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Kalydi E, Malanga M, Nielsen TT, Wimmer R, Béni S. Solving the puzzle of 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin: Detailed assignment of the substituent distribution by NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122167. [PMID: 38763706 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) is one of the most important cyclodextrin derivatives, finding extensive applications in the pharmaceutical sector. Beyond its role as an excipient, HPBCD achieved orphan drug status in 2015 for Niemann-Pick type C disease treatment, prompting research into its therapeutic potential for various disorders. However, the acceptance of HPBCD as an active pharmaceutical ingredient may be impeded by its complex nature. Indeed, HPBCD is not a single entity with a well-defined structure, instead, it is a complex mixture of isomers varying in substituent positions and the degree of hydroxypropylation, posing several challenges for unambiguous characterization. Pharmacopoeias' methods only address the average hydroxypropylation extent, lacking a rapid approach to characterize the substituent positions on the CD scaffold. Recognizing that the distribution of substituents significantly influences the complexation ability and overall activity of the derivative, primarily by altering cavity dimensions, we present a straightforward and non-destructive method based on liquid state NMR spectroscopy to analyze the positions of the hydroxypropyl sidechains. This method relies on a single set of routine experiments to establish quantitative assignment and it provides a simple yet effective tool to disclose the substitution pattern of this complex material, utilizing easily accessible (400 MHz NMR) instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kalydi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Milo Malanga
- CarboHyde Zrt., Berlini u. 47-49, 1045 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Thorbjørn Terndrup Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Saad H, Nour El-Dien FA, El-Gamel NEA, Abo Dena AS. Removal of bromophenol blue from polluted water using a novel azo-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1316-1329. [PMID: 38174277 PMCID: PMC10763660 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Water pollution from organic dyes poses a serious danger to the environment. In the present work, we report a novel adsorbent (ADFS) based on azo-dye-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for the removal of the anionic dye bromophenol blue (BPB) from contaminated water. The fabricated SPIONs, azo dye, and ADFS adsorbent were characterized with FTIR and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, SEM imaging, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. DLS measurements showed a particle size of 46.1 and 176.5 nm for the SPIONs and the ADFS, respectively. The adsorbent exhibited an adsorption capacity of 7.43 mg g-1 and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model (r2 = 0.9981). The ADFS could efficiently remove BPB from water after stirring for 120 minutes at room temperature and pH 2. The adsorption process was proved to occur via physisorption, as revealed by the Freundlich isotherm (n = 1.82 and KF = 11.5). Thermodynamic studies implied that the adsorption is spontaneous (-8.03 ≤ ΔG ≤ -0.58 kJ mol-1) and enthalpy-driven might take place via van der Waals interactions and/or hydrogen bonding (ΔH = -82.19 kJ mol-1 and ΔS = -0.24 kJ mol-1 K-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
- General Organization for Export and Import Control Ramses Street Cairo Egypt
| | - F A Nour El-Dien
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Nadia E A El-Gamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abo Dena
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) Giza Egypt
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt (FUE) New Cairo Egypt
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3
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Ali I, Perrucci M, Ciriolo L, D'Ovidio C, de Grazia U, Ulusoy HI, Kabir A, Savini F, Locatelli M. Applications of electrophoresis for small enantiomeric drugs in real-world samples: Recent trends and future perspectives. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:55-68. [PMID: 37495859 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Separation and identification of chiral molecules is a topic widely discussed in the literature and of fundamental importance, especially in the pharmaceutical and food fields, both from industrial and laboratory points of view. Several techniques are used to carry out these analyses, but high-performance liquid chromatography is often the "gold standard." The high costs of chiral columns, necessary for this technique, led researchers to look for an alternative, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a technique capable of overcoming some of the disadvantages of liquid chromatography, often providing comparable results in terms of sensitivity and robustness. We addressed this topic, already widely discussed in the literature, providing an overview of the last 6 years of the most frequent and recent applications of CE. To make the manuscript more effective, we decided to divide it into paragraphs that represent the main field of application, from enantioseparation in complex matrices (pharmacokinetic studies or toxicological dosage of drugs, analysis of environmental pollutants, and analyses of foods) to quality control analyses on pharmaceutical formulas. About these, which are the fields of most meaningful use, we mentioned some of the most innovative and performing methods, with a look to the future on the application of new materials used, such as chiral selectors, that can make these types of analyses accessible to all, reducing cost, time, and excessive use of toxic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Miryam Perrucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Ciriolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristian D'Ovidio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ugo de Grazia
- Laboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Fabio Savini
- Pharmatoxicology Laboratory-Hospital "Santo Spirito", Pescara, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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4
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Lebedinskiy K, Jindřich J. Preparation of 6-Monohalo-β-cyclodextrin Derivatives with Selectively Methylated Rims via Diazonium Salts. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28268-28276. [PMID: 37576619 PMCID: PMC10413458 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of 6-monohalo (Cl, Br, and I) β-cyclodextrin derivatives with various types of methylations were synthesized via a diazotization/nucleophilic displacement reaction from the corresponding methylated cyclodextrin amines. All four starting compounds (6A-amino-6A-deoxy derivatives of native β-CD, per-6-O-methyl-, per-2,3-O-methyl-, and per-2,3,6-O-methyl-β-CD) were found to have different reactivities under the same reaction conditions. Unsubstituted and fully per-O-methylated cyclodextrin amines undergo fast transformation, giving lower yields of the monohalogenated product. The selectively methylated cyclodextrin amines react remarkably slower and provide almost complete conversion into the desired monohalogenated compound. A pure product was, in several cases, successfully isolated with simple purification techniques (extraction and precipitation), allowing large-scale preparations. This new method opens the way for preparing poorly investigated monofunctionalized selectively methylated cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Lebedinskiy
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Influence of β-Cyclodextrin Methylation on Host-Guest Complex Stability: A Theoretical Study of Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions as Well as Host Dimer Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062625. [PMID: 36985598 PMCID: PMC10054123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the non-covalent interactions in host-guest complexes is crucial to their stability, design and applications. Here, we use density functional theory to compare the ability of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) to encapsulate the model guest phenol. For both macrocycles, we quantify the intramolecular interactions before and after the formation of the complex, as well as the intermolecular host-guest and host-host dimer interactions. These are individually classified as van der Waals interactions or hydrogen bonds, respectively. The results show a stronger intramolecular binding energy of β-CD, with the absolute difference being −5.53 kcal/mol relative to DM-β-CD. Consequently, the intermolecular interactions of both cyclodextrins with phenol are affected, such that the free binding energy calculated for the DM-β-CD/phenol complex (−5.23 kcal/mol) is ≈50% more negative than for the complex with β-CD (−2.62 kcal/mol). The latter is in excellent agreement with the experimental data (−2.69 kcal/mol), which validates the level of theory (B97-3c) used. Taken together, the methylation of β-CD increases the stability of the host-guest complex with the here studied guest phenol through stronger van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. We attribute this to the disruption of the hydrogen bond network in the primary face of β-CD upon methylation, which influences the flexibility of the host toward the guest as well as the strength of the intermolecular interactions. Our work provides fundamental insights into the impact of different non-covalent interactions on host-guest stability, and we suggest that this theoretical framework can be adapted to other host-guest complexes to evaluate and quantify their non-covalent interactions.
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6
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Sun W, Qiu H, You H, Chen B, Fang L, Qian J, Tong S. Degree and distribution of substitution of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and countercurrent chromatographic enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463684. [PMID: 36502644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nine types of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) with different degrees and distributions of substitution were synthesised, and nine racemates were selected to investigate the effect of different degrees and distributions of substitution of HP-β-CD on the enantioseparation factor. 1H NMR and GC/MS were used to characterise the synthesised HP-β-CD. The degree and distribution of substitution had a significant influence on enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and enantioseparation by countercurrent chromatography. For most of the tested racemates, increasing both the degree of substitution and distribution of substitution at the C-2 position for HP-β-CD would lead to an increasing enantioseparation factor; the optimal enantioseparation factor of 2-phenylbutyric acid, tropic acid, 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid, 2-(4-hydroxylphenyl) propanoic acid, and naproxen was increased to 1.77, 1.53, 1.67, 1.61, and 1.75, respectively. The enantioseparation of racemic naproxen, 2-(4-hydroxylphenyl) propanoic acid, and 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid by countercurrent chromatography was optimised using HP-β-CD with a degree of substitution of 16.5, and peak resolution was significantly improved to 1.03, 1.35, and 1.01, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Haibo You
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ben Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Liqun Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Junqing Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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7
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Lebedinskiy K, Lobaz V, Jindřich J. Preparation of β-cyclodextrin-based dimers with selectively methylated rims and their use for solubilization of tetracene. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1596-1606. [PMID: 36530532 PMCID: PMC9704020 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of β-cyclodextrin dimers selectively permethylated on the primary or secondary rim with two different types of spacers have been synthesized effectively utilizing conventional and newly developed methods. Their structure analyses by 1H NMR and NOESY NMR imply the dependence of molecular symmetry on the type of spacer. The ability of synthesized dimers to increase the solubility of tetracene in DMSO was evaluated and compared to native cyclodextrins and their methylated derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds expressed better effectiveness than other tested supramolecular hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Lebedinskiy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Lobaz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Supramolecular Systems and Self-Assembling Processes, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Ujj D, Kalydi E, Malanga M, Varga E, Sohajda T, Béni S, Benkovics G. Sugammadex analogue cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for enantioseparation of cathinone derivatives by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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9
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Orlandini S, Hancu G, Szabó ZI, Modroiu A, Papp LA, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. New Trends in the Quality Control of Enantiomeric Drugs: Quality by Design-Compliant Development of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207058. [PMID: 36296650 PMCID: PMC9607418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a potent method for analyzing chiral substances and is commonly used in the enantioseparation and chiral purity control of pharmaceuticals from different matrices. The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) concepts in analytical method development, optimization and validation is a widespread trend observed in various analytical approaches including chiral CE. The application of Analytical QbD (AQbD) leads to the development of analytical methods based on sound science combined with risk management, and to a well understood process clarifying the influence of method parameters on the analytical output. The Design of Experiments (DoE) method employing chemometric tools is an essential part of QbD-based method development, allowing for the simultaneous evaluation of experimental parameters as well as their interaction. In 2022 the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) released two draft guidelines (ICH Q14 and ICH Q2(R2)) that are intended to encourage more robust analytical procedures. The ICH Q14 guideline intends to harmonize the scientific approaches for analytical procedures’ development, while the Q2(R2) document covers the validation principles for the use of analytical procedures including the recent applications that require multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the new prospects for chiral CE method development applied for the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceuticals using AQbD principles. The review also provides an overview of recent research (2012–2022) on the applicability of CE methods in chiral drug impurity profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
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MODELLING THE SIMULTANEOUS CHIRAL SEPARATION OF A GROUP OF DRUGS BY ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY USING MIXTURES OF CYCLODEXTRINS. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Recent Advances on Chiral Mobile Phase Additives: A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Saad H, El-Dien FAN, El-Gamel NEA, Abo Dena AS. Azo-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles: an efficient adsorbent for the removal of bromocresol green from contaminated water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25487-25499. [PMID: 36199338 PMCID: PMC9450110 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Water contamination is regarded as one of the world's worst tragedies owing to the continual depletion of water resources suitable for drinking and agriculture. Researchers have recently been interested in developing novel and more effective adsorbents for wastewater purification. We report herein a magnetic adsorbent nanomaterial for the removal of the anionic dye bromocresol green (BCG) from wastewater. The adsorbent is based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (cubic Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with a high-molecular-weight azo dye synthesized via diazo coupling of vitamin B1 with a trisubstituted benzene derivative. The proposed adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction crystallography. At room temperature and pH 2.0, the synthesized adsorbent showed an average particle size of 65.9 ± 8.0 nm, a high magnetization saturation (65.58 emu g−1), a high equilibrium adsorption capacity (36.91 mg g−1). Adsorption of BCG was found to take place via a physisorption mechanism and followed a pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is enthalpy driven by hydrogen bonding and/or van der Waals interactions. After treating water samples with the suggested adsorbent, it can be easily removed from water using a strong external magnetic field. An efficient adsorbent based on azo-dye-coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized for the removal of the anionic dye, bromocresol green, from wastewater.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- General Organization for Export and Import Control, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F. A. Nour El-Dien
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S. Abo Dena
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt (FUE), New Cairo, Egypt
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Complexation of daclatasvir by single isomer methylated β-cyclodextrins studied by capillary electrophoresis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118486. [PMID: 34560933 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In capillary electrophoresis an enantioseparation of daclatasvir (DCV) was observed in case of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD, heptakis(2-O-methyl)-β-CD and β-CD, while two peaks with a plateau were noted for heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD and heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl)-β-CD indicating a slow equilibrium. Heptakis(6-O-methyl)-β-CD and heptakis(3-O-methyl)-β-CD yielded broad peaks. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments including nuclear Overhauser effect-based techniques revealed inclusion complex formation for all CDs with the biphenyl ring of DCV within the cavity and the valine-pyrrolidine moieties protruding from the torus. However, in case of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD, heptakis(2-O-methyl)-β-CD and β-CD higher order structures with 1:3 stoichiometry were concluded, where the valine moieties enter additional CD molecules via the secondary side. Heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD and heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl)-β-CD yielded primarily 1:1 complexes. Higher order complexes between DCV and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD were corroborated by mass spectrometry. Complex stoichiometry was not the reason for the slow equilibrium yielding the plateau observed in capillary electrophoresis, but structural characteristics of the CDs especially complete methylation of the secondary rim.
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14
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Krait S, Salgado A, Malanga M, Sohajda T, Benkovics G, Szakály PS, Chankvetadze B, Scriba GKE. Structural characterization of methyl-β-cyclodextrins by high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and effect of their isomeric composition on the capillary electrophoresis enantioseparation of daclatasvir. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462675. [PMID: 34890854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The separation of daclatasvir and its R,R,R,R-enantiomer was studied by capillary electrophoresis using various randomly methylated β-CDs and the single isomer heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD (2,6-DM-β-CD) as chiral selectors in an acidic background electrolyte. Opposite enantiomer migration order was observed for randomly substituted CDs compared to 2,6-DM-β-CD as well as methylated β-CDs with different composition according to the specifications of the manufacturers. HPLC and NMR analyses confirmed that the presence of a high 2,6-DM-β-CD content in the CDs enables to achieve the migration order R,R,R,R-enantiomer > daclatasvir. In contrast, products with low 2,6-DM-β-CD isomer content and/or the presence of a large amount of methylated CD isomers, in which d-glucopyranose moieties are not substituted in either position 2 or 6, displayed the opposite enantiomer migration order daclatasvir > R,R,R,R-enantiomer. The study indicated the importance of the type and composition of derivatized CDs on chiral separations in capillary electrophoresis as well as the importance of proper quality control for cyclodextrin manufacturers. Moreover, the observed migration order could be rationalized based on the composition and substitution pattern of the CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Antonio Salgado
- NMR Spectroscopy Center (CERMN), CAI Químicas, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
| | - Milo Malanga
- CycloLab Ltd., Illatos út 7, Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena 07743, Germany.
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Terashima H, Yamamoto A, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Mikami I, Ishihara Y, Kodama S. Enantioseparation of phenethylamines by using high-performance liquid chromatography column permanently coated with methylated β-cyclodextrin. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2932-2940. [PMID: 34077621 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been used for chiral high-performance liquid chromatography selectors, while they are costly to use as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography. Here, we report application of phenyl column coated permanently with methylated β-cyclodextrin for chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. A 0.1% (v/v) phosphoric acid solution containing 1 M NaCl and 0.5% (w/v) methylated β-cyclodextrin was subjected to a phenyl column at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 30°C for 2 h. Using the precoating phenyl column, all the enantiomers of the four phenethylamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, octopamine, and synephrine) were successfully separated simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography with a mobile phase without methylated β-cyclodextrin at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min at 30°C. The enantioseparation ability was retained for successive analyses during 1 week. It is suggested that inclusion complex of methylated β-cyclodextrin with a phenyl group on the surface of the stationary phase could be formed and that the inclusion complex could form the ternary complex with the injected analytes. The longer retention time of (S)-enantiomers of analytes than corresponding (R)-enantiomers for high-performance liquid chromatography could be explained from the higher stability of the methylated β-cyclodextrin complexes with (S)-enantiomers, which were confirmed by capillary electrophoresis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Taga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikko Mikami
- School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Kodama
- School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Jiang W, Liu H, Sun B. Chiral Recognition for Chromatography and Membrane-Based Separations: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:1145. [PMID: 33669919 PMCID: PMC7924630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of global industry and increasingly frequent product circulation, the separation and detection of chiral drugs/pesticides are becoming increasingly important. The chiral nature of substances can result in harm to the human body, and the selective endocrine-disrupting effect of drug enantiomers is caused by differential enantiospecific binding to receptors. This review is devoted to the specific recognition and resolution of chiral molecules by chromatography and membrane-based enantioseparation techniques. Chromatographic enantiomer separations with chiral stationary phase (CSP)-based columns and membrane-based enantiomer filtration are detailed. In addition, the unique properties of these chiral resolution methods have been summarized for practical applications in the chemistry, environment, biology, medicine, and food industries. We further discussed the recognition mechanism in analytical enantioseparations and analyzed recent developments and future prospects of chromatographic and membrane-based enantioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.J.); (B.S.)
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17
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Krait S, Konjaria ML, Scriba GKE. Advances of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations in pharmaceutical analysis (2017-2020). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1709-1725. [PMID: 33433919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the analysis of polar chiral compounds and has been widely accepted for analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. In addition, many mechanistic studies have been conducted in an attempt to rationalize enantioseparations in combination with spectroscopic and computational techniques. The present review will focus on recent examples of mechanistic aspects and summarize recent applications of stereoselective pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis published between January 2017 and November 2020. Various separation modes including electrokinetic chromatography in combination with several detection modes including laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry and contactless conductivity detection will be discussed. A general trend also observed in other analytical techniques is the application of quality by design principles in method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mari-Luiza Konjaria
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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18
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Single isomer cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461375. [PMID: 32823120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, cyclodextrins are one of the most powerful selectors in chiral capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of diverse organic compounds. This review concerns papers published over the last decade (from 2009 until nowadays), dealing with the capillary electrophoretic application of single isomer cyclodextrin derivatives in chiral separations. Following a brief overview of their synthetic approaches, the inventory of the neutral, negatively and positively charged (including both permanently ionic and pH-tunable ionizable substituents) and zwitterionic CD derivatives is presented, with insights to underlying structural aspects by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. CE represents an ideal tool to study the weak, non-covalent supramolecular interactions. The published methods are reviewed in the light of enantioselectivity, enantiomer migration order and the fine-tuning of enantiodiscrimination by the substitution pattern of the single entity selector molecules, which is hardly possible for their randomly substituted counterparts. All the reviewed publications herein support that cyclodextrin-based chiral capillary electrophoresis seems to remain a popular choice in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
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19
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Gogolashvili A, Chankvetadze L, Takaishvili N, Salgado A, Chankvetadze B. Separation of terbutaline enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis with neutral cyclodextrin‐type chiral selectors and investigation of the structure of selector‐selectand complexes using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1023-1030. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Gogolashvili
- School of Exact and Natural SciencesInstitute of Physical and Analytical ChemistryTbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Lali Chankvetadze
- School of Exact and Natural SciencesInstitute of Physical and Analytical ChemistryTbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Nino Takaishvili
- School of Exact and Natural SciencesInstitute of Physical and Analytical ChemistryTbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Antonio Salgado
- Centro de Espectroscopía de RMN (CERMN)Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of AlcaláUniversity Campus Madrid Spain
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- School of Exact and Natural SciencesInstitute of Physical and Analytical ChemistryTbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia
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20
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Kristoff CJ, Bwanali L, Veltri LM, Gautam GP, Rutto PK, Newton EO, Holland LA. Challenging Bioanalyses with Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:49-66. [PMID: 31698907 PMCID: PMC6995690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Kristoff
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Veltri
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Gayatri P. Gautam
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Patrick K. Rutto
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ebenezer O. Newton
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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