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Castañeda MT, Nuñez S, Jamilis M, De Battista H. Computational assessment of lipid production in Rhodosporidium toruloides in two-stage and one-stage batch bioprocesses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:238-249. [PMID: 37902687 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts are promising platforms for microbial lipids production as a renewable and sustainable alternative to vegetable oils in biodiesel production. In this paper, a thorough in silico assessment of lipid production in batch cultivation by Rhodosporidium toruloides was developed. By means of dynamic flux balance analysis, the traditional two-stage bioprocess (TSB) performed by the native strain was contrasted with one-stage bioprocess (OSB) using four designed strains obtained by gene knockout strategies. Lipid titer, yield, content, and productivity were analyzed at different initial C/N ratios as relevant performance indicators used in bioprocesses. By weighting these indicators, a global lipid efficiency metric (GLEM) was defined to consider different scenarios. Under simulated conditions, designed strains for lipid overproduction in OSB outperformed the TSB in terms of lipid title (up to threefold), lipid yield (up to 2.4-fold), lipid content (up to 2.8-fold, with a maximum of 76%), and productivity (up to 1.3-fold), depending on C/N ratios. Using these efficiency parameters and the proposed GLEM, the process of selecting the most suitable candidates for lipid production could be carried out before experimental assays. This methodology holds the potential to be extended to other oleaginous microorganisms and diverse strain design techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresita Castañeda
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Nuñez
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín Jamilis
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hernán De Battista
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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2
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Sun H, Gao Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Gao M, Wang Q. A comprehensive review on microbial lipid production from wastes: research updates and tendencies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79654-79675. [PMID: 37328718 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids have recently attracted attention as an intriguing alternative for the biodiesel and oleochemical industries to achieve sustainable energy generation. However, large-scale lipid production remains limited due to the high processing costs. As multiple variables affect lipid synthesis, an up-to-date overview that will benefit researchers studying microbial lipids is necessary. In this review, the most studied keywords from bibliometric studies are first reviewed. Based on the results, the hot topics in the field were identified to be associated with microbiology studies that aim to enhance lipid synthesis and reduce production costs, focusing on the biological and metabolic engineering involved. The research updates and tendencies of microbial lipids were then analyzed in depth. In particular, feedstock and associated microbes, as well as feedstock and corresponding products, were analyzed in detail. Strategies for lipid biomass enhancement were also discussed, including feedstock adoption, value-added product synthesis, selection of oleaginous microbes, cultivation mode optimization, and metabolic engineering strategies. Finally, the environmental implications of microbial lipid production and possible research directions were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Tianjin, 301811, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China.
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Tianjin, 301811, China
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3
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Sun H, Yang M, Gao Z, Wang X, Wu C, Wang Q, Gao M. Economic and environmental evaluation for a closed loop of crude glycerol bioconversion to biodiesel. J Biotechnol 2023; 366:65-71. [PMID: 36907357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, was utilized as a carbon source to produce microbial lipids by the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides in this study. The maximum lipid production and lipid content were 10.56 g/L and 49.52%, respectively, by optimizing fermentation conditions. The obtained biodiesel met the standards of China, the United States, and the European Union. The economic value of biodiesel produced from crude glycerol increased by 48% compared with the sale of crude glycerol. In addition, biodiesel production from crude glycerol could reduce 11,928 tons of carbon dioxide emissions and 55 tons of sulfur dioxide emissions. This study provides a strategy for a closed loop of crude glycerol to biofuel and ensures sustainable and stable development of the biodiesel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China.
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4
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Xue SJ, Li XC, Huang X, Liu J, Li Y, Zhang XT, Zhang JY. Diversity investigation of cultivable yeasts associated with honeycombs and identification of a novel Rhodotorula toruloides strain with the robust concomitant production of lipid and carotenoid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128573. [PMID: 36603754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts-derived microbial lipids provide a promising alternative feedstock for the biodiesel industry. However, hyperosmotic stress caused by high sugar concentration during fermentation significantly prevents high cell density and productivity. Isolation of new robust osmophilic oleaginous species from specific environment possibly resolves this issue to some extent. In this study, the cultivable yeast composition of honeycombs was investigated. Totally, 11 species of honeycomb-associated cultivable yeast were identified and characterized. Among them, an osmophilic yeast strain, designated as Rhodotorula toruloides C23 was featured with excellent lipogenic and carotenogenic capacity and remarkable cell growth using glucose, xylose or glycerol as feedstock, with simultaneous production of 24.41 g/L of lipids and 15.50 mg/L of carotenoids from 120 g/L glucose in 6.7-L fermentation. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that C23 had evolved a dedicated molecular regulation mechanism to maintain their high simultaneous accumulation of intracellular lipids and carotenoids and cell growth under high sugar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xin-Tong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Soccol CR, Colonia BSO, de Melo Pereira GV, Mamani LDG, Karp SG, Thomaz Soccol V, Penha RDO, Dalmas Neto CJ, César de Carvalho J. Bioprospecting lipid-producing microorganisms: From metagenomic-assisted isolation techniques to industrial application and innovations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126455. [PMID: 34863851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, lipid-producing microorganisms have been obtained via conventional bioprospecting based on isolation and screening techniques, demanding time and effort. Thus, high-throughput sequencing combined with conventional microbiological approaches has emerged as an advanced and rapid strategy for recovering novel oleaginous microorganisms from target environments. This review highlights recent developments in lipid-producing microorganism bioprospecting, following (i) from traditional cultivation techniques to state-of-the-art metagenomics approaches; (ii) related topics on workflow, next-generation sequencing platforms, and knowledge bioinformatics; and (iii) biotechnological potential of the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Aurantiochytrium limacinum, arachidonic acid (ARA) by Mortierella alpina and biodiesel by Rhodosporidium toruloides. These three species have been shown to be highly promising and studied in research articles, patents and commercialized products. Trends, innovations and future perspectives of these microorganisms are also addressed. Thus, these microbial lipids allow the development of food, feed and biofuels as alternative solutions to animal and vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luis Daniel Goyzueta Mamani
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Dalmas Neto
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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6
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Zhao Y, Song B, Li J, Zhang J. Rhodotorula toruloides: an ideal microbial cell factory to produce oleochemicals, carotenoids, and other products. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 38:13. [PMID: 34873661 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Requirement of clean energy sources urges us to find substitutes for fossil fuels. Microorganisms provide an option to produce feedstock for biofuel production by utilizing inexpensive, renewable biomass. Rhodotorula toruloides (Rhodosporidium toruloides), a non-conventional oleaginous yeast, can accumulate intracellular lipids (single cell oil, SCO) more than 70% of its cell dry weight. At present, the SCO-based biodiesel is not a price-competitive fuel to the petroleum diesel. Many efforts are made to cut the cost of SCO by strengthening the performance of genetically modified R. toruloides strains and by valorization of low-cost biomass, including crude glycerol, lignocellulosic hydrolysates, food and agro waste, wastewater, and volatile fatty acids. Besides, optimization of fermentation and SCO recovery processes are carefully studied as well. Recently, new R. toruloides strains are developed via metabolic engineering and synthetic biology methods to produce value-added chemicals, such as sesquiterpenes, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, carotenoids, and building block chemicals. This review summarizes recent advances in the main aspects of R. toruloides studies, namely, construction of strains with new traits, valorization of low-cost biomass, process detection and optimization, and product recovery. In general, R. toruloides is a promising microbial cell factory for production of biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Baocai Song
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China. .,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
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7
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Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Fu R, Zhang T, Li J, Zhang J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of a Rhodotorula color mutant to improve its lipid productivity in fed-batch fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:77. [PMID: 33792794 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipids produced by oleaginous microorganisms enrich the supply of feedstock for bio-fuel. In this study, a mutant (Mut) obtained by UV-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis turned its colony color from orange-red to light-yellow and showed higher lipid productivity at 37 °C than the original strain Rhodotorula sp. U13N3 (Rht) in the glycerol medium. The metabolic changes between Mut and Rht in batch fermentation were investigated by transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling at the biomass accumulation (30 h) and lipid production (96 h) stages. The average base number in each strain was 5.80 × 109 ± 0.38 × 109 bp (mean ± SD) with 62.43% ± 0.13% GC ratio, and 7499 unigenes were assembled after Illumina sequencing. Moreover, 33 metabolites were quantified by 1H NMR-based profiling. The multi-omics results demonstrated that Mut showed increased glycerol transport and utilization capabilities especially at the first stage (30 h). Then the carbon flux shifted from the TCA cycle to lipid production (96 h). The increased lipid productivity of Mut was partially attributed to the down-regulation of mannitol biosynthesis. However, the mechanism for color change was elusive. At 96 h, the low level of cytosol glycerol probably restricted the lipid production. As a result, supplementation of glycerol in fed-batch fermentation remarkably improved the biomass, lipid production, and lipid content to 34.60 g/L, 25.72 g/L, and 74.3% (w/w dcw), respectively. The cell morphology implied that excessively prolonging the fermentation time was detrimental to the final lipid yield due to cell breakage. In conclusion, the Rhodotorula mutant provided a candidate strain for lipid production with glycerol as the carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Renjie Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China. .,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
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8
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Santala S, Santala V, Liu N, Stephanopoulos G. Partitioning metabolism between growth and product synthesis for coordinated production of wax esters in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2283-2292. [PMID: 33666232 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microbial storage compounds, such as wax esters (WE), are potential high-value lipids for the production of specialty chemicals and medicines. Their synthesis, however, is strictly regulated and competes with cell growth, which leads to trade-offs between biomass and product formation. Here, we use metabolic engineering and synergistic substrate cofeeding to partition the metabolism of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 into two distinct modules, each dedicated to cell growth and WE biosynthesis, respectively. We first blocked the glyoxylate shunt and upregulated the WE synthesis pathway to direct the acetate substrate exclusively for WE synthesis, then we controlled the supply of gluconate so it could be used exclusively for cell growth and maintenance. We show that the two modules are functionally independent from each other, allowing efficient lipid accumulation while maintaining active cell growth. Our strategy resulted in 7.2- and 4.2-fold improvements in WE content and productivity, respectively, and the product titer was enhanced by 8.3-fold over the wild type strain. Notably, during a 24-h cultivation, a yield of 18% C-WE/C-total-substrates was achieved, being the highest reported for WE biosynthesis. This study provides a simple, yet powerful, means of controlling cellular operations and overcoming some of the fundamental challenges in microbial storage lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Santala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Santala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Kamal R, Liu Y, Li Q, Huang Q, Wang Q, Yu X, Zhao ZK. Exogenous l-proline improved Rhodosporidium toruloides lipid production on crude glycerol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:159. [PMID: 32944075 PMCID: PMC7490893 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crude glycerol as a promising feedstock for microbial lipid production contains several impurities that make it toxic stress inducer at high amount. Under stress conditions, microorganisms can accumulate l-proline as a safeguard. Herein, l-proline was assessed as an anti-stress agent in crude glycerol media. RESULTS Crude glycerol was converted to microbial lipids by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides CGMCC 2.1389 in a two-staged culture mode. The media was supplied with exogenous l-proline to improve lipid production efficiency in high crude glycerol stress. An optimal amount of 0.5 g/L l-proline increased lipid titer and lipid yield by 34% and 28%, respectively. The lipid titer of 12.2 g/L and lipid content of 64.5% with a highest lipid yield of 0.26 g/g were achieved with l-proline addition, which were far higher than those of the control, i.e., lipid titer of 9.1 g/L, lipid content of 58% and lipid yield of 0.21 g/g. Similarly, l-proline also improved cell growth and glycerol consumption. Moreover, fatty acid compositional profiles of the lipid products was found suitable as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that exogenous l-proline improved cell growth and lipid production on crude glycerol by R. toruloides. The fact that higher lipid yield as well as glycerol consumption indicated that l-proline might act as a potential anti-stress agent for the oleaginous yeast strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Kamal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qitian Huang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Kaur J, Sarma AK, Jha MK, Gera P. Valorisation of crude glycerol to value-added products: Perspectives of process technology, economics and environmental issues. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 27:e00487. [PMID: 32642454 PMCID: PMC7334398 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The enormous production of glycerol, a waste stream from biodiesel industries, as a low-value product has been causing a threat to both the environment and the economy. Therefore, it needs to be transformed effectively and efficiently into valued products for contributing positively towards the biodiesel economy. It can either be converted directly into competent chemicals or can be used as a feedstock/precursor for deriving valuable derivatives. In this review article, a technical evaluation has been stirred up, various factors and technologies used for producing value-added products from crude glycerol, Environmental and economic aspects of different conversion routes, cost factors and challenges of integration of the different routes for biorefinery have been reviewed and elaborated. There are tremendous environmental benefits in the conversion of crude glycerol via the biochemical route, the product and residue become eco-friendly. However, chemical conversions are faster processes, and economically viable if environmental aspects are partially ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sarma
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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11
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Diamantopoulou P, Filippousi R, Antoniou D, Varfi E, Xenopoulos E, Sarris D, Papanikolaou S. Production of added-value microbial metabolites during growth of yeast strains on media composed of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol and glycerol/xylose blends. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5818764. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A total of 11 yeast strains of Yarrowia lipolytica, Metschnikowia sp., Rhodotorula sp. and Rhodosporidium toruloides were grown under nitrogen-limited conditions with crude glycerol employed as substrate in shake flasks, presenting interesting dry cell weight (DCW) production. Three of these strains belonging to Metschnikowia sp. accumulated significant quantities of endopolysaccharides (i.e. the strain V.V.-D4 produced 11.0 g/L of endopolysaccharides, with polysaccharides in DCW ≈ 63% w/w). A total of six Y. lipolytica strains produced either citric acid or mannitol. Most of the screened yeasts presented somehow elevated lipid and polysaccharides in DCW values at the early steps of growth despite nitrogen appearance in the fermentation medium. Lipid in DCW values decreased as growth proceeded. R. toruloides DSM 4444 cultivated on media presenting higher glycerol concentrations presented interesting lipid-accumulating capacities (maximum lipid = 12.5 g/L, maximum lipid in DCW = 43.0–46.0% w/w, conversion yield on glycerol = 0.16 g/g). Replacement of crude glycerol by xylose resulted in somehow decreased lipid accumulation. In xylose/glycerol mixtures, xylose was more rapidly assimilated from glycerol. R. toruloides total lipids were mainly composed of triacylglycerols. Total cellular fatty acid composition on xylose presented some differences compared with that on glycerol. Cellular lipids contained mainly oleic and palmitic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Diamantopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
| | - Rosanina Filippousi
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Antoniou
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Varfi
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Xenopoulos
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Sarris
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou street, 14123 – Lykovryssi, Attiki Greece
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 – Athens, Greece
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12
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Karamerou EE, Webb C. Cultivation modes for microbial oil production using oleaginous yeasts – A review. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Russmayer H, Egermeier M, Kalemasi D, Sauer M. Spotlight on biodiversity of microbial cell factories for glycerol conversion. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Guo M, Cheng S, Chen G, Chen J. Improvement of lipid production in oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides by ultraviolet mutagenesis. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:548-556. [PMID: 32625031 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides AS 2.1389 is viewed as desirable industrial microorganisms that can accumulate a high content of lipids for biodiesel production. In this study, we attempted to improve lipid accumulation in the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides by UV irradiation mutagenesis and selection based on lithium chloride tolerance or ethanol-H2O2 tolerance. The biomass concentration, lipid yield and glucose consumption of mutant R. toruloides were determined. The transcription levels of lipid accumulation-related genes in the wild-type and mutant strains were also determined. The lithium chloride-tolerant strain R-ZL2 and the ethanol-H2O2-resistant strain R-ZY13 were generated by UV mutagenesis. The two mutant strains showed greater lipid productivity and lipid yield compared to the wild type. Transcriptional analysis revealed that IDP1, GPD1 and GND were expressed at significantly higher levels in the two high-lipid-producing mutants. In conclusion, lipid productivity and lipid yield in R. toruloides were successfully improved via UV mutagenesis and selection. We also identified some lipid accumulation-related genes for improving lipid productivity through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Guo
- College of Food Shihezi University Shihezi P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Cheng
- College of Food Shihezi University Shihezi P. R. China
| | - Guogang Chen
- College of Food Shihezi University Shihezi P. R. China
| | - Jiluan Chen
- College of Food Shihezi University Shihezi P. R. China
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15
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Schmitz R, Sabra W, Arbter P, Hong Y, Utesch T, Zeng AP. Improved electrocompetence and metabolic engineering of Clostridium pasteurianum reveals a new regulation pattern of glycerol fermentation. Eng Life Sci 2018; 19:412-422. [PMID: 32625019 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium pasteurianum produces industrially valuable chemicals such as n-butanol and 1,3-propanediol from fermentations of glycerol and glucose. Metabolic engineering for increased yields of selective compounds is not well established in this microorganism. In order to study carbon fluxes and to selectively increase butanol yields, we integrated the latest advances in genome editing to obtain an electrocompetent Clostridium pasteurianum strain for further engineering. Deletion of the glycerol dehydratase large subunit (dhaB) using an adapted S. pyogenes Type II CRISPR/Cas9 nickase system resulted in a 1,3-propanediol-deficient mutant producing butanol as the main product. Surprisingly, the mutant was able to grow on glycerol as the sole carbon source. In spite of reduced growth, butanol yields were highly increased. Metabolic flux analysis revealed an important role of the newly identified electron bifurcation pathway for crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA conversion in the regulation of redox balance. Compared to the parental strain, the electron bifurcation pathway flux of the dhaB mutant increased from 8 to 46% of the overall flux from crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA and butanol, indicating a new, 1,3-propanediol-independent pattern of glycerol fermentation in Clostridium pasteurianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schmitz
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
| | - Wael Sabra
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
| | - Philipp Arbter
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
| | - Yaeseong Hong
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
| | - Tyll Utesch
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
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Tang M, Zhou W, Liu Y, Yan J, Gong Z. A two-stage process facilitating microbial lipid production from N-acetylglucosamine by Cryptococcus curvatus cultured under non-sterile conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 258:255-262. [PMID: 29533885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), the monomeric constituent of chitin, is rarely studied for lipid production by oleaginous species. This study demonstrated that Cryptococcus curvatus had a great capacity to convert GlcNAc into lipid with high yield using a two-stage production process. Optimal inoculum age and inoculation size strongly improved the two-stage lipid production efficiency. More interestingly, this process rendered superior lipid production under non-sterile condition. The acetate liberated from GlcNAc was consumed timely, while the NH4+ released was rarely assimilated. Lipid titre, lipid content and lipid yield reached 9.9 g/L, 56.9% and 0.23 g/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those from the conventional process where cell growth and lipid accumulation were coupled. The resulting lipid samples had similar fatty acid compositional profiles to those of vegetable oil, suggesting their potential for biodiesel production. These findings strongly supported the two-stage process as an attractive strategy for better techno-economics of the chitin-to-biodiesel routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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Athenaki M, Gardeli C, Diamantopoulou P, Tchakouteu S, Sarris D, Philippoussis A, Papanikolaou S. Lipids from yeasts and fungi: physiology, production and analytical considerations. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:336-367. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Athenaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - C. Gardeli
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - P. Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi; Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products; Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’; Lycovryssi Greece
| | - S.S. Tchakouteu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - D. Sarris
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - A. Philippoussis
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi; Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products; Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’; Lycovryssi Greece
| | - S. Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
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18
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High lipids accumulation in Rhodosporidium toruloides by applying single and multiple nutrients limitation in a simple chemically defined medium. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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19
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Papanikolaou S, Kampisopoulou E, Blanchard F, Rondags E, Gardeli C, Koutinas AA, Chevalot I, Aggelis G. Production of secondary metabolites through glycerol fermentation under carbon-excess conditions by the yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica
and Rhodosporidium toruloides. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
- Laboratoire Réactions Génie des Procédés (LRGP-CNRS UMR 7274); Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Eleni Kampisopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Fabrice Blanchard
- Laboratoire Réactions Génie des Procédés (LRGP-CNRS UMR 7274); Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Emmanuel Rondags
- Laboratoire Réactions Génie des Procédés (LRGP-CNRS UMR 7274); Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Chryssavgi Gardeli
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Apostolis A. Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Isabelle Chevalot
- Laboratoire Réactions Génie des Procédés (LRGP-CNRS UMR 7274); Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - George Aggelis
- Unit of Microbiology; Department of Biology; Division of Genetics, Cell, and Development Biology; University of Patras; Patras Greece
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20
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Xu J, Liu D. Exploitation of genus Rhodosporidium for microbial lipid production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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