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Desulphurisation of Biogas: A Systematic Qualitative and Economic-Based Quantitative Review of Alternative Strategies. CHEMENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering3030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The desulphurisation of biogas for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) removal constitutes a significant challenge in the area of biogas research. This is because the retention of H2S in biogas presents negative consequences on human health and equipment durability. The negative impacts are reflective of the potentially fatal and corrosive consequences reported when biogas containing H2S is inhaled and employed as a boiler biofuel, respectively. Recognising the importance of producing H2S-free biogas, this paper explores the current state of research in the area of desulphurisation of biogas. In the present paper, physical–chemical, biological, in-situ, and post-biogas desulphurisation strategies were extensively reviewed as the basis for providing a qualitative comparison of the strategies. Additionally, a review of the costing data combined with an analysis of the inherent data uncertainties due underlying estimation assumptions have also been undertaken to provide a basis for quantitative comparison of the desulphurisation strategies. It is anticipated that the combination of the qualitative and quantitative comparison approaches employed in assessing the desulphurisation strategies reviewed in the present paper will aid in future decisions involving the selection of the preferred biogas desulphurisation strategy to satisfy specific economic and performance-related targets.
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Shammay A, Evanson I, Stuetz RM. A comparison of removal performance of volatile organic and sulfurous compounds between odour abatement systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2657-2667. [PMID: 29944130 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three types of odour abatement systems in sewer networks in Australia were studied for 18 months to determine the removals of different compounds. Six volatile sulfurous compounds and seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were further investigated. All types of odour abatement systems exhibited good removal of hydrogen sulfide with the biotrickling filters (BTFs) showing the highest consistent removal. Biofilters outperformed BTFs and activated carbon (AC) filters in the removal of dimethyl mono-, di- and tri-sulfide species at the low inlet concentrations typically found. AC filters exhibited little VOC removal with no compound consistently identified as having a removal greater than 0%. Biofilters outperformed BTFs in VOC removal, yet both had high removal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shammay
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia E-mail: ; Stantec Australia, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - I Evanson
- Stantec Australia, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R M Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia E-mail:
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Yang L, Wang X, Funk TL. Strong influence of medium pH condition on gas-phase biofilter ammonia removal, nitrous oxide generation and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:74-79. [PMID: 24291310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pH on gas-phase biofilter performance including NH3 removal efficiency (RE), N2O generation, and microbial communities of ammonia oxidizers and denitrifies, are examined. A two-step experiment was carried out on four biofilters for 130 days. In step 1 with pH 8.0, NH3 REs were 85-95% and N2O concentrations were 0.1-0.4 ppm. In step 2, pH was adjusted to 4.5, 6.0, 8.0, and 9.5 in four biofilters, respectively. The acidified biofilters showed higher NH3 REs than the alkalized biofilters. N2O concentration in biofilters with pH 4.5 and 6.0 was increased to 1.5 and 0.5 ppm, respectively, while no change in the alkalized biofilters. Comparing to communities in step 1, the amoA and nosZ structures were altered when pH was changed to 4.5 and 6.0, but not at 9.5. Abundance of amoA was reduced at pH 4.5, while nosZ abundance was increased with considerably less changes in acidified biofilters compared to alkalized biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcheng Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ted L Funk
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Balasubramanian P, Philip L, Murty Bhallamudi S. Biotrickling filtration of complex pharmaceutical VOC emissions along with chloroform. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 114:149-159. [PMID: 22507906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of chloroform along with a mixture of VOCs (methanol, ethanol, acetone and toluene) commonly found in pharmaceutical emissions using a biotrickling filter (BTF) was evaluated. The performance of the BTF was evaluated for both steady and transient conditions, for different inlet loading rates (ILR), empty bed residence time (EBRT) and inlet chloroform concentrations. Among the VOCs studied before chloroform feeding, toluene removal was the least, under all the operating conditions. Complete removal of all pollutants was achieved up to a chloroform loading rate of 14.22 g/m(3)/h. Increase in loading rate of chloroform adversely affected the removal efficiency of toluene and declined the overall performance of BTF. The results suggest that biodegradation of VOCs is influenced by the inlet loading rate and complexity of pollutants in the inlet air stream. Results from studies on shock loading and starvation indicated that the system was highly resilient to transient operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balasubramanian
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Rani M, Sattler ML. Removal of propylene and butylene as individual compounds with compost and wood chip biofilters. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:527-534. [PMID: 21608492 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.5.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Propylene and butylene are highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs) in terms of ground-level ozone formation. This study examined the effectiveness of biofiltration in removing propylene and butylene as separate compounds. Specific objectives were (1) to measure maximum removal efficiencies for propylene and butylene and the corresponding microbial acclimation times, which will be useful in the design of future biofilters for removal of these compounds; (2) to compare removal efficiencies of propylene and butylene for different ratios of compost/hard wood-chip media; and (3) to identify the microorganisms responsible for propylene and butylene degradation. Two laboratory-scale polyvinyl chloride biofilter columns were filled with 28 in. of biofilter media (compost/wood-chip mixtures of 80:20 and 50:50 ratios). Close to 100% removal efficiency was obtained for propylene for inlet concentrations ranging from 2.9 x 10(4) to 6.3 x 10(4) parts per million (ppm) (232-602 g/m3-hr) and for butylene for inlet concentrations ranging from 91 to 643 ppm (1.7-13.6 g/m3-hr). The microbial acclimation period to attain 100% removal efficiency was 12-13 weeks for both compounds. The lack of similar microbial species in the fresh and used media likely accounts for the long acclimation time required. Both ratios of compost/wood chips (80:20 and 50:50) gave similar results. During the testing, media pH increased slightly from 7.1 to 7.5-7.7. None of the species in the used media that treated butylene were the same as those in the used media that treated propylene, indicating that different microbes are adept at degrading the two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Rani
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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McLamore E, Sharvelle S, Huang Z, Banks K. Simultaneous treatment of graywater and waste gas in a biological trickling filter. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2008; 80:2096-2103. [PMID: 19024724 DOI: 10.2175/106143008x266788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological processors are typically used in liquid- and gas-phase remediation as separately staged systems. This research presents a novel application of a biotrickling filter operated for simultaneous treatment of contaminants present in graywater and waste gas (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide). Liquid- and gas-phase contaminants were monitored via bioreactor influent/effluent samples over the course of a 300-day study. An oxygen-based bioassay was used to determine spatial location of the functional groups involved in the biodegradation of surfactants, dissolved hydrogen sulfide, and ammonium. Results indicated that a biotrickling filter is able to support the wide range of microbial species required to degrade the compounds found in graywater and waste gas, maintaining conversion efficiencies greater than 90% for parent surfactant compounds and waste gas constituents. These results provide evidence of an operational scheme that potentially reduces footprint size and cost of graywater/waste gas biotreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric McLamore
- School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA.
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Delhoménie MC, Bibeau L, Heitz M. A Study of the Biofiltration of High-Loads of Toluene in Air: Carbon and Water Balances, Temperature Changes and Nitrogen Effect. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450830201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jeong E, Hirai M, Shoda M. Removal of p-Xylene with Pseudomonas sp. NBM21 in biofilter. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:281-7. [PMID: 17116573 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a p-xylene (p-Xyl)-degrading microorganism, Pseudomonas sp. NBM21 was isolated from an activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant. NBM21 degraded p-Xyl, m-xylene, benzene and toluene, but not o-xylene, ethylbenzene (Eb) and styrene. NBM21 was inoculated to a biofilter with Biosol as a packing material and p-Xyl removal was operated for 105 d under sterile and nonsterile conditions. The maximum elimination capacities for p-Xyl at higher than 90% removal efficiency were 160 g/m3/h and 150 g/m3/h under nonsterile and sterile conditions, respectively. A high load of Eb adversely affected to the removal of xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euisoon Jeong
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Removal of hydrogen sulfide, benzene and toluene by a fluidized bed bioreactor. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02705707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chan AA. Attempted biofiltration of reduced sulphur compounds from a pulp and paper mill in Northern Sweden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Iranpour R, Cox HH, Deshusses MA, Schroeder ED. Literature review of air pollution control biofilters and biotrickling filters for odor and volatile organic compound removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Optimum operating conditions for the removal of volatile organic compounds in a compost-packed biofilter. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02707217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kwang Joong O, Kim YS, Cho SK, Kim D. Degradation of benzene and toluene by a fluidized bed bioreactor including microbial consortium. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02707228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Delhoménie MC, Bibeau L, Bredin N, Roy S, Broussau S, Brzezinski R, Kugelmass JL, Heitz M. Biofiltration of air contaminated with toluene on a compost-based bed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1093-0191(01)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhuang L, Keener TC, Siddiqui KF. Long-term evaluation of an industrial-scale biofilter for odor control at a large metropolitan wastewater treatment plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.670200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liang Y, Quan X, Chen J, Chung JS, Sung JY, Chen S, Xue D, Zhao Y. Long-term results of ammonia removal and transformation by biofiltration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2000; 80:259-269. [PMID: 11080582 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, long-term (>8 month) results of ammonia removal in biofilters was studied. Compost was used as the biofilter medium and activated carbon as an added material. The ammonia removal was normally >95% at influent ammonia concentrations of 20-500ppmv. According to the test results, the influent ammonia concentration should be <200ppmv (0.1570g ammonia/kg media per day) so that the effluent concentration of ammonia is <1.0mg/m(3) (the emission standard of China), and the biofiltration system can achieve good long-term performance. In the biofiltration system utilized in this study, the shortest retention time that the system could attain was 0.532min. However, the retention time can be decreased further without decreasing the ammonia removal efficiency. Countercurrent flow is favorable, as it enhances the moisture retention ability of the media. In the bioreactors, ammonia can be converted into the nitrate. The bioreactors have a stratification phenomenon for ammonia removal over the biofiltration depth, which implies that different parts of the bioreactor play different roles in the ammonia removing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Zhongshan Road 158-129, 116012, Dalian, PR China
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Cook LL, Apel WA, Gostomski PA. Biofiltration of asphalt emissions: Full-scale operation treating off-gases from polymer-modified asphalt production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.670180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chitwood DE, Devinny JS, Edward Reynolds F. Evaluation of a two-stage biofilter for treatment of POTW waste air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.670180318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Webster TS, Devinny JS, Torres EM, Basrai SS. Microbial ecosystems in compost and granular activated carbon biofilters. Biotechnol Bioeng 1997; 53:296-303. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970205)53:3<296::aid-bit8>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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