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Barna M, Dunovska K, Cepova J, Werle J, Prusa R, Bjørklud G, Melichercik P, Kizek R, Klapkova E. Short-term impact of vitamin K2 supplementation on biochemical parameters and lipoprotein fractions. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 39091191 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the short-term effects of vitamin K2 (VK2) supplementation on biochemical parameters (vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin A, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus (P), magnesium, metallothionein, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipoprotein fractions (albumin, HDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, and chylomicrons). A short-term experiment (24 h, six probands) was performed to track changes in VK2 levels after a single-dose intake (360 µg/day). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to monitor vitamin K levels (menaquinone-4 (MK-4), menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and vitamin K1 [VK1]) with a limit of detection of 1.9 pg/mL for VK1 and 3.8 pg/mL for the two forms of VK2. Results showed that MK-7 levels significantly increased within 2-6 h post-administration and then gradually declined. MK-4 levels were initially low, showing a slight increase, whereas VK1 levels rose initially and then decreased. Biochemical analyses indicated no significant changes in sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, albumin, or total protein levels. A transient increase in P was observed, peaking at 12 h before returning to baseline. Agarose gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein fractions revealed distinct chylomicron bands and variations in VLDL and HDL mobility, influenced by dietary lipids and VK2 supplementation. These findings suggest effective absorption and metabolism of MK-7 with potential implications for bone metabolism and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Barna
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- First Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katerina Dunovska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Cepova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Julia Werle
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Richard Prusa
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Geir Bjørklud
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Pavel Melichercik
- First Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Klapkova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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Salido-Fortuna S, Ruano-Culebras P, Marina ML, Castro-Puyana M. Rapid indirect separation of glutamine enantiomers by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Analysis of dietary supplements. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300921. [PMID: 38356221 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Glutamine is the most abundant free proteinogenic α-amino acid. It is naturally produced in the organism and acts as a precursor for the synthesis of different biologically important molecules (such as proteins or nucleotides). However, under stressful conditions, the organism is unable to produce it in enough amounts to function properly. Thus, glutamine (Gln)-based supplements have become increasingly popular over the last decade. Since legal regulations establish that amino acid-based dietary supplements must contain only the L-enantiomer and not the racemate, adequate chiral methodologies are required to achieve their quality control. In this work, an analytical methodology based on the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography is proposed for the rapid enantiomeric determination of DL-Gln in dietary supplements. Using (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)-ethyl chloroformate as a derivatizing agent and ammonium perfluorooctanoate as separation medium, the Gln diastereoisomers formed under optimal conditions were separated in 8 min with a resolution of 2.8. The analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection/quantitation, and they were found appropriate for the analysis of L-Gln-based dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salido-Fortuna
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruano-Culebras
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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