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Li Y, Lou J, Hong S, Hou D, Lv Y, Guo Z, Wang K, Xu Y, Zhai Y, Liu H. The role of heavy metals in the development of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:616. [PMID: 37400750 PMCID: PMC10316626 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship among 18 heavy metals, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, ERCC1, XRCC1 (rs25487), BRAF V600E and 5 tumor markers and their role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A total of 101 CRC patients and 60 healthy controls were recruited in the present study. The levels of 18 heavy metals were measured by ICP-MS. MSI status and the genetic polymorphism were determined by PCR (FP205-02, Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) and Sanger sequencing. Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship among various factors. RESULTS The level of selenium (Se) was lower in the CRC group compared with the control group (p < 0.01), while vanadium (V), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) were higher (p < 0.05), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in the CRC group than those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Cr, Cu, As and Ba were the risk factors for CRC. In addition, CRC was positively correlated with V, Cr, Cu, As, Sn, Ba and Pb, but negatively correlated with Se. MSI was positively correlated with BRAF V600E, but negatively correlated with ERCC1. BRAF V600E was positively correlated with antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), CA19-9, NSE, AFP and CK19. XRCC1 (rs25487) was found to be positively correlated with Se but negatively correlated with Co. The levels of Sb and Tl were significantly higher in the BRAF V600E positive group compared to the negative group. The mRNA expression level of ERCC1 was significantly higher (P = 0.035) in MSS compared to MSI. And there was a significant correlation between XRCC1 (rs25487) polymorphism and MSI status (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that low level of Se and high levels of V, As, Sn, Ba, Pb, Cr, and Cu increased the risk of CRC. Sb and Tl may cause BRAF V600E mutations, leading to MSI. XRCC1 (rs25487) was positively correlated with Se but negatively correlated with Co. The expression of ERCC1 may be related to MSS, while the XRCC1 (rs25487) polymorphism is related to MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Jingwei Lou
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Shaozhong Hong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Dengfeng Hou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Yandong Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Hongzhou Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China.
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Salimzadeh H, Lindskog EB, Gustavsson B, Wettergren Y, Ljungman D. Association of DNA repair gene variants with colorectal cancer: risk, toxicity, and survival. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:409. [PMID: 32397974 PMCID: PMC7216326 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes have a potential clinical value in predicting treatment outcomes. In the current study, we examined the association of SNPs in the genes XRCC1-rs25487, ERCC1-rs11615, ERCC2-rs238406, and ERCC2-rs13181 with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity during chemotherapy. Methods SNPs were analysed in 590 CRC cases and 300 controls using TaqMan technology. The association of SNPs with CRC risk and toxicity during chemotherapy was analysed using Chi2 test. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test was used to measure the effects of the SNPs on RFS and OS. Results The CC genotype of ERCC2-rs238406 and the ERCC2-rs13181 C allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC. The ERCC1-rs11615 genotype T/T was associated with stomatitis in adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.03). Also, more patients with the ERCC2-rs13181 C allele needed dose reduction compared to patients with the A/A genotype (p = 0.02). In first line chemotherapy, more patients with the ERCC1-rs11615 C allele suffered from nausea compared to those with the T/T genotype (p = 0.04) and eye reactions and thrombocytopenia were more common in patients with the ERCC2-rs13181 C allele compared to the A/A genotype (p = 0.006 and p = 0.004, respectively). ERCC2- rs238406 C/C was also associated with a higher frequency of thrombocytopenia (p = 0.03). A shorter 5-year OS was detected in stage I & II CRC patients with the ERCC2- rs238406 C allele (p = 0.02). However, there was no significant association between the SNPs and 5-year RFS. Conclusions Both SNPs in ERCC2 were associated with risk of CRC as well as toxicity during first line treatment. In addition, ERCC2- rs238406 was linked to OS in early stage CRC. The ERCC1-rs11615 variant was associated with toxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy. The results add support to previous findings that SNPs in ERCC1 and ERCC2 have a prognostic and predictive value in clinical management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Salimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, 416 85, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Digestive Oncology Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elinor Bexe Lindskog
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, 416 85, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gustavsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, 416 85, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Wettergren
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, 416 85, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Ljungman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, 416 85, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Region Västra Götaland, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Liao X, Li Y, Li H, Huang W, Wang H, Xie W. Expression and Clinical Significance of ERCC1 and XPF in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1059-1072. [PMID: 32099408 PMCID: PMC7007798 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s237916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlation between the ERCC1 and XPF expression and the clinicopathological parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients through assessment of the expression of the DNA repair genes ERCC1 and XPF. Methods ERCC1 and XPF mRNA expression in HCC (n= 177) and adjacent para-cancer tissues (n=21) were assessed by RT-PCR. The correlation between ERCC1 and XPF expression, clinicopathological features and HCC prognosis were compared. Results ERCC1 expression in liver cancer tissues was significantly lower than that of adjacent tissues (9.5% (2/21) vs 38.1% (8/21); P<0.05). The positive expression rates of XPF in liver cancer tissues was lower than that of adjacent tissues (14.3% (3/21) vs 71.4% (15/21); P<0.05). ERCC1 and XPF expression were associated with hepatic capsular invasion and microvascular invasion. HCC patients with hepatic capsular invasion and microvascular tumor embolus formation had significantly lower levels of ERCC1 and XPF mRNA than those without hepatic capsular invasion and microvascular tumor embolus formation (P<0.05). In addition, ERCC1 expression was associated with TNM staging of HCC. The expression of ERCC1 mRNA in patients with stage II and III HCC were lower than that of patients with stage I HCC (P<0.05). The low levels of ERCC1 and XPF mRNA significantly correlated with relapse-free survival times (RFS) in HCC patients. The median RFS of the low ERCC1 expression group and low XPF expression group were shorter than those of the high expression group (15.0 months vs 32.0 months, P<0.05) and (19.0 months vs 33.0 months, P<0.05). The decrease in XPF mRNA expression was significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. The median OS in the low XPF expression group was shorter than that of the high expression group (46.0 months vs 78.0 months, P<0.05). However, no significant difference in OS between the low ERCC1 expression group and the high ERCC1 expression groups were observed (63.0 months vs 64.0 months, P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size and the extent of differentiation were independent factors affecting the RFS in HCC patients (P<0.05). The extent of differentiation and XPF were independent factors affecting the OS in HCC (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression in ERCC1 and XPF were low in HCC and associated with early relapse after HCC surgery. Low XPF expression may be a potential indicator of a high risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- Department of First Chemotherapy, Affiliated Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of First Chemotherapy, Affiliated Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualan Li
- Department of First Chemotherapy, Affiliated Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxue Wang
- Department of Fifth Chemotherapy, Affiliated Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Xie
- Department of Fifth Chemotherapy, Affiliated Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
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Al-Shaheri FN, Al-Shami KM, Gamal EH, Mahasneh AA, Ayoub NM. Association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk and treatment outcomes. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 113:104364. [PMID: 31881200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common carcinoma worldwide. Despite the progress in screening and treatment, CRC remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Alterations to normal nucleic acid processing may drive neoplastic transformation of colorectal epithelium. DNA repair machinery performs an essential function in the protection of genome by reducing the number of genetic polymorphisms/variations that may drive carcinogenicity. Four essential DNA repair systems are known which include nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), and double-strand break repair (DSBR). Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes have been shown to influence the risk of cancer development as well as outcomes of treatment. Several studies demonstrated the association between genetic polymorphism of DNA repair genes and increased risk of CRC in different populations. In this review, we have summarized the impact of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on risk of CRC development and treatment outcomes. Advancements of the current understanding for the impact of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on the risk and treatment of CRC may support diagnostic and predictive roles in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz N Al-Shaheri
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), ImNeuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, ImNeuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Kamal M Al-Shami
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States of America; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Eshrak H Gamal
- Department of Oncology, Collage of Medicine, Bonn University, Germany; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Amjad A Mahasneh
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Kassem AB, Salem SE, Abdelrahim ME, Said ASA, Salahuddin A, Hussein MM, Bahnassy AA. ERCC1 and ERCC2 as predictive biomarkers to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients from Egypt. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:78-85. [PMID: 28088319 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and group 2 (ERCC2) expression levels on the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is still controversial. The present study was conducted to determine the predictive value of these molecular biomarkers in stage III and IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving oxaliplatin (OX)-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment. METHODS The study included 80 CRC patients who received first line oxaliplatin based chemotherapy The expression levels of ERCC1 and ERCC2-mRNA and proteins were determined in the primary tumors by quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC); respectively. The results of mRNA expression were correlated with patients' characteristics, response to treatment, overall- and event free survival (OS & EFS). RESULTS Sixty four out of the 80 patients were legible for assessment of ERCC1 and ERCC2 expression. The cut-off levels of ERCC1and ERCC2-RNA were 3.8×10-3& 4.6×10-3; respectively. Reduced ERCC1 and ERCC2 RNA expressions were detected in 50 (78.1%) and 48 (75%) cases, respectively whereas reduced proteins were detected in 48 cases (75%) for ERCC1 and ERCC2. After The median follow up period was 30.5months (range: 7-104months), Patients with low mRNAERCC1levels showed significantly longer OS (p=0.011) and EFS (p˂0.001). However, no significant relation was found between ERCC2 levels and OS or EFS. In multivariate analysis performance status (PS), stage of the disease and ERCC1-mRNA expression were independent prognostic factors for EFS whereas tumor histology and stage of the disease were independent factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS ERCC1 expression levels may help in selecting patients who benefit from oxaliplatin chemotherapy in stage III & IV CRC. Further large trials are needed to validate these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira B Kassem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salem Eid Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira S A Said
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Salahuddin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Hussein
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Bahnassy
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Dai Q, Luo H, Li XP, Huang J, Zhou TJ, Yang ZH. XRCC1 and ERCC1 polymorphisms are related to susceptibility and survival of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:441-9. [PMID: 25690281 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excision repair cross complementing group 1 (ERCC1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing groups 1 (XRCC1) are DNA repair enzymes. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may be important factors affecting cancer susceptibility, prognosis and therapy outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of ERCC1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and explore the effect of polymorphisms on event-free, overall survival and oxaliplatin-based therapy in CRC patients. Genotyping was examined with the iMLDR technique. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the association of certain polymorphisms with CRC risk. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression model were employed to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms on survival analysis. Results showed that Trp/Trp genotype of XRCC1 Arg194Trp and AA genotype of ERCC1 rs2336219 have a significantly increased risk of CRC; Trp allele of XRCC1 Arg194Trp and CC genotype of ERCC1 rs735482 were associated with lower response to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, a shorter survival and a higher risk of relapse or metastasis. 194Trp/280Arg/399Arg haplotype was associated with a significant resistance, and the ERCC1 protein expression was statistically higher in tumours with rs735482 CC genotype than with AA genotype. Our studies indicate that XRCC1 and ERCC1 polymorphisms probably affect susceptibility, chemotherapy response and survival of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Dai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China and
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Pu Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tie Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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Alterations of the RRAS and ERCC1 genes at 19q13 in gemistocytic astrocytomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:908-15. [PMID: 25192052 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemistocytic astrocytoma (World Health Organization grade II) is a rare variant of diffuse astrocytoma that is characterized by the presence of neoplastic gemistocytes and has a significantly less favorable prognosis. Other than frequent TP53 mutations (>80%), little is known about its molecular profile. Here, we show that gemistocytic astrocytomas carry a lower frequency of IDH mutations than fibrillary astrocytomas (74% vs 92%; p = 0.0255) but have profiles similar to those of fibrillary astrocytomas with respect to TERT promoter mutations (5% vs 0%), 1p/19q loss (10% vs 8%), and loss of heterozygosity 10q (10% vs 12%). Exome sequencing in 5 gemistocytic astrocytomas revealed homozygous deletion of genes at 19q13 (i.e. RRAS [related RAS viral oncogene homolog; 2 cases] and ERCC1 [excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1; 1 case]). Further screening showed RRAS homozygous deletion in 7 of 42 (17%) gemistocytic astrocytomas and in 3 of 24 (13%) IDH1 mutated secondary glioblastomas. Patients with gemistocytic astrocytoma and secondary glioblastoma with an RRAS deletion tended to have shorter survival rates than those without deletion. Differential polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction revealed an ERCC1 homozygous deletion or promoter methylation in 10 of 42 (24%) gemistocytic astrocytomas and in 8 of 24 (33%) secondary glioblastomas. Alterations in RRAS and ERCC1 appear to be typical in gemistocytic astrocytomas and secondary glioblastomas, since they were not present in 49 fibrillary astrocytomas or 30 primary glioblastomas.
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ERCC1 Cys8092Ala and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms predict progression-free survival after curative radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101256. [PMID: 25025378 PMCID: PMC4099069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes can alter gene expression and activity and affect response to cancer treatment and, correspondingly, survival. The present study was designed to evaluate the utility of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and ERCC1 Cys8092Ala SNPs, measured in pretreatment biopsy samples, as predictors of response to radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and methods The study included 75 consecutive patients with stage II-IVA-B NPC. XRCC1 Arg399Glu and ERCC1 Cys8092Ala SNPs were identified from paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens via Sanger sequencing. Expression of p53 and pAkt protein was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Potential relationships between genetic polymorphisms and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by using a Cox proportional hazards model, the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test. Results Multivariate analysis showed that carriers of the ERCC1 8092 Ala/Ala genotype [hazard ratio (HR) 1.882; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031–3.438; P = 0.039] and heavy smokers (≥20 pack-years) carrying the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype (HR 2.019; 95% CI 1.010–4.036; P = 0.047) had significantly lower PFS rates. Moreover, combined positive expression of p53 and pAkt led to significantly increased PFS in subgroups carrying the XRCC1 Gln allele (HR 7.057; 95% CI 2.073–24.021; P = 0.002) or the ERCC1 Cys allele (HR 2.568; 95% CI 1.056–6.248; P = 0.038). Conclusions The ERCC1 Cys8092Ala polymorphism is an independent predictor of response to radiotherapy for NPC, and the XRCC1 Arg399Glu mutation combined with smoking status seems to predict PFS as well. Our results further suggest a possible correlation between these genetic polymorphisms and p53 protein status on survival.
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Mazzoni F, Cecere FL, Meoni G, Giuliani C, Boni L, Camerini A, Lucchesi S, Martella F, Amoroso D, Lucherini E, Torricelli F, Di Costanzo F. Phase II trial of customized first line chemotherapy according to ERCC1 and RRM1 SNPs in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2013; 82:288-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yamada Y, Boku N, Nishina T, Yamaguchi K, Denda T, Tsuji A, Hamamoto Y, Konishi K, Tsuji Y, Amagai K, Ohkawa S, Fujita Y, Nishisaki H, Kawai H, Takashima A, Mizusawa J, Nakamura K, Ohtsu A. Impact of excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1) on the outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer: correlative study in Japan Clinical Oncology Group Trial JCOG9912. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2560-2565. [PMID: 23884439 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the best chemotherapy regimen for each patient with advanced gastric cancer is uncertain, we aimed to identify molecular prognostic or predictive biomarkers from biopsy specimens in JCOG9912, a randomized phase III trial for advanced gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Endoscopic biopsy specimens from primary lesions were collected in 445 of 704 randomized patients in JCOG9912. We measured the mRNA expression of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1), thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and five other genes, then, categorized them into low and high groups relative to the median, and examined whether gene expression was associated with efficacy end point. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that high ERCC1 expression [HR 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.75; P = 0.010], performance status ≥ 1 (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.13-1.86; P = 0.004), and number of metastatic sites ≥ 2 (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.28-1.86; P < 0.001) were associated with a poor prognosis, and recurrent disease (versus unresectable; HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.56-1.00; P = 0.049) was associated with a favorable prognosis. None of these molecular factors were a predictive marker for choosing irinotecan plus cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil rather than S-1. CONCLUSION These correlative analyses suggest that ERCC1 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the first-line treatment of gastric cancer. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER C000000062, www.umin.ac.jp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo.
| | - N Boku
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | - T Nishina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama
| | - K Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, Kita-adachi
| | - T Denda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba
| | - A Tsuji
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe
| | - Y Hamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - K Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Y Tsuji
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo
| | - K Amagai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama
| | - S Ohkawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama
| | - Y Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama
| | - H Nishisaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi
| | - H Kawai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya
| | - A Takashima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo
| | - J Mizusawa
- JCOG Data Center/Operations Office, National Cancer Center, Tokyo
| | - K Nakamura
- JCOG Data Center/Operations Office, National Cancer Center, Tokyo
| | - A Ohtsu
- National Cancer Center, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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Chen C, Jiang XL, Zhang CC, Li K. Correlation of genes associated with drug response to prognosis of large cell lung carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 30:497-504. [PMID: 21718596 PMCID: PMC4013425 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.010.10503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the main treatment of advanced lung cancer. However, platinum resistance has become a major treatment obstacle. Novel therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKI) and agents that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have improved the treatment. Both chemotherapy and targeted therapy have their molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the mutation, amplification, or expression status and interrelationships of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), K-Ras proto-oncogene, excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1), and VEGF genes as well as their correlations to prognosis of large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) after EGFR-targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and anti-VEGF therapy. EGFR and K-Ras mutations in 60 specimens of LCLC were detected by direct DNA sequencing. EGFR, ERCC1, and VEGF protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). EGFR gene copy number was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). One (1.7%) patient had an EGFR L858M point mutation in exon 21, 3 (5.0%) had K-Ras mutations, and 10 (19.6%) had EGFR amplification (FISH positive). Positive rates of EGFR, ERCC1, and VEGF proteins were 38.3%, 56.7%, and 70.0%, respectively. EGFR amplification was positively correlated to EGFR protein expression (r = 0.390, P = 0.005). The positive rate of VEGF protein was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without (84.6% vs. 58.8%, P = 0.046). No significant correlations were observed among the EGFR, K-Ras, ERCC1, and VEGF genes. EGFR gene amplification and the low rate of EGFR mutation suggest that patients with LCLC are likely to obtain little benefit from anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China
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Liu ZG, Chen HY, Cheng JJ, Chen ZP, Li XN, Xia YF. Relationship between methylation status of ERCC1 promoter and radiosensitivity in glioma cell lines. Cell Biol Int 2013; 33:1111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Zhang N, Lin LY, Zhu LL, Wu F, Wen H, Pan D, Huang YC, Chen DQ. ERCC1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Adult Glioma in a Chinese Population: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:199-202. [PMID: 22201261 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.651233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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He SY, Xu L, Niu G, Ke PQ, Feng MM, Shen HW. Predictive Value of Excision Repair Cross-complementing Rodent Repair Deficiency Complementation Group 1 and Ovarian Cancer Risk. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1799-802. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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HAN SS, KIM JW, LEE SH, KIM DH, PARK NH, SONG YS, KANG SB. ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism and the risk and invasiveness of cervical cancer in Korean women. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2012; 8:e63-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2011.01495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Ren S, Zhou S, Wu F, Zhang L, Li X, Zhang J, Xu J, Lv M, Zhang J, Zhou C. Association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and survival of advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2011; 75:102-9. [PMID: 21676483 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in DNA repair genes can be used to explain the differences in survival of platinum-treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients regardless of their performance status. To define the role of DNA repair gene SNPs in NSCLC patients, we investigated the association between survival and 12 different SNPs of 9 DNA repair genes. METHODS 340 patients were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Polymorphisms were detected by real time PCR with TaqMan probe, using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples. Multivariate logistic or Cox regression analyses were used to adjust for possible confounding variables. RESULTS The median overall survival time was 15 months and it was significantly longer in patients harboring ERCC1 118 C/T or T/T allele: 18 months as compared to 13.8 months for the C/C allele (P=0.014). Subgroup analysis revealed that ERCC1 118 C/T or T/T was associated with increased survival in elderly patients (P=0.018), male (P=0.022), squamous carcinoma (P=0.003), smoker (P=0.076) and those treated with non-gemcitabine/cisplatin or carboplatin (non-GP/GC) regimen (P=0.023). XRCC3C/C was associated with better survival in non-gemcitabine/cisplatin treated patients (P=0.014). Both of CCNH-V270A C/C or C/T and XPD 751 A/A showed a significant longer survival in the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup (P=0.047 and P=0.034 respectively). CONCLUSION Present data indicates that ERCC1 118 C/T or T/T might provide a better prognostic predictive marker of NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, mainly in elderly subgroup, male, squamous carcinoma, smoker and those treated with non-GP/GC regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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17
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Kim KH, Kwon HC, Oh SY, Kim SH, Lee S, Kwon KA, Jang JS, Kim MC, Kim SJ, Kim HJ. Clinicopathologic significance of ERCC1, thymidylate synthase and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression for advanced gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU and cisplatin chemotherapy. Biomarkers 2010; 16:74-82. [PMID: 21133646 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.533284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the expressions of the excision cross-complementing (ERCC1), thymidylate synthase (TS) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) are predictive of clinical outcomes in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients receiving treatment with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (FP) chemotherapy. One hundred forty nine patients were included in this study. ERCC1 and GSTP1 expression was correlated significantly with tumor size (p = 0.040, p = 0.018, respectively). Stage and positive lymph node ratio were associated independently with disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Both ERCC1 and GSTP1 expression had a significant impact on OS (hazard ratio = 0.069, p = 0.021). TS expression was not related to DFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Han Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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18
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Song L, Winter AG, Selfridge J, Melton DW. A novel transcript for DNA repair gene Ercc1 in mouse skin. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:109-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen HY, Shao CJ, Chen FR, Kwan AL, Chen ZP. Role of ERCC1 promoter hypermethylation in drug resistance to cisplatin in human gliomas. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1944-1954. [PMID: 19626585 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of ERCC1 mRNA is associated with drug resistance to cisplatin in human gliomas, but the role of the ERCC1 promoter in drug resistance has not been demonstrated. We have used sodium bisulfite sequencing to compare ERCC1 promoter methylation patterns in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant glioma cells. The levels of ERCC1 DNA methylation, mRNA and protein in 32 human glioma samples were examined by methylation specific PCR, real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Meanwhile, cisplatin sensitivities to these human glioma samples were tested by histoculture drug response assay. Hypermethylation was observed in the upstream 5Kb region of the ERCC1 promoter of cisplatin-sensitive glioma cell lines. ERCC1 DNA methylation levels were highly variable in 32 human glioma samples ranging from 0.1 to 0.87, which have shown significant difference between cisplatin-sensitive samples and cisplatin-resistant samples (p < 0.05). The relative expression levels of ERCC1 mRNA in 32 glioma samples were also variable from 0.01 to 5.71. No detectable or low expression of ERCC1 protein was shown in 7 glioma samples. ERCC1 promoter methylation was inversely correlated to mRNA expression (r = -0.903 p = 0.001) as well as protein expression (r = -0.884 p = 0.001). Moreover, ERCC1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with protein levels (r = 0.840 p = 0.001). In summary, the aberrant CpG island methylation in ERCC1 promoter region exists in human glioma cell lines as well as clinical glioma samples. ERCC1 DNA methylation could regulate the expression of downstream mRNA and protein, and was associated with cisplatin chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Yang ZH, Dai Q, Kong XL, Yang WL, Zhang L. Association of ERCC1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2008; 48:196-201. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Forensic Biology, College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Department of human anatomy, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Li Kong
- State Key Laboratory of oral Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Li Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Forensic Biology, College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Turkington RC, Coyle VM, Johnston PG, Eatock MM. Predictive and prognostic markers in colorectal cancer. Per Med 2007; 4:295-306. [DOI: 10.2217/17410541.4.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of both early and advanced colorectal cancer, it remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the western world. There is, therefore, a pressing need to optimize the use of the currently available systemic therapies and to identify active new agents for the treatment of this disease. Pharmacogenomic studies have shown that genetically determined variability in key cellular functions can influence toxicity, response to treatment and survival. Numerous examples of these single ‘classical’ markers have been identified for a wide range of agents and each has been studied with regard to its effect on response. However, in any individual or tumor it is likely that a number of complex, interacting factors are involved in determining the likelihood of benefit with a given therapeutic agent. Microarray-based gene-expression profiling has allowed the complex range of molecular changes occurring in the cell and surrounding stroma to be assessed in relation to response and prognosis. Predictive gene sets have been developed and, along with other markers, are being assessed in prospective clinical trials. Treatment may soon be individualized by using this technology to predict which patients will benefit from a particular systemic therapy or which are likely to develop recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Turkington
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Vicky M Coyle
- Queen’s University of Belfast, Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Belfast City Hospital, 51 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Patrick G Johnston
- Queen’s University of Belfast, Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Belfast City Hospital, 51 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Martin M Eatock
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
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Ma H, Xu L, Yuan J, Shao M, Hu Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Yuan W, Qian J, Wang Y, Xun P, Liu H, Chen W, Yang L, Jin G, Huo X, Chen F, Shugart YY, Jin L, Wei Q, Wu T, Shen H, Huang W, Lu D. Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) and risk of primary lung cancer in a Chinese population. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17:417-23. [PMID: 17502833 DOI: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000239975.77088.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Low nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity has been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) is one of the NER core enzymes, and polymorphisms in ERCC1 may lead to altered repair function of the enzyme and therefore confer predisposition to cancer. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that common variants in ERCC1 were associated with lung cancer risk. METHODS The genotyping analyses for 7 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERCC1 using the TaqMan assay was conducted in a case-control study of 1010 patients with incident lung cancer and 1011 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. RESULTS We found that the variant genotypes of the rs3212948 C allele were associated with significantly decreased risk of lung cancer [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.73 (95% CI=0.60-0.88) for CG; 0.96 (95% CI=0.65-1.41) for CC and 0.76 (95% CI=0.63-0.91) for CG/CC, compared with the GG genotype]. Similarly, a significant protective effect was also evident for the variant genotypes of rs1007616 C/T [adjusted OR=0.72 (95% CI=0.59-0.89) for CT; 0.90 (95% CI=0.61-1.35) for TT and 0.75 (95% CI=0.62-0.91) for CT/TT, compared with the CC genotype]. Stratified analysis revealed that the protective effects of these 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms were both more evident among young patients and patients without family history of cancer. Consistently, when assessing each unique haplotype compared with the most common haplotype 'TAGCACG', lung cancer risk was significantly decreased among patients who carried the haplotype 'TCCCATT' with the variant rs3212948C and rs1007616T alleles (P value=0.0340, P-sim=0.0325, adjusted OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.63-0.97). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that ERCC1 polymorphisms may contribute to the etiology of lung cancer. Further functional studies were warranted to elucidate the mechanism of the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Research Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li Y, Gu S, Wu Q, Li Y, Fu X, Mao Y, Huang Y, Xie Y. No association of ERCC1 C8092A and T19007C polymorphisms to cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 15:967-73. [PMID: 17522621 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ERCC1 (excision repair cross complementation group 1) is a subunit of the nucleotide excision repair complex, which can perform DNA strand incision correction of DNA damage. Association studies on the ERCC1 polymorphisms (C8092A and T19007C) in cancer had shown conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis from all eligible case-control studies to assess the purported associations. Overall, the 19007C allele (3 853 patients and 4 349 controls) showed no significant effect on cancer risk compared to 19007T allele (P=0.39, odds ratio (OR)=0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.06, P(heterogeneity)=0.001) in all subjects. Meta-analysis under other genetic contrasts did not reveal any significant association of T19007C to cancer in all subjects, Caucasians and Asians. The 19007C allele (2 279 patients and 2 808 controls) showed no significant effect on lung cancer risk compared to 19007T allele (P=0.72, OR=0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.29, P(heterogeneity)=0.0001) in all subjects. No significant effect of 8092A allele (3 865 patients and 3 750 controls) on cancer risk in all subjects (P=0.85, OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.94-1.08, P(heterogeneity)=0.92) and in Caucasians and Asians compare to 8092C. No evidences of association of C8092A (501 patients and 620 controls) to squamous cell carcinoma were found. The accumulated evidence indicated ERCC1 T19007C and C8092A might not be risk factors for cancer. Significant between-study heterogeneity existed in T19007C, which arose from a study showing significant protecting effect of 19007C allele compare to 19007T allele in smokers. More studies based on larger, stratified case-control population should be required to further evaluate the role of ERCC1 C8092A and T19007C polymorphisms in different cancer, especially in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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McGurk CJ, Cummings M, Köberle B, Hartley JA, Oliver RT, Masters JR. Regulation of DNA repair gene expression in human cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:1121-36. [PMID: 16315315 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although most advanced cancers are incurable, the majority of testicular germ cell tumors can be cured using cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway removes most DNA adducts produced by cisplatin, and the low levels of NER in testis tumor cells may explain why these cancers are curable. Three NER proteins: ERCC1, XPF, and XPA, are present at low levels in testis tumor cell lines, and addition of these proteins to protein extracts of testis tumor cells increases their in vitro DNA repair capacity to normal levels. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism responsible for the low levels of these DNA repair proteins. The levels of the mRNA transcripts for ERCC1, XPF, and XPA were measured in a panel of 14 different human cancer cell lines, using real-time PCR. Three ERCC1 splice variants were identified and quantitated. Three alternative transcription start points (TSPs) were identified for ERCC1 but none were testis-specific. The significantly lower levels of ERCC1, XPF, and XPA protein in testis tumor cell lines cannot be explained solely by differences in transcriptional efficiency or mRNA stability. For ERCC1, post-transcriptional control by alternative splicing does not account for the testis-specific low levels of protein expression. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the half-life of ERCC1 protein in a testis tumor cell line was not significantly different to that in a prostate cancer cell line. Taken together, these results suggest that constitutive levels of these DNA repair proteins are controlled at the level of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J McGurk
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Urology, UCL, 3rd Floor Research Laboratories, London, W1W 7EJ, United Kingdom
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25
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Wang SL, Zhao H, Zhou B, Chen YL, Zou Y, Zhu XF, Li QS, Han MZ, Yang RC, Han ZC. Polymorphisms in ERCC1 and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Chinese population. Leuk Res 2006; 30:1341-5. [PMID: 16723154 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is important in repairing DNA damage and genomic instability, and polymorphisms in ERCC1 may play a role in human tumors. In this study, the relationship of two ERCC1 polymorphisms, 8092C>A and 19007G>A, with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was investigated in 183 childhood patients. For the ERCC1 8092C>A polymorphism, individuals carrying the ERCC1 8092CC genotype had a significantly higher risk when compared with those carrying at least one A allele gene (AA/AC). Analysis after stratification for sex showed that the males carrying ERCC1 8092CC genotype were associated with highly significant increased risk of ALL (1.94-fold) but not females. There was no association between ERCC1 19007G>A polymorphism and ALL risk when all patients as a group were analyzed. However, the males carrying ERCC119007A allele were associated with highly significant increased risk of ALL (2.36-fold). For the ERCC1 8092C>A polymorphism, individuals under 8 years old (median age) carrying CC genotype had significantly higher risk. However, the 19007G>A polymorphism was not associated with such age-related ALL risk. These results suggest that the ERCC1 8092C>A polymorphism may be related to the occurrence of childhood ALL in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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Allen WL, Johnston PG. Have we made progress in pharmacogenomics? The implementation of molecular markers in colon cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2005; 6:603-14. [PMID: 16143000 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.6.6.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last 40 years, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has remained the treatment of choice in both the adjuvant and advanced treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, 5-FU monotherapy produces response rates of only 10–20% in the advanced setting. 5-FU has been combined with newer agents, such as oxaliplatin and irinotecan, and this has significantly increased response rates to 40–50% in the advanced setting. More recently, novel biological agents, such as the monoclonal antibodies targeting either the epidermal growth factor receptor or vascular endothelial growth factor, have shown to provide additional clinical benefit for patients with metastatic CRC. A number of predictive markers have been identified for CRC to date. However, their usefulness as individual markers of response has led to somewhat inconclusive results. Therefore, there is a need to identify panels of predictive markers of response to therapy for advanced CRC, in order to improve these disappointing response rates. The advent of high-throughput methodologies, such as microarrays, enables tumor samples to be profiled on a global scale. This technology has been utilized to develop predictive markers for a wide range of tumor types to date, and hopefully this technology can be translated into the CRC setting with the hope of predicting the response of each individual tumor to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Allen
- Queen's University Belfast, Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland
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Abstract
For the last four decades, fluorouracil (FU) has been the main treatment of choice in colorectal cancer (CRC) in both the advanced and adjuvant settings. In the advanced setting, FU monotherapy produces response rates of only 10% to 20%. Furthermore, in resected stage III CRC, FU monotherapy has increased overall survival by only 20%. The combination of FU with newer therapies such as oxaliplatin and irinotecan has significantly improved response rates to 40% to 50%. Despite these improvements, more than half of advanced CRC patients derive no benefit from treatment; this is due to either acquired or inherent drug resistance. This review aims to highlight the current prognostic and predictive markers that have been identified for CRC to date. The limited use of these predictive markers underscores the importance of and need for multiple marker testing in order to improve response rates and decrease toxicity. This review will also focus on high throughput methods to identify panels of predictive markers for CRC, which ultimately aim to tailor treatment according to an individual patient and tumor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Allen
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
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Zhou W, Liu G, Park S, Wang Z, Wain JC, Lynch TJ, Su L, Christiani DC. Gene-smoking interaction associations for the ERCC1 polymorphisms in the risk of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:491-6. [PMID: 15734977 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking may induce DNA damage. Lower DNA repair capacities have been associated with higher risk of lung cancer. Excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) is the lead enzyme in the nucleotide excision repair process, and low expression of ERCC1 mRNA levels has been associated with higher risk of cancers. We examined the association between two polymorphisms of ERCC1, 8092C > A (rs3212986) and 19007T > C (codon 118, rs11615), which are associated with altered ERCC1 mRNA stability and mRNA levels, in 1,752 Caucasian lung cancer patients and 1,358 controls. The results were analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for relevant covariates. The two polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium and in linkage disequilibrium. There was no overall association between ERCC1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk, with the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 1.26 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.81-1.96] for the 8092C > A polymorphism (A/A versus C/C) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.67-1.30) for the 19007T > C polymorphism (C/C versus T/T). Stratified analyses revealed that the AORs for the 8092C > A polymorphism (A/A versus C/C) decreased significantly as pack-years increased, with the AOR of 2.11 (95% CI, 1.03-4.31) in never smokers and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.25-1.01) in heavy smokers (>/=56 pack-years), respectively. Consistent results were found when gene-smoking interaction was incorporated by joint effects and interactions models that considered both discrete and continuous variables for cumulative smoking exposure. The same direction for the gene-smoking interaction was found for the 19007T > C polymorphism, although the interaction was not statistically significant. In conclusion, ERCC1 8092C > A polymorphism may modify the associations between cumulative cigarette smoking and lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Occupational Health Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Impact of Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical Outcome for Stage IV Melanoma Patients Treated with Biochemotherapy: An Exploratory Study. Clin Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.1237.11.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Biochemotherapy can achieve high response rates in advanced melanoma, but the factors that influence regression and survival remain unknown. The present exploratory study tested the hypothesis that cytokine gene polymorphisms predict clinical outcome in stage IV melanoma patients treated with biochemotherapy.
Experimental Design: Ninety patients with stage IV melanoma were treated with biochemotherapy, including cisplatin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine combined with interleukin (IL)-2 and IFN-α either with or without tamoxifen. Cytokine gene polymorphisms for IFN-γ (+874A→T) and IL-10 (−1082G→A) were assessed. X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1; Arg399Gln), xeroderma pigmentosum complementary group D (XPD; Lys751Gln), and excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1; codon 118) DNA repair polymorphisms were also determined.
Results: IFN-γ (+874A→T) gene polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with response (P = 0.001), progression-free survival (P = 0.0012), and overall survival (P < 0.001), whereas the IL-10 polymorphism was marginally associated with response (P = 0.03) and overall survival (P = 0.065). Multivariate analysis revealed that IFN-γ (+874A→T) independently predicted overall survival (P = 0.003). The ERCC1 polymorphism was weakly associated with overall survival (P = 0.045). Combining polymorphisms for IFN-γ, IL-10, and ERCC1 stratified patients into four distinct groups with significantly different clinical outcome (P < 0.001), so that patients with more “favorable” polymorphisms had a better outcome.
Conclusions: Cytokine gene polymorphisms predicted clinical outcome for advanced melanoma patients who received biochemotherapy. The combined effects of multiple genetic polymorphisms may provide more accurate prognostic information. Additional independent studies are needed to confirm these pilot findings.
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Baranova A, Ivanov D, Petrash N, Pestova A, Skoblov M, Kelmanson I, Shagin D, Nazarenko S, Geraymovych E, Litvin O, Tiunova A, Born TL, Usman N, Staroverov D, Lukyanov S, Panchin Y. The mammalian pannexin family is homologous to the invertebrate innexin gap junction proteins. Genomics 2004; 83:706-16. [PMID: 15028292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Revised: 09/16/2003] [Accepted: 09/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned the genes PANX1, PANX2 and PANX3, encoding putative gap junction proteins homologous to invertebrate innexins, which constitute a new family of mammalian proteins called pannexins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that pannexins are highly conserved in worms, mollusks, insects and mammals, pointing to their important function. Both innexins and pannexins are predicted to have four transmembrane regions, two extracellular loops, one intracellular loop and intracellular N and C termini. Both the human and mouse genomes contain three pannexin-encoding genes. Mammalian pannexins PANX1 and PANX3 are closely related, with PANX2 more distant. The human and mouse pannexin-1 mRNAs are ubiquitously, although disproportionately, expressed in normal tissues. Human PANX2 is a brain-specific gene; its mouse orthologue, Panx2, is also expressed in certain cell types in developing brain. In silico evaluation of Panx3 expression predicts gene expression in osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts. The apparent conservation of pannexins between species merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina str., 3 GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Druker R, Bruxner TJ, Lehrbach NJ, Whitelaw E. Complex patterns of transcription at the insertion site of a retrotransposon in the mouse. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:5800-8. [PMID: 15520464 PMCID: PMC528799 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that transcriptional effects of the insertion of a retrotransposon can occur simultaneously both upstream and downstream of the insertion site. We have identified an intra-cisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon in intron 6 of a gene that we have named Cabp (CDK5 activator binding protein). The presence of the IAP is associated with an aberrant transcript initiating from a cryptic promoter in the IAP, reading out into the adjacent Cabp gene sequence. The expression of this transcript is highly variable among isogenic mice within the C57BL/6J strain and so Cabp(IAP) can be classified as a metastable epiallele. As expected, the presence or absence of the transcript correlates with differential DNA methylation of the 5' LTR of the IAP. More surprisingly, in mice where the retrotransposon is unmethylated and presumably transcriptionally active, we find a number of short Cabp transcripts which initiate at the normal 5' end of the gene but terminate prematurely, just 5' of the retrotransposon. This is the first report of a retrotransposon having both upstream and downstream effects on transcription at the site of insertion and it suggests that alternative polyadenylation may sometimes be caused by a downstream convergent transcription unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Druker
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, Biochemistry Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Zhou W, Gurubhagavatula S, Liu G, Park S, Neuberg DS, Wain JC, Lynch TJ, Su L, Christiani DC. Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 polymorphism predicts overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:4939-43. [PMID: 15297394 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair is a critical mechanism of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is the lead enzyme in the nucleotide excision repair process. Increased ERCC1 mRNA levels are related directly to platinum resistance in various cancers. We examined the association between two polymorphisms of ERCC1, codon 118 C/T and C8092A, which are associated with altered ERCC1 mRNA levels and mRNA stability, and overall survival (OS) in 128 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The two polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. There was a statistically significant association between the C8092A polymorphism and OS (P = 0.006, by log-rank test), with median survival times of 22.3 (C/C) and 13.4 (C/A or A/A) months, respectively, suggesting that any copies of the A allele were associated with poor outcome. No statistically significant association was found for the codon 118 polymorphism and OS (P = 0.41, by log-rank test), with median survival times of 19.9 (T/T), 16.1 (C/T), and 13.3 (C/C) months, respectively. In conclusion, the ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism may be a useful predictor of OS in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Occupational Health Program, Departments of Environmental Health and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, USA
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