1
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Makrydaki E, Donini R, Krueger A, Royle K, Moya Ramirez I, Kuntz DA, Rose DR, Haslam SM, Polizzi KM, Kontoravdi C. Immobilized enzyme cascade for targeted glycosylation. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:732-741. [PMID: 38321209 PMCID: PMC11142912 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical post-translational protein modification that affects folding, half-life and functionality. Glycosylation is a non-templated and heterogeneous process because of the promiscuity of the enzymes involved. We describe a platform for sequential glycosylation reactions for tailored sugar structures (SUGAR-TARGET) that allows bespoke, controlled N-linked glycosylation in vitro enabled by immobilized enzymes produced with a one-step immobilization/purification method. We reconstruct a reaction cascade mimicking a glycosylation pathway where promiscuity naturally exists to humanize a range of proteins derived from different cellular systems, yielding near-homogeneous glycoforms. Immobilized β-1,4-galactosyltransferase is used to enhance the galactosylation profile of three IgGs, yielding 80.2-96.3% terminal galactosylation. Enzyme recycling is demonstrated for a reaction time greater than 80 h. The platform is easy to implement, modular and reusable and can therefore produce homogeneous glycan structures derived from various hosts for functional and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Makrydaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Donini
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Krueger
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Royle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Moya Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Douglas A Kuntz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Rose
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karen M Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Barlan K, Bhide GP, White DR, Lake MR, Lu C, Rieder SE, Fan L, Hsieh CL. Genome-scale functional genomics screening highlights genes impacting protein fucosylation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:52-58. [PMID: 37844762 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that has various effects on multiple types of proteins. The extent to which an N-linked glycoprotein is modified and the identity of glycans species involved is of great interest to the biopharmaceutical industry, since glycosylation can impact the efficacy and safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs lacking core fucose, for example, display enhanced clinical efficacy through increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the workhorse cell culture system for industrial production of mAbs, aimed at identifying novel regulators of protein fucosylation. Using a lectin binding assay, we identified 224 gene perturbations that significantly alter protein fucosylation, including well-known glycosylation genes. This functional genomics framework could readily be extended and applied to study the genetic pathways involved in regulation of other glycoforms. We hope this resource will provide useful guidance toward the development of next generation CHO cell lines and mAb therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Barlan
- Genomics Research Center, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gaurang P Bhide
- Biologics Analytical Research and Development, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Derek R White
- Biologics Production, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marc R Lake
- Biologics Production, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles Lu
- Genomics Research Center, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie E Rieder
- Biologics Science and Technology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lianchun Fan
- Biologics Science and Technology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Chen-Lin Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, North Chicago, IL, United States.
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3
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Kiyoshi M, Nakakido M, Rafique A, Tada M, Aoyama M, Terao Y, Nagatoishi S, Shibata H, Ide T, Tsumoto K, Ito Y, Ishii-Watabe A. Specific peptide conjugation to a therapeutic antibody leads to enhanced therapeutic potency and thermal stability by reduced Fc dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16561. [PMID: 37783706 PMCID: PMC10545826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are powerful tools for combatting a wide array of cancers. Drug conjugation to a therapeutic antibody often alters molecular characteristics, such as hydrophobicity and effector function, resulting in quality deterioration. To develop a drug conjugation methodology that maintains the molecular characteristics of the antibody, we engineered a specific peptide for conjugation to the Fc region. We used trastuzumab and the chelator (DOTA) as model antibody and payload, respectively. Interestingly, peptide/DOTA-conjugated trastuzumab exhibited enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and increased thermal stability. Detailed structural and thermodynamic analysis clarified that the conjugated peptide blocks the Fc dynamics like a "wedge." We revealed that (1) decreased molecular entropy results in enhanced ADCC, and (2) blockade of Fc denaturation results in increased thermal stability. Thus, we believe that our methodology is superior not only for drug conjugation but also as for reinforcing therapeutic antibodies to enhance ADCC and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kiyoshi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdur Rafique
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michihiko Aoyama
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shibata
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Baghini SS, Razeghian E, Malayer SK, Pecho RDC, Obaid M, Awfi ZS, Zainab HA, Shamsara M. Recent advances in the application of genetic and epigenetic modalities in the improvement of antibody-producing cell lines. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110724. [PMID: 37582312 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous applications for recombinant antibodies (rAbs) in biological and toxicological research. Monoclonal antibodies are synthesized using genetic engineering and other related processes involved in the generation of rAbs. Because they can identify specific antigenic sites on practically any molecule, including medicines, hormones, microbial antigens, and cell receptors, rAbs are particularly useful in scientific research. The key benefits of rAbs are improved repeatability, control, and consistency, shorter manufacturing times than with hybridoma technology, an easier transition from one format of antibody to another, and an animal-free process. The engineering of the host cell has recently been developed method for enhancing the production efficiency and improving the quality of antibodies from mammalian cell lines. In this light, genetic engineering is mostly utilized to manage cellular chaperones, decrease cell death, increase cell viability, change the microRNAs (miRNAs) pattern in mammalian cells, and glycoengineered cell lines. Here, we shed light on how genetic engineering can be used therapeutically to produce antibodies at higher levels with greater potency and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shojaei Baghini
- Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Razeghian
- Human Genetics Division, Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Setare Kakavand Malayer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Zinah Salem Awfi
- Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq.
| | - H A Zainab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Kalkan AK, Palaz F, Sofija S, Elmousa N, Ledezma Y, Cachat E, Rios-Solis L. Improving recombinant protein production in CHO cells using the CRISPR-Cas system. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108115. [PMID: 36758652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are among the most widely used mammalian cell lines in the biopharmaceutical industry. Therefore, it is not surprising that significant efforts have been made around the engineering of CHO cells using genetic engineering methods such as the CRISPR-Cas system. In this review, we summarize key recent studies that have used different CRISPR-Cas systems such as Cas9, Cas13 or dCas9 fused with effector domains to improve recombinant protein (r-protein) production in CHO cells. Here, every relevant stage of production was considered, underscoring the advantages and limitations of these systems, as well as discussing their bottlenecks and probable solutions. A special emphasis was given on how these systems could disrupt and/or regulate genes related to glycan composition, which has relevant effects over r-protein properties and in vivo activity. Furthermore, the related promising future applications of CRISPR to achieve a tunable, reversible, or highly stable editing of CHO cells are discussed. Overall, the studies covered in this review show that despite the complexity of mammalian cells, the synthetic biology community has developed many mature strategies to improve r-protein production using CHO cells. In this regard, CRISPR-Cas technology clearly provides efficient and flexible genetic manipulation and allows for the generation of more productive CHO cell lines, leading to more cost-efficient production of biopharmaceuticals, however, there is still a need for many emerging techniques in CRISPR to be reported in CHO cells; therefore, more research in these cells is needed to realize the full potential of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kerem Kalkan
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Turkey
| | - Fahreddin Palaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Semeniuk Sofija
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Nada Elmousa
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Yuri Ledezma
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK; Biology Department, Faculty of Pure and Natural Sciences, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | - Elise Cachat
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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6
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A rapid 2AB-UHPLC method based on magnetic beads extraction for N-glycan analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibody. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1192:123139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Liao C, An J, Yi S, Tan Z, Wang H, Li H, Guan X, Liu J, Wang Q. FUT8 and Protein Core Fucosylation in Tumours: From Diagnosis to Treatment. J Cancer 2021; 12:4109-4120. [PMID: 34093814 PMCID: PMC8176256 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation changes are key molecular events in tumorigenesis, progression and glycosyltransferases play a vital role in the this process. FUT8 belongs to the fucosyltransferase family and is the key enzyme involved in N-glycan core fucosylation. FUT8 and/or core fucosylated proteins are frequently upregulated in liver, lung, colorectal, pancreas, prostate,breast, oral cavity, oesophagus, and thyroid tumours, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme and downregulated in gastric cancer. They can be used as markers of cancer diagnosis, occurrence, progression and prognosis. Core fucosylated EGFR, TGFBR, E-cadherin, PD1/PD-L1 and α3β1 integrin are potential targets for tumour therapy. In addition, IGg1 antibody defucosylation can improve antibody affinity, which is another aspect of FUT8 that could be applied to tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Suqin Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhangxue Tan
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hao Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.,Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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8
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Leng JX, Ren WW, Li Y, Yang G, Gao XD, Fujita M. Cell engineering for the production of hybrid-type N-glycans in HEK293 cells. J Biochem 2021; 170:139-151. [PMID: 33878161 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein therapeutics are among the leading products in the biopharmaceutical industry. The heterogeneity of glycans in therapeutic proteins is an issue for maintaining quality, activity, and safety during bioprocessing. In this study, we knocked out genes encoding Golgi α-mannosidase-II, MAN2A1 and MAN2A2 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, establishing an M2D-KO cell line that can produce recombinant proteins mainly with hybrid-type N-glycans. Furthermore, FUT8, which encodes α1,6-fucosyltransferase, was knocked out in the M2D-KO cell line, establishing a DF-KO cell line that can express non-core fucosylated hybrid-type N-glycans. Two recombinant proteins, lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and constant fragment (Fc) of human IgG1, were expressed in the M2D-KO and DF-KO cell lines. Glycan structural analysis revealed that complex-type N-glycans were removed in both M2D-KO and DF-KO cells. Our results suggest that these cell lines are suitable for the production of therapeutic proteins with hybrid-type N-glycans. Moreover, KO cell lines would be useful as models for researching the mechanism of antimetastatic effects in human tumors by swainsonine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiong Leng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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9
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Sha S, Handelman G, Liu N, Xie D, Yoon S. At-line N-linked glycan profiling for monoclonal antibodies with advanced sample preparation and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:327-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Liu W, Padmashali R, Monzon OQ, Lundberg D, Jin S, Dwyer B, Lee YJ, Korde A, Park S, Pan C, Zhang B. Generation of FX -/- and Gmds -/- CHOZN host cell lines for the production of afucosylated therapeutic antibodies. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3061. [PMID: 32748555 PMCID: PMC7988551 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is the primary mechanism of actions for several marketed therapeutic antibodies (mAbs) and for many more in clinical trials. The ADCC efficacy is highly dependent on the ability of therapeutic mAbs to recruit effector cells such as natural killer cells, which induce the apoptosis of targeted cells. The recruitment of effector cells by mAbs is negatively affected by fucose modification of N‐Glycans on the Fc; thus, utilization of afucosylated mAbs has been a trend for enhanced ADCC therapeutics. Most of afucosylated mAbs in clinical or commercial manufacturing were produced from Fut8−/− Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) host cells, generally generating low yields compared to wildtype CHO host. This study details the generation and characterization of two engineered CHOZN® cell lines, in which the enzyme involved in guanosine diphosphate (GDP)‐fucose synthesis, GDP mannose‐4,6‐dehydratase (Gmds) and GDP‐L‐fucose synthase (FX), was knocked out. The top host cell lines for each of the knockouts, FX−/− and Gmds−/−, were selected based on growth robustness, bulk MSX selection tolerance, production titer, fucosylation level, and cell stability. We tested the production of two proprietary IgG1 mAbs in the engineered host cells, and found that the titers were comparable to CHOZN® cells. The mAbs generated from either KO cell line exhibited loss of fucose modification, leading to significantly boosted FcγRIIIa binding and ADCC effects. Our data demonstrated that both FX−/− and Gmds−/− host cells could replace Fut8−/− CHO cells for clinical manufacturing of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Liu
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roshan Padmashali
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Omar Quintero Monzon
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dianna Lundberg
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shan Jin
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Dwyer
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yun-Jung Lee
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anisha Korde
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sophia Park
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clark Pan
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bohong Zhang
- Rare Disease Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Antibody glycosylation: impact on antibody drug characteristics and quality control. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1905-1914. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Schweickert PG, Cheng Z. Application of Genetic Engineering in Biotherapeutics Development. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Klanert G, Fernandez DJ, Weinguny M, Eisenhut P, Bühler E, Melcher M, Titus SA, Diendorfer AB, Gludovacz E, Jadhav V, Xiao S, Stern B, Lal M, Shiloach J, Borth N. A cross-species whole genome siRNA screen in suspension-cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells identifies novel engineering targets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8689. [PMID: 31213643 PMCID: PMC6582146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput siRNA screens were only recently applied to cell factories to identify novel engineering targets which are able to boost cells towards desired phenotypes. While siRNA libraries exist for model organisms such as mice, no CHO-specific library is publicly available, hindering the application of this technique to CHO cells. The optimization of these cells is of special interest, as they are the main host for the production of therapeutic proteins. Here, we performed a cross-species approach by applying a mouse whole-genome siRNA library to CHO cells, optimized the protocol for suspension cultured cells, as this is the industrial practice for CHO cells, and developed an in silico method to identify functioning siRNAs, which also revealed the limitations of using cross-species libraries. With this method, we were able to identify several genes that, upon knockdown, enhanced the total productivity in the primary screen. A second screen validated two of these genes, Rad21 and Chd4, whose knockdown was tested in additional CHO cell lines, confirming the induced high productivity phenotype, but also demonstrating the cell line/clone specificity of engineering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Klanert
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marcus Weinguny
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Eisenhut
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugen Bühler
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Melcher
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven A Titus
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Su Xiao
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beate Stern
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- UniTargetingResearch AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Madhu Lal
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Chang MM, Gaidukov L, Jung G, Tseng WA, Scarcelli JJ, Cornell R, Marshall JK, Lyles JL, Sakorafas P, Chu AHA, Cote K, Tzvetkova B, Dolatshahi S, Sumit M, Mulukutla BC, Lauffenburger DA, Figueroa B, Summers NM, Lu TK, Weiss R. Small-molecule control of antibody N-glycosylation in engineered mammalian cells. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:730-736. [PMID: 31110306 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is crucial for structural and functional properties of mAb therapeutics, including stability, pharmacokinetics, safety and clinical efficacy. The biopharmaceutical industry currently lacks tools to precisely control N-glycosylation levels during mAb production. In this study, we engineered Chinese hamster ovary cells with synthetic genetic circuits to tune N-glycosylation of a stably expressed IgG. We knocked out two key glycosyltransferase genes, α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4GALT1), genomically integrated circuits expressing synthetic glycosyltransferase genes under constitutive or inducible promoters and generated antibodies with concurrently desired fucosylation (0-97%) and galactosylation (0-87%) levels. Simultaneous and independent control of FUT8 and β4GALT1 expression was achieved using orthogonal small molecule inducers. Effector function studies confirmed that glycosylation profile changes affected antibody binding to a cell surface receptor. Precise and rational modification of N-glycosylation will allow new recombinant protein therapeutics with tailored in vitro and in vivo effects for various biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Chang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leonid Gaidukov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giyoung Jung
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wen Allen Tseng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Richard Cornell
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Marshall
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Lyles
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - An-Hsiang Adam Chu
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Kaffa Cote
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Madhuresh Sumit
- Culture Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Bhanu Chandra Mulukutla
- Culture Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Figueroa
- Culture Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Nevin M Summers
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Raab N, Mathias S, Alt K, Handrick R, Fischer S, Schmieder V, Jadhav V, Borth N, Otte K. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of MicroRNA-744 Improves Antibody Titer of CHO Production Cell Lines. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800477. [PMID: 30802343 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that serve as versatile molecular engineering tools to improve production cells by overexpression or knockdown of miRNAs showing beneficial or adverse effects on cell-culture performance. The genomic knockout (KO) of noncoding RNAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells has not been reported. However, given the significant number of miRNAs showing negative effects on CHO-bioprocess performance and the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas9), genome editing tools facilitate precise optimization of CHO cells via modulation of noncoding RNAs. In a previous high-content miRNA screen, miR-744 was identified as a potential target associated with reduced productivity. Hence, the genomic miR-744 precursor sequence is deleted by two single guide RNA (sgRNA)-Cas9-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) flanking the miR-744 locus. After fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), clonal miR-744 KO cell lines are recovered and three of them are confirmed as miR-744 KOs. Impacts of CRISPR/Cas9 editing are characterized at the genetic, transcript, and phenotypic levels. During batch cultivation, antibody titers of miR-744 KOs are significantly increased to 190-311 mg L-1 compared to a nontargeting (NT) sgRNA transfected clonal control with 156 mg L-1 , pointing towards the potential of miRNA KO for cell line engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Raab
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Sven Mathias
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Kerstin Alt
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
- Genetikum, Wegenerstraße 15, Neu-Ulm, 89231, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Cell Line Development CMB, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach, 88397, Germany
| | - Valerie Schmieder
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- BOKU Vienna, Institute of Biotechnology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
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16
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Yuan Y, Zong H, Bai J, Han L, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xu C, Zhu J, Zhang B. Bioprocess development of a stable FUT8 -/--CHO cell line to produce defucosylated anti-HER2 antibody. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1263-1271. [PMID: 30982137 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of defucosylated therapeutic antibodies have been applied in clinical practices due to their better efficacy compared to fucosylated counterparts. The establishment of stable and clonal manufacturing cell lines is the basis of therapeutic antibodies production. Bioprocess development of a new cell line is necessary for its future applications in the biopharmaceutical industry. We engineered a stable cell line expressing defucosylated anti-HER2 antibody based on an established α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene knockout CHO-S cell line. The optimization of medium and feed was evaluated in a small-scale culture system. Then the optimal medium and feed were scaled up in a bioreactor system. After fed-batch culture over 13 days, we evaluated the cell growth, antibody yield, glycan compositions and bioactivities. The production of anti-HER2 antibody from the FUT8 gene knockout CHO-S cells in the bioreactor increased by 37% compared to the shake flask system. The N-glycan profile of the produced antibody was consistent between the bioreactor and shake flask system. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of the defucosylated antibody increased 14-fold compared to the wild-type antibody, which was the same as our previous results. The results of our bioprocess development demonstrated that the engineered cell line could be developed to a biopharmaceutical industrial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Zhao M, Wang J, Luo M, Luo H, Zhao M, Han L, Zhang M, Yang H, Xie Y, Jiang H, Feng L, Lu H, Zhu J. Rapid development of stable transgene CHO cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated site-specific integration into C12orf35. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6105-6117. [PMID: 29789882 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used mammalian hosts for recombinant protein production. However, by conventional random integration strategy, development of a high-expressing and stable recombinant CHO cell line has always been a difficult task due to the heterogenic insertion and its caused requirement of multiple rounds of selection. Site-specific integration of transgenes into CHO hot spots is an ideal strategy to overcome these challenges since it can generate isogenic cell lines with consistent productivity and stability. In this study, we investigated three sites with potential high transcriptional activities: C12orf35, HPRT, and GRIK1, to determine the possible transcriptional hot spots in CHO cells, and further construct a reliable site-specific integration strategy to develop recombinant cell lines efficiently. Genes encoding representative proteins mCherry and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody were targeted into these three loci respectively through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Stable cell lines were generated successfully after a single round of selection. In comparison with a random integration control, all the targeted integration cell lines showed higher productivity, among which C12orf35 locus was the most advantageous in both productivity and cell line stability. Binding affinity and N-glycan analysis of the antibody revealed that all batches of product were of similar quality independent on integrated sites. Deep sequencing demonstrated that there was low level of off-target mutations caused by CRISPR/Cas9, but none of them contributed to the development process of transgene cell lines. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of C12orf35 as the target site for exogenous gene integration, and strongly suggested that C12orf35 targeted integration mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 is a reliable strategy for the rapid development of recombinant CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manyu Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Han Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Meiqi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yueqing Xie
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
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