterial microbiota and the gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Moreira-Rosário
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.,Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helder Pinheiro
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Sintra
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - José António Teixeira
- Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.,Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, University Unit of Lifestyle Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Azevedo
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Cankurtaran T, Bilgiçli N. Influence of wheat milling by-products on some physical and chemical properties of filled and unfilled fresh pasta. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:2845-54. [PMID: 31205340 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of wheat bran (WB) and wheat germ (WG) (5, 10, 15 and 20%) on physical, chemical and sensory properties of filled (with cheese) and unfilled fresh pasta were investigated. Pasta formulations with increased WB and WG ratio resulted in higher water uptake, volume increase, cooking loss, and lower firmness values. Filling material usage and the addition of WB or WG significantly (p < 0.05) affected the color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the fresh pasta samples. WG supplemented samples had higher protein, fat, Mg, P, Zn content and antioxidant activity, as well as lower cellulose, Ca, Fe, K and phytic acid content than those of containing WB. Filled fresh pasta samples presented superior chemical properties (excluding cellulose and Fe content) compared to unfilled ones. Increasing amount of WB and WG enhanced all the chemical properties of fresh pasta. Sensory analyses results demonstrated a decrease in the overall acceptability of fresh pasta formulations prepared with over 10% of WB and 15% of WG.
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16
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Novikova IV, Sharma N, Moser T, Sontag R, Liu Y, Collazo MJ, Cascio D, Shokuhfar T, Hellmann H, Knoblauch M, Evans JE. Protein structural biology using cell-free platform from wheat germ. Adv Struct Chem Imaging 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 30524935 PMCID: PMC6244559 DOI: 10.1186/s40679-018-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest bottlenecks for structural analysis of proteins remains the creation of high-yield and high-purity samples of the target protein. Cell-free protein synthesis technologies are powerful and customizable platforms for obtaining functional proteins of interest in short timeframes, while avoiding potential toxicity issues and permitting high-throughput screening. These methods have benefited many areas of genomic and proteomics research, therapeutics, vaccine development and protein chip constructions. In this work, we demonstrate a versatile and multiscale eukaryotic wheat germ cell-free protein expression pipeline to generate functional proteins of different sizes from multiple host organism and DNA source origins. We also report on a robust purification procedure, which can produce highly pure (> 98%) proteins with no specialized equipment required and minimal time invested. This pipeline successfully produced and analyzed proteins in all three major geometry formats used for structural biology including single particle analysis with electron microscopy, and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional protein crystallography. The flexibility of the wheat germ system in combination with the multiscale pipeline described here provides a new workflow for rapid production and purification of samples that may not be amenable to other recombinant approaches for structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Novikova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Noopur Sharma
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Ryan Sontag
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael J. Collazo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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17
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Koh EM, Lee EK, Song CH, Song J, Chung HY, Chae CH, Jung KJ. Ferulate, an Active Component of Wheat Germ, Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced PTK/PTP Imbalance and PP2A Inactivation. Toxicol Res 2018; 34:333-341. [PMID: 30370008 PMCID: PMC6195880 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulate is a phenolic compound abundant in wheat germ and bran and has been investigated for its beneficial activities. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of ferulate against the oxidative stress-induced imbalance of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), in connection with our previous finding that oxidative stress-induced imbalance of PTKs and PTPs is linked with proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. To test the effects of ferulate on this process, we utilized two oxidative stress-induced inflammatory models. First, YPEN-1 cells were pretreated with ferulate for 1 hr prior to the administration of 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Second, 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ferulate for 10 days. After ferulate treatment, the activities of PTKs, PTPs, and PP2A were measured because these proteins either directly or indirectly promote NF-κB activation. Our results revealed that in YPEN-1 cells, ferulate effectively suppressed AAPH-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB activity, as well as AAPH-induced PTK activation. Furthermore, ferulate also inhibited AAPH-induced PTP and PP2A inactivation. In the aged kidney model, ferulate suppressed aging-induced activation of PTKs and ameliorated aging-induced inactivation of PTPs and PP2A. Thus, herein we demonstrated that ferulate could modulate PTK/PTP balance against oxidative stress-induced inactivation of PTPs and PP2A, which is closely linked with NF-κB activation. Based on these results, the ability of ferulate to modulate oxidative stress-related inflammatory processes is established, which suggests that this compound could act as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Koh
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chi Hun Song
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeongah Song
- Animal Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Jin Jung
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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18
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Clément H, Prost C, Chiron H, Ducasse MB, Della Valle G, Courcoux P, Onno B. The effect of organic wheat flour by-products on sourdough performances assessed by a multi-criteria approach. Food Res Int 2018; 106:974-981. [PMID: 29580011 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effect of organic (i) flour ash content (1%-1.4%) and (ii) flour by-product addition (bran, shorts and germ) on sourdough performances. After five consecutive back-sloppings, sourdough was used for bread-making and its bread-related properties were assessed. No effect of flour composition factors (i & ii) on sourdough lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were highlighted. Nonetheless, they greatly altered lactic acid and acetic acid sourdough contents from 6.9 to 17.4 g/kg and from 0.9 to 2.2 g/kg, respectively. The flour ash content (i) had a significant and positive effect on sourdough acidity and CO2 production. Bread made with sourdough with a high ash content had a significantly higher acidity and specific volume. These physicochemical differences between breads were perceived by sensory evaluation in a significant way. Sourdough supplemented (ii) with germ had higher lactic acid and carbon dioxide contents than sourdough supplemented with bran and shorts. Hence, flour composition, combining ash content and flour by-products, appears to be an effective factor to obtain a better control of sourdough performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héliciane Clément
- BIOFOURNIL, ZA La Camusière, 49600 Le Puiset Doré, France; Flavor team, Matrix and Food, Process/properties-Structure/sensory, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, Oniris, LUNAM University, Nantes, France; INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères, Interactions & Assemblages (BIA), Nantes, France; Food and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, Oniris, LUNAM University, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Prost
- Flavor team, Matrix and Food, Process/properties-Structure/sensory, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, Oniris, LUNAM University, Nantes, France
| | - Hubert Chiron
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères, Interactions & Assemblages (BIA), Nantes, France
| | | | - Guy Della Valle
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères, Interactions & Assemblages (BIA), Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Courcoux
- USC "Sensometrics and Chemometrics Laboratory", Oniris, LUNAM University, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Bernard Onno
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, Oniris, LUNAM University, Nantes, France.
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19
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Gili RD, Palavecino PM, Cecilia Penci M, Martinez ML, Ribotta PD. Wheat germ stabilization by infrared radiation. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:71-81. [PMID: 28242905 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat germ has an important enzymatic activity, being lipases the enzymes which cause the highest impact in the reduction of shelf life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of infrared radiation on wheat germ stabilization in an attempt to extend the shelf life. The effects of treatment time, gap (sample distance to IR emitters) and infrared radiation intensity on wheat germ were analyzed through response surface methodology. Final moisture content, final temperature, color of germ and germ oil quality parameters: free fatty acid content changes and total tocopherol content were the responses evaluated using a Box-Behnken design. A combination of an infrared radiation intensity of 4800 W/m2, a 3 min treatment and 0.2 m emitter-sample distance were the best processing condition to stabilize the wheat germ without significantly reduction of the tocopherol content. A confirmatory experiment was conducted with these optimal conditions, and the heat-treated and raw germ samples were stored for 90 days at room temperature in three layer packages to protect them against light and oxygen. The oil quality parameters indicated that the raw germ had a shelf-life of about 15 days, with the heat-treated wheat germ maintaining its quality for at least 90 days under these stored conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato D Gili
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo M Palavecino
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Penci
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela L Martinez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Ribotta
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
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20
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Zheng ZY, Guo XN, Zhu KX, Peng W, Zhou HM. Artificial neural network - Genetic algorithm to optimize wheat germ fermentation condition: Application to the production of two anti-tumor benzoquinones. Food Chem 2017; 227:264-270. [PMID: 28274431 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methoxy-ρ-benzoquinone (MBQ) and 2, 6-dimethoxy-ρ-benzoquinone (DMBQ) are two potential anticancer compounds in fermented wheat germ. In present study, modeling and optimization of added macronutrients, microelements, vitamins for producing MBQ and DMBQ was investigated using artificial neural network (ANN) combined with genetic algorithm (GA). A configuration of 16-11-1 ANN model with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm was applied for modeling the complicated nonlinear interactions among 16 nutrients in fermentation process. Under the guidance of optimized scheme, the total contents of MBQ and DMBQ was improved by 117% compared with that in the control group. Further, by evaluating the relative importance of each nutrient in terms of the two benzoquinones' yield, macronutrients and microelements were found to have a greater influence than most of vitamins. It was also observed that a number of interactions between nutrients affected the yield of MBQ and DMBQ remarkably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Na Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke-Xue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Sripalakit P. Production of 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione from rice germ and wheat germ extracts by Mycobacterium sp. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1595-602. [PMID: 27262293 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the biotransformation of phytosterol and phytosterol-containing rice germ and wheat germ ethanolic extracts to produce 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) and 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD) by Mycobacterium sp. DSM 2966 using phytosterol to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 mol/mol) and 2 % (w/v) Tween 80 as solubilizing agents. RESULTS A maximum yield of 180 ± 27 mg AD l(-1) and 31 ± 11.4 mg ADD l(-1) with a total conversion of 65 % (day 12) was obtained using 1 g phytosterol l(-1) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2 : 1 mol/mol) with 2 % (w/v) Tween 80 in the fermentation medium. The most appropriate conditions for rice germ extract and wheat germ extract which gave the maximum conversion of 22 and 43 % (day 14) were obtained by using 2 % (w/v) Tween 80. CONCLUSIONS Phytosterol and wheat germ are effective sources for AD and ADD production while rice germ required further development. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2 :1 mol/mol) and/or 2 % (w/v) Tween 80 in the biotransformation process could improve AD and ADD yields, depending on substrates and biotransformation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurasorn Saraphanchotiwitthaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Pattana Sripalakit
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Aktaş K, Bilgiçli N, Levent H. Influence of wheat germ and β-glucan on some chemical and sensory properties of Turkish noodle. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:6055-60. [PMID: 26345028 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Wheat flour used in Turkish noodle (erişte) production was replaced with wheat germ (0, 10, 20 and 30 %) and β-glucan (0 and 4 %). Noodle samples were analyzed for their moisture, ash, protein, fat, mineral contents, color values and sensory properties. Cooking properties as volume increase (VI), weight increase (WI) and cooking loss (CL) were also determined. Wheat germ increased the ash, protein, fat and mineral contents of the noodles. β-glucan had an improving effect especially on Ca, Fe, Mg and P contents of noodle samples. While wheat germ raised VI values of the noodle, β-glucan had a negative effect on VI. The CL of noodle samples varied between 5.8 % and 7.3 %. Decreasing sensory scores obtained at high level of wheat germ with and without β-glucan. The present results showed that wheat germ and β-glucan have a good potential for increasing nutritional quality of noodle.
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Abstract
Cell-free protein expression plays an important role in biochemical research. However, only recent developments led to new methods to rapidly synthesize preparative amounts of protein that make cell-free protein expression an attractive alternative to cell-based methods. In particular the wheat germ system provides the highest translation efficiency among eukaryotic cell-free protein expression approaches and has a very high success rate for the expression of soluble proteins of good quality. As an open in vitro method, the wheat germ system is a preferable choice for many applications in protein research including options for protein labeling and the expression of difficult-to-express proteins like membrane proteins and multiple protein complexes. Here I describe wheat germ cell-free protein expression systems and give examples how they have been used in genome-wide expression studies, preparation of labeled proteins for structural genomics and protein mass spectroscopy, automated protein synthesis, and screening of enzymatic activities. Future directions for the use of cell-free expression methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Harbers
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., 75-1, Ono-cho, Leading Venture Plaza 201, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0046, Japan.
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Carraher C, Nazmi AR, Newcomb RD, Kralicek A. Recombinant expression, detergent solubilisation and purification of insect odorant receptor subunits. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 90:160-9. [PMID: 23770557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insect odorant receptors (ORs) are seven transmembrane domain proteins that comprise a novel family of ligand-gated non-selective cation channels. The functional channel is made up of an odour activated ligand-binding OR and the OR co-receptor, Orco. However, the structure, stoichiometry and mechanism of activation of the receptor complex are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that baculovirus-mediated Sf9 cell expression and wheat germ cell-free expression, but not Escherichia coli cell-based or cell-free expression, can be used successfully to over-express a selection of insect ORs. From a panel of 19 detergents, 1%w/v Zwittergent 3-16 was able to solubilise five Drosophila melanogaster ORs produced from both eukaryotic expression systems. A large-scale purification protocol was then developed for DmOrco and the ligand-binding receptor, DmOr22a. The proteins were nickel-affinity purified using a deca-histidine tag in a buffer containing 0.2 mM Zwittergent 3-16, followed by size exclusion chromatography. These purified ORs appear to form similarly sized protein-detergent complexes when isolated from both expression systems. Circular dichroism analysis of both purified proteins suggests they are folded correctly. We also provide evidence that when DmOrco is expressed in Sf9 cells it undergoes post translational modification, probably glycosylation. Finally we show that the recombinant ORs can be incorporated into pre-formed liposomes. The ability to recombinantly express and purify insect ORs to homogeneity on a preparative scale, as well as insert them into liposomes, is a major step forward in enabling future structural and functional studies, as well as their use in OR based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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