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Gao Y. Application of toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models in the aquatic ecological risk assessment of metals: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104511. [PMID: 39025423 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The issue of toxic metal pollution is a considerable environmental concern owing to its complex nature, spatial and temporal variability, and susceptibility to environmental factors. Current water quality criteria and ecological risk assessments of metals are based on single-metal toxicity data from short-term, simplified indoor exposure conditions, ignoring the complexity of actual environmental conditions. This results in increased uncertainty in predicting toxic metal toxicity and risk assessment. Using appropriate bioavailability and effect modeling of metals is critical for establishing environmental quality standards and performing risk assessments for metals. Traditional dose-effect models are based on a static statistical relationship and fall short of revealing the bioavailability and effect processes of metals and do not effectively assess ecological impacts under complex exposure conditions. This paper summarizes the toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model, which is gaining interest in environmental and ecotoxicological research. The key concepts, and theories of its construction theories, are discussed and the application of the TK-TD model in toxicity prediction and risk assessment of different metals in the aquatic environment, and trends in the development of the TK-TD model are highlighted. The findings of our review prove that the TK-TD model can effectively predict toxic metal toxicity in real time and under complex exposure conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Gao
- College of Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Shuren University), Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
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Ardestani MM, van Gestel CAM. Biotic Ligand Modeling for the Effect of Major Cations on the Uptake of Cadmium in Folsomia candida Exposed in a Sand-Solution Medium. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38421212 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biotic ligand modeling (BLM) approaches are already applied to predict the bioavailability and possible risk of metals in surface water, but need further development for soils. The present study investigated the effect of major cations (Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ , K+ , and H+ ) on cadmium bioaccumulation in the springtail Folsomia candida. To avoid the complexity of real soils and enable control of elemental speciation in the exposure medium, the animals were exposed to different cadmium concentrations in an inert quartz sand-solution medium. Accumulation of cadmium in the animals was measured after 7 days exposure at different cation concentrations. Among the cations, only Ca2+ significantly affected the uptake of cadmium in the springtails. Mg2+ also had higher effects compared with other selected cations. Using a BLM approach, the uptake of cadmium in the animals predicted by taking into account both Ca2+ and Mg2+ activities correlated well with the measured values (R2 = 0.68). The final estimated conditional binding constants for cadmium (log KCd-BL ), Ca (log KCa-BL ), and Mg (log KMg-BL ) of 1.06, 2.14, and 1.23 L/mol, respectively, were in agreement with previously reported values. The match between predicted and measured uptake data confirms the applicability and usefulness of the BLM for predicting the bioavailability of cadmium to springtails and opens the way for its application in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-7. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of Ag nanomaterials (NM300K) in the soil environment-impact on Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114599. [PMID: 36738615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) is one of the most used elements in the nanomaterials (NMs) form, which upon release to the environment can be harmful to organisms. We compared the toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD) of Ag from AgNO3 (0, 15, 45, 135, 405 mg Ag/kg soil) and AgNM300K (0, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200 mg Ag/kg soil) in the model organism Enchytraeus crypticus. Organisms were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil, and besides body Ag concentrations, survival and reproduction were determined, in a time series (for 21 days). In the soil, the available (CaCl2 extractable) Ag fraction from Ag NM300K increased from 0 to 21 days but did not consistently change for AgNO3. Internal concentrations reached equilibrium in most exposures to both Ag forms. The organisms were able to internalize and eliminate Ag, but less when exposed to Ag NM300K. The overall uptake rate constants for Ag from AgNO3 and Ag NM300K exposures were 0.05 and 0.06 kg soil/kg organism/day, respectively, the elimination rate constants 0.2 and 0.1 day-1, respectively. For AgNO3 the median lethal concentrations decreased steadily with time, while for Ag NM300K they remained constant during the first 10 days of exposure followed by a 2-fold decline in the last 7 days. The 21-d LC50s for both Ag forms were similar but the LC50inter (based on internal concentrations) were 63 and 121 mg Ag/kg body DW (Dry Weight) for AgNO3 and Ag NM300K, respectively, showing higher toxicity of AgNO3. These results show the importance of assessing time to toxicity, a relevant factor in toxicity assessment, especially for NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of chromium in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159868. [PMID: 36328254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromium emissions led to increased concentrations in soil, where it can affect soil organisms to relevant levels. With the aim of better understanding the effects of Cr throughout time, its toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TKTD) were evaluated in the soil model organism Enchytraeus crypticus to assess the development of internal concentrations and consequent toxic effects. To achieve this goal, organisms were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil spiked with increasing CrCl3 concentrations. During the 21-day exposure period, survival, internal concentrations, and reproduction were evaluated at several time points up to 21 days. Uptake and elimination rate constants were 0.0044 kg soil/kg organism/day and 0.023 per day, respectively. Internal Cr concentrations increased with time, generally reaching equilibrium within 14 days with an estimated LC50inter (based on internal metal concentrations) of 57.7 mg Cr/kg body DW. Internal Cr concentrations were regulated by the organisms up to exposure to 360 mg Cr/kg soil DW, where the elimination rate was highest, but at 546 mg Cr/kg soil DW the animals were no longer able to eliminate Cr, and the internal concentrations were well above the estimated LC50inter. At day 21, exposure to 546 mg Cr/kg soil DW significantly reduced survival by 23 %, while reproduction EC50 was 344 mg Cr/kg soil DW. This study highlights the advantages of using a TKTD approach to understand the development of internal metal concentrations in time and relate it to the phenotypical effects observed. Toxicity is better understood when also taking into account time and not just exposure concentration alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113485. [PMID: 35390690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TKTD) of Cu and Cd in the soil model organism Enchytraeus crypticus, and assess the development of internal effect concentrations over time. Animals were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil spiked with increasing concentrations of Cu and Cd. Survival, reproduction and internal metal concentrations in the animals were evaluated at different points in time over a period of 21 days. Internal concentrations increased with time, for Cu reaching a steady state after c. 10 days, except for the highest test concentration, and for Cd continuing to increase after 21 days. Applying a one-compartment model to all data together, estimated uptake and elimination rate constants for Cu and Cd were 0.08 and 0.45 kg soil/kg organism/day and 0.4 and 0.04 per day, respectively. Median lethal concentrations, based on total soil concentrations, decreased with time for Cu and did not reach a steady state level, but they did not change with time for Cd. The LC50inter (based on internal concentrations) was 75 mg Cu/kg body DW and > 800 mg Cd/kg body weight. Animals were able to regulate Cu internal concentrations, keeping them low, while for Cd internal concentrations continued to increase showing lack of regulation and also the importance of exposure time. This study highlights the advantages of using a TKTD approach to understand the relation between organism survival and internal Cu or Cd concentrations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Gao Y, Xie Z, Feng M, Feng J, Zhu L. A biological characteristic extrapolation of compound toxicity for different developmental stage species with toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111043. [PMID: 32888597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific difference in toxicity brings uncertainty to ecological risk assessment (ERA) and water quality criteria (WQC) of chemicals. Here, we compared intraspecies sensitivity to toxicants for Mesocyclops leuckarti of which toxicity data was obtained from published literatures, and zebrafish Danio rerio of which toxicity data was done in this study). Due to the internal concentration of chemicals not measured, simplified toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) models were used, and we investigated whether TK-TD parameters estimated by Bayesian method might represent the differences in sensitivity between life-stages of 2 species. The results demonstrated that the difference in TK-TD parameters (background mortality m0, no effect concentration NEC, the killing rate ks, and the dominant rate kd) could represent the toxicity difference between life-stages of individual species. The TK-TD model could predict toxicity in individual species (Cyprinus carpio L., Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida, Hyalella Azteca) exposed to different chemical concentrations and successfully extrapolate toxicity between different life stages of Mesocyclops leuckarti and Danio rerio by scaling several TK-TD parameters. The modified TK-TD model on the extrapolation toxicity of chemicals between life stages for species could be useful for the ERA and for deriving and revising WQC for chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhicheng Xie
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Mingfeng Feng
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Ardestani MM, Keshavarz-Jamshidian M, van Gestel CAM, van Straalen NM. Avoidance tests with the oribatid mite Oppia nitens (Acari: Oribatida) in cadmium-spiked natural soils. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:81-93. [PMID: 32812208 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Avoidance behavior can be a useful parameter for assessing the ability of organisms to escape from pollutants in their environment. For soil evaluation, a variety of invertebrates is used including the oribatid mite Oppia nitens. Here, we tested the avoidance behavior of O. nitens using a two-chamber test and an escape test with exposures to different cadmium concentrations of up to 800 mg kg-1 dry LUFA 2.2 soil for 2, 4, and 6 days, and up to 7 weeks. With the two-chamber method, the oribatid mites had the choice between clean and polluted soils, whereas they were allowed to escape from a box with polluted soil to clean containers without soil with the escape method. Avoidance of cadmium was observed after 2 days in both tests and the net response of the mites in the two-chamber test increased with increasing cadmium exposure concentrations. Mite responses varied through time, especially with the escape method; with the avoidance behavior becoming more variable and overall non-significant with longer test durations. This is the first study investigating the escape test simultaneously with long-term avoidance of cadmium by O. nitens. This mite species is a promising species for avoidance testing in soil ecotoxicology, but more experiments are needed to evaluate the factors that influence its responses in laboratory tests and the consequences for its distribution in contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Miao X, Bu R, Liu Y, Li B, Zhang X, Xing H, Li G. An Integrated TK-TD Model for Evaluation of Radix Aconitikusnezoffii (RAK). Pharmacology 2020; 105:669-680. [PMID: 32694254 DOI: 10.1159/000507866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An integrated TK-TD model with indirect response to toxicity was established using ADAPT 5 to evaluate abnormal heart rate (HR) and QT interval changes caused by Radix Aconitikusnezoffii (RAK). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from male SD rats, which were divided into the blank and RAK groups. HR and QT interval indicators were recorded. Four alternative TK models were analyzed, and the best fitting model was determined. An indirect toxicodynamics model was selected, and the relationship of plasma concentration-time-toxicity was linked by Hill's equation. RESULTS A 1-compartment linear first-order elimination kinetic model with the biophase model - an indirect toxic effect response model - best described the data. The high-dose QT interval was evaluated. Model simulation with the ML method showed that the fitting values of 0-15 h all fell within the confidence interval (95%). AMOS analysis showed that almost all the load factor of the variable was >0.7, and the χ2 value was 4.169 indicating a significant difference. Load factor (correlation coefficient) between the HR and QT intervals was -0.965, indicating negative correlation. CONCLUSIONS The integrated TK-TD model with linear atrioventricular first-order elimination kinetics and indirect response represents a novel mathematical method to evaluate drug-induced changes in HR and QT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ren Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, The Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China,
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Ardestani MM. Comparison Among Test Substrates in Metal Uptake and Toxicity to Folsomia candida and Hordeum vulgare. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:400-410. [PMID: 32077985 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this short review was to assess the effect of test medium on the bioavailability of metals to the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida and the barley plant Hordeum vulgare. Solution-only exposures and sand-solution media were suitable media with control survival of > 80%. Comparing toxicity and accumulation data, LC50 and/or EC50 values as well as internal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) were similar in the tests with different porewater composition for springtails and barley plants. Similar results for toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu using different test substrates, suggest the importance of physiological handling of the effects by the organisms rather than the influence of test medium composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Wang WX, Tan QG. Applications of dynamic models in predicting the bioaccumulation, transport and toxicity of trace metals in aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1561-1573. [PMID: 31277025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review evaluates the three dynamic models (biokinetic model: BK, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model: PBPK, and toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model: TKTD) in our understanding of the key questions in metal ecotoxicology in aquatic systems, i.e., bioaccumulation, transport and toxicity. All the models rely on the first-order kinetics principle of metal uptake and elimination. The BK model basically treats organisms as a single compartment, and is both physiologically and geochemically based. With a good understanding of each kinetic parameter, bioaccumulation of metals in any aquatic organisms can be studied holistically and mechanistically. Modeling efforts are not merely restrained from the prediction of metal accumulation in the tissues, but instead provide the direction of the key processes that need to be addressed. PBPK is more physiologically based since it mainly addresses the transportation, transformation and distribution of metals in the organisms. It can be treated conceptually as a multi-compartmental kinetic model, whereas the physiology is driving the development of any good PBPK model which is no generic for aquatic animals and contaminants. There are now increasingly applications of the PBPK modeling specifically in metal studies, which reveal many important processes that are impossible to be teased out by direct experimental measurements without adequate modeling. TKTD models further focus on metal toxicity in addition to metal bioaccumulation. The TK part links exposure and bioaccumulation, while the TD part links bioaccumulation and toxic effects. The separation of TK and TD makes it possible to model processes, e.g., toxicity modification by environmental factors, interaction between different metals, at both the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic levels. TKTD models provide a framework for making full use of metal toxicity data, and thus provide more information for environmental risk assessments. Overall, the three models reviewed here will continue to provide guiding principles in our further studies of metal bioaccumulation and toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Wang
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems of Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
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Jegede OO, Awuah KF, Fajana HO, Owojori OJ, Hale BA, Siciliano SD. The forgotten role of toxicodynamics: How habitat quality alters the mite, Oppia nitens, susceptibility to zinc, independent of toxicokinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:444-454. [PMID: 31003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil habitat quality is thought to influence metal toxicity via changes in speciation and thereby toxicokinetics. Here, we assessed the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects of habitat quality on mite, Oppia nitens when exposed to zinc (Zn) contaminated soils. Forty-seven soils were ranked into three habitat qualities; high, medium, and low based on biological reproduction of Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus, and Elymus lanceolatus. From the 47 soils, eighteen soils (comprising of six soils from each habitat quality) were randomly selected and dosed with field relevant concentrations of Zn. Mite survival and reproduction were assessed after 28 days. Total Zn, bioaccessible Zn, Zn bioavailability, Zn body burden, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities of the mites were determined. Zinc toxicity and potency were much less in the high compared to low quality soils and the mites in the high habitat quality soils tolerated higher zinc body burdens (2040 ± 130 μg/g b.w) than the lower habitat quality (1180 ± 310 μg/g b.w). Lower LDH activity (20 ± 2 μU mg-1) in the high quality soils compared to lower quality soils (50 ± 8 μU mg-1) suggested that there was less stress in the high habitat quality mites. Despite changes in speciation across habitat qualities, bioavailability of zinc was similar (∼20%) irrespective of habitat quality. Our results suggest that the influence of soil properties on survival is modulated by toxicodynamics rather than toxicokinetics. Restoring habitat quality may be more important for soil invertebrate protection than metal concentration at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3.
| | - Kobby F Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Olugbenga J Owojori
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Beverley A Hale
- Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
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Ardestani MM, van Gestel CAM. The effect of major cations on the toxicity of cadmium to Folsomia candida in a sand-solution medium analyzed by biotic ligand modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:19-25. [PMID: 30529937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and H+) on cadmium toxicity to the springtail Folsomia candida. Survival of the animals was determined after seven days exposure to different cadmium concentrations in an inert sand-solution medium, in different experimental setups with modification of the cation concentrations. Among the cations tested, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had protective effects on the toxicity of cadmium to the springtails while Na+, K+, and H+ showed less competition with free cadmium ions for binding to the uptake sites of the collembolans. Toxicity predicted with a biotic ligand model agreed well with the observed values. Calculated conditional binding constants and the fraction of biotic ligands occupied by cadmium to show 50% effects were similar to values reported in the literature. The results emphasize the important role of solution chemistry in determining metal toxicity to soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague, CZ-12801, Czech Republic; Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Son J, Lee YS, Lee SE, Shin KI, Cho K. Bioavailability and Toxicity of Copper, Manganese, and Nickel in Paronychiurus kimi (Collembola), and Biomarker Discovery for Their Exposure. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:142-152. [PMID: 27858106 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability and toxicity of Cu, Mn, and Ni in Paronychiurus kimi were investigated after 28 days of exposure to OECD artificial soil spiked with these metals. Uptake and effect of Cu, Mn, and Ni on the reproduction of P. kimi were related to different metal fractions (water-soluble, 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable or porewater metal concentrations). Cu and Mn concentrations in P. kimi increased with increasing Cu and Mn concentrations in the soil, while Ni contents in P. kimi reached a plateau at a concentration higher than 200 mg/kg in soil. Both uptake and juvenile production related well to different metal fractions, suggesting that these metal fractions are suitable for assessing bioavailability and toxicity of metals in P. kimi. When toxicity for reproduction was compared, as reflected by EC50 values, the order of metal toxicity varied depending upon how exposure concentration was expressed. Moreover, the results of proteomic analysis showed that several proteins involved in the immune system, neuronal outgrowth, and metal ion binding were up-regulated in P. kimi following short-term (7 days) exposure to sublethal level (corresponding to 50% of the EC50) of Cu, Mn, or Ni, respectively. This suggests that the ecotoxicoproteomic approach seems to be a promising tool for early exposure warnings below which significant adverse effects are unlikely to occur. This study demonstrated that a combination of chemical and biological measures can provide information about metal bioavailability and toxicity to which P. kimi has been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Son
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
| | - Key-Il Shin
- Department of Statistics, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin-Si, 17035, Korea
| | - Kijong Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea.
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Roh JY, Lee HJ, Kwon JH. Internal Concentration and Time Are Important Modifiers of Toxicity: The Case of Chlorpyrifos on Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9689-96. [PMID: 27490261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The internal concentration of chemicals in exposed organisms changes over time due to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes since chemicals are taken up from the environment. Internal concentration and time are very important modifiers of toxicity when biomarkers are used to evaluate the potential hazards and risks of environmental pollutants. In this study, the responses of molecular biomarkers, and the fate of chemicals in the body, were comprehensively investigated to determine cause-and-effect relationships over time. Chlorpyrifos (CP) was selected as a model chemical, and Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to CP for 4 h using the passive dosing method. Worms were then monitored in fresh medium during a 48-h recovery regime. The mRNA expression of genes related to CYP metabolism (cyp35a2 and cyp35a3) increased during the constant exposure phase. The body residue of CP decreased once it reached a peak level during the early stage of exposure, indicating that the initial uptake of CP rapidly induced biotransformation with the synthesis of new CYP metabolic proteins. The residual chlorpyrifos-oxon concentration, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, continuously increased even after the recovery regime started. These delayed toxicokinetics seem to be important for the extension of AChE inhibition for up to 9 h after the start of the recovery regime. Comprehensive investigation into the molecular initiation events and changes in the internal concentrations of chemical species provide insight into response causality within the framework of an adverse outcome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Roh
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Gao Y, Feng J, Zhu L. Prediction of acute toxicity of cadmium and lead to zebrafish larvae by using a refined toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:37-45. [PMID: 26513221 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The biotic ligand model (BLM) and the toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model are essential in predicting the acute toxicity of metals in various species and exposure conditions; however, these models are usually separately utilized. In this study, a mechanistic TK-TD model was developed to predict the acute toxicity of 10(-6)M Cd and 10(-6)M Pb to zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. The novel approach links the BLM with relevant TK processes to simulate the bioaccumulation processes of Cd or Pb as a function of the maximum uptake rate of each metal, the affinity constants, and the concentrations of free metal ions and H(+) in test solutions. Results showed that the refined TK-TD model can accurately predict the accumulation and acute toxicity of Cd and Pb to zebrafish larvae at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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16
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Ardestani MM, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. The relationship between metal toxicity and biotic ligand binding affinities in aquatic and soil organisms: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:133-47. [PMID: 25217851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a theoretical, potentially mechanistic approach to assess metal bioavailability in soil and aquatic systems. In a BLM, toxicity is linked to the fraction of biotic ligand occupied, which in turn, depends on the various components of the solution, including activity of the metal. Bioavailability is a key factor in determining toxicity and uptake of metals in organisms. In this study, the present status of BLM development for soil and aquatic organisms is summarized. For all species and all metals, toxicity was correlated with the conditional biotic ligand binding constants. For almost all organisms, values for Ag, Cu, and Cd were higher than those for Zn and Ni. The constants derived for aquatic systems seem to be equally valid for soil organisms, but in the case of soils, bioavailability from the soil solution is greatly influenced by the presence of the soil solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ardestani MM, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. Uptake and elimination kinetics of metals in soil invertebrates: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:277-295. [PMID: 25043314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and elimination kinetics of metals in soil invertebrates are a function of both soil and organism properties. This study critically reviewed metal toxicokinetics in soil invertebrates and its potential use for assessing bioavailability. Uptake and elimination rate constants of different metals are summarized. Invertebrates have different strategies for essential and non-essential metals. As a consequence, different types of models must be applied to describe metal uptake and elimination kinetics. We discuss model parameters for each metal separately and show how they are influenced by exposure concentrations and by physiological properties of the organisms. Soil pH, cation exchange capacity, clay and organic matter content significantly affect uptake rates of non-essential metals in soil invertebrates. For essential metals, kinetics is hardly influenced by soil properties, but rather prone to physiological regulation mechanisms of the organisms. Our analysis illustrates that toxicokinetics can be a valuable measurement to assess bioavailability of soil-bound metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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