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Mendoza-Medialdea MT, Meschberger-Annweiler FA, Ascione M, Rueda-Pina A, Rabarbari E, Porras-Garcia B, Ferrer-Garcia M, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J. Body Dissatisfaction and Body-Related Attentional Bias: Is There a Causal Relationship? J Clin Med 2023; 12:5659. [PMID: 37685726 PMCID: PMC10488727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown an association between body dissatisfaction and attentional biases toward the body, but the nature of this relationship is not clear. It is possible that dissatisfaction causes attentional bias or that dissatisfaction is a result of such bias. To clarify the causal relationship between these two variables, this study manipulated dissatisfaction in a sample of healthy women by exposing them to images of "ideal" bodies and observed whether this manipulation increased attentional biases toward different body parts. Fifty-seven women took part in a pre-post experimental design in which they observed an avatar representing themselves in a virtual mirror before and after being exposed to "thin ideal" photographs. Eye-tracking technology was employed to quantify the frequency and duration of fixations on weight-related and weight-unrelated body parts. The outcomes revealed a successful induction of body dissatisfaction, leading participants to display a heightened number of fixations and prolonged fixation durations on unrelated-weight body parts. These findings remained significant after controlling for the effects of trait body dissatisfaction and body mass index. The results imply that heightened body dissatisfaction fosters the aversion of attention from weight-related body parts, which may function as a protective mechanism for preserving self-esteem and promoting psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Mendoza-Medialdea
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron 175, 08035 Barcelona, Spain (E.R.)
| | - Franck-Alexandre Meschberger-Annweiler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron 175, 08035 Barcelona, Spain (E.R.)
| | - Mariarca Ascione
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron 175, 08035 Barcelona, Spain (E.R.)
| | - Alejandra Rueda-Pina
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron 175, 08035 Barcelona, Spain (E.R.)
| | - Elisa Rabarbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron 175, 08035 Barcelona, Spain (E.R.)
| | - Bruno Porras-Garcia
- Brain, Cognition, and Behavior Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Ctr. Torrebonica, s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta Street, s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Ferrer-Garcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron 175, 08035 Barcelona, Spain (E.R.)
| | - José Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron 175, 08035 Barcelona, Spain (E.R.)
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Leppanen J, Brown D, McLinden H, Williams S, Tchanturia K. The Role of Emotion Regulation in Eating Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis Approach. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:793094. [PMID: 35280172 PMCID: PMC8904925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous theoretical models and reviews have documented a strong connection between emotion dysregulation eating disorder (ED) psychopathology among the general and clinical populations. The aim of this review was to build on this previous work by conducting a network meta-analysis to explore associations between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and ED psychopathology trans-diagnostically across the ED spectrum to identify areas of emotion dysregulation that have the strongest association with symptomatology. Methodology A total of 104 studies were included in the meta-analysis and correlation coefficient representing the associations between specific emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were extracted. We ran a Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis and the initial network was well-connected with each emotion regulation strategy being linked to at least one other strategy. We also conducted a network meta-regression to explore whether between-study differences in body mass index (BMI), age, and whether the sample consisted of solely female participants explained any possible network inconsistency. Results The network meta-analysis revealed that ruminations and non-acceptance of emotions were most closely associated with ED psychopathology. There was no significant network inconsistency but two comparisons approached significance and thus meta-regressions were conducted. The meta-regressions revealed a significant effect of BMI such that the associations between different emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were weaker among those with low BMI. Discussion The present findings build on previous work and highlight the role of rumination and difficulties with accepting emotions as key emotion regulation difficulties in EDs. Additionally, the finding that the associations were weaker among ED patients with low BMI may point toward a complex relationship between ED behaviors and emotion regulation. Taken together, our findings call for interventions that target emotion regulation, specifically rumination and difficulties accepting emotions, in the treatment of EDs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021249996, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021249996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Leppanen
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dalia Brown
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah McLinden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust National Eating Disorder Service, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology Department, Illia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Repetitive Negative Thinking and Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of the Role of Worry and Rumination. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112448. [PMID: 34073087 PMCID: PMC8198834 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of worry and rumination in eating disorders (EDs) is controversial. This meta-analysis of the literature is aimed at clarifying the relationship between repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and EDs. In accordance with the PRISMA criteria, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted on PubMed and PsycInfo from inception to March 2021. Search terms: “eating disorder/anorexia/bulimia/binge eating disorder” AND “worry/rumination/brooding/repetitive thinking”. A manual search of reference lists was also run. Forty-three studies were included. RNT was found to be associated with anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. A moderating effect was found for “presence/absence ED diagnosis” and “subtype of ED symptom”. ED patients showed higher RNT than the general population. No differences were observed for age or between worry and rumination in the magnitude of their association with EDs.
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Prefit AB, Cândea DM, Szentagotai-Tătar A. Effects of acceptance and reappraisal on body dissatisfaction: an experimental comparison of two adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:803-809. [PMID: 31016610 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, research has increasingly focused on body dissatisfaction, which is associated with numerous negative psychological and physical health consequences and, more importantly, with the development and maintenance of eating pathology. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we focused on the effect of two adaptive emotion regulation strategies (acceptance and reappraisal) on body dissatisfaction compared to a control group, and pre- and post-induction of body dissatisfaction. METHODS A total of 105 women [mean age (M) = 22.07; standard deviation (SD) = 6.11] were randomly assigned to one of the two emotion regulation conditions: acceptance (n = 35) and reappraisal (n = 35) or to a control group (n = 35). Participants were instructed accordingly with the condition that was assigned (acceptance or reappraisal). Participants were then induced body dissatisfaction by exposure to images representing the female thin-ideal and were asked to respond to their body-related feelings according to the instructions. Outcomes assessed were body dissatisfaction, and positive and negative affect. RESULTS Results indicated a significant increase of body satisfaction in the acceptance and reappraisal conditions from pre- to post-induction of body dissatisfaction, compared to control group which suffered a significant decrease in body satisfaction. Moreover, in the control group, positive affect significantly decreased and negative affect increased from pre- to post-induction, and did not change significantly, neither in the acceptance nor in the reappraisal condition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the positive effects of acceptance and reappraisal as emotion regulation strategies on body dissatisfaction and on positive and negative affect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Experimental study, Level 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Beatrice Prefit
- Evidence-based Assessment and Psychological Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 37, Republicii Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana-Mirela Cândea
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 37, Republicii Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aurora Szentagotai-Tătar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 37, Republicii Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Prefit AB, Cândea DM, Szentagotai-Tătar A. Emotion regulation across eating pathology: A meta-analysis. Appetite 2019; 143:104438. [PMID: 31479694 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this meta-analysis was to examine the associations between specific emotion regulation abilities (emotional awareness, emotional clarity) and strategies (acceptance of emotions, reappraisal, problem-solving, rumination, avoidance of emotions, and suppression), and eating pathology. A total of 96 studies and 239 effect sizes were included in the analysis. Relations between global and specific emotion regulation abilities and strategies and eating disorders and eating-related symptoms were examined. Results indicated medium-to-large effect sizes for the associations between adaptive emotion regulation and eating disorder and eating-related symptoms, and medium-to-large effect sizes for the associations between maladaptive emotion regulation and eating disorders and eating-related symptoms. In terms of specific emotion regulation strategies, large magnitude of associations were identified for the relations between lack of emotional awareness, clarity, acceptance, reappraisal, problem-solving, and eating disorders. Rumination, avoidance of emotions, and suppression also showed large associations with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Overall, emotion regulation did not differ across eating disorders, a finding supporting the transdiagnostic character of emotion regulation problems in eating pathology. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice-Beatrice Prefit
- Evidence-based Assessment and Psychological Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Mirela Cândea
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aurora Szentagotai-Tătar
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Svaldi J, Werle D, Naumann E, Eichler E, Berking M. Prospective associations of negative mood and emotion regulation in the occurrence of binge eating in binge eating disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 115:61-68. [PMID: 31121393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retrospective and experimental data demonstrate the importance of emotion regulation (ER) in the maintenance of binge episodes in binge eating disorder (BED). The current study tested whether mood and ER prospectively influence binge episodes in individuals with BED via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Individuals with BED (n = 79) completed two weeks of EMA. Each sampling point consisted of a series of questions pertaining to participants' mood, ER, and eating behaviour. Successful application of adaptive ER strategies predicted subsequent abstinence, while rumination predicted subsequent binge episodes. However, neither successful application of adaptive ER, nor maladaptive ER, moderated the association between negative mood and probability of binge episodes. This naturalistic study emphasizes the importance of promoting the successful application of adaptive ER skills and cessation of rumination in treatment interventions designed to decrease the occurrence of binge episodes in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Svaldi
- University of Tübingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany.
| | - Dustin Werle
- University of Tübingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Eva Naumann
- University of Tübingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Eva Eichler
- University of Erlangen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- University of Erlangen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
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Rivière J, Rousseau A, Douilliez C. Effects of induced rumination on body dissatisfaction: Is there any difference between men and women? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 61:1-6. [PMID: 29803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rumination is a factor in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction. However, no study has yet investigated the impact of the type of rumination on body image. The first aim of this study was to examine whether the induction of analytic-abstract vs. concrete-experiential rumination affects body dissatisfaction following an induction of negative body image. The second objective was to examine gender differences in these effects. METHODS Following induction of negative body image, 102 university undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions-distraction, concrete rumination or abstract rumination. RESULTS As expected, there were significant main effects of gender and condition, and a significant interaction between gender and condition on change in body dissatisfaction. In women abstract rumination predicted the highest increase in body dissatisfaction, whereas concrete rumination predicted the highest increase in body dissatisfaction in men. LIMITATIONS Given that our sample consisted of undergraduate students, our findings cannot be generalized to clinical sample suffering from eating disorder. CONCLUSIONS The different types of rumination seem to impact differentially body dissatisfaction in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rivière
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Amélie Rousseau
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Douilliez
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Smith KE, Mason TB, Lavender JM. Rumination and eating disorder psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 61:9-23. [PMID: 29703429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is a cognitive process involving repetitive thoughts about negative experiences and emotions and is associated with psychopathology. Rumination has been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders, and there is a growing body of research on rumination in relation to eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. The current meta-analytic review focused on the literature addressing rumination and ED psychopathology. A comprehensive search process identified 38 studies, which primarily used cross-sectional designs with non-clinical samples. Results demonstrated that rumination was concurrently (r = 0.33) and prospectively (r = 0.22-0.23) associated with ED psychopathology, and that groups with ED psychopathology evidenced higher levels of rumination compared to non-ED control groups (g = 0.95), though no significant differences in rumination were observed when comparing anorexia nervosa to bulimia nervosa groups (g = 0.09). In addition, a narrative review of five experimental studies suggested that rumination in response to ED-related stimuli was related to increased negative affect and negative body-related cognitions across clinical and non-clinical samples. The type of rumination and sample population emerged as moderators of effect sizes, such that larger effects were observed among samples using ED-specific measures of rumination and heterogeneous samples compared to only non-clinical samples. Taken together, this literature demonstrates that rumination is a salient process in ED psychopathology, though the literature is characterized by methodological limitations and the need for more fully elaborated theories on the role of rumination in EDs. Findings are discussed in the context of existing models of rumination and ED psychopathology, with suggestions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, United States; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
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Emotion Regulation in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111274. [PMID: 29165348 PMCID: PMC5707746 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present review is to provide a summary of the research findings on emotion regulation in Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Negative emotions and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies play a role in the onset and maintenance of binge eating in BED. Anger and sadness, along with negative emotions related to interpersonal experiences (i.e., disappointment, being hurt or loneliness), seem to be particularly relevant. Individuals with BED have a tendency to suppress and ruminate on their unwanted emotions, which leads to increased psychopathological thoughts and symptoms. Compared to healthy controls, they use adaptive strategies, such as reappraisal, less frequently. Evidence concerning the causal relation between negative affect and binge eating is inconclusive and still very limited. While experimental studies in a laboratory setting lack ecological validity, ecological momentary assessment studies offer more promise at unraveling the causal relationship between emotions and binge eating. Increases in negative affect are found to be antecedents of binge eating in BED. However, there seems to be less support for the possibility that binge eating serves as a means to alleviate negative affect. Finally, BED seems to be related to other forms of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as substance abuse and self-harm.
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Tsai A, Hughes EK, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Buck K, Krug I. The Differential Effects of Mindfulness and Distraction on Affect and Body Satisfaction Following Food Consumption. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1696. [PMID: 29021770 PMCID: PMC5623713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether engaging in mindfulness following food consumption produced changes in affect and body satisfaction, as compared to a control distraction task. The moderating effects of eating pathology and neuroticism were also examined. A total of 110 female university students consumed food and water before engaging in either a mindfulness induction or a control distraction task. Participants completed trait measures of eating pathology and neuroticism at baseline, and measures of state affect and body satisfaction before and after food consumption, and after the induction. Results revealed that consuming food and water reduced positive affect. Unexpectedly, both the mindfulness group and distraction control group experienced similar improvements in negative affect and body satisfaction following the induction. Eating pathology and neuroticism did not moderate the observed changes. These findings suggest that both mindfulness and distraction may contribute to the effectiveness of treatments for disordered eating that incorporate both of these techniques, such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tsai
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Hughes
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberly Buck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wang SB, Lydecker JA, Grilo CM. Rumination in Patients with Binge-Eating Disorder and Obesity: Associations with Eating-Disorder Psychopathology and Weight-bias Internalization. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:98-103. [PMID: 28078784 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Overvaluation of shape and weight in binge-eating disorder (BED) is associated with greater eating-disorder psychopathology and greater weight-bias internalization, which are-in turn-associated with poorer mental and physical health. Little is known, however, about the significance of other cognitive processes, such as rumination, in BED. This study examined rumination and overvaluation of shape/weight with eating-disorder psychopathology and weight-bias internalization among 237 treatment-seeking patients with BED and comorbid obesity. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that rumination was associated with eating-disorder psychopathology and weight-bias internalization above and beyond the influence of overvaluation of shape/weight. Findings suggest that, among patients with BED/obesity, rumination is an important cognitive process associated with severity of eating-disorder psychopathology even after accounting for overvaluation of shape/weight. Patients with greater rumination might be more likely to dwell on weight-based discrimination experiences and internalize these negative attitudes. Additional controlled examination could determine whether rumination represents another potential target for BED/obesity treatment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley B Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, CT, USA
| | | | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, CT, USA
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Juarascio AS, Manasse SM, Espel HM, Schumacher LM, Kerrigan S, Forman EM. A Pilot Study of an Acceptance-based Behavioral Treatment for Binge Eating Disorder. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2017; 6:1-7. [PMID: 28966910 PMCID: PMC5618713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While existing treatments produce remission in a relatively large percentage of individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), room for improvement remains. Interventions designed to increase emotion regulation skills and clarify one's chosen values may be well-suited to address factors known to maintain BED. The current study examined the preliminary efficacy of a group-based treatment, Acceptance-based Behavioral Therapy (ABBT), in a small open trial (n=19), as well as the relationship between changes in hypothesized mechanisms of action and outcomes. ABBT includes the behavioral components of cognitive behavioral treatment for BED and emotion-focused strategies from acceptance and commitment therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy. Results from generalized linear multilevel modeling revealed significant fixed linear effects of time on depression, quality of life, global eating pathology, and binge frequency (all ps < .05). Global eating disorder symptoms appeared to improve rapidly from pre- to mid-treatment, and continued to improve toward post-treatment and follow-up, but at a slower rate. Binge frequency decreased rapidly from pre- to mid-treatment, followed by a slight increase at post-treatment and a reduction again by follow-up. Improvements in experiential acceptance were strongly and consistently related to decreases in overall eating pathology across several measures (rs = .35-.54). Additionally, greater access to emotion regulation strategies was strongly related to decreases in overall eating pathology (r= .67). Preliminary results support the efficacy of this novel treatment approach and indicate that additional research on ABBT for BED is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hallie M Espel
- Drexel University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia PA
| | | | | | - Evan M Forman
- Drexel University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia PA
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Effects of emotional acceptance and rumination on media-induced body dissatisfaction in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:119-25. [PMID: 27491068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Body dissatisfaction is an important risk and maintaining factor for eating disorders. The aim of the present study was to experimentally test the effects of two emotion regulation strategies - acceptance and rumination - on media-induced body dissatisfaction in eating disorders. METHOD After watching pictures of thin models, women with anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 39) and bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 39) were encouraged to either use emotional acceptance or rumination to cope with their feelings. Body dissatisfaction and mood were repeatedly assessed. RESULTS Acceptance significantly improved body dissatisfaction in women with BN. Rumination led to a significant increase of body dissatisfaction in both eating disorder groups. Results were independent from mood changes. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the importance ruminative thinking may have in the aggravation of dissatisfaction with the own body in AN and BN. Results suggest that emotional acceptance is a useful strategy to regulate body dissatisfaction after exposure to thin-ideal media in BN.
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Schäfer JÖ, Naumann E, Fischer M, Bender C, Caffier D, Tuschen-Caffier B. Emotionsregulation und Körperunzufriedenheit bei präadoleszenten Mädchen. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-015-0063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wagner G, Zeiler M, Berger G, Huber WD, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, Karwautz A. Eating Disorders in Adolescents with Celiac Disease: Influence of Personality Characteristics and Coping. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:361-70. [PMID: 26100655 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients suffering from celiac disease (CD) have a higher risk of developing disturbed eating behaviour. METHOD In a multi-centre study, 259 female adolescents with CD and without a chronic condition were analysed regarding their eating disorder (ED) status, depression, personality, coping strategies and quality of life. RESULTS Patients with CD and comorbid EDs were older and more often non-compliant with their diet and had a higher body mass index (BMI) and higher levels of depression. Differences in personality features disappear when controlling for age and depression. Higher ill-being and lower joy in life were reported by patients with CD and ED compared with patients without EDs, even when controlling for age and depression levels. No differences between patients (with CD) with and without EDs in coping strategies were found. BMI and lower self-directedness predicted ED status. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of EDs in patients with CD is suggested and should include BMI and personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berger
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Huber
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Wagner G, Penelo E, Nobis G, Mayrhofer A, Wanner C, Schau J, Spitzer M, Gwinner P, Trofaier ML, Imgart H, Fernandez-Aranda F, Karwautz A. Predictors for Good Therapeutic Outcome and Drop-out in Technology Assisted Guided Self-Help in the Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa and Bulimia like Phenotype. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 23:163-9. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Eva Penelo
- Laboratori d'Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciènces de la Salut; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Gerald Nobis
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Anna Mayrhofer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Christian Wanner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Johanna Schau
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Marion Spitzer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Paulina Gwinner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Marie-Louise Trofaier
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Hartmut Imgart
- Eating Disorders Unit; Parklandklinik; Bad Wildungen Germany
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry -IDIBELL and CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); University Hospital of Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
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