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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Ma G, Nian B, Hu Y. Octadecyl and sulfonyl modification of diatomite synergistically improved the immobilization efficiency of lipase and its application in the synthesis of pine sterol esters. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300615. [PMID: 38472086 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols usually have to be esterified to various phytosterol esters to avoid their disadvantages of unsatisfactory solubility and low bioavailability. The enzymatic synthesis of phytosterol esters in a solvent-free system has advantages in terms of environmental friendliness, sustainability, and selectivity. However, the limitation of the low stability and recyclability of the lipase in the solvent-free system, which often requires a relatively high temperature to induce the viscosity, also increased the industrial production cost. In this context, a low-cost material, namely diatomite, was employed as the support in the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) due to its multiple modification sites. The Fe3 O4 was also then introduced to this system for quick and simple separation via the magnetic field. Moreover, to further enhance the immobilization efficiency of diatomite, a modification strategy which involved the octadecyl and sulfonyl group for regulating the hydrophobicity and interaction between the support and lipase was successfully developed. The optimization of the ratio of the modifiers suggested that the -SO3 H/C18 (1:1.5) performed best with an enzyme loading and enzyme activity of 84.8 mg·g-1 and 54 U·g-1 , respectively. Compared with free CRL, the thermal and storage stability of CRL@OSMD was significantly improved, which lays the foundation for the catalytic synthesis of phytosterol esters in solvent-free systems. Fortunately, a yield of 95.0% was achieved after optimizing the reaction conditions, and a yield of 70.0% can still be maintained after six cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangzheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Chen S, Ma M, Peng J, He X, Wang Q, Chu G. Rapid prediction method of ZIF-8 immobilized Candida rugosa lipase activity by near-infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123072. [PMID: 37390722 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL, EC3.1.1.3) is one of the main enzymes synthesizing esters, and ZIF-8 was chosen as an immobilization carrier for lipase. Enzyme activity testing often requires expensive reagents as substrates, and the experiment processes are time-consuming and inconvenient. As a result, a novel approach based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) was developed for predicting CRL/ZIF-8 enzyme activity. The absorbance of the immobilized enzyme catalytic system was evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy to investigate the amount of CRL/ZIF-8 enzyme activity. The powdered samples' near-infrared spectra were obtained. The sample's enzyme activity data were linked with each sample's original NIR spectra to establish the NIR model. A partial least squares (PLS) model of immobilized enzyme activity was developed by coupling spectral preprocessing with a variable screening technique. The experiments were completed within 48 h to eliminate inaccuracies between the reduction in enzyme activity with increasing laying-aside time throughout the test and the NIRs modeling. The root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), the correlation coefficient of validation set (R) value, and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) value were employed as assessment model indicators. The near-infrared spectrum model was developed by merging the best 2nd derivative spectral preprocessing with the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) variable screening method. This model's root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) was 0.368 U/g, the correlation coefficient of calibration set (R_cv) value was 0.943, the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) set was 0.414 U/g, the correlation coefficient of validation set (R) value was 0.952, and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) was 3.0. The model demonstrates that the fitting relationship between the predicted and the reference enzyme activity value of the NIRs is satisfactory. The findings revealed a strong relationship between NIRs and CRL/ZIF-8 enzyme activity. As a result, the established model could be implemented to quantify the enzyme activity of CRL/ZIF-8 quickly by including more variations of natural samples. The prediction method is simple, rapid, and adaptable to be the theoretical and practical basis for further studying other interdisciplinary research work in enzymology and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Chen
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Mengli Ma
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Xiaogang He
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Ganghui Chu
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China.
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Zhang Y, Ma G, Wang S, Nian B, Hu Y. Study on the synthesis of pine sterol esters in solvent-free systems catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on hydrophobic macroporous resin. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7849-7861. [PMID: 37467367 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine sterol ester is a type of novel food source nutrient with great advantages in lowering blood cholesterol levels, inhibiting tumors, preventing prostate enlargement, and regulating immunity. Macroporous resins with large specific surface area, stable structures, and various functional groups (epoxy, amino, and octadecyl groups) have been selected for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) to improve its stability and efficiency in the synthesis of pine sterol esters. A solvent-free strategy using oleic acid (substrate) as an esterification reaction medium is an important alternative for avoiding the use of organic solvents. RESULTS The immobilization conditions of CRL immobilized on several types of commercial macroporous resins were optimized. Fortunately, by adsorption (hydrophobic interaction), a high immobilization efficiency of CRL was obtained using macroporous resins with hydrophobic octadecyl groups with an immobilization efficiency of 86.5%, enzyme loading of 138.5 mg g-1 and enzyme activity of 34.7 U g-1 . The results showed that a 95.1% yield could be obtained with a molar ratio of oleic acid to pine sterol of 5:1, an enzyme amount of 6.0 U g-1 (relative to pine sterol mass) at 50 °C for 48 h. CONCLUSION The hydrophobic macroporous resin (ECR8806M) with a large specific surface area and abundant functional groups was used to achieve efficient immobilization of CRL. CRL@ECR8806M is an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of phytosterol esters and has the potential for further large-scale applications. Therefore, this simple, green, and low-cost strategy for lipase immobilization provides new possibilities for the high-efficiency production of pine sterol esters and other food source nutrients. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangzheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shushu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Binbin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Ma Y, Li Y. COF-300-AR@CRL as a two-in-one nanocatalyst for one-step chemiluminescent detection of diphenyl ether herbicide residues in vegetable and fruit samples. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:492. [PMID: 38032482 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate chemiluminescence (CL) method was developed for one-step determination of diphenyl ether herbicides at trace level with nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether) as a model analyte. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized on a nanocarrier of amine-linked covalent organic framework (named as COF-300-AR) through a self-assembly strategy. The formed nanocomposite of COF-300-AR@CRL owns dual enzymatic catalytic activities. It can directly catalyze luminol-dissolved oxygen reaction to produce an intense CL emission by virtue of oxidase mimic activity of COF-300-AR but also effectively decompose nitrofen to release phenolic compounds by the immobilized CRL. The released phenolic compounds own strong reducing capacity and in turn decrease the CL signal sharply. Under the optimal conditions, the decreased CL intensity presents a good linear response to nitrofen concentration in the 0.02-50.0 μM range. The limit of detection (LOD, 3sb/S) is 11 nM and the precision is 2.0% for replicate measurements of 50.0 nM nitrofen solution (n = 11). This method has the advantages of rapid analytical efficiency, good selectivity, satisfactory stability, and recyclability. Recovery experiments were conducted on spiked vegetable and fruit samples with the recoveries falling in the range 90.0-107.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Ma
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yinhuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Patil PJ, Kamble SA, Dhanavade MJ, Liang X, Zhang C, Li X. Molecular Modeling Insights into Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as a Potential Matrix for Immobilization of Lipase: An In Silico Study. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1051. [PMID: 37626937 PMCID: PMC10451383 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
CRL is a highly versatile enzyme that finds extensive utility in numerous industries, which is attributed to its selectivity and catalytic efficiency, which have been impeded by the impracticality of its implementation, leading to a loss of native catalytic activity and non-reusability. Enzyme immobilization is a necessary step for enabling its reuse, and it provides methods for regulating the biocatalyst's functional efficacy in a synthetic setting. MOFs represent a novel category of porous materials possessing distinct superlative features that make MOFs an optimal host matrix for developing enzyme-MOF composites. In this study, we employed molecular modeling approaches, for instance, molecular docking and MD simulation, to explore the interactions between CRL and a specific MOF, ZIF-8. The present study involved conducting secondary structural analysis and homology modeling of CRL, followed by docking ZIF-8 with CRL. The results of the molecular docking analysis indicate that ZIF-8 was situated within the active site pocket of CRL, where it formed hydrogen bonds with Val-81, Phe-87, Ser-91, Asp-231, Thr-132, Lue-297, Phe-296, Phe-344, Thr-347, and Ser-450. The MD simulation analysis revealed that the CRL and ZIF-8 docked complex exhibited stability over the entire simulation period, and all interactions presented in the initial docked complex were maintained throughout the simulation. The findings derived from this investigation could promote comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between CRL and ZIF-8 as well as the development of immobilized CRL for diverse industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna J. Patil
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; (P.J.P.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Subodh A. Kamble
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, MH, India;
| | - Maruti J. Dhanavade
- Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya College, Sangli 416416, MH, India;
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; (P.J.P.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; (P.J.P.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Association for Science and Technology-Food Nutrition and Safety Professional Think Tank Base, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; (P.J.P.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Association for Science and Technology-Food Nutrition and Safety Professional Think Tank Base, Beijing 100048, China
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Lee J, Lee H, Lee J, Chang PS. Heterologous expression, purification, and characterization of a recombinant Cordyceps militaris lipase from Candida rugosa-like family in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110254. [PMID: 37201411 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sequence alignments of three lipase isoforms from the filamentous fungus, Cordyceps militaris, have revealed that the deduced protein from their common sequence belongs to the Candida rugosa lipase-like group. To express the protein in its active form, recombinant lipase from C. militaris (rCML) was extra cellularly expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 after removing its signal peptide. Purified rCML was a stable monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 90 kDa, and was highly N-mannosylated compared to the native protein (69 kDa). The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of rCML was greater than the native protein (1244.35 ± 50.88 and 1067.17 ± 29.07 mM-1·min-1, respectively), yet they had similar optimal pH values and temperatures (40 °C and pH 7.0-7.5), and showed preferences for Tween esters and short-chain triacylglycerols. Despite its monomeric conformation, interfacial activation was not observed for rCML, unlike the classical lipases. From the structural model of rCML, the binding pocket of rCML was predicted as a funnel-like structure consisting of a hollow space and an intramolecular tunnel, which is typical of C. rugosa lipase-like lipases. However, a blockage shortened the tunnel to 12-15 Å, which endows strict short-chain selectivity towards triacylglycerols and a perfect match for tricaproin (C6:0). The limited depth of the tunnel may enable accommodation of triacylglycerols with medium-to-long-chain fatty acids, which differentiates rCML from other C. rugosa lipase-like lipases with broad substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haewon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juchan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Tze Lin K, Mahat NA, Azman AR, Wahab RA, Oyewusi HA, Abdul Hamid AA. Interaction of the nanobio-based reagent with sodium fluorescein and lipids via bioinformatics for forensic fingerprint visualisations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15045-15052. [PMID: 36880661 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2186709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Being commonly found at crime scenes, fingerprints are crucial for human identification, attributable to their uniqueness, persistence and systematic classification of ridge patterns. In addition to latent fingerprints being invisible to the naked eye, the escalating trends of disposing forensic evidence bearing such prints in watery bodies would further complicate criminal investigations. Taking into account the toxicity of small particle reagent (SPR) commonly used in visualising latent fingerprints on wet and non-porous objects, a greener alternative using the nanobio-based reagent (NBR) has been suggested. However, NBR only applies to white and/or relatively light-coloured objects. Thus, conjugation of sodium fluorescein dye with NBR (f-NBR) may be beneficial for increasing the contrast of fingerprint on multi-colored objects. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the possibility of such conjugation (i.e., f-NBR) as well as proposing suitable interactions between the f-NBR and lipid constituents of fingerprints (tetra-, hexa- and octadecanoic acids) via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding energies between CRL with its ligands were observed at -8.1, -5.0, -4.9 and -3.6 kcal/mole for sodium fluorescein, tetra-, hexa- and octadecanoic acids, respectively. Besides, the formations of hydrogen bonds observed in all complexes (ranged between 2.6 and 3.4 Å), further supported by the stabilized root mean square deviation (RMSDs) plots in MD simulations. In short, the conjugation of f-NBR was computationally feasible, and thereby merits further investigations in the laboratory.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khor Tze Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Aida Rasyidah Azman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Habeebat Adekilekun Oyewusi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Azzmer Azzar Abdul Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Research Unit for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (RUBIC), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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HENDRA CIPTA O, ALNI A, HERTADI R. Synthesis of pyridinium-based ionic liquids and their application to improve Candida rugosa lipase stability in a methanol-water solvent system. Turk J Chem 2022; 47:307-320. [PMID: 37528930 PMCID: PMC10388036 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper studied the effect of pyridinium-based ionic liquids as cosolvents in a methanol-water solvent system on the hydrolytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase. These ionic liquids were successfully synthesized using imidazolium-based ionic liquid synthesizing methods with a certain adjustment. The hydrolytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase was analyzed using 4-nitrophenol acetate (pNPA) and 4-nitrophenol palmitate (pNPP) as substrates. The addition of ionic liquids had no significant effect on the hydrolytic activity of lipase in a water solvent, and it had a greater effect in methanol. The addition of [C6Py] Br ionic liquid as a methanol cosolvent (methanol: ionic liquid, 10:5) could increase the hydrolytic activity of lipase. The use of ionic liquid as a cosolvent could increase the hydrolytic activity of lipase by about 15.61% while using pNPP as a substrate in the methanol system. A molecular dynamics study for the interaction between lipase and ionic liquids supported the experimental results. The ionic liquid using bromide as an anion provided more stability on lipase conformation. It tends to form the short-range interaction between the lipase and bromide anion.
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Jiaojiao X, Bin Z, Ruoyu Z, Onyinye AI. Lipase nanogel catalyzed synthesis of vitamin E succinate in non-aqueous phase. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3186-3192. [PMID: 33216351 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the stability of vitamin E and broaden its scope of application, an effective solution is to convert vitamin E into its derivatives. This work developed a new Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) nanogel based on modification of ionic liquid with vinyl functional groups. This novel CRL nanogel was used in the preparation process of vitamin E succinate based on the principle of non-aqueous enzymology. At the same time, various factors including enzyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time, that affect the yield of vitamin E succinate were optimized and analyzed. RESULTS Different solvents with various hydrophobicity parameters (LogP values) from -1.3 to 3.5 were studied, it was found that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had the lowest LogP value among organic solvents but vitamin E succinate had the highest yield in DMSO. Furthermore, the effect of different operating conditions, such as molar ratios of substrate, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time was studied. Under the optimal process conditions (enzyme concentration 6 mg mL-1 , substrate molar ratio 4:1, reaction temperature 55 °C and reaction time 15 h), the product yield was 62.58 ± 1.16%. CRL and CRL nanogel were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that CRL nanogel influenced the catalytic behavior of lipase significantly by changing the structure and surface properties of CRL. CONCLUSION Novel lipase nanogel was an excellent biocatalyst for enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiaojiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zou Bin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhou Ruoyu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Adesanya I Onyinye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Menden A, Crynen S, Mathura V, Paris D, Crawford F, Mullan M, Ait-Ghezala G. Novel, natural allosteric inhibitors and enhancers of Candida rugosa lipase activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104732. [PMID: 33639364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is an enzyme commonly used in medicinal and biotechnological applications. Allosteric modulators of CRL could aid in modifying lipase-related diseases as well as improving biotechnological processes. Thus, a combinatorial approach of computational in-silico and high-throughput in-vitro screening was used to identify allosteric modulators of CRL. The screening of natural product libraries resulted in 132 compounds of which 53 were tested in-vitro. Subsequently, four inhibitors and three enhancers were identified of which rutin and cynaroside represented the strongest inhibitors of CRL activity (IC50: 227 ± 26 µM and 446 ± 15 µM, respectively) and NP-008496 the strongest enhancer (EC50: 425 ± 18 µM). All three compounds were predicted to bind the same allosteric site suggesting a common mechanism. Therefore, the present study demonstrated a reliable work-flow, identified an allosteric site of CRL and determined inhibitors and enhancers with numerous potential medical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Menden
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Crynen
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel Paris
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
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Cheng Y, Lai OM, Tan CP, Panpipat W, Cheong LZ, Shen C. Proline-Modified UIO-66 as Nanocarriers to Enhance Candida rugosa Lipase Catalytic Activity and Stability for Electrochemical Detection of Nitrofen. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:4146-4155. [PMID: 33440928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization can be used to improve the stability of lipases and enhances lipase recovery and reusability, which increases its commercial value and industrial applications. Nevertheless, immobilization frequently causes conformational changes of the lipases, which decrease lipase catalytic activity. in the present work, we synthesized UIO-66 and grafted UIO-66 crystals with proline for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). As indicated by steady-state fluorescence microscopy, grafting of proline onto UIO-66 crystals induced beneficial conformational change in CRL. CRL immobilized on UIO-66/Pro (CRL@UIO-66/Pro) demonstrated higher enzyme activity and better recyclability than that immobilized on UIO-66 (CRL@UIO-66) in both hydrolysis (CRL@UIO-66/Pro: 0.34 U; CRL@UIO-66: 0.15 U) and transesterification (CRL@UIO-66/Pro: 0.93 U; CRL@UIO-66: 0.25 U) reactions. The higher values of kcat and kcat/Km of CRL@UIO-66/Pro also showed that it had better catalytic efficiency as compared to CRL@UIO-66. It is also worth noting that CRL@UIO-66/Pro (0.93 U) demonstrated a much higher transesterification activity as compared to free CRL (0.11 U), indicating that UIO-66/Pro has increased the solvent stability of CRL. Both CRL@UIO-66 and CRL@UIO-66/Pro were also used for the fabrication of biosensors for nitrofen with a wide linear range (0-100 μM), lower limit of detection, and good recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Oi-Ming Lai
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Agro-Industry, School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Cai Shen
- Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan Road, Ningbo 315201, China
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Azman AR, Mahat NA, Wahab RA, Ahmad WA, Puspanadan JK, Huri MAM, Kamaluddin MR, Ismail D. Box-Behnken design optimisation of a green novel nanobio-based reagent for rapid visualisation of latent fingerprints on wet, non-porous substrates. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:881-98. [PMID: 33389272 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimisation of the green novel nanobio-based reagent (NBR) for rapid visualisation of groomed fingerprints on wet non-porous substrates using response surface methodology and assessment of its stability and sensitivity were attempted for forensic applications. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated successful attachments of NBR onto the constituents of fingerprints on the substrates. The highest average quality of visualised fingerprints was attained at the optimum condition (100 mg of CRL; 75 mg of acid-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes; 5 h of immobilisation). The NBR produced comparable average quality of fingerprints with the commercially available small particle reagent, even after 4 weeks of storage (without any preservatives) in both chilled and sultry conditions. The NBR was sensitive enough to visualise the increasingly weaker fingerprints, particularly on glass slides. CONCLUSION The optimised novel NBR could be the relatively greener option for visualising latent fingerprints on wet, non-porous substrates for forensic applications.
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Tanzi L, Robescu MS, Marzatico S, Recca T, Zhang Y, Terreni M, Bavaro T. Developing a Library of Mannose-Based Mono- and Disaccharides: A General Chemoenzymatic Approach to Monohydroxylated Building Blocks. Molecules 2020; 25:E5764. [PMID: 33297422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regioselective deprotection of acetylated mannose-based mono- and disaccharides differently functionalized in anomeric position was achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and Bacillus pumilus acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) were immobilized on octyl-Sepharose and glyoxyl-agarose, respectively. The regioselectivity of the biocatalysts was affected by the sugar structure and functionalization in anomeric position. Generally, CRL was able to catalyze regioselective deprotection of acetylated monosaccharides in C6 position. When acetylated disaccharides were used as substrates, AXE exhibited a marked preference for the C2, or C6 position when C2 was involved in the glycosidic bond. By selecting the best enzyme for each substrate in terms of activity and regioselectivity, we prepared a small library of differently monohydroxylated building blocks that could be used as intermediates for the synthesis of mannosylated glycoconjugate vaccines targeting mannose receptors of antigen presenting cells.
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Kurtovic I, Nalder TD, Cleaver H, Marshall SN. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa lipase on a highly hydrophobic support: A stable immobilised lipase suitable for non-aqueous synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00535. [PMID: 33088731 PMCID: PMC7566202 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipase from Candida rugosa (CrL) was immobilised on highly hydrophobic, octadecyl methacrylate resin (Lifetech™ ECR8806M) via interfacial adsorption. The aim was to produce a stable biocatalyst suitable for use in a range of lipid-modifying reactions. Immobilisation was carried out in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) over 24 h at 21 °C. High protein binding of 58.7 ± 4.9 mg/g dry support accounted for ∼53 % of the applied protein. The activity recovery against tributyrin was 74.0 ± 1.1 %. The specific activity of immobilised CrL against tributyrin was considerably higher than that of Novozym® 435, at 1.79 ± 0.05 and 1.08 ± 0.04 U/mg bound protein, respectively. Incubation with high concentrations (10 % w/v) of both Triton X-100 and SDS resulted in only a small reduction in immobilised lipase activity. Solvent-free synthesis of glycerides by the FFA-saturated immobilised CrL was successful over 6 reaction cycles, with no apparent loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kurtovic
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Tim D Nalder
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Cleaver
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Susan N Marshall
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
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Menden A, Hall D, Broedlow CA, Darcey T, Crawford F, Klatt N, Crynen S, Mullan M, Ait-Ghezala G. Candida rugosa lipase alters the gastrointestinal environment in wild-type mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110579. [PMID: 32771891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and commercially available supplements can significantly impact the gut microbial composition; however, the effects of supplements often lack scientific data demonstrating the effects on healthy and diseased individuals. Hence, it was investigated, whether a frequently used supplement in humans, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), gets delivered active beyond the stomach in the intestinal tract of C57BL/6 J mice and its impact on the gut microbial community and environment. We showed for the first time the movement of CRL in an active state through the mouse digestive tract by determination of intestinal CRL activity and free fatty acids concentrations. The short- and long-term administration of CRL resulted in significant alterations of the gut microbiome, favoring the growth of, for instance, Verrucomicrobia but also other species associated with normal body mass index (BMI) or butyrate expression, both considered beneficial. In addition, we showed that these changes persisted after supplementation and that gut barrier integrity was unaffected by the treatment. In conclusion, CRL can be delivered in an active state beyond the stomach and supplementation altered the murine gut microbiome favoring beneficial bacterial species, which may be of relevance in humans in healthy but also potentially in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Menden
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Davane Hall
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Courtney Ann Broedlow
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Stefan Crynen
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhao J, Gao G, Panpipat W, Cheong LZ, Shen C. Melamine-based Covalent Organic Polymers (MCOPs) as Lipase Nanocarrier for Recyclable Esters Hydrolysis and Transesterification. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:627-634. [PMID: 32404552 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study has successfully synthesized melamine-based covalent organic polymers (MCOPs) and applied it as lipase carrier for recyclable esters hydrolysis and transesterification. The synthesized MCOPs are composed of dense nanosheet structures having a thickness of 3.5 nm. Three immobilization methods namely physical adsorption, cross-linking and carrier activation were employed to prepare the MCOPs-immobilized CRL. Cross-linked MCOPs-immobilized CRL (41.30 mg protein/g MCOPs) and carrier activated MCOPs-immobilized CRL (33.20 mg protein/g MCOPs) had higher enzyme loading as compared to physical absorb MCOPs-immobilized CRL (29.30 mg protein/g MCOPs). Nevertheless, physical absorb MCOPs-immobilized CRL demonstrated the highest esters hydrolysis (49.85 U) and transesterification (1.04 U) activities. Despite having the highest enzymatic activity, physical absorb MCOPs-immobilized CRL were not able to maintain its catalytic stability with more than 30% decreased in enzymatic activity during consecutive hydrolysis and transesterification activities. Meanwhile, cross-linked MCOPs-immobilized CRL demonstrated highest catalytic stability with highest enzymatic activities at the end of consecutive reactions. All the MCOPs-immobilized CRL can be easily recovered and reused through centrifugation with more than 85% of recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University
| | - Jiahe Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University
| | - Guoliang Gao
- Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Agro-Industry, School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University
| | - Cai Shen
- Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Nebeg H, Benarous K, Serseg T, Lazreg A, Hassani H, Yousfi M. Seeds, Leaves and Roots of Thapsia garganica as a Source of New Potent Lipases Inhibitors: In vitro and In silico Studies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:683-696. [PMID: 30706829 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190128122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lipase inhibitors have gained great interest because they could help in the therapy of many diseases, however, unfortunately, only a few drugs are currently available on the market. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate for the first time the lipase inhibition effect of Thapsia garganica extracts from seeds, leaves and roots. METHODS Polyphenols and flavonoids contents were determined using spectrophotometric method. Inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate extracts from seeds, leaves and roots of T. garganica against Candida rugosa lipase was determined. To uncover the active constituents responsible for this anti-lipase activity, further investigations were performed by employing theoretical docking simulations, using AutoDock Vina program to discuss the nature of interactions and the inhibition mechanism by major bioactive compounds synthesized by this plant. RESULTS Seeds, leaves and roots extracts of T. garganica showed appreciable contents of polyphenols and flavonoids which is most in seeds extract with 2.90±0.02mg GAE/gdw and 1.53±0.05mg QE/gdw, respectively. Hence, their inhibitory activities against Candida rugosa lipase were determined as IC50 of 1.19mg/ml, 1.96mg/ml and 1.87mg/ml, respectively. Docking simulations have shown that nortribolid and tribolid are best inhibitors for both lipases (Candida rugosa and human pancreatic lipases). CONCLUSION Testing the anti-lipase activity of the ethyl acetate extracts of T. garganica revealed a potent lipase inhibition activity, which suggests the use of these molecules as anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Nebeg
- Laboratoire Des Sciences Fondamentales, Universite Amar Telidji, BP 37G, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Khedidja Benarous
- Laboratoire Des Sciences Fondamentales, Universite Amar Telidji, BP 37G, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Talia Serseg
- Laboratoire Des Sciences Fondamentales, Universite Amar Telidji, BP 37G, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Asma Lazreg
- Departement De Biologie, Universite Amar Telidji, BP 37G, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Hafidha Hassani
- Departement De Biologie, Universite Amar Telidji, BP 37G, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratoire Des Sciences Fondamentales, Universite Amar Telidji, BP 37G, Laghouat, Algeria
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18
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Cea M, González ME, Abarzúa M, Navia R. Enzymatic esterification of oleic acid by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized onto biochar. J Environ Manage 2019; 242:171-177. [PMID: 31035179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) onto biochar was studied in a series of batch experiments. CRL sorption behavior was evaluated as a function of pH, enzyme concentration, temperature and ionic strength. As the immobilized lipase was used for the catalytic esterification of oleic acid, its resistance to solvents and thermal stability were evaluated. CRL adsorption increased by increasing temperature, and with higher pH, reaching a maximum at pH 7.0. Immobilization increased lipase stability at 40 °C by more than 80% when compared to the free enzyme. Moreover, immobilized CRL showed high stability in the presence of tert-butanol, which prevents premature deactivation of the enzyme caused by alcohols during the reaction. Immobilization of CRL increased the oleic acid conversion rate. Our results suggest that biochar is a highly promising material for the immobilization of CRL lipase for the catalytic production of esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
| | - María Eugenia González
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Macarena Abarzúa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Navia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Centre for Biotechnology & Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
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19
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Jafarian F, Bordbar AK, Zare A, Khosropour A. The performance of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on various surface modified graphene oxide nanosheets. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1166-1174. [PMID: 29371152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) and its functionalization with 2, 4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine (TCT) through two routes, (a) directly reaction of GON with TCT (GON-1), and (b) reaction of GON with pre-functionalized TCT with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) (GON-2). Subsequently, GON, GON-1 and GON-2 have been used as supports for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). Several techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, UV-Vis, CHNS, FTIR and AFM were applied to characterize the nano-structures and success of synthesis, functionalization and CRL immobilization processes. The results corresponding to optimization of immobilization process revealed the following order for values of loading capacity, immobilization yield and leaching of CRL: GON > GON-1 > GON-2, while this order is reversed for, specific activity and recovery activity. The assessment of operational parameters represents the high storage stability and reasonable reusability for all the immobilized CRL while the pH and thermal stability of CRL@GON-2 are higher than two others. It seems the longer linker of GON-2 could more effectively prevent the unfavorable interaction between enzyme-enzyme and enzyme-product that consequently resulted the best catalytic performance, pH and thermal stability. The advantages of these supports make them suitable candidates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Jafarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | | | - Atefeh Zare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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20
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Melo RRD, Alnoch RC, Vilela AFL, Souza EMD, Krieger N, Ruller R, Sato HH, Mateo C. New Heterofunctional Supports Based on Glutaraldehyde-Activation: A Tool for Enzyme Immobilization at Neutral pH. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071088. [PMID: 28788435 PMCID: PMC6152115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization is an exciting alternative to improve the stability of enzymatic processes. However, part of the applied covalent strategies for immobilization uses specific conditions, generally alkaline pH, where some enzymes are not stable. Here, a new generation of heterofunctional supports with application at neutral pH conditions was proposed. New supports were developed with different bifunctional groups (i.e., hydrophobic or carboxylic/metal) capable of adsorbing biocatalysts at different regions (hydrophobic or histidine richest place), together with a glutaraldehyde group that promotes an irreversible immobilization at neutral conditions. To verify these supports, a multi-protein model system (E. coli extract) and four enzymes (Candidarugosa lipase, metagenomic lipase, β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase) were used. The immobilization mechanism was tested and indicated that moderate ionic strength should be applied to avoid possible unspecific adsorption. The use of different supports allowed the immobilization of most of the proteins contained in a crude protein extract. In addition, different supports yielded catalysts of the tested enzymes with different catalytic properties. At neutral pH, the new supports were able to adsorb and covalently immobilize the four enzymes tested with different recovered activity values. Notably, the use of these supports proved to be an efficient alternative tool for enzyme immobilization at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodrigues de Melo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Cx. P. 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Ferreira Lopes Vilela
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Krieger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Cx. P. 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hélia Harumi Sato
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Mateo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Trbojević Ivić J, Veličković D, Dimitrijević A, Bezbradica D, Dragačević V, Gavrović Jankulović M, Milosavić N. Design of biocompatible immobilized Candida rugosa lipase with potential application in food industry. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:4281-4287. [PMID: 26801832 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocatalysts are a promising alternative for the production of natural flavor compounds. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is a particularly important biocatalyst owing to its remarkable efficiency in both hydrolysis and synthesis. However, additional stabilization is necessary for successful industrial implementation. This study presents an easy and time-saving method for immobilizing this valuable enzyme on hydroxyapatite (HAP), a biomaterial with high protein-binding capacity. RESULTS Targeted immobilized CRL was obtained in high yield of ≥98%. Significant lipase stabilization was observed upon immobilization: at 60 °C, immobilized lipase (HAP-CRL) retained almost unchanged activity after 3 h, while free CRL lost 50% of its initial activity after only 30 min. The same trend was observed with tested organic solvents. Methanol and hexane had the most pronounced effect: after 3 h, only HAP-CRL was stable and active, while CRL was completely inactivated. The practical value of the prepared catalyst was tested in the synthesis of the aroma ester methyl acetate in hexane. Reaction yields were 2.6 and 52.5% for CRL and HAP-CRL respectively. CONCLUSION This research has successfully combined an industrially prominent biocatalyst, CRL, and a biocompatible, environmentally suitable carrier, HAP, into an immobilized preparation with improved catalytic properties. The obtained CRL preparation has excellent potential for the food and flavor industries, major consumers in the global enzyme market. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Trbojević Ivić
- Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Dimitrijević
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dejan Bezbradica
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Dragačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nenad Milosavić
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Bakkiyaraj S, Syed MB, Devanesan MG, Thangavelu V. Production and optimization of biodiesel using mixed immobilized biocatalysts in packed bed reactor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:9276-9283. [PMID: 25940482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are used as raw materials for biodiesel production using transesterification reaction. Several methods for the production of biodiesel were developed using chemical (alkali and acidic compounds) and biological catalysts (lipases). Biodiesel production catalyzed by lipases is energy and cost-saving processes and is carried out at normal temperature and pressure. The need for an efficient method for screening larger number of variables has led to the adoption of statistical experimental design. In the present study, packed bed reactor was designed to study with mixed immobilized biocatalysts to have higher productivity under optimum conditions. Contrary to the single-step acyl migration mechanism, a two-step stepwise reaction mechanism involving immobilized Candida rugosa lipase and immobilized Rhizopus oryzae cells was employed for the present work. This method was chosen because enzymatic hydrolysis followed by esterification can tolerate high free fatty acid containing oils. The effects of flow rate and bed height on biodiesel yield were studied using two factors five-level central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum biodiesel yield of 85 and 81 % was obtained for jatropha oil and karanja oil with the optimum bed height and optimum flow rate of 32.6 cm and 1.35 L/h, and 32.6 cm and 1.36 L/h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bakkiyaraj
- Biochemical Engineering Lab, Chemical Engineering Department, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mahin Basha Syed
- Biochemical Engineering Lab, Chemical Engineering Department, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
- Environmental Engineering Lab, Nawab Shah Alam Khan College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, 500024, Telangana, India.
| | - M G Devanesan
- Biochemical Engineering Lab, Chemical Engineering Department, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Viruthagiri Thangavelu
- Biochemical Engineering Lab, Chemical Engineering Department, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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23
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Li X, Liu Z, Wang G, Pan D, Jiao L, Yan Y. Overexpression of Candida rugosa lipase Lip1 via combined strategies in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 82:115-124. [PMID: 26672457 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, combined strategies were employed to heterologously overexpress Candida rugosa lipase Lip1 (CRL1) in a Pichia pastoris system. The LIP1 gene was systematically codon-optimized and synthesized in vitro. The Lip1 activity of a recombinant strain harboring three copies of the codon-optimized LIP1 gene reached 1200 U/mL in a shake flask culture. Higher lipase activity, 1450 U/mL, was obtained using a five copy number construct. Co-expressing one copy of the ERO1p and BiP chaperones with Lip1p, the CRL1 lipase yield further reached 1758 U/mL, which was significantly higher than that achieved by expressing Lip1p alone or only co-expressing one molecular chaperone. When cultivated in a 3 L fermenter under optimal conditions, the recombinant strain GS115/87-ZA-ERO1p-BiP #7, expressing the molecular chaperones Ero1p and BiP, produced 13,490 U/mL of lipase activity at 130 h, which was greater than the 11,400 U/mL of activity for the recombinant strain GS115/pAO815-α-mCRL1 #87, which did not express a molecular chaperone. This study indicates that a strategy of combining codon optimization with co-expression of molecular chaperones has great potential for the industrial-scale production of pure CRL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zimin Liu
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guilong Wang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Dujie Pan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liangcheng Jiao
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Zhang W, Qing W, Ren Z, Li W, Chen J. Lipase immobilized catalytically active membrane for synthesis of lauryl stearate in a pervaporation membrane reactor. Bioresour Technol 2014; 172:16-21. [PMID: 25218626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A composite catalytically active membrane immobilized with Candida rugosa lipase has been prepared by immersion phase inversion technique for enzymatic synthesis of lauryl stearate in a pervaporation membrane reactor. SEM images showed that a "sandwich-like" membrane structure with a porous lipase-PVA catalytic layer uniformly coated on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethersulfone (PES) bilayer was obtained. Optimum conditions for lipase immobilization in the catalytic layer were determined. The membrane was proved to exhibit superior thermal stability, pH stability and reusability than free lipase under similar conditions. In the case of pervaporation coupled synthesis of lauryl stearate, benefited from in-situ water removal by the membrane, a conversion enhancement of approximately 40% was achieved in comparison to the equilibrium conversion obtained in batch reactors. In addition to conversion enhancement, it was also found that excess water removal by the catalytically active membrane appears to improve activity of the lipase immobilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihua Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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25
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Ortega-Requena S, Gómez JL, Bastida J, Máximo F, Montiel MC, Murcia MD. Study of different reaction schemes for the enzymatic synthesis of polyglycerol polyricinoleate. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2308-2316. [PMID: 24403129 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different strategies for the solvent-free enzymatic production of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) were explored in an attempt to simplify and improve the process. Besides the conventional procedure (obtaining polyricinoleic acid, followed by its esterification with polyglycerol), two alternative methods are proposed: (1) reversing the synthesis order, i.e. esterification of polyglycerol with ricinoleic acid and then the condensation of ricinoleic acid with the previously obtained polyglycerol ester; and (2) the enzymatic synthesis of PGPR in a single-step process. RESULTS The reaction sequences were carried out in an open-air reactor with free and immobilised lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases, E.C. 3.1.1.3): Candida rugosa lipase to obtain polyricinoleic acid and Rhizopus oryzae lipase for the esterification of polyglycerol with the carboxyl group of ricinoleic or polyricinoleic acid. A co-immobilised derivative containing both lipases was used to catalyse the single-stage scheme. The three processes were carried out in a vacuum reactor, obtaining in every case PGPR that complied with the legal specifications of the European Community and recommendations provided in the Food Chemical Codex. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that all three protocols are viable for the enzymatic synthesis of PGPR and require similar reaction times. The single-stage scheme is easier to carry out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvadora Ortega-Requena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
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26
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Abstract
The structural elucidations of microbial lipases have been of prime interest since the 1980s. Knowledge of structural features plays an important role in designing and engineering lipases for specific purposes. Significant structural data have been presented for few microbial lipases, while, there is still a structure-deficit, that is, most lipase structures are yet to be resolved. A search for 'lipase structure' in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) returns only 93 hits (as of September 2007) and, the NCBI database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) reports 89 lipase structures as compared to 14719 core nucleotide records. It is therefore worthwhile to consider investigations on the structural analysis of microbial lipases. This review is intended to provide a collection of resources on the instrumental, chemical and bioinformatics approaches for structure analyses. X-ray crystallography is a versatile tool for the structural biochemists and is been exploited till today. The chemical methods of recent interests include molecular modeling and combinatorial designs. Bioinformatics has surged striking interests in protein structural analysis with the advent of innumerable tools. Furthermore, a literature platform of the structural elucidations so far investigated has been presented with detailed descriptions as applicable to microbial lipases. A case study of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has also been discussed which highlights important structural features also common to most lipases. A general profile of lipase has been vividly described with an overview of lipase research reviewed in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Geraldine Sandana Mala
- SANDANA FLORALS, Module-7, Golden Jubilee Biotech Park for Women Society, In SIPCOT-IT Park, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Siruseri, Navalur P.O., Kanchipuram District-603103, Tamilnadu, India
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