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Reilly EE, Brown TA, Frank GKW. Perceptual Dysfunction in Eating Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38730196 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by abnormal responses to food and weight-related stimuli and are associated with significant distress, impairment, and poor outcomes. Because many of the cardinal symptoms of EDs involve disturbances in perception of one's body or abnormal affective or cognitive reactions to food intake and how that affects one's size, there has been longstanding interest in characterizing alterations in sensory perception among differing ED diagnostic groups. Within the current review, we aimed to critically assess the existing research on exteroceptive and interoceptive perception and how sensory perception may influence ED behavior. Overall, existing research is most consistent regarding alterations in taste, visual, tactile, and gastric-specific interoceptive processing in EDs, with emerging work indicating elevated respiratory and cardiovascular sensitivity. However, this work is far from conclusive, with most studies unable to speak to the precise etiology of observed perceptual differences in these domains and disentangle these effects from affective and cognitive processes observed within EDs. Further, existing knowledge regarding perceptual disturbances in EDs is limited by heterogeneity in methodology, lack of multimodal assessment protocols, and inconsistent attention to different ED diagnoses. We propose several new avenues for improving neurobiology-informed research on sensory processing to generate actionable knowledge that can inform the development of innovative interventions for these serious disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany A Brown
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Guido K W Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Wang L, Tan Y, Yao L, He D. A taste alteration-related scale assesses megestrol to improve chemotherapy-induced anorexia. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:300. [PMID: 38644409 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy of megestrol in improving chemotherapy-related anorexia by analyzing the related scales of taste alteration. METHODS We conducted the current study on a group of advanced patients with cancer with two or more chemotherapy cycles. The chemotherapy-induced taste alteration scale (CiTAs) scale helped assess the megestrol effects on basic taste perception, aversive taste changes, unpleasant symptoms, and associated concerns. Furthermore, the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire scale (SNAQ) helped measure the impact of megestrol on malnutrition likelihood in patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced anorexia. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF Scale was used to evaluate the quality of life of participants, producing scores related to physical health, psychological well-being, environmental factors, and social relationships. RESULTS The CiTAs scale assessment indicated that administering megestrol significantly enhanced taste perception among advanced patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Notably, the megestrol group patients showed significantly higher Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) scores than the control group. The megestrol group patients also exhibited higher physiological (PHYS) scores than their control group counterparts. However, this distinction was not statistically significant. The study findings indicate that patients who received megestrol demonstrated significantly higher scores in psychological (PSYCH) and environmental(ENVIR) domains than the control group. Furthermore, megestrol administration was associated with significantly elevated SOCIL and ENVIR levels in patients. CONCLUSION The proficient efficacy evaluation of megestrol in enhancing appetite, mitigating malnutrition likelihood, and improving the quality of life of chemotherapy-induced anorexic patients can be achieved through taste-related scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology Ward 3, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaling Tan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology Ward 3, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Daqiang He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Breton E, Fotso Soh J, Booij L. Immunoinflammatory processes: Overlapping mechanisms between obesity and eating disorders? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104688. [PMID: 35594735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and eating disorders are conditions that involve eating behaviors and are sometimes comorbid. Current evidence supports alterations in immunoinflammatory processes in both obesity and eating disorders. A plausible hypothesis is that immunoinflammatory processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and eating disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight the link between obesity and eating disorders, with a particular focus on immunoinflammatory processes. First, the relation between obesity and eating disorders will be presented, followed by a brief review of the literature on their association with immunoinflammatory processes. Second, developmental factors will be discussed to clarify the link between obesity, eating disorders, and immunoinflammatory processes. Genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as the potential roles of stress pathways and early life development will be presented. Finally, implications of these findings for future research are discussed. This review highlighted biological and developmental aspects that overlap between obesity and EDs, emphasizing the need for biopsychosocial research approaches to advance current knowledge and practice in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Breton
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Fotso Soh
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - L Booij
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
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Psychophysical chemosensory dysfunction in eating disorders: a qualitative systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:429-447. [PMID: 33876410 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with chemosensory dysfunction experience significant quality of life disruptions, including reduced enjoyment of eating. While chemosensory dysfunction has been associated with eating disorders, the relationship is poorly understood. This systematic review aims to characterize psychophysical gustation and olfaction in patients with eating disorders. METHODS Systematic review of investigations assessing psychophysical chemosensory function in patients with organic eating disorders. RESULTS 26 studies were included. Five studies assessed both chemosenses, while 12 and 9 assessed exclusively gustation or olfaction, respectively. In total, 779 patients were included [72.4% anorexia nervosa (AN), 26.7% bulimia nervosa (BN), 0.8% combined AN/BN]. Patients with eating disorders experienced rates of hypogeusia up to 87% in AN and 84.6% in BN. There was evidence for alterations in psychophysical olfaction, but orientation of trends were less clear. Chemosensory dysfunction was more evident in AN patients. Treatment correlated with improved chemosensory function. CONCLUSIONS Despite heterogeneity in study methodology and results, this review demonstrates that patients with eating disorders experience some degree of chemosensory dysfunction, particularly in gustation. This symptomatology overlaps with those experienced by patients with other causes of chemosensory impairment. These findings suggest potential broad psychosocial, dietary, and mental health implications in patient populations experiencing chemosensory dysfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Hartman-Petrycka M, Klimacka-Nawrot E, Ziora K, Suchecka W, Gorczyca P, Rojewska K, Błońska-Fajfrowska B. Sweet, Salty, and Umami Taste Sensitivity and the Hedonic Perception of Taste Sensations in Adolescent Females with Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051042. [PMID: 35268017 PMCID: PMC8912533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform analysis of sensitivity to sweet, salty, and umami tastes based on three measurement methods and of the hedonic perception of taste sensations in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of the research was to confirm the results of other authors in terms of the perception of sweet and salty taste in patients with AN, and then develop knowledge about the perception of umami taste, which is still insufficiently studied. METHOD A total of 110 females with an age ranging from 13 to 19 years, including 50 newly diagnosed patients with a restrictive subtype of AN and 60 healthy controls participated in gustatory research involving analyses of taste perception (recognition thresholds, ability to identify the taste correctly, taste intensity, and hedonic response) applying the sip and spit method. RESULTS Females with AN showed reduced sensitivity to salty taste and increased sensitivity to umami taste and, more often than healthy controls, wrongly classified the taste of solutions with a low sucrose concentration. Patients with AN assessed the sodium chloride and monosodium glutamate tastes less negatively than did control participants, and they did not show differences in their hedonic assessment of sucrose. CONCLUSIONS The taste sensitivity alterations in females with AN demonstrated in this paper do not entail decreased hedonic assessment of taste experiences. Based on our results, we cannot consider the observed variation in taste sensitivity in patients with AN to be a factor that increases their negative attitude toward food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.K.-N.); (W.S.); (B.B.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-322699830
| | - Ewa Klimacka-Nawrot
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.K.-N.); (W.S.); (B.B.-F.)
| | - Katarzyna Ziora
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Wanda Suchecka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.K.-N.); (W.S.); (B.B.-F.)
| | - Piotr Gorczyca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Rojewska
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Public Clinical Hospital No.1, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.K.-N.); (W.S.); (B.B.-F.)
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Mendoza CJ, Palka JM, Pelfrey SE, Hunt BJ, Krawczyk DC, McAdams CJ. Neural processes related to negative self-concept in adult and adolescent anorexia nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:23-35. [PMID: 34655143 PMCID: PMC9233497 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative self-concept is characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the neural processes mediating this component of AN is unknown. These studies investigated how valence and social perspectives impact neural processing in both adults and adolescents with AN. METHOD In an fMRI task, participants evaluated positive and negative adjectives from three social perspectives. Two studies were completed, one in 59 women (healthy, with AN, recovered from AN) and one in 42 adolescents (healthy, with AN). Neural regions of interest (ROIs) related to valence were identified and activations compared across groups and social perspectives. RESULTS Behaviourally, both adult and adolescent cohorts with AN were less positive during self-evaluations. In the adult study, neural differences related to clinical group and condition were observed in ROIs more responsive to positive social stimuli (medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, left temporoparietal junction) but not in ROIs more responsive to negative social stimuli. No neural differences in relation to clinical group were observed in the adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Behavioural differences related to negative self-concept are present in both adolescents and adults with AN, and neural differences, selective for positive social stimuli, were also observed in adults. AN may interfere with neurodevelopmental processes involved in positive self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlisdania J. Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jayme M. Palka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Sarah E. Pelfrey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bethany J. Hunt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel C. Krawczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Carrie J. McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Psychiatry, Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX;,Corresponding author: Carrie McAdams MD PhD, 6363 Forest Park Rd. BL6.204, Dallas, TX 75390-8828, Phone: 214-648-4145, Fax: 214-648-5321,
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Roelofs TJM, Luijendijk MCM, van der Toorn A, Camps G, Smeets PAM, Dijkhuizen RM, Adan RAH. Good taste or gut feeling? A new method in rats shows oro-sensory stimulation and gastric distention generate distinct and overlapping brain activation patterns. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1116-1126. [PMID: 32671875 PMCID: PMC8359261 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Satiation is influenced by a variety of signals including gastric distention and oro-sensory stimulation. Here we developed a high-field (9.4 T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol to test how oro-sensory stimulation and gastric distention, as induced with a block-design paradigm, affect brain activation under different states of energy balance in rats. Repeated tasting of sucrose induced positive and negative fMRI responses in the ventral tegmental area and septum, respectively, and gradual neural activation in the anterior insula and the brain stem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), as revealed using a two-level generalized linear model-based analysis. These unique findings align with comparable human experiments, and are now for the first time identified in rats, thereby allowing for comparison between species. Gastric distention induced more extensive brain activation, involving the insular cortex and NTS. Our findings are largely in line with human studies that have shown that the NTS is involved in processing both visceral information and taste, and anterior insula in processing sweet taste oro-sensory signals. Gastric distention and sucrose tasting induced responses in mesolimbic areas, to our knowledge not previously detected in humans, which may reflect the rewarding effects of a full stomach and sweet taste, thereby giving more insight into the processing of sensory signals leading to satiation. The similarities of these data to human neuroimaging data demonstrate the translational value of the approach and offer a new avenue to deepen our understanding of the process of satiation in healthy people and those with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia J. M. Roelofs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image SciencesUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Mieneke C. M. Luijendijk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image SciencesUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Guido Camps
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul A. M. Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands,Image Sciences Institute, Brain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rick M. Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image SciencesUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Roger A. H. Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgSweden
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Cook-Cottone C, Cox AE, Neumark-Sztainer D, Tylka TL. Future directions for research on yoga and positive embodiment. Eat Disord 2020; 28:542-547. [PMID: 32964816 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2020.1763113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article provides the concluding thoughts on the special issue, Yoga for Positive Embodiment in Eating Disorder Prevention and Treatment, which illustrate the progress being made on the relationship between yoga practice and the different indicators of positive embodiment that is relevant for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders. Based on the current body or work, we offer recommendations for the next steps for researchers for population-based, qualitative, and prevention and intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cook-Cottone
- School, and Educational Ps, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne Elizabeth Cox
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University , Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
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