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Eisenbaum M, Pearson A, Ortiz C, Koprivica M, Cembran A, Mullan M, Crawford F, Ojo J, Bachmeier C. Repetitive head trauma and apoE4 induce chronic cerebrovascular alterations that impair tau elimination from the brain. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114702. [PMID: 38301863 PMCID: PMC10922621 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (r-mTBI) sustained in the military or contact sports have been associated with the accumulation of extracellular tau in the brain, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative tauopathies. The expression of the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) isoform has been associated with higher levels of tau in the brain, and worse clinical outcomes after r-mTBI, though the influence of apoE genotype on extracellular tau dynamics in the brain is poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that extracellular tau can be eliminated across blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is progressively impaired following r-mTBI. The current studies investigated the influence of repetitive mild TBI (r-mTBI) and apoE genotype on the elimination of extracellular solutes from the brain. Following intracortical injection of biotin-labeled tau into humanized apoE-Tr mice, the levels of exogenous tau residing in the brain of apoE4 mice were elevated compared to other isoforms, indicating reduced tau elimination. Additionally, we found exposure to r-mTBI increased tau residence in apoE2 mice, similar to our observations in E2FAD animals. Each of these findings may be the result of diminished tau efflux via LRP1 at the BBB, as LRP1 inhibition significantly reduced tau uptake in endothelial cells and decreased tau transit across an in vitro model of the BBB (basolateral-to-apical). Notably, we showed that injury and apoE status, (particularly apoE4) resulted in chronic alterations in BBB integrity, pericyte coverage, and AQP4 polarization. These aberrations coincided with an atypical reactive astrocytic gene signature indicative of diminished CSF-ISF exchange. Our work found that CSF movement was reduced in the chronic phase following r-mTBI (>18 months post injury) across all apoE genotypes. In summary, we show that apoE genotype strongly influences cerebrovascular homeostasis, which can lead to age-dependent deficiencies in the elimination of toxic proteins from the brain, like tau, particularly in the aftermath of head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA
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Keegan AP, Stough C, Paris D, Luis CA, Abdullah L, Ait-Ghezala G, Chaykin J, Crawford F, Mullan M. Baseline serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor association with future cognition in community-dwelling older adults undergoing annual memory screening. Neurol Res 2024; 46:253-260. [PMID: 38095353 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2294581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been shown that peripheral measures of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), an important neurotrophin instrumental to the biology of learning, may contribute to predicting cognitive decline. However, the two primary forms of BDNF, mature (mBDNF) and pro (proBDNF), and how they contribute to cognition longitudinally has not been well studied. METHODS Eighty-two older adults (average age 72.2 ± 6.4 years) provided blood samples at two time points separated on average by 4.2 years while participating in an annual memory screening that included the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale). Both mBDNF and proBDNF from serum were quantified at each time point. Whole blood samples were genotyped for APOE and BDNF Val66Met. RESULTS Using logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, baseline MoCA score, APOE, and BDNF, higher baseline mBDNF was associated with subjects whose screening score was near maximum or maximum (as defined by MoCA score of 29 or 30) at the second collection visit. APOE was a significant contributing factor; however, BDNF Val66Met was not. Using a similar logistic regression analysis, baseline proBDNF was not found to be associated with future cognition. DISCUSSION This study further supports that mBDNF measured in the serum of older adults may reflect a protective role while proBDNF requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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Eisenbaum M, Pearson A, Ortiz C, Mullan M, Crawford F, Ojo J, Bachmeier C. ApoE4 expression disrupts tau uptake, trafficking, and clearance in astrocytes. Glia 2024; 72:184-205. [PMID: 37668005 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a collection of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of pathogenic aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Despite the prevalence and diversity of tau astrogliopathy in tauopathies, the interactions between astrocytes and tau in the brain, and the influence of neurodegenerative genetic risk factors like the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) isoform, are largely unknown. Here, we leveraged primary and immortalized astrocytes expressing humanized apoE isoforms to characterize the mechanisms by which astrocytes interact with and eliminate extracellular tau, and the influence of apoE genotype on these processes. Our work indicates that astrocytes rapidly internalize, process, and release tau via an exosomal secretory mechanism under physiological conditions. However, we found that apoE4 disrupted these processes in comparison to apoE3, resulting in an astrocytic phenotype prone to intracellular tau accumulation. Furthermore, exposure to repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries exacerbated the apoE4-induced impairments in tau processing and elimination by astrocytes in apoE4 targeted-replacement mice. The diminished ability of apoE4 astrocytes to eliminate extracellular tau can lead to an accumulation of pathogenic tau, which induces mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by our studies. In total, our findings suggest that the apoE4 isoform lowers the threshold of astrocytic resilience to pathogenic tau, rendering them susceptible to bioenergetic deficits in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases such as traumatic brain injury, potentially contributing to neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Florida, USA
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Nkiliza A, Huguenard CJ, Aldrich GJ, Ferguson S, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Evans JE, Dretsch M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Levels of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Oxylipins and Anandamide Are Elevated Among Military APOE ɛ4 Carriers With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:643-654. [PMID: 37786567 PMCID: PMC10541938 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently approved blood biomarkers detect intracranial lesions in adult patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) acutely post-injury. However, blood biomarkers are still needed to help with a differential diagnosis of mild TBI (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at chronic post-injury time points. Owing to the association between phospholipid (PL) dysfunction and chronic consequences of TBI, we hypothesized that examining bioactive PL metabolites (oxylipins and ethanolamides) would help identify long-term lipid changes associated with mTBI and PTSD. Lipid extracts of plasma from active-duty soldiers deployed to the Iraq/Afghanistan wars (control = 52, mTBI = 21, PTSD = 34, and TBI + PTSD = 13) were subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to examine oxylipins and ethanolamides. Linear regression analyses followed by post hoc comparisons were performed to assess the association of these lipids with diagnostic classifications. Significant differences were found in oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid (AA) between controls and mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD groups. Levels of AA-derived oxylipins through the cytochrome P450 pathways and anandamide were significantly elevated among mTBI + PTSD patients who were carriers of the apolipoprotein E E4 allele. These studies demonstrate that AA-derived oxylipins and anandamide may be unique blood biomarkers of PTSD and mTBI + PTSD. Further, these AA metabolites may be indicative of an underlying inflammatory process that warrants further investigation. Future validation studies in larger cohorts are required to determine a potential application of this approach in providing a differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Claire J.C. Huguenard
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott Ferguson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Michael Dretsch
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
- U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Novosel, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Abdullah L, Nkiliza A, Niedospial D, Aldrich G, Bartenfelder G, Keegan A, Hoffmann M, Mullan M, Klimas N, Baraniuk J, Crawford F, Krengel M, Chao L, Sullivan K. Genetic association between the APOE ε4 allele, toxicant exposures and Gulf war illness diagnosis. Environ Health 2023; 22:51. [PMID: 37415220 PMCID: PMC10324249 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to nerve agents, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), pesticides, and oil-well fires during the 1991 Gulf War (GW) are major contributors to the etiology of Gulf War Illness (GWI). Since the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is associated with the risk of cognitive decline with age, particularly in the presence of environmental exposures, and cognitive impairment is one of the most common symptoms experienced by veterans with GWI, we examined whether the ε4 allele was associated with GWI. METHODS Using a case-control design, we obtained data on APOE genotypes, demographics, and self-reported GW exposures and symptoms that were deposited in the Boston Biorepository and Integrative Network (BBRAIN) for veterans diagnosed with GWI (n = 220) and healthy GW control veterans (n = 131). Diagnosis of GWI was performed using the Kansas and/or Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria. RESULTS Age- and sex-adjusted analyses showed a significantly higher odds ratio for meeting the GWI case criteria in the presence of the ε4 allele (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI = 1.07-3.15], p ≤ 0.05) and with two copies of the ε4 allele (OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.23-3.21], p ≤ 0.01). Combined exposure to pesticides and PB pills (OR = 4.10 [2.12-7.91], p ≤ 0.05) as well as chemical alarms and PB pills (OR = 3.30 [1.56-6.97] p ≤ 0.05) during the war were also associated with a higher odds ratio for meeting GWI case criteria. There was also an interaction between the ε4 allele and exposure to oil well fires (OR = 2.46, 95% CI [1.07-5.62], p ≤ 0.05) among those who met the GWI case criteria. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the presence of the ε4 allele was associated with meeting the GWI case criteria. Gulf War veterans who reported exposure to oil well fires and have an ε4 allele were more likely to meet GWI case criteria. Long-term surveillance of veterans with GWI, particularly those with oil well fire exposure, is required to better assess the future risk of cognitive decline among this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - A Nkiliza
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - G Aldrich
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - A Keegan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | - M Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - N Klimas
- Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Miami VA Medical Center GRECC, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Baraniuk
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M Krengel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Chao
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Sullivan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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McCartan R, Gratkowski A, Browning M, Hahn-Townsend C, Ferguson S, Morin A, Bachmeier C, Pearson A, Brown L, Mullan M, Crawford F, Tzekov R, Mouzon B. Human amnionic progenitor cell secretome mitigates the consequence of traumatic optic neuropathy in a mouse model. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:303-318. [PMID: 37359418 PMCID: PMC10285248 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a condition in which acute injury to the optic nerve from direct or indirect trauma results in vision loss. The most common cause of TON is indirect injury to the optic nerve caused by concussive forces that are transmitted to the optic nerve. TON occurs in up to 5% of closed-head trauma patients and there is currently no known effective treatment. One potential treatment option for TON is ST266, a cell-free biological solution containing the secretome of amnion-derived multipotent progenitor (AMP) cells. We investigated the efficacy of intranasal ST266 in a mouse model of TON induced by blunt head trauma. Injured mice treated with a 10-day regimen of ST266 showed an improvement in spatial memory and learning, a significant preservation of retinal ganglion cells, and a decrease in neuropathological markers in the optic nerve, optic tract, and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. ST266 treatment effectively downregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation pathway after blunt trauma. Overall, treatment with ST266 was shown to improve functional and pathological outcomes in a mouse model of TON, warranting future exploration of ST266 as a cell-free therapeutic candidate for testing in all optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn McCartan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Ferguson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | - Alexander Morin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
- Bay Pines Veterans’ Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL 33708, USA
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | - Larry Brown
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Pearson A, Ortiz C, Eisenbaum M, Arrate C, Browning M, Mullan M, Bachmeier C, Crawford F, Ojo JO. Deletion of PTEN in microglia ameliorates chronic neuroinflammation following repetitive mTBI. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103855. [PMID: 37084991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children in developed nations. Following the primary injury, microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, initiate several inflammatory signaling cascades and pathophysiological responses that may persist chronically; chronic neuroinflammation following TBI has been closely linked to the development of neurodegeneration and neurological dysfunction. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that have been shown to regulate several key mechanisms in the inflammatory response to TBI. Increasing evidence has shown that the modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has the potential to influence the cellular response to inflammatory stimuli. However, directly targeting PI3K signaling poses several challenges due to its regulatory role in several cell survival pathways. We have previously identified that the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), the major negative regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling, is dysregulated following exposure to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). Moreover, this dysregulated PI3K/AKT signaling was correlated with chronic microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. Therefore, we interrogated microglial-specific PTEN as a therapeutic target in TBI by generating a microglial-specific, Tamoxifen inducible conditional PTEN knockout model using a CX3CR1 Cre recombinase mouse line PTENfl/fl/CX3CR1+/CreERT2 (mcg-PTENcKO), and exposed them to our 20-hit r-mTBI paradigm. Animals were treated with tamoxifen at 76 days post-last injury, and the effects of microglia PTEN deletion on immune-inflammatory responses were assessed at 90-days post last injury. We observed that the deletion of microglial PTEN ameliorated the proinflammatory response to repetitive brain trauma, not only reducing chronic microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine production but also rescuing TBI-induced reactive astrogliosis, demonstrating that these effects extended beyond microglia alone. Additionally, we observed that the pharmacological inhibition of PTEN with BpV(HOpic) ameliorated the LPS-induced activation of microglial NFκB signaling in vitro. Together, these data provide support for the role of PTEN as a regulator of chronic neuroinflammation following repetitive mild TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pearson
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Camila Ortiz
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Max Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Arrate
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | | | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joseph O Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
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Keegan AP, Stough C, Paris D, Luis CA, Abdullah L, Ait-ghezala G, Crawford F, Mullan M. Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Transl Res 2023; 9:50-58. [PMID: 37032999 PMCID: PMC10075090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bacopa monnieri is an Ayurvedic herb that has been used for multiple conditions, most notably to augment cognition, particularly memory and attention. Multiple mechanisms, including raising brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been proposed and investigated in animal models that require translational studies in humans. Methods Bacopa was administered in an open-labeled study to cognitively healthy controls over a 3-month period. Cognition and mood were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and geriatric depression scale (GDS) at the baseline and 3-month visit. Laboratories were assessed for safety and serum levels of mature (mBDNF) and proBDNF were quantified. In a subset of subjects, intracellular signaling processes were assessed using western blot analysis. Results Bacopa was provided to 35 subjects and was well-tolerated except for 4 (11%) subjects who early terminated due to known, reversible, and gastrointestinal side effects (i.e., nausea, diarrhea). Over the 3 months, the GDS and the total MoCA did not significantly change; however, the delayed-recall subscale significantly improved (baseline: 3.8 ± 1.2, 3-months: 4.3 ± 0.9; P = 0.032). Serum mBDNF and proBDNF levels did not significantly change. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation significantly increased (P = 0.028) and p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation significantly decreased (P = 0.030). Conclusion These results suggest that Bacopa may exert an anti-inflammatory effect through NF-κB and improve intracellular signaling processes associated with synaptogenesis (CREB). The future placebo-controlled studies are recommended. Relevance for Patients B. monnieri will require larger, blinded trials to better understand potential mechanisms, interactions, and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Keegan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
- Corresponding author: Andrew P. Keegan The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, Florida 34243, United States of America. Tel: +1 941-752-2949. Fax: +1 941-752-2948.
| | - Con Stough
- Swinburne Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Paris
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Luis
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
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Mullan M. 80th anniversary of the Society for Dairy Technology. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Evans JE, Hazen SL, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Age and APOE affect L-carnitine system metabolites in the brain in the APOE-TR model. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1059017. [PMID: 36688151 PMCID: PMC9853982 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1059017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With age the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele (involved in lipid homeostasis) is associated with perturbation of bioenergetics pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore hypothesized that in aging mice APOE genotype would affect the L-carnitine system (central to lipid bioenergetics), in the brain and in the periphery. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, levels of L-carnitine and associated metabolites: γ-butyrobetaine (GBB), crotonobetaine, as well as acylcarnitines, were evaluated at 10-, 25-, and 50-weeks, in the brain and the periphery, in a targeted replacement mouse model of human APOE (APOE-TR). Aged APOE-TR mice were also orally administered 125 mg/kg of L-carnitine daily for 7 days followed by evaluation of brain, liver, and plasma L-carnitine system metabolites. Compared to E4-TR, an age-dependent increase among E2- and E3-TR mice was detected for medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines (MCA and LCA, respectively) within the cerebrovasculature and brain parenchyma. While following L-carnitine oral challenge, E4-TR mice had higher increases in the L-carnitine metabolites, GBB and crotonobetaine in the brain and a reduction of plasma to brain total acylcarnitine ratios compared to other genotypes. These studies suggest that with aging, the presence of the E4 allele may contribute to alterations in the L-carnitine bioenergetic system and to the generation of L-carnitine metabolites that could have detrimental effects on the vascular system. Collectively the E4 allele and aging may therefore contribute to AD pathogenesis through aging-related lipid bioenergetics as well as cerebrovascular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. C. Huguenard
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James E. Evans
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Evans JE, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Keegan AP, Luis C, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Yassine HN, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. APOE ε4 and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis associated differences in L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines in blood and brain. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103362. [PMID: 36436355 PMCID: PMC10066735 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined the influence of APOE genotypes on blood and brain markers of the L-carnitine system, necessary for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and their collective influence on the clinical and pathological outcomes of AD. METHODS L-carnitine, its metabolites γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), and its esters (acylcarnitines) were analyzed in blood from predominantly White community/clinic-based individuals (n = 372) and in plasma and brain from the Religious Order Study (ROS) (n = 79) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). FINDINGS Relative to total blood acylcarnitines, levels of short chain acylcarnitines (SCAs) were higher whereas long chain acylcarnitines (LCAs) were lower in AD, which was observed pre-clinically in APOE ε4s. Plasma medium chain acylcarnitines (MCAs) were higher amongst cognitively healthy APOE ε2 carriers relative to other genotypes. Compared to their respective controls, elevated TMAO and lower L-carnitine and GBB were associated with AD clinical diagnosis and these differences were detected preclinically among APOE ε4 carriers. Plasma and brain GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines were also associated with post-mortem brain amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular pathologies. INTERPRETATION Alterations in blood L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines occur early in clinical AD progression and are influenced by APOE genotype. These changes correlate with post-mortem brain AD and cerebrovascular pathologies. Additional studies are required to better understand the role of the FAO disturbances in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J C Huguenard
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Luis
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Nkiliza A, Evans J, Ringland C, Daniel N, Huguenard C, David R, Ojo J, Crawford F, Mullan M, Bachmeier C, Abdullah L. APOE e4 dependent deficits in brain DHA phospholipids and mfsd2a in Alzheimer’s disease patients with severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ferguson S, McCartan R, Browning M, Hahn-Townsend C, Gratkowski A, Morin A, Abdullah L, Ait-Ghezala G, Ojo J, Sullivan K, Mullan M, Crawford F, Mouzon B. Impact of gulf war toxic exposures after mild traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:147. [PMID: 36258255 PMCID: PMC9580120 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and pharmaceutical exposures have been associated with the development of Gulf War Illness (GWI), but how these factors interact with the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an area of study that has received little attention thus far. We studied the effects of pyridostigmine bromide (an anti-nerve agent) and permethrin (a pesticide) exposure in a mouse model of repetitive mild TBI (r-mTBI), with 5 impacts over a 9-day period, followed by Gulf War (GW) toxicant exposure for 10 days beginning 30 days after the last head injury. We then assessed the chronic behavioral and pathological sequelae 5 months after GW agent exposure. We observed that r-mTBI and GWI cumulatively affect the spatial memory of mice in the Barnes maze and result in a shift of search strategies employed by r-mTBI/GW exposed mice. GW exposure also produced anxiety-like behavior in sham animals, but r-mTBI produced disinhibition in both the vehicle and GW treated mice. Pathologically, GW exposure worsened r-mTBI dependent axonal degeneration and neuroinflammation, increased oligodendrocyte cell counts, and increased r-mTBI dependent phosphorylated tau, which was found to colocalize with oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum. These results suggest that GW exposures may worsen TBI-related deficits. Veterans with a history of both GW chemical exposures as well as TBI may be at higher risk for worse symptoms and outcomes. Subsequent exposure to various toxic substances can influence the chronic nature of mTBI and should be considered as an etiological factor influencing mTBI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ferguson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Robyn McCartan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Morin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Joseph Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St. T4W, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Abdullah L, Ferguson S, Niedospial D, Patterson D, Oberlin S, Nkiliza A, Bartenfelder G, Hahn-Townsend C, Parks M, Crawford F, Reich A, Keegan A, Kirkpatrick B, Mullan M. Exposure-response relationship between K. brevis blooms and reporting of upper respiratory and neurotoxin-associated symptoms. Harmful Algae 2022; 117:102286. [PMID: 35944953 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In southwest Florida, Karenia brevis (K. brevis) blooms occur frequently, can be very intense and persist over several years. Individuals living in coastal communities around the Gulf of Mexico are particularly vulnerable to brevetoxins released by K. brevis in seawater and carried inland within marine aerosol. Exposure to K. brevis occurs during residential, recreational, and occupational activities and has been associated with upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms in healthy and medically vulnerable individuals. Additionally, ingestion of brevetoxin-contaminated seafood causes neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), and severe headaches prompting emergency department visits which occur in excess during K. brevis blooms. The current study examined a dose-response relationship between K. brevis in coastal waters and URT and NSP-like symptoms and headaches among southwest Florida residents. Data on past medical history (PMH) and medical symptoms were collected from the participants (n = 258) in five southwest Florida counties between June 2019 to August 2021. A dose-response relationship was observed between K. brevis blooms and reporting of URT and NSP-like symptoms and headaches. Reporting of NSP-like symptoms was higher among participants with a PMH of migraines, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and mild memory loss, while the association of headaches with K. brevis blooms was accentuated among individuals with a PMH of migraines. These results suggest further investigations into the threshold of aerosolized brevetoxin dose required to elicit URT, headaches and/or NSP-like symptoms. These symptoms ultimately cause significant public health safety concerns, primarily among vulnerable populations with preexisting neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.
| | - S Ferguson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | | | - D Patterson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - S Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - A Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | | | | | - M Parks
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - A Reich
- Health2oConsulting, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - A Keegan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - B Kirkpatrick
- Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - M Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
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Morin A, Davis R, Darcey T, Mullan M, Mouzon B, Crawford F. Subacute and chronic proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of a mouse model of traumatic brain injury at two timepoints and comparison with chronic traumatic encephalopathy in human samples. Mol Brain 2022; 15:62. [PMID: 35850691 PMCID: PMC9290256 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) is the most widespread type of brain trauma worldwide. The cumulative injury effect triggers long-lasting pathological and molecular changes that may increase risk of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. R-mTBI is also characterized by changes in the brain proteome, where the majority of molecules altered early post-TBI are different from those altered at more chronic phases. This differentiation may contribute to the heterogeneity of available data on potential therapeutic targets and may present an obstacle in developing effective treatments. Here, we aimed to characterize a proteome profile of r-mTBI in a mouse model at two time points – 3 and 24 weeks post last TBI, as this may be a more relevant therapeutic window for individuals suffering negative consequences of r-mTBI. We identified a great number of proteins and phosphoproteins that remain continuously dysregulated from 3 to 24 weeks. These proteins may serve as effective therapeutic targets for sub-acute and chronic stages of post r-mTBI. We also compared canonical pathway activation associated with either total proteins or phosphoproteins and revealed that they both are upregulated at 24 weeks. However, at 3 weeks post-TBI, only pathways associated with total proteins are upregulated, while pathways driven by phosphoproteins are downregulated. Finally, to assess the translatability of our data, we compared proteomic changes in our mouse model with those reported in autopsied human samples of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) patients compared to controls. We observed 39 common proteins that were upregulated in both species and 24 common pathways associated with these proteins. These findings support the translational relevance of our mouse model of r-mTBI for successful identification and translation of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Morin
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, USA. .,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | | | | | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,The James A Haley Veterans' Administration, Tampa, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,The James A Haley Veterans' Administration, Tampa, USA
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Mullan M. Editor's choice article. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mullan M. World food safety day 7 June 2022. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Mullan M. Understanding and Improving the Functional and Nutritional Properties of milk. Edited by Professor ThomHuppertz and Professor TodorVasiljevic. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK. 2022. 774 pages. £160. ISBN‐13: 9781786768193. Also available as an E‐book. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Keegan AP, Joshi U, Abdullah L, Paris D, Darcey T, Niedospial D, Davis LA, Crawford F, Mullan M. Characterization of immune profile in an aging multiple sclerosis clinic population. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 63:103818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oberlin S, Nkiliza A, Parks M, Evans JE, Klimas N, Keegan AP, Sullivan K, Krengel MH, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Sex-specific differences in plasma lipid profiles are associated with Gulf War Illness. J Transl Med 2022; 20:73. [PMID: 35123492 PMCID: PMC8817550 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 250,000 veterans from the 1990–1991 Gulf War have Gulf War Illness (GWI), a condition with heterogeneous pathobiology that remains difficult to diagnose. As such, availability of blood biomarkers that reflect the underlying biology of GWI would help clinicians provide appropriate care to ill veterans. In this study, we measured blood lipids to examine the influence of sex on the association between blood lipids and GWI diagnosis. Methods Plasma lipid extracts from GWI (n = 100) and control (n = 45) participants were subjected to reversed-phase nano-flow liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Results An influence of sex and GWI case status on plasma neutral lipid and phospholipid species was observed. Among male participants, triglycerides, diglycerides, and phosphatidylcholines were increased while cholesterol esters were decreased in GWI cases compared to controls. In female participants, ceramides were increased in GWI cases compared to controls. Among male participants, unsaturated triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and diglycerides were increased while unsaturated cholesterol esters were lower in GWI cases compared to controls. The ratio of arachidonic acid- to docosahexaenoic acid-containing triglyceride species was increased in female and male GWI cases as compared to their sex-matched controls. Conclusion Differential modulation of neutral lipids and ratios of arachidonic acid to docosahexaenoic acid in male veterans with GWI suggest metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Increases in ceramides among female veterans with GWI also suggest activation of inflammatory pathways. Future research should characterize how these lipids and their associated pathways relate to GWI pathology to identify biomarkers of the disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03272-3.
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Eisenbaum M, Pearson A, Gratkowski A, Mouzon B, Mullan M, Crawford F, Ojo J, Bachmeier C. Influence of traumatic brain injury on extracellular tau elimination at the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:48. [PMID: 34702292 PMCID: PMC8549249 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive head trauma has been associated with the accumulation of tau species in the brain. Our prior work showed brain vascular mural cells contribute to tau processing in the brain, and that these cells progressively degenerate following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). The current studies investigated the role of the cerebrovasculature in the elimination of extracellular tau from the brain, and the influence of r-mTBI on these processes. Following intracranial injection of biotin-labeled tau, the levels of exogenous labeled tau residing in the brain were elevated in a mouse model of r-mTBI at 12 months post-injury compared to r-sham mice, indicating reduced tau elimination from the brain following head trauma. This may be the result of decreased caveolin-1 mediated tau efflux at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), as the caveolin inhibitor, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, significantly reduced tau uptake in isolated cerebrovessels and significantly decreased the basolateral-to-apical transit of tau across an in vitro model of the BBB. Moreover, we found that the upstream regulator of endothelial caveolin-1, Mfsd2a, was elevated in r-mTBI cerebrovessels compared to r-sham, which coincided with a decreased expression of cerebrovascular caveolin-1 in the chronic phase following r-mTBI (> 3 months post-injury). Lastly, angiopoietin-1, a mural cell-derived protein governing endothelial Mfsd2a expression, was secreted from r-mTBI cerebrovessels to a greater extent than r-sham animals. Altogether, in the chronic phase post-injury, release of angiopoietin-1 from degenerating mural cells downregulates caveolin-1 expression in brain endothelia, resulting in decreased tau elimination across the BBB, which may describe the accumulation of tau species in the brain following head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - Andrew Pearson
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Arissa Gratkowski
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA
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Nkiliza A, Parks M, Cseresznye A, Oberlin S, Evans JE, Darcey T, Aenlle K, Niedospial D, Mullan M, Crawford F, Klimas N, Abdullah L. Sex-specific plasma lipid profiles of ME/CFS patients and their association with pain, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms. J Transl Med 2021; 19:370. [PMID: 34454515 PMCID: PMC8401202 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex illness which disproportionally affects females. This illness is associated with immune and metabolic perturbations that may be influenced by lipid metabolism. We therefore hypothesized that plasma lipids from ME/CFS patients will provide a unique biomarker signature of disturbances in immune, inflammation and metabolic processes associated with ME/CFS. Methods Lipidomic analyses were performed on plasma from a cohort of 50 ME/CFS patients and 50 controls (50% males and similar age and ethnicity per group). Analyses were conducted with nano-flow liquid chromatography (nLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems coupled with a high mass accuracy ORBITRAP mass spectrometer, allowing detection of plasma lipid concentration ranges over three orders of magnitude. We examined plasma phospholipids (PL), neutral lipids (NL) and bioactive lipids in ME/CFS patients and controls and examined the influence of sex on the relationship between lipids and ME/CFS diagnosis. Results Among females, levels of total phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), omega-6 arachidonic acid-containing PE, and total hexosylceramides (HexCer) were significantly decreased in ME/CFS compared to controls. In males, levels of total HexCer, monounsaturated PE, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and saturated triglycerides (TG) were increased in ME/CFS patients compared to controls. Additionally, omega-6 linoleic acid-derived oxylipins were significantly increased in male ME/CFS patients versus male controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three major components containing mostly PC and a few PE, PI and SM species—all of which were negatively associated with headache and fatigue severity, irrespective of sex. Correlations of oxylipins, ethanolamides and ME/CFS symptom severity showed that lower concentrations of these lipids corresponded with an increase in the severity of headaches, fatigue and cognitive difficulties and that this association was influenced by sex. Conclusion The observed sex-specific pattern of dysregulated PL, NL, HexCer and oxylipins in ME/CFS patients suggests a possible role of these lipids in promoting immune dysfunction and inflammation which may be among the underlying factors driving the clinical presentation of fatigue, chronic pain, and cognitive difficulties in ill patients. Further evaluation of lipid metabolism pathways is warranted to better understand ME/CFS pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03035-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Megan Parks
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Aenlle
- Institute for NeuroImmune Medicine, VAMC, GRECC, Nova Southeastern University, Miami, USA
| | - Daniel Niedospial
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Institute for NeuroImmune Medicine, VAMC, GRECC, Nova Southeastern University, Miami, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Tampa, FL, USA
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Ojo JO, Reed JM, Crynen G, Vallabhaneni P, Evans J, Shackleton B, Eisenbaum M, Ringland C, Edsell A, Mullan M, Crawford F, Bachmeier C. APOE genotype dependent molecular abnormalities in the cerebrovasculature of Alzheimer's disease and age-matched non-demented brains. Mol Brain 2021; 14:110. [PMID: 34238312 PMCID: PMC8268468 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the greatest risk factors for AD is the apolipoprotein E4 (E4) allele. The APOE4 genotype has been shown to negatively impact vascular amyloid clearance, however, its direct influence on the molecular integrity of the cerebrovasculature compared to other APOE variants (APOE2 and APOE3) has been largely unexplored. To address this, we employed a 10-plex tandem isobaric mass tag approach in combination with an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography MS/MS (Q-Exactive) method, to interrogate unbiased proteomic changes in cerebrovessels from AD and healthy control brains with different APOE genotypes. We first interrogated changes between healthy control cases to identify underlying genotype specific effects in cerebrovessels. EIF2 signaling, regulation of eIF4 and 70S6K signaling and mTOR signaling were the top significantly altered pathways in E4/E4 compared to E3/E3 cases. Oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction were the top significant pathways in E2E2 vs E3/E3cases. We also identified AD-dependent changes and their interactions with APOE genotype and found the highest number of significant proteins from this interaction was observed in the E3/E4 (192) and E4/E4 (189) cases. As above, EIF2, mTOR signaling and eIF4 and 70S6K signaling were the top three significantly altered pathways in E4 allele carriers (i.e. E3/E4 and E4/E4 genotypes). Of all the cerebrovascular cell-type specific markers identified in our proteomic analyses, endothelial cell, astrocyte, and smooth muscle cell specific protein markers were significantly altered in E3/E4 cases, while endothelial cells and astrocyte specific protein markers were altered in E4/E4 cases. These proteomic changes provide novel insights into the longstanding link between APOE4 and cerebrovascular dysfunction, implicating a role for impaired autophagy, ER stress, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. These APOE4 dependent changes we identified could provide novel cerebrovascular targets for developing disease modifying strategies to mitigate the effects of APOE4 genotype on AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Ojo
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA. .,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - Jon M Reed
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | | | - James Evans
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Benjamin Shackleton
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Maximillian Eisenbaum
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Charis Ringland
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Anastasia Edsell
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA
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Ringland C, Schweig JE, Eisenbaum M, Paris D, Ait-Ghezala G, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L, Bachmeier C. MMP9 modulation improves specific neurobehavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 34034683 PMCID: PMC8152085 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), where MMP9 levels are elevated in the brain and cerebrovasculature. Previously our group demonstrated apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) was less efficient in regulating MMP9 activity in the brain than other apoE isoforms, and that MMP9 inhibition facilitated beta-amyloid (Aβ) elimination across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) METHODS: In the current studies, we evaluated the impact of MMP9 modulation on Aβ disposition and neurobehavior in AD using two approaches, (1) pharmacological inhibition of MMP9 with SB-3CT in apoE4 x AD (E4FAD) mice, and (2) gene deletion of MMP9 in AD mice (MMP9KO/5xFAD) RESULTS: Treatment with the MMP9 inhibitor SB-3CT in E4FAD mice led to reduced anxiety compared to placebo using the elevated plus maze. Deletion of the MMP9 gene in 5xFAD mice also reduced anxiety using the open field test, in addition to improving sociability and social recognition memory, particularly in male mice, as assessed through the three-chamber task, indicating certain behavioral alterations in AD may be mediated by MMP9. However, neither pharmacological inhibition of MMP9 or gene deletion of MMP9 affected spatial learning or memory in the AD animals, as determined through the radial arm water maze. Moreover, the effect of MMP9 modulation on AD neurobehavior was not due to changes in Aβ disposition, as both brain and plasma Aβ levels were unchanged in the SB-3CT-treated E4FAD animals and MMP9KO/AD mice compared to their respective controls. CONCLUSIONS In total, while MMP9 inhibition did improve specific neurobehavioral deficits associated with AD, such as anxiety and social recognition memory, modulation of MMP9 did not alter spatial learning and memory or Aβ tissue levels in AD animals. While targeting MMP9 may represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate aspects of neurobehavioral decline in AD, further work is necessary to understand the nature of the relationship between MMP9 activity and neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Ringland
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Maxwell Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Daniel Paris
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA.
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Nkiliza A, Joshi U, Evans JE, Ait-Ghezala G, Parks M, Crawford F, Mullan M, Abdullah L. Adaptive Immune Responses Associated with the Central Nervous System Pathology of Gulf War Illness. Neurosci Insights 2021; 16:26331055211018458. [PMID: 34104887 PMCID: PMC8155779 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness is a multisymptomatic condition which affects 30% of veterans
from the 1991 Gulf War. While there is evidence for a role of peripheral
cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness, a potential
role of the adaptive immune system in the central nervous system pathology of
this condition remains unknown. Furthermore, many of the clinical features of
Gulf War Illness resembles those of autoimmune diseases, but the biological
processes are likely different as the etiology of Gulf War Illness is linked to
hazardous chemical exposures specific to the Gulf War theatre. This review
discusses Gulf War chemical–induced maladaptive immune responses and a potential
role of cellular and humoral immune responses that may be relevant to the
central nervous system symptoms and pathology of Gulf War Illness. The
discussion may stimulate investigations into adaptive immunity for developing
novel therapies for Gulf War Illness.
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Ojo JO, Reed JM, Crynen G, Vallabhaneni P, Evans J, Shackleton B, Eisenbaum M, Ringland C, Edsell A, Mullan M, Crawford F, Bachmeier C. Molecular Pathobiology of the Cerebrovasculature in Aging and in Alzheimers Disease Cases With Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:658605. [PMID: 34079449 PMCID: PMC8166206 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.658605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Molecular damage to cerebrovessels in AD may result in alterations in vascular clearance mechanisms leading to amyloid deposition around blood vessels and diminished neurovascular-coupling. The sequelae of molecular events leading to these early pathogenic changes remains elusive. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive in-depth molecular characterization of the proteomic changes in enriched cerebrovessel fractions isolated from the inferior frontal gyrus of autopsy AD cases with low (85.5 ± 2.9 yrs) vs. high (81 ± 4.4 yrs) CAA score, aged-matched control (87.4 ± 1.5 yrs) and young healthy control (47 ± 3.3 yrs) cases. We employed a 10-plex tandem isobaric mass tag approach in combination with our ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography MS/MS (Q-Exactive) method. Enriched cerebrovascular fractions showed very high expression levels of proteins specific to endothelial cells, mural cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells), and astrocytes. We observed 150 significantly regulated proteins in young vs. aged control cerebrovessels. The top pathways significantly modulated with aging included chemokine, reelin, HIF1α and synaptogenesis signaling pathways. There were 213 proteins significantly regulated in aged-matched control vs. high CAA cerebrovessels. The top three pathways significantly altered from this comparison were oxidative phosphorylation, Sirtuin signaling pathway and TCA cycle II. Comparison between low vs. high CAA cerebrovessels identified 84 significantly regulated proteins. Top three pathways significantly altered between low vs. high CAA cerebrovessels included TCA Cycle II, Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, high CAA cases included more advanced AD pathology thus cerebrovascular effects may be driven by the severity of amyloid and Tangle pathology. These descriptive proteomic changes provide novel insights to explain the age-related and AD-related cerebrovascular changes contributing to AD pathogenesis. Particularly, disturbances in energy bioenergetics and mitochondrial biology rank among the top AD pathways altered in cerebrovessels. Targeting these failed mechanisms in endothelia and mural cells may provide novel disease modifying targets for developing therapeutic strategies against cerebrovascular deterioration and promoting cerebral perfusion in AD. Our future work will focus on interrogating and validating these novel targets and pathways and their functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Jon M Reed
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | | | | | - James Evans
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Benjamin Shackleton
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Maximillian Eisenbaum
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Charis Ringland
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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Menden A, Crynen S, Mathura V, Paris D, Crawford F, Mullan M, Ait-Ghezala G. Novel, natural allosteric inhibitors and enhancers of Candida rugosa lipase activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104732. [PMID: 33639364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is an enzyme commonly used in medicinal and biotechnological applications. Allosteric modulators of CRL could aid in modifying lipase-related diseases as well as improving biotechnological processes. Thus, a combinatorial approach of computational in-silico and high-throughput in-vitro screening was used to identify allosteric modulators of CRL. The screening of natural product libraries resulted in 132 compounds of which 53 were tested in-vitro. Subsequently, four inhibitors and three enhancers were identified of which rutin and cynaroside represented the strongest inhibitors of CRL activity (IC50: 227 ± 26 µM and 446 ± 15 µM, respectively) and NP-008496 the strongest enhancer (EC50: 425 ± 18 µM). All three compounds were predicted to bind the same allosteric site suggesting a common mechanism. Therefore, the present study demonstrated a reliable work-flow, identified an allosteric site of CRL and determined inhibitors and enhancers with numerous potential medical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Menden
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Crynen
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
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Algamal M, Pearson AJ, Hahn-Townsend C, Burca I, Mullan M, Crawford F, Ojo JO. Repeated unpredictable stress and social isolation induce chronic HPA axis dysfunction and persistent abnormal fear memory. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110035. [PMID: 32682873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lack of progress in the psychopharmacological treatment of stress-related disorders such as PTSD is an ongoing crisis due to its negative socioeconomic implications. Current PTSD pharmacotherapy relies on a few FDA approved medications used primarily for depression which offer only symptomatic relief and show limited efficacy. As the population of PTSD patients is growing, the identification of effective etiology-based treatments for the condition is a high priority. This requires an in-depth understanding of the neurobiological and behavioral outcomes of stress in translationally relevant animal models. In this study, we use neuroendocrine, biochemical and behavioral measures to assess the HPA axis function and fear-memory deficits in a mouse model of chronic stress. The chronic stress procedures involved exposure to 21 days of repeated unpredictable stress (RUS), including predator stress, restraint and foot shock, followed by chronic social isolation. We show that mice exposed to our stress paradigm demonstrate exaggerated fear memory recall and blunted HPA axis functionality at one month after RUS. Our neuroendocrinal testing suggests that the attenuated stress response in our model may be related to an alteration in the adrenal MC2 receptor reactivity. While there was no noticeable change in pituitary negative feedback regulation mechanisms, CRH and phosphorylated Glucocorticoid receptors levels were altered in the hypothalamus. We also show that chronic supplementation with a peripheral glucocorticoid receptor agonist (low-dose dexamethasone) after RUS partially restores a number of stress-related behavioral deficits in the RUS model. This suggests a direct relationship between HPA axis function and behavior in our model. Our findings emphasize the importance of the adrenal receptors as a target for HPA axis dysfunction in stress and fear-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Algamal
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Andrew J Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | | | - Ioana Burca
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Joseph O Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.
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Ojo J, Eisenbaum M, Shackleton B, Lynch C, Joshi U, Saltiel N, Pearson A, Ringland C, Paris D, Mouzon B, Mullan M, Crawford F, Bachmeier C. Mural cell dysfunction leads to altered cerebrovascular tau uptake following repetitive head trauma. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 150:105237. [PMID: 33383188 PMCID: PMC8170787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A pathological characteristic of repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the deposition of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau species in the brain and increased levels of extracellular monomeric tau are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative tauopathies. The pathways by which extracellular tau is eliminated from the brain, however, remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine tau uptake by cerebrovascular cells and the effect of TBI on these processes. We found monomeric tau interacts with brain vascular mural cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells) to a greater extent than other cerebrovascular cells, indicating mural cells may contribute to the elimination of extracellular tau, as previously described for other solutes such as beta-amyloid. Consistent with other neurodegenerative disorders, we observed a progressive decline in cerebrovascular mural cell markers up to 12 months post-injury in a mouse model of repetitive mild TBI (r-mTBI) and human TBI brain specimens, when compared to control. These changes appear to reflect mural cell degeneration and not cellular loss as no difference in the mural cell population was observed between r-mTBI and r-sham animals as determined through flow cytometry. Moreover, freshly isolated r-mTBI cerebrovessels showed reduced tau uptake at 6 and 12 months post-injury compared to r-sham animals, which may be the result of diminished cerebrovascular endocytosis, as caveolin-1 levels were significantly decreased in mouse r-mTBI and human TBI cerebrovessels compared to their respective controls. Further emphasizing the interaction between mural cells and tau, similar reductions in mural cell markers, tau uptake, and caveolin-1 were observed in cerebrovessels from transgenic mural cell-depleted animals. In conclusion, our studies indicate repeated injuries to the brain causes chronic mural cell degeneration, reducing the caveolar-mediated uptake of tau by these cells. Alterations in tau uptake by vascular mural cells may contribute to tau deposition in the brain following head trauma and could represent a novel therapeutic target for TBI or other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Max Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Ben Shackleton
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Cillian Lynch
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Utsav Joshi
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Andrew Pearson
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Charis Ringland
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Daniel Paris
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA.
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Mullan M. The International Journal of Dairy Technology moves Online from February 2021. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pearson A, Ajoy R, Crynen G, Reed JM, Algamal M, Mullan M, Purohit D, Crawford F, Ojo JO. Molecular abnormalities in autopsied brain tissue from the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles of nonagenarians and Alzheimer disease patients. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:317. [PMID: 32854643 PMCID: PMC7450601 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventricular system plays a vital role in blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exchange and interstitial fluid-CSF drainage pathways. CSF is formed in the specialized secretory tissue called the choroid plexus, which consists of epithelial cells, fenestrated capillaries and the highly vascularized stroma. Very little is currently known about the role played by the ventricles and the choroid plexus tissue in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS In this study, we used our state-of-the-art proteomic platform, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach coupled with Tandem Mass Tag isobaric labeling to conduct a detailed unbiased proteomic analyses of autopsied tissue isolated from the walls of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles in AD (77.2 ± 0.6 yrs), age-matched controls (77.0 ± 0.5 yrs), and nonagenarian cases (93.2 ± 1.1 yrs). RESULTS Ingenuity pathway analyses identified phagosome maturation, impaired tight-junction signaling, and glucose/mannose metabolism as top significantly regulated pathways in controls vs nonagenarians. In matched-control vs AD cases we identified alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, remodeling of epithelia adherens junction, macrophage recruitment and phagocytosis, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Nonagenarian vs AD cases demonstrated augmentation of oxidative stress, changes in gluconeogenesis-glycolysis pathways, and cellular effects of choroidal smooth muscle cell vasodilation. Amyloid plaque score uniquely correlated with remodeling of epithelial adherens junctions, Fc γ-receptor mediated phagocytosis, and alterations in RhoA signaling. Braak staging was uniquely correlated with altered iron homeostasis, superoxide radical degradation and phagosome maturation. CONCLUSIONS These changes provide novel insights to explain the compromise to the physiological properties and function of the ventricles/choroid plexus system in nonagenarian aging and AD pathogenesis. The pathways identified could provide new targets for therapeutic strategies to mitigate the divergent path towards AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Rosa Ajoy
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jon M Reed
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Moustafa Algamal
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Dushyant Purohit
- Bronx Veteran Administration Hospital, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Joseph O Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA.
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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Menden A, Hall D, Broedlow CA, Darcey T, Crawford F, Klatt N, Crynen S, Mullan M, Ait-Ghezala G. Candida rugosa lipase alters the gastrointestinal environment in wild-type mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110579. [PMID: 32771891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and commercially available supplements can significantly impact the gut microbial composition; however, the effects of supplements often lack scientific data demonstrating the effects on healthy and diseased individuals. Hence, it was investigated, whether a frequently used supplement in humans, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), gets delivered active beyond the stomach in the intestinal tract of C57BL/6 J mice and its impact on the gut microbial community and environment. We showed for the first time the movement of CRL in an active state through the mouse digestive tract by determination of intestinal CRL activity and free fatty acids concentrations. The short- and long-term administration of CRL resulted in significant alterations of the gut microbiome, favoring the growth of, for instance, Verrucomicrobia but also other species associated with normal body mass index (BMI) or butyrate expression, both considered beneficial. In addition, we showed that these changes persisted after supplementation and that gut barrier integrity was unaffected by the treatment. In conclusion, CRL can be delivered in an active state beyond the stomach and supplementation altered the murine gut microbiome favoring beneficial bacterial species, which may be of relevance in humans in healthy but also potentially in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Menden
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Davane Hall
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Courtney Ann Broedlow
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Stefan Crynen
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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38
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Ringland C, Schweig JE, Paris D, Shackleton B, Lynch CE, Eisenbaum M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L, Bachmeier C. Apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially regulate matrix metallopeptidase 9 function in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:56-68. [PMID: 32758917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been shown to influence amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance from the brain in an isoform-specific manner. Our prior work showed that Aβ transit across the blood-brain-barrier was reduced by apoE4, compared to other apoE isoforms, due to elevated lipoprotein receptor shedding in brain endothelia. Recently, we demonstrated that matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induces lipoprotein receptor proteolysis in an apoE isoform-dependent manner, which impacts Aβ elimination from the brain. The current studies interrogated the relationship between apoE and MMP-9 and found that apoE impacted proMMP-9 cellular secretion from brain endothelia (apoE2 < apoE3 = apoE4). In a cell-free assay, apoE dose-dependently reduced MMP-9 activity, with apoE4 showing a significantly weaker ability to inhibit MMP-9 function than apoE2 or apoE3. Finally, we observed elevated MMP-9 expression and activity in the cerebrovasculature of both human and animal AD brain specimens with an APOE4 genotype. Collectively, these findings suggest a role for apoE in regulating MMP-9 disposition and may describe the effect of apoE4 on Aβ pathology in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Ringland
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxwell Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA
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39
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Joshi U, Evans JE, Pearson A, Saltiel N, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Ojo J, Keegan AP, Oberlin S, Mouzon B, Paris D, Klimas N, Sullivan K, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Targeting sirtuin activity with nicotinamide riboside reduces neuroinflammation in a GWI mouse model. Neurotoxicology 2020; 79:84-94. [PMID: 32343995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War (GW), who suffer from symptoms that reflect ongoing mitochondria dysfunction. Brain mitochondria bioenergetics dysfunction in GWI animal models corresponds with astroglia activation and neuroinflammation. In a pilot study of GW veterans (n = 43), we observed that blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) protein levels were decreased in the blood of veterans with GWI compared to healthy GW veterans. Since nicotinamide riboside (NR)-mediated targeting of Sirt1 is shown to improve mitochondria function, we tested whether NR can restore brain bioenergetics and reduce neuroinflammation in a GWI mouse model. We administered a mouse diet supplemented with NR at 100μg/kg daily for 2-months to GWI and control mice (n = 27). During treatment, mice were assessed for fatigue-type behavior using the Forced Swim Test (FST), followed by euthanasia for biochemistry and immunohistochemistry analyses. Fatigue-type behavior was elevated in GWI mice compared to control mice and lower in GWI mice treated with NR compared to untreated GWI mice. Levels of plasma NAD and brain Sirt1 were low in untreated GWI mice, while GWI mice treated with NR had higher levels, similar to those of control mice. Deacetylation of the nuclear-factor κB (NFκB) p65 subunit and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) was an increase in the brains of NR-treated GWI mice. This corresponded with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation and an increase in markers of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the brains of GWI mice. These findings suggest that targeting NR mediated Sirt1 activation restores brain bioenergetics and reduces inflammation in GWI mice. Further evaluation of NR in GWI is warranted to determine its potential efficacy in treating GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Joshi
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Joseph Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Andrew P Keegan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.
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40
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Schweig JE, Yao H, Jin C, Crawford F, Mullan M, Paris D. Neuronal Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) mediates cytokine release in Transgenic Tau P301S mice organotypic brain slice cultures. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:134992. [PMID: 32334108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) is known for its involvement in B-cell and T-cell signaling, modulating the peripheral immune response. We have previously shown that SYK is overactive in the brains of human Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients, as well as mouse models of AD and tauopathy including Tg Tau P301S mice. More specifically, SYK activation occurs mainly in neurons in human AD brain specimens and mouse models of AD and colocalizes with tau pathogenic species, suggesting it could play a role in AD pathobiology. To assess the possible contribution of SYK to the inflammatory response induced by tau pathology, we analyzed cytokine production in organotypic brain slices cultures from Tg Tau P301S mice and wild-type littermates. Organotypic brains slices from Tau P301S mice produce more cytokines than brain slices from wild-type littermates while SYK inhibition completely antagonizes cytokine production from Tg Tau P301S brain slices. Interestingly, LPS exacerbates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Tg Tau P301S brain sections compared to wild-type organotypic sections while SYK inhibition alleviates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Given that SYK is mainly activated in neurons in Tg Tau P301S mice and not in glial cells, these data suggest that neuronal SYK contributes to the neuroinflammation triggered by the tau pathology. SYK represents an attractive target for regulating the underlying neuroinflammatory component induced by tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elias Schweig
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Hailan Yao
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chao Jin
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Daniel Paris
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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41
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Ojo JO, Crynen G, Algamal M, Vallabhaneni P, Leary P, Mouzon B, Reed JM, Mullan M, Crawford F. Unbiased Proteomic Approach Identifies Pathobiological Profiles in the Brains of Preclinical Models of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Tauopathy, and Amyloidosis. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420914768. [PMID: 32241177 PMCID: PMC7132820 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420914768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
No concerted investigation has been conducted to explore overlapping and distinct
pathobiological mechanisms between repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
(r-mTBI) and tau/amyloid proteinopathies considering the long history of
association between TBI and Alzheimer’s disease. We address this problem by
using unbiased proteomic approaches to generate detailed time-dependent brain
molecular profiles of response to repetitive mTBI in C57BL/6 mice and in mouse
models of amyloidosis (with amyloid precursor protein KM670/671NL (Swedish) and
Presenilin 1 M146L mutations [PSAPP]) and tauopathy (hTau). Brain tissues from
animals were collected at different timepoints after injuries (24 hr–12 months
post-injury) and at different ages for tau or amyloid transgenic models (3, 9,
and 15 months old), encompassing the pre-, peri-, and post-“onset” of cognitive
and pathological phenotypes. We identified 30 hippocampal and 47 cortical
proteins that were significantly modulated over time in the r-mTBI compared with
sham mice. These proteins identified TBI-dependent modulation of
phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT signaling, protein kinase A signaling, and
PPARα/RXRα activation in the hippocampus and protein kinase A signaling,
gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling, and B cell receptor signaling in the
cortex. Previously published neuropathological studies of our mTBI model showed
a lack of amyloid and tau pathology. In PSAPP mice, we identified 19 proteins
significantly changing in the cortex and only 7 proteins in hTau mice versus
wild-type littermates. When we explored the overlap between our r-mTBI model and
the PSAPP/hTau models, a fairly small coincidental change was observed involving
only eight significantly regulated proteins. This work suggests a very distinct
TBI neurodegeneration and also that other factors are needed to drive
pathologies such as amyloidosis and tauopathy postinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Ojo
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Moustafa Algamal
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Prashanti Vallabhaneni
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States
| | - Paige Leary
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Jon M Reed
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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42
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Abdullah L, Crawford F, Tsolaki M, Börjesson-Hanson A, Olde Rikkert M, Pasquier F, Wallin A, Kennelly S, Ait-Ghezala G, Paris D, Hendrix S, Blennow K, Lawlor B, Mullan M. The Influence of Baseline Alzheimer's Disease Severity on Cognitive Decline and CSF Biomarkers in the NILVAD Trial. Front Neurol 2020; 11:149. [PMID: 32210906 PMCID: PMC7067750 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker nilvadipine with anti-inflammatory properties on cognition and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers by baseline Alzheimer's disease (AD) severity. Exploratory analyses were performed on the dataset (n = 497) of a phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial to examine the response to nilvadipine in AD subjects stratified by baseline AD severity into very mild (MMSE ≥ 25), mild (MMSE 20-24) and moderate AD (MMSE < 20). The outcome measures included total and subscale scores of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive 12 (ADAS-Cog 12), the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes (CDR-sb) and the AD composite score (ADCOMS). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, neurofilament light chain (NFL), neurogranin, YKL-40, total tau and P181 tau (ptau) were measured in a subset of samples (n = 55). Regression analyses were adjusted for confounders to specifically examine the influence of nilvadipine and baseline AD severity on cognitive outcomes over 78-weeks. Compared to their respective placebo-controls, nilvadipine-treated, very mild AD subjects showed less decline, whereas moderate AD subjects showed a greater cognitive decline on the ADAS-Cog 12 test and the ADCOMS. A lower decline was observed after nilvadipine treatment for a composite memory trait in very mild AD subjects and a composite language trait in mild AD subjects. Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios were increased in mild AD and decreased in moderate AD patients treated with nilvadipine, compared to their respective controls. Among moderate AD subjects, levels of ptau, total tau, neurogranin and YKL-40 increased in subjects treated with nilvadipine compared to placebo. These studies suggest that baseline AD severity influenced the treatment outcome in the NILVAD trial and that future clinical trials of nilvadipine should be restricted to mild and very mild AD patients. Trial Registration: NCT02017340 Registered 20 December 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02017340 EUDRACT Reference Number 2012-002764-27 Registered 04 February 2013, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2012-002764-27
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,Archer Pharmaceuticals, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anne Börjesson-Hanson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcel Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute of Medical Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Florence Pasquier
- CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence, Lille, France
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sean Kennelly
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Age Related Healthcare, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clincial Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,Archer Pharmaceuticals, Sarasota, FL, United States
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Evans JE, Oberlin S, Langlois H, Ferguson S, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Dretsch M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Plasma Lipidomic Analyses in Cohorts With mTBI and/or PTSD Reveal Lipids Differentially Associated With Diagnosis and APOE ε4 Carrier Status. Front Physiol 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 32082186 PMCID: PMC7005602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) sequelae and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is challenging due to their symptomatic overlap and co-morbidity. As such, there is a need to develop biomarkers which can help with differential diagnosis of these two conditions. Studies from our group and others suggest that blood and brain lipids are chronically altered in both mTBI and PTSD. Therefore, examining blood lipids presents a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach to identify promising biomarkers of these conditions. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) we examined hundreds of lipid species in the blood of healthy active duty soldiers (n = 52) and soldiers with mTBI (n = 21), PTSD (n = 34) as well as co-morbid mTBI and PTSD (n = 13) to test whether lipid levels were differentially altered with each. We also examined if the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele can affect the association between diagnosis and peripheral lipid levels in this cohort. We show that several lipid classes are altered with diagnosis and that there is an interaction between diagnosis and the ε4 carrier status on these lipids. Indeed, total lipid levels as well as both the degree of unsaturation and chain lengths are differentially altered with diagnosis and ε4 status, specifically long chain unsaturated triglycerides (TG) and both saturated and mono-unsaturated diglycerides (DG). Additionally, an examination of lipid species reveals distinct profiles in each diagnostic group stratified by ε4 status, mainly in TG, saturated DG species and polyunsaturated phosphatidylserines. In summary, we show that peripheral lipids are promising biomarker candidates to assist with the differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD. Further, ε4 carrier status alone and in interaction with diagnosis has a strong influence on peripheral lipid levels. Therefore, examining ε4 status along with peripheral lipid levels could help with differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J C Huguenard
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James E Evans
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Heather Langlois
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Scott Ferguson
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, United States.,U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
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44
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Emmerich T, Abdullah L, Ojo J, Mouzon B, Nguyen T, Crynen G, Evans JE, Reed J, Mullan M, Crawford F. Correction to: Mild TBI Results in a Long-Term Decrease in Circulating Phospholipids in a Mouse Model of Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:331. [PMID: 32078110 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Gary S. Laco should not be listed as an author in the author group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Emmerich
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK. .,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Thinh Nguyen
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - James E Evans
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jon Reed
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.,James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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45
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Dyer AH, Murphy C, Lawlor B, Kennelly SP, Lawlor B, Segurado R, Kennelly S, Olde Rikkert MG, Howard R, Pasquier F, Börjesson-Hanson A, Tsolaki M, Lucca U, Molloy DW, Coen R, Riepe MW, Kálmán J, Kenny RA, Cregg F, O'Dwyer S, Walsh C, Adams J, Banzi R, Breuilh L, Daly L, Hendrix S, Aisen P, Gaynor S, Sheikhi A, Taekema DG, Verhey FR, Nemni R, Nobili F, Franceschi M, Frisoni G, Zanetti O, Konsta A, Anastasios O, Nenopoulou S, Tsolaki-Tagaraki F, Pakaski M, Dereeper O, Sayette VDL, Sénéchal O, Lavenu I, Devendeville A, Calais G, Crawford F, Mullan M, Aalten P, Berglund MA, Claassen JA, De Heus RA, De Jong DL, Godefroy O, Hutchinson S, Ioannou A, Jonsson M, Kent A, Kern J, Nemtsas P, Panidou MK, Abdullah L, Paris D, Santoso AM, van Spijker GJ, Spiliotou M, Thomoglou G, Wallin A. Cognitive Outcomes of Long-term Benzodiazepine and Related Drug (BDZR) Use in People Living With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: Results From NILVAD. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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46
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Yao H, Coppola K, Schweig JE, Crawford F, Mullan M, Paris D. Distinct Signaling Pathways Regulate TREM2 Phagocytic and NFκB Antagonistic Activities. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:457. [PMID: 31649511 PMCID: PMC6795686 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genetic variants of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2) have been shown to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) supporting a role of microglia and immune cells in the pathobiology of AD. We have employed an ectopic model of TREM2 and DAP12 expression in HEK293 cells to study selectively TREM2 dependent signaling and phagocytic functions and evaluated the effects of some of the TREM2 mutations associated with AD. We show that shedding of the TREM2 N-terminal domain does not affect the inhibition of NFκB activation induced by TREM2 while it completely blocks phagocytosis suggesting that TREM2 anti-inflammatory properties can be mediated by the TREM2 C-terminal fragment while the phagocytic activity requires the full-length receptor. In addition, we confirm in that model that apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a ligand for TREM2 and triggers TREM2 signaling. In particular, we show that APOE4 stimulates spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) activation more potently than APOE2 in a TREM2 dependent manner. Interestingly, TREM2 appears to antagonize NFκB activation induced by phorbol ester but is unable to prevent TNFα induction of NFκB activation suggesting that TREM2 antagonizes inflammatory events triggered downstream of PKC. TREM2 mutations drastically impact TREM2 phagocytosis as well as its ability to antagonize NFκB activation and notably prevent the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway observed with wild-type TREM2. Overall our data suggest that TREM2 dependent phagocytosis requires an activation of the SYK/PI3K/AKT/PLCγ pathways while the suppression of NFκB activation by TREM2 is independent of SYK, PI3K, and PLCγ activities. This model of ectopic TREM2-DAP12 co-expression appears suitable to study TREM2 signaling as several biological functions of TREM2 and TREM2 mutations that have been previously described in myeloid and microglial cells were also replicated in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Yao
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kyle Coppola
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jonas Elias Schweig
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Paris
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
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47
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Ojo JO, Leary P, Lungmus C, Algamal M, Mouzon B, Bachmeier C, Mullan M, Stewart W, Crawford F. Subchronic Pathobiological Response Following Chronic Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in an Aged Preclinical Model of Amyloid Pathogenesis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:1144-1162. [PMID: 30395237 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD). The precise nature of how r-mTBI leads to, or precipitates, AD pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we explore subchronic effects of chronic r-mTBI (12-impacts) administered over 1-month in aged-PS1/APP mice and littermate controls. We investigate specific mechanisms that may elucidate the molecular link between AD and r-mTBI, focusing primarily on amyloid and tau pathology, amyloid processing, glial activation states, and associated clearance mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate r-mTBI in aged PS1/APP mice does not augment, glial activation, amyloid burden, or tau pathology (with exception of pS202-positive Tau) 1 month after exposure to the last-injury. However, we observed a decrease in brain soluble Aβ42 levels without any appreciable change in peripheral soluble Aβ42 levels. This was accompanied by an increase in brain insoluble to soluble Aβ42 ratio in injured PS1/APP mice compared with sham injury. A parallel reduction in phagocytic receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, was also observed. This study demonstrates very subtle subchronic effects of r-mTBI on a preexisting amyloid pathology background, which may be on a continuum toward a slow and worsening neurodegenerative outcome compared with sham injury, and therefore, have many implications, especially in the elderly population exposed to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Ojo
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida.,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Paige Leary
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Caryln Lungmus
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Moustafa Algamal
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida.,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida.,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida.,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Florida
| | - Michael Mullan
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida.,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - William Stewart
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Experimental Neuropathology and TBI Research Division, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida.,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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48
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Joshi U, Pearson A, Evans JE, Langlois H, Saltiel N, Ojo J, Klimas N, Sullivan K, Keegan AP, Oberlin S, Darcey T, Cseresznye A, Raya B, Paris D, Hammock B, Vasylieva N, Hongsibsong S, Stern LJ, Crawford F, Mullan M, Abdullah L. A permethrin metabolite is associated with adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:545-559. [PMID: 31325531 PMCID: PMC7155744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI), affecting 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War (GW), is a multi-symptom illness with features similar to those of patients with autoimmune diseases. The objective of the current work is to determine if exposure to GW-related pesticides, such as permethrin (PER), activates peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) adaptive immune responses. In the current study, we focused on a PER metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), as this is a common metabolite previously shown to form adducts with endogenous proteins. We observed the presence of 3-PBA and 3-PBA modified lysine of protein peptides in the brain, blood and liver of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and PER (PB+PER) exposed mice at acute and chronic post-exposure timepoints. We tested whether 3-PBA-haptenated albumin (3-PBA-albumin) can activate immune cells since it is known that chemically haptenated proteins can stimulate immune responses. We detected autoantibodies against 3-PBA-albumin in plasma from PB + PER exposed mice and veterans with GWI at chronic post-exposure timepoints. We also observed that in vitro treatment of blood with 3-PBA-albumin resulted in the activation of B- and T-helper lymphocytes and that these immune cells were also increased in blood of PB + PER exposed mice and veterans with GWI. These immune changes corresponded with elevated levels of infiltrating monocytes in the brain and blood of PB + PER exposed mice which coincided with alterations in the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption, brain macrophages and neuroinflammation. These studies suggest that pesticide exposure associated with GWI may have resulted in the activation of the peripheral and CNS adaptive immune responses, possibly contributing to an autoimmune-type phenotype in veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Joshi
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Heather Langlois
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- NOVA Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA,Miami VAMC, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Oberlin
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Balaram Raya
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang, Thailand
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA,Open University, Milton Keynes, UK,James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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49
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Algamal M, Saltiel N, Pearson AJ, Ager B, Burca I, Mouzon B, Diamond DM, Mullan M, Ojo JO, Crawford F. Impact of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Behavioral and Hippocampal Deficits in a Mouse Model of Chronic Stress. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2590-2607. [PMID: 30963958 PMCID: PMC7366273 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies examining the interaction between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stress-related disorders (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) are often complicated by methodological constraints, such as heterogeneity in injury type and severity, time post-trauma, and predisposing risk factors. Developing relevant animal models whereby many variables can be efficiently controlled is thus essential to understanding this elusive relationship. Here, we use our repeated unpredictable stress (RUS) paradigm, in combination with our established mouse model of repetitive mild TBI (r-mTBI), to assess the impact of repeated exposures to these paradigms on behavioral and neurobiological measures. C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to RUS and r-mTBI at 3 and 6 months of age followed by batteries of behavioral testing. Mice were euthanized 10 days and 3 months post-exposure, with brain and plasma samples collected for molecular profiling. The RUS paradigm involved exposure to a predator odor (trimethylthiazoline; TMT) while under restraint, daily unstable social housing, five inescapable footshocks on separate days, and chronic social isolation. Animals receiving r-mTBI ( × 5) and stress were exposed to a single closed-head injury 1 h after each footshock. Stress-alone mice showed significant weight loss, recall of traumatic memories, and anxiety-like and passive stress-coping behavior when compared with control mice. However, in stress+r-mTBI animals, the changes in cued fear memory, anxiety, and stress-coping tests were diminished, possibly due to TBI-induced hyperactivity. We also report complex brain molecular and neuropathological findings. Stress and r-mTBI, either individually or comorbidly, were associated with a chronic reduction in dendritic spine GluN2A/GluN2B ratio in the hippocampus. While stress augmented the r-mTBI-dependent astrogliosis in the corpus callosum, it mitigated r-mTBI-induced increases in hippocampal pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We anticipate that our model will be a good platform to untangle the complex comorbid pathophysiology in stress disorders and r-mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Algamal
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andrew J. Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - David M. Diamond
- Department of Psychology, Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph O. Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida
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50
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Sullivan K, Mullan M. A-73 Does Trauma Type Influence the Symptom Profile in Feigned Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz034.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is vulnerable to feigning. This presents a major challenge for clinicians who must differentiate between genuine and feigned presentations. Past studies have shown that in genuine PTSD the symptom profiles varies as a function of trauma type. It is not yet clear if this variation also occurs for feigned PTSD.
Method
Sixty participants were each randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions. Both conditions provided: i) coaching about PTSD and ii) instructions to feign PTSD as if for financial gain. The trigger event in the conditions was either sexual assault (SA) or a motor vehicle collision (MVC), and it was manipulated in a written vignette. Outcomes were assessed via standardized measures for PTSD symptoms (PCL-5) and profile invalidity (Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomology [SIMS]).
Results
All participants exceeded the PCL-5 and SIMS cut scores, indicating a plausible PTSD symptom profile with over-reported (detectable) symptoms. However, there were no statistically significant group differences on the PCL-5 or SIMS at the overall, subscale, or profile levels (all p’s > 0.05).
Conclusions
Unlike genuine PTSD, in simulated PTSD the symptom profile did not differ by trauma type. The feigned performance was detected on the SIMS which could recommend this test, and this requires further investigation. If understanding of the genuine PTSD profiles for different trauma types is further developed and if our result is replicated, the future use of profile-analyses could assist clinicians when evaluating feigned PTSD.
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