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Peña-Montes C, Bermúdez-García E, Castro-Ochoa D, Vega-Pérez F, Esqueda-Domínguez K, Castro-Rodríguez JA, González-Canto A, Segoviano-Reyes L, Navarro-Ocaña A, Farrés A. ANCUT1, a novel thermoalkaline cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans and its application on hydroxycinnamic acids lipophilization. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:409-430. [PMID: 38416309 PMCID: PMC11055803 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the four cutinases encoded in the Aspergillus nidulans genome, ANCUT1, is described here. Culture conditions were evaluated, and it was found that this enzyme is produced only when cutin is present in the culture medium, unlike the previously described ANCUT2, with which it shares 62% amino acid identity. The differences between them include the fact that ANCUT1 is a smaller enzyme, with experimental molecular weight and pI values of 22 kDa and 6, respectively. It shows maximum activity at pH 9 and 60 °C under assayed conditions and retains more than 60% of activity after incubation for 1 h at 60 °C in a wide range of pH values (6-10) after incubations of 1 or 3 h. It has a higher activity towards medium-chain esters and can modify long-chain length hydroxylated fatty acids constituting cutin. Its substrate specificity properties allow the lipophilization of alkyl coumarates, valuable antioxidants and its thermoalkaline behavior, which competes favorably with other fungal cutinases, suggests it may be useful in many more applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Peña-Montes
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos (UNIDA), Calzada Miguel Angel de Quevedo, 2779. Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz, México, CP 91897
| | - Eva Bermúdez-García
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Denise Castro-Ochoa
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Mochis, Juan de Dios Batiz y 20 de Noviembre, CP 81259, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Vega-Pérez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Katia Esqueda-Domínguez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Augusto Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Augusto González-Canto
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis, 148, CP 06726, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Segoviano-Reyes
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Navarro-Ocaña
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Amelia Farrés
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Ling FWM, Abdulbari HA, Chin SY. Heterogeneous Microfluidic Reactors: A Review and an Insight of Enzymatic Reactions. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona W. M. Ling
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (FLUID CENTRE) Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Hayder A. Abdulbari
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (FLUID CENTRE) Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Sim Yee Chin
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
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Zhou XJ, Zhu CT, Zhang LY, You S, Wu FA, Wang J. Enrichment and purification of red pigments from defective mulberry fruits using biotransformation in a liquid-liquid-solid three-phase system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24432-24440. [PMID: 32323230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A large number of defective mulberries are discarded each year because mulberries are easy to break. The red pigments from defective mulberries are recognized as the sustainable sources of anthocyanins extracted from nature. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside are the main components of mulberry red pigments, accounting for 50% and 40% of the total, respectively. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside exhibits anticancer, hypoglycemic, and liver and visceral protection properties. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside can be prepared by enzymatically hydrolyzing the rhamnosidase bond of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. To obtain mulberry red pigment with a high purity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase was added to the aqueous two-phase system to construct a liquid-liquid-solid three-phase enzyme catalytic system. After optimization, the three-phase system was composed of 27.12% (w/w) ethanol, 18.10% (w/w) ammonium sulfate, 15% (w/w) mulberry juice, 4.24% (w/w) immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase, and 35.54% (w/w) pure water. The three-phase system was employed to enrich and purify cyanidin-3-O-glucoside at pH 5 and 45 °C for 1 h. The purity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was increased from 40 to 82.42% with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside conversion of 60.68%. The immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase could be reused seven times, maintaining a relative activity of over 50%. Overall, the developed system provided an efficient and simple approach for high purity mulberry red pigment production and recycling in the field of sustainable agriculture. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Tong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
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Biocatalysis in Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Reactors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 179:211-246. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Febbraio F, Ionata E, Marcolongo L. Forty years of study on the thermostable β-glycosidase from S. solfataricus: Production, biochemical characterization and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:602-618. [PMID: 32621790 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to make the point on the fortieth years study on the β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. This enzyme represents one of the thermophilic biocatalysts, which is more extensively studied as witnessed by the numerous literature reports available since 1980. Comprehensive biochemical studies highlighted its broad substrate specificity for β-d-galacto-, gluco-, and fuco-sides and also showed its remarkable exo-glucosidase and transglycosidase activities. The enzyme demonstrated to be active and stable over a wide range of temperature and pHs, withstanding to several drastic conditions comprising solvents and detergents. Over the years, a great deal of studies were focused on its homotetrameric tridimensional structure, elucidating several structural features involved in the enzyme stability, such as ion pairs and post-translational modifications. Several β-glycosidase mutants were produced in the years in order to understand its peculiar behavior in extreme conditions and/or to improve its functional properties. The β-glycosidase overproduction was also afforded reporting numerous studies dealing with its production in the mesophilic host Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, and Lactococcus lactis. Relevant applications in food, beverages, bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceutical fields of this enzyme, both in free and immobilized forms, highlighted its biotechnological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ionata
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Loredana Marcolongo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, 80131, Italy
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Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Maximizing space–time yields (STY) of biocatalytic flow processes is essential for the establishment of a circular biobased economy. We present a comparative study in which different biocatalytic flow reactor concepts were tested with the same enzyme, the (R)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH), that was used for stereoselective reduction of 5-nitrononane-2,8-dione. The LbADH contained a genetically encoded streptavidin (STV)-binding peptide to enable self-immobilization on STV-coated surfaces. The purified enzyme was immobilized by physisorption or chemisorption as monolayers on the flow channel walls, on magnetic microbeads in a packed-bed format, or as self-assembled all-enzyme hydrogels. Moreover, a multilayer biofilm with cytosolic-expressed LbADH served as a whole-cell biocatalyst. To enable cross-platform comparison, STY values were determined for the various reactor modules. While mono- and multilayer coatings of the reactor surface led to STY < 10, higher productivity was achieved with packed-bed reactors (STY ≈ 100) and the densely packed hydrogels (STY > 450). The latter modules could be operated for prolonged times (>6 days). Given that our approach should be transferable to other enzymes, we anticipate that compartmentalized microfluidic reaction modules equipped with self-immobilizing biocatalysts would be of great utility for numerous biocatalytic and even chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions under continuous flow conditions.
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Simplified immobilisation method for histidine-tagged enzymes in poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices. N Biotechnol 2017; 47:31-38. [PMID: 29242048 PMCID: PMC6191535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
1-step immobilisation for histidine-tagged enzymes onto PMMA surfaces developed. 1-step method achieved similar enzyme binding efficiency to established protocol. Model enzyme reaction gave higher specific activity and similar conversion yields. 1-step method requires less chemicals and time for PMMA surface preparation. 1-step method provides rapid and efficient way for enzyme immobilisation.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic devices have become promising platforms for a wide range of applications. Here we report a simple method for immobilising histidine-tagged enzymes suitable for PMMA microfluidic devices. The 1-step-immobilisation described is based on the affinity of the His-tag/Ni-NTA interaction and does not require prior amination of the PMMA surface, unlike many existing protocols. We compared it with a 3-step immobilisation protocol involving amination of PMMA and linking NTA via a glutaraldehyde cross-linker. These methods were applied to immobilise transketolase (TK) in PMMA microfluidic devices. Binding efficiency studies showed that about 15% of the supplied TK was bound using the 1-step method and about 26% of the enzyme was bound by the 3-step method. However, the TK-catalysed reaction producing l-erythrulose performed in microfluidic devices showed that specific activity of TK in the device utilising the 1-step immobilisation method was approximately 30% higher than that of its counterpart. Reusability of the microfluidic device produced via the 1-step method was tested for three cycles of enzymatic reaction and at least 85% of the initial productivity was maintained. The device could be operated for up to 40 h in a continuous flow and on average 70% of the initial productivity was maintained. The simplified immobilisation method required fewer chemicals and less time for preparation of the immobilised microfluidic device compared to the 3-step method while achieving higher specific enzyme activity. The method represents a promising approach for the development of immobilised enzymatic microfluidic devices and could potentially be applied to combine protein purification with immobilisation.
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ANCUT2, a Thermo-alkaline Cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans and Its Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1014-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Valikhani D, Bolivar JM, Pfeiffer M, Nidetzky B. Multivalency Effects on the Immobilization of Sucrose Phosphorylase in Flow Microchannels and Their Use in the Development of a High-Performance Biocatalytic Microreactor. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donya Valikhani
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Juan M. Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martin Pfeiffer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
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Zhang X, Wilson K, Lee AF. Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrothermal Processing of C 5-C 6 Sugars. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12328-12368. [PMID: 27680093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomass has been long exploited as an anthropogenic energy source; however, the 21st century challenges of energy security and climate change are driving resurgence in its utilization both as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels and as a sustainable carbon feedstock for chemicals production. Deconstruction of cellulose and hemicellulose carbohydrate polymers into their constituent C5 and C6 sugars, and subsequent heterogeneously catalyzed transformations, offer the promise of unlocking diverse oxygenates such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, and gluconic acid as biorefinery platform chemicals. Here, we review recent advances in the design and development of catalysts and processes for C5-C6 sugar reforming into chemical intermediates and products, and highlight the challenges of aqueous phase operation and catalyst evaluation, in addition to process considerations such as solvent and reactor selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Zhang
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Wilson
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Adam F Lee
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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Laurenti E, dos Santos Vianna Jr. A. Enzymatic microreactors in biocatalysis: history, features, and future perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/boca-2015-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrofluidic reaction devices are a very promising technology for chemical and biochemical processes. In microreactors, the micro dimensions, coupled with a high surface area/volume ratio, permit rapid heat exchange and mass transfer, resulting in higher reaction yields and reaction rates than in conventional reactors. Moreover, the lower energy consumption and easier separation of products permit these systems to have a lower environmental impact compared to macroscale, conventional reactors. Due to these benefits, the use of microreactors is increasing in the biocatalysis field, both by using enzymes in solution and their immobilized counterparts. Following an introduction to the most common applications of microreactors in chemical processes, a broad overview will be given of the latest applications in biocatalytic processes performed in microreactors with free or immobilized enzymes. In particular, attention is given to the nature of the materials used as a support for the enzymes and the strategies employed for their immobilization. Mathematical and engineering aspects concerning fluid dynamics in microreactors were also taken into account as fundamental factors for the optimization of these systems.
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Munirathinam R, Huskens J, Verboom W. Supported Catalysis in Continuous-Flow Microreactors. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Valinger D, Vrsalović Presečki A, Kurtanjek Ž, Pohl M, Findrik Blažević Z, Vasić-Rački Đ. Continuous enzymatic carboligation of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde in an enzyme ultrafiltration membrane reactor and laminar flow microreactors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Silva D, Azevedo A, Fernandes P, Chu V, Conde J, Aires-Barros M. Design of a microfluidic platform for monoclonal antibody extraction using an aqueous two-phase system. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1249:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal G. Anderson
- Anderson’s Process Solutions, 7400 Griffin Lane, Jacksonville, Oregon 97530, United States
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17
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Yara-Varón E, Eras Joli J, Balcells M, Torres M, Canela-Garayoa R. Synthesis of poly(ethyl acrylate-co-allyl acrylates) from acrylate mixtures prepared by a continuous solvent-free enzymatic process. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Immobilised enzyme microreactor for screening of multi-step bioconversions: Characterisation of a de novo transketolase-ω-transaminase pathway to synthesise chiral amino alcohols. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:320-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Enhancing the functional properties of thermophilic enzymes by chemical modification and immobilization. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:326-46. [PMID: 22112558 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of proteins (mostly typically enzymes) onto solid supports is mature technology and has been used successfully to enhance biocatalytic processes in a wide range of industrial applications. However, continued developments in immobilization technology have led to more sophisticated and specialized applications of the process. A combination of targeted chemistries, for both the support and the protein, sometimes in combination with additional chemical and/or genetic engineering, has led to the development of methods for the modification of protein functional properties, for enhancing protein stability and for the recovery of specific proteins from complex mixtures. In particular, the development of effective methods for immobilizing large multi-subunit proteins with multiple covalent linkages (multi-point immobilization) has been effective in stabilizing proteins where subunit dissociation is the initial step in enzyme inactivation. In some instances, multiple benefits are achievable in a single process. Here we comprehensively review the literature pertaining to immobilization and chemical modification of different enzyme classes from thermophiles, with emphasis on the chemistries involved and their implications for modification of the enzyme functional properties. We also highlight the potential for synergies in the combined use of immobilization and other chemical modifications.
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Bolivar JM, Wiesbauer J, Nidetzky B. Biotransformations in microstructured reactors: more than flowing with the stream? Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:333-42. [PMID: 21546108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Lipase immobilized microstructured fiber based flow-through microreactor for facile lipid transformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Matosevic S, Lye GJ, Baganz F. Design and characterization of a prototype enzyme microreactor: quantification of immobilized transketolase kinetics. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:118-26. [PMID: 19927318 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the design of an immobilized enzyme microreactor (IEMR) for use in transketolase (TK) bioconversion process characterization. The prototype microreactor is based on a 200-microm ID fused silica capillary for quantitative kinetic analysis. The concept is based on the reversible immobilization of His(6)-tagged enzymes via Ni-NTA linkage to surface derivatized silica. For the initial microreactor design, the mode of operation is a stop-flow analysis which promotes higher degrees of conversion. Kinetics for the immobilized TK-catalysed synthesis of L-erythrulose from substrates glycolaldehyde (GA) and hydroxypyruvate (HPA) were evaluated based on a Michaelis-Menten model. Results show that the TK kinetic parameters in the IEMR (V(max(app)) = 0.1 +/- 0.02 mmol min(-1), K(m(app)) = 26 +/- 4 mM) are comparable with those measured in free solution. Furthermore, the k(cat) for the microreactor of 4.1 x 10(5) s(-1) was close to the value for the bioconversion in free solution. This is attributed to the controlled orientation and monolayer surface coverage of the His(6)-immobilized TK. Furthermore, we show quantitative elution of the immobilized TK and the regeneration and reuse of the derivatized capillary over five cycles. The ability to quantify kinetic parameters of engineered enzymes at this scale has benefits for the rapid and parallel evaluation of evolved enzyme libraries for synthetic biology applications and for the generation of kinetic models to aid bioconversion process design and bioreactor selection as a more efficient alternative to previously established microwell-based systems for TK bioprocess characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matosevic
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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Chen SP, Yu XD, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Lab-on-a-chip for analysis of triglycerides based on a replaceable enzyme carrier using magnetic beads. Analyst 2010; 135:2979-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Liu X, Lo RC, Gomez FA. Fabrication of a microfluidic enzyme reactor utilizing magnetic beads. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2129-33. [PMID: 19582716 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-catalyzed microfluidic assay using magnetic micro-beads is described. Here, diaphorase (DI) (E.C. 1.6.99) is covalently attached to the magnetic micro-beads (2.7 mum) and integrated into a short section of a microchip fabricated from PDMS. DI converts non-fluorescent resazurin to fluorescent resorufin in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH). In this work, an embedded magnet holds the micro-beads in place within the microchannel while a solution of resazurin and NADH in buffer is flowed through the beads. Incorporation of the micro-beads into the microchannel requires only a few minutes and offers well-defined spatial resolution and reproducibility. At a flow rate of 41.2 microL/h, a stable state for the enzyme reaction in the microfluidic format was achieved within 50 s. The maximum conversion of the reaction was obtained at a concentration of 1.25 mM NADH. The reaction yield is affected by ZnCl(2) and at concentrations in excess of 90.0 mM, the activity of DI was almost double without ZnCl(2). At 5.2 mM potassium chloride, the activity of DI reached its maximum value. Overall, the conversion of resazurin in microfluidic format was more than twice than that in a batch assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8202, USA
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Schwarz A, Thomsen MS, Nidetzky B. Enzymatic synthesis of beta-glucosylglycerol using a continuous-flow microreactor containing thermostable beta-glycoside hydrolase CelB immobilized on coated microchannel walls. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:865-72. [PMID: 19350624 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
beta-Glucosylglycerol (betaGG) has potential applications as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic products. A stereochemically selective method of its synthesis is kinetically controlled enzymatic transglucosylation from a suitable donor substrate to glycerol as acceptor. Here, the thermostable beta-glycosidase CelB from Pyrococcus furiosus was used to develop a microstructured immobilized enzyme reactor for production of betaGG under conditions of continuous flow at 70 degrees C. Using CelB covalently attached onto coated microchannel walls to give an effective enzyme activity of 30 U per total reactor working volume of 25 microL, substrate conversion and formation of transglucosylation product was monitored in dependence of glucosyl donor (2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside (oNPGlc), 3.0 or 15 mM; cellobiose, 250 mM), the concentration of glycerol (0.25-1.0 M), and the average residence time (0.2-90 s). Glycerol caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the conversion of the glucosyl donor via hydrolysis and strongly suppressed participation of the substrate in the reaction as glucosyl acceptor. The yields of betaGG were > or =80% and approximately 60% based on oNPGlc and cellobiose converted, respectively, and maintained up to near exhaustion of substrate (> or =80%), giving about 120 mM (30 g/L) of betaGG from the reaction of cellobiose and 1 M glycerol. The structure of the transglucosylation products, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-rac-glycerol (79%) and 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (21%), was derived from NMR analysis of the product mixture of cellobiose conversion. The microstructured reactor showed conversion characteristics similar to those for a batchwise operated stirred reactor employing soluble CelB. The advantage of miniaturization to the microfluidic format lies in the fast characterization of full reaction time courses for a range of process conditions using only a minimum amount of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schwarz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Hickey AM, Ngamsom B, Wiles C, Greenway GM, Watts P, Littlechild JA. A microreactor for the study of biotransformations by a cross-linked γ-lactamase enzyme. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:510-6. [PMID: 19291707 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thomsen MS, Nidetzky B. Coated-wall microreactor for continuous biocatalytic transformations using immobilized enzymes. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:98-107. [PMID: 18618472 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malene S Thomsen
- Research Center Applied Biocatalysis, Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Wang Z, King TL, Branagan SP, Bohn PW. Enzymatic activity of surface-immobilized horseradish peroxidase confined to micrometer- to nanometer-scale structures in nanocapillary array membranes. Analyst 2009; 134:851-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b815590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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