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Greeson KW, Crow KMS, Edenfield RC, Easley CA. Inheritance of paternal lifestyles and exposures through sperm DNA methylation. Nat Rev Urol 2023:10.1038/s41585-022-00708-9. [PMID: 36653672 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many different lifestyle factors and chemicals present in the environment are a threat to the reproductive tracts of humans. The potential for parental preconception exposure to alter gametes and for these alterations to be passed on to offspring and negatively affect embryo growth and development is of concern. The connection between maternal exposures and offspring health is a frequent focus in epidemiological studies, but paternal preconception exposures are much less frequently considered and are also very important determinants of offspring health. Several environmental and lifestyle factors in men have been found to alter sperm epigenetics, which can regulate gene expression during early embryonic development. Epigenetic information is thought to be a mechanism that evolved for organisms to pass on information about their lived experiences to offspring. DNA methylation is a well-studied epigenetic regulator that is sensitive to environmental exposures in somatic cells and sperm. The continuous production of sperm from spermatogonial stem cells throughout a man's adult life and the presence of spermatogonial stem cells outside of the blood-testis barrier makes them susceptible to environmental insults. Furthermore, altered sperm DNA methylation patterns can be maintained throughout development and ultimately result in impairments, which could predispose offspring to disease. Innovations in human stem cell-based spermatogenic models can be used to elucidate the paternal origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Greeson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Krista M S Crow
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - R Clayton Edenfield
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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2
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Sun L, Xue C, Guo C, Jia C, Li X, Tai P. Regulatory actions of rare earth elements (La and Gd) on the cell cycle of root tips in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135795. [PMID: 35917980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous expansion of the application of rare earth elements (REEs) in various fields has attracted attention to their biosafety. At present, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological effects of REEs are unclear. In this study, the effects of lanthanum (La) and gadolinium (Gd) on cell cycle progression in the root tips of rice seedlings were investigated. Low concentrations of REEs (0.1 mg L-1) induced an increase in the number of cells in the prophase and metaphase, while high concentrations of REEs (10 mg L-1) induced an increase in the number of cells in the late and terminal stages of the cell cycle, and apoptosis or necrosis. Additionally, low concentrations of REEs induced a significant increase in the expression of the cell cycle factors WEE1, CDKA;1, and CYCB1;1, and promoted the G2/M phase and accelerated root tip growth. However, at high REEs concentrations, the DNA damage response sensitized by BRCA1, MRE11, and TP53 could that prevent root tip growth by inhibiting the transcription factor E2F, resulting in obvious G1/S phase transition block and delayed G2/M phase conversion. Furthermore, by comparing the biological effect mechanisms of La and Gd, we found that these two REEs share regulatory actions on the cell cycle of root tips in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China
| | - Chunyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Peidong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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3
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Mechanisms of Cd-induced Cytotoxicity in Normal Human Skin Keratinocytes: Implication for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911767. [PMID: 36233064 PMCID: PMC9570009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals found widely in the environment. Skin is an important target organ of Cd exposure. However, the adverse effects of Cd on human skin are still not well known. In this study, normal human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were studied for changes in cell viability, morphology, DNA damage, cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes (XBP-1, BiP, ATF-4, and CHOP) after exposure to Cd for 24 h. We found that Cd decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 11 µM. DNA damage induction was evidenced by upregulation of the level of γ-H2AX. Furthermore, Cd induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated the mRNA levels of ER stress biomarker genes (XBP-1, BiP, ATF4, and CHOP). Taken together, our results showed that Cd induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in HaCaT cells, eventually resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. In addition, ER stress may be involved in Cd-induced HaCaT apoptosis. Our data imply the importance of reducing Cd pollution in the environment to reduce its adverse impacts on human skin.
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Tang J, Bei M, Zhu J, Xu G, Chen D, Jin X, Huang J, Dong J, Shi L, Xu L, Hu B. Acute cadmium exposure induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells through ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103686. [PMID: 34098069 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure can exert an impact on carcinogenicity of breast cancer, however, the mechanism is not fully understood in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We performed a TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell model and assessed the toxic effect of Cd exposure (0, 10, 20, 50, 60, 80 μM). Cd reduced cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, followed by cell cycle arrest in S phase with alterations of cyclin 1A1, cyclin 1D1 and CDK2. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis and pyroptosis were increased, which were relieved by z-VAD. Elevated ROS and NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were detected, which was attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. Increased bax and decreased caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were found. gasdermin E (GSDME) was activated with cleavage of GSDME-NT, which was retarded by z-VAD. Additionally, p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated. Our data demonstrate GSDME-activated pyroptosis in Cd toxicity, implying a potential impact on TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Mingrong Bei
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University College of Medicine, Shantou, 515041, GD, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jingjian Dong
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
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5
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Sudo K, VAN Dao C, Miyamoto A, Shiraishi M. Comparative analysis of in vitro neurotoxicity of methylmercury, mercury, cadmium, and hydrogen peroxide on SH-SY5Y cells. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:828-837. [PMID: 30996207 PMCID: PMC6612504 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) are the major toxic heavy metals and are known to induce
neurotoxicity. Although many studies have shown that several heavy metals have neurotoxic
effects, the cellular and molecular mechanisms thereof are still not clear. Oxidative
stress is reported to be a common and important mechanism in cytotoxicity induced by heavy
metals. However, the assays for identifying toxic mechanisms were not performed under the
same experimental conditions, making it difficult to compare toxic properties of the heavy
metals. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity induced by
heavy metals and H2O2, focusing on cell death, cell proliferation,
and oxidative stress under the same experimental condition. Our results showed that MeHg
caused lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, caspase activation and cell-cycle alteration,
and ROS generation in accordance with decreased cell viability. HgCl2 caused
LDH release and cell-cycle alteration, but not caspase activation. CdCl2 had a
remarkable effect on the cell cycle profiles without induction of LDH release, caspase
activation, or ROS generation. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented the
decrease in cell viability induced by MeHg and HgCl2, but not CdCl2.
Our results demonstrate a clear difference in neurotoxic mechanisms induced by MeHg,
HgCl2, CdCl2 or H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cells.
Elucidating the characteristics and mechanisms of each heavy metal under the same
experimental conditions will be helpful to understand the effect of heavy metals on health
and to develop a more effective therapy for heavy metal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Sudo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Present address: Assay Division I, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Cuong VAN Dao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Group 10, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Atsushi Miyamoto
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Shiraishi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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6
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Ospondpant D, Phuagkhaopong S, Suknuntha K, Sangpairoj K, Kasemsuk T, Srimaroeng C, Vivithanaporn P. Cadmium induces apoptotic program imbalance and cell cycle inhibitor expression in cultured human astrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:53-59. [PMID: 30537571 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly neurotoxic heavy metal impairing neurogenesis and induces neurodegenerative disorders. Toxic concentrations of cadmium induce astrocytic apoptosis by depleting intracellular glutathione levels, elevating intracellular calcium levels, altering mitochondria membrane potentials, and activating JNK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Cadmium suppresses cell proliferation in kidney epithelial cells, lung fibroblasts, and primary myelocytes; however, cadmium's effects on proteins regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in astrocytes are less known. The present study hypothesized that cadmium alters levels of antioxidant enzymes, apoptotic regulator proteins, and cell cycle inhibitor proteins, resulting in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Concentrations ≥20 μM cadmium induced apoptosis and led to intracellular changes including DNA fragmentation, reduced mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase and glutathione S transferase-A4), downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Moreover, cadmium suppressed astrocytic proliferation by inducing S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and promoting p53, p21, and p27 expression. In conclusion, this study provides mechanistic insight into cadmium-induced cytotoxicity of astrocytes and highlights potential targets for prevention of cadmium-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusadee Ospondpant
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Kant Sangpairoj
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thitima Kasemsuk
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Chutima Srimaroeng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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7
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Cui W, Wang H, Song J, Cao X, Rogers HJ, Francis D, Jia C, Sun L, Hou M, Yang Y, Tai P, Liu W. Cell cycle arrest mediated by Cd-induced DNA damage in Arabidopsis root tips. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:569-574. [PMID: 28800532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the aberrant expression of cell cycle regulation and DNA repair genes can result in abnormal cell proliferation and genomic instability in eukaryotic cells under different stresses. Herein, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings were grown hydroponically on 0.5 × MS media containing cadmium (Cd) at 0-2.5mgL-1 for 5d of treatment. Real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that expression of DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation genes, including BRCA1, MRE11, WEE1, CDKA;1 and PCNA1, showed an inverted U-shaped dose-response. In contrast, notably reduced expression was observed for G1-to-S transition-related genes, Histone H4, E2Fa and PCNA2; DSB end processing, GR1; G2-to-M transition-related gene, CYCB1;1; and DNA mismatch repair, MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1 genes in root tips exposed to 0.125-2.5mg/L Cd for 5d. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis revealed significant increases of cells with a 2C nuclear content and with a 4C and 8C nuclear content under Cd stresses of 0.125 and 1-2.5mgL-1, respectively. Our results suggest that 0.125mgL-1 Cd-induced DNA damage induced the marked G1/S arrest, leading to accelerated growth in root tips, while 1.0-2.5mgL-1 Cd-induced DNA damage caused a notable G2/M arrest in root tips, leading to reduced growth in root tips. This may be a protective mechanism that prevents cells with damaged DNA from dividing under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Cui
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hetong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Basic Medicine, He University, Shenyang 110163, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Environmental Science College, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, PR China
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 33TL, UK
| | - Dennis Francis
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration, Shenyang University, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Chunyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lizong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Meifang Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration, Shenyang University, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Peidong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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8
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Tokumoto M, Lee JY, Fujiwara Y, Satoh M. Alteration of DNA binding activity of transcription factors in NRK-52E rat proximal tubular cells treated with cadmium. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 39:735-8. [PMID: 25242403 DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that causes severe clinical symptoms in various tissues including the kidney. In this study, activities of transcription factors were measured to identify what type of transcription factor was affected by cadmium in rat proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E cells) using the protein/DNA binding assay. After treatment of NRK-52E cells with 5 µM CdCl2 for 3 hr, nuclear extracts were used for the protein/DNA binding assay. Among 65 transcription factors, cadmium increased the activities of 6 transcription factors by more than 2.0-fold and decreased those of 15 transcription factors by less than 0.5-fold. These findings may provide new information about novel transcription factors associated with the mechanism of cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tokumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
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9
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Biology of the cell cycle inhibitor p21CDKN1A: molecular mechanisms and relevance in chemical toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:155-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Smeester L, Yosim AE, Nye MD, Hoyo C, Murphy SK, Fry RC. Imprinted genes and the environment: links to the toxic metals arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:477-96. [PMID: 24921406 PMCID: PMC4094944 DOI: 10.3390/genes5020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes defy rules of Mendelian genetics with their expression tied to the parent from whom each allele was inherited. They are known to play a role in various diseases/disorders including fetal growth disruption, lower birth weight, obesity, and cancer. There is increasing interest in understanding their influence on environmentally-induced disease. The environment can be thought of broadly as including chemicals present in air, water and soil, as well as food. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), some of the highest ranking environmental chemicals of concern include metals/metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. The complex relationships between toxic metal exposure, imprinted gene regulation/expression and health outcomes are understudied. Herein we examine trends in imprinted gene biology, including an assessment of the imprinted genes and their known functional roles in the cell, particularly as they relate to toxic metals exposure and disease. The data highlight that many of the imprinted genes have known associations to developmental diseases and are enriched for their role in the TP53 and AhR pathways. Assessment of the promoter regions of the imprinted genes resulted in the identification of an enrichment of binding sites for two transcription factor families, namely the zinc finger family II and PLAG transcription factors. Taken together these data contribute insight into the complex relationships between toxic metals in the environment and imprinted gene biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Andrew E Yosim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Monica D Nye
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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11
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Rodríguez-Sastre MA, Rojas E, Valverde M. Assessing the impact of As–Cd–Pb metal mixture on cell transformation by two-stage Balb/c 3T3 cell assay. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:251-7. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Filipič M. Mechanisms of cadmium induced genomic instability. Mutat Res 2012; 733:69-77. [PMID: 21945723 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an ubiquitous environmental contaminant that represents hazard to humans and wildlife. It is found in the air, soil and water and, due to its extremely long half-life, accumulates in plants and animals. The main source of cadmium exposure for non-smoking human population is food. Cadmium is primarily toxic to the kidney, but has been also classified as carcinogenic to humans by several regulatory agencies. Current evidence suggests that exposure to cadmium induces genomic instability through complex and multifactorial mechanisms. Cadmium dose not induce direct DNA damage, however it induces increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which in turn induce DNA damage and can also interfere with cell signalling. More important seems to be cadmium interaction with DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis as well as with epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression control. Cadmium mediated inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis leads to accumulation of cells with unrepaired DNA damage, which in turn increases the mutation rate and thus genomic instability. This increases the probability of developing not only cancer but also other diseases associated with genomic instability. In the in vitro experiments cadmium induced effects leading to genomic instability have been observed at low concentrations that were comparable to those observed in target organs and tissues of humans that were non-occupationally exposed to cadmium. Therefore, further studies aiming to clarify the relevance of these observations for human health risks due to cadmium exposure are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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