1
|
Rojo M, Cristos D, González P, López-Aca V, Dománico A, Carriquiriborde P. Accumulation of human pharmaceuticals and activity of biotransformation enzymes in fish from two areas of the lower Rio de la Plata Basin. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129012. [PMID: 33272666 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of four human pharmaceuticals active compounds (HPhAC) in the muscle of four fish species of the Rio de la Plata Basin were assessed regarding the compound logP and pKa, and fish trophic levels. For Prochilodus lineatus, accumulation was compared to hepatic biotransformation enzymes and fish from two sampling areas with different urbanization degree. Species were the detritivore Prochilodus lineatus, the omnivores Megaleporinus obtusidens and Pimelodus maculatus, and the piscivorous Salminus brasiliensis. Sampling areas were the Inner Rio de la Plata Estuary (RLP), in front of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, and at the Lower Uruguay River (URU), a relatively unpopulated area. Carbamazepine, atenolol, enalapril, and sildenafil concentrations in fish muscle were analyzed by HPLC-MS. EROD, BROD, and GST activities were measured in P. lineatus liver. Average (maximum) concentrations and detection frequency were: Atenolol 24.4 (69.4) μg kg-1, 60%; carbamazepine 5.5 (45.8) μg kg-1, 19%; enalapril 7.0 (56.9) μg kg-1, 28%; sildenafil 17.1 (71.6) μg kg-1, 56%. Enalapril and sildenafil detection in fish was first-time reported. Atenolol and carbamazepine concentrations were positively correlated. No correlation was observed between HPhAC accumulation and logP or pKa. A potential biomagnification trend was observed for atenolol, showing higher accumulation in S. brasiliensis. HPhACs accumulation was higher for P. lineatus collected at URU, but GST and BROD were significantly higher for individuals sampled at RLP and were positively correlated. A significant negative correlation was observed for enalapril and BROD. The study contributes to the knowledge of the accumulation of HPhACs in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Argentina
| | - D Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria (CIA-INTA), Argentina
| | - P González
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Argentina
| | - V López-Aca
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Argentina
| | - A Dománico
- Dirección de Pesca Continental- Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura de La Nación, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina; Comisión Administradora Del Río Uruguay (CARU), Argentina
| | - P Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Argentina; Comisión Administradora Del Río Uruguay (CARU), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taylor AC, Fones GR, Vrana B, Mills GA. Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:20-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1675043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Taylor
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gary R. Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gundersen DT, Zeug SC, Bringolf RB, Merz J, Jackson Z, Webb MAH. Tissue Contaminant Burdens in San Francisco Estuary White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): Implications for Population Recovery. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:334-347. [PMID: 28528414 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The San Francisco Estuary (SFE) is heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities, including historic and chronic contaminant inputs. These contaminants can adversely affect SFE fish populations, particularly white sturgeon, because they are a benthic dwelling, long-lived species. We measured a suite of metals and organic contaminants in liver and gonad tissues of 25 male and 32 female white sturgeon as well as several physiological indicators of sturgeon health. Most sturgeon (68% of males and 83% of females) were estimated to be between 13 and 17 years of age. Sturgeon tissues had elevated concentrations of several metals, including As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, and Zn. The most frequently detected organic contaminants in sturgeon livers and gonads were DDE, PCBs, PBDEs, and galaxolide. Selenium was detected at levels similar to those shown to cause impaired liver physiology and reproductive success in white sturgeon. Observed Hg levels were higher than those shown to result in lower condition factor and gonadosomatic indices in white sturgeon. Liver galaxolide levels correlated with decreased plasma estradiol levels in female sturgeon. The Cd, As, and Cu warrant further investigation, because they were detected at levels known to impair fish health. Our results suggest contaminants are negatively affecting SFE white sturgeon health and fitness. Future SFE white sturgeon contaminant research is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deke T Gundersen
- Environmental Science Program, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, USA
| | | | - Robert B Bringolf
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Merz
- Cramer Fish Sciences, Auburn, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | | | - Molly A H Webb
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodrigues ACF, Moneró TDO, Frighetto RTS, de Almeida EA. E2 potentializes benzo(a)pyrene-induced hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in Nile tilapia at high concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17367-17374. [PMID: 25280508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, biotransformation enzymes are established biomarkers for assessing PAH exposure in fish, but little is known about the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on these enzymes during exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed for 3, 5, and 10 days to BaP (300 μg L(-1)) and E2 (5 μg L(-1)). These substances were applied isolated or mixed. In the mixture experiment, fish were analyzed pre- and postexposure in order to better understand whether preexposure to the hormone masks the responses activated by PAH or vice versa. Phase I enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-O-depenthylase (PROD), and benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylase (BROD) activities as well as the phase II enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) were analyzed. Isolated E2 treatment decreased EROD activity after 3 days, but this enzyme activity returned to control values after 5 and 10 days of exposure. Isolated BaP treatment significantly induced EROD activity after 3 and 5 days, and the activity returned to control levels after ten exposure days. Combined treatment (E2 + Bap) significantly increased EROD activity, both in the pre- and postexposure. This increase was even higher than in the isolated BaP treatment, suggesting a synergism between these two compounds. When E2 and BaP were used singly, they did not change BROD and PROD activities. However, combined treatment (E2 + Bap) significantly increased PROD activity. Isolated BaP treatment increased GST activity after 10 days. However, this response was not observed in the mixture treatment, suggesting that E2 suppressed the GST induction modulated by BaP. The results put together indicated that E2 altered the biotransformation pathway regarding enzymes activated by BaP in Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Ferreira Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, IBILCE, UNESP, Av. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana de Oliveira Moneró
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, IBILCE, UNESP, Av. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Br 153, Km 110, Caixa Postal 21, 89700-000, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi Frighetto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Br 153, Km 110, Caixa Postal 21, 89700-000, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, 13820-000, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, IBILCE, UNESP, Av. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu X, Shi W, Yu N, Jiang X, Wang S, Giesy JP, Zhang X, Wei S, Yu H. Bioassay-directed identification of organic toxicants in water and sediment of Tai Lake, China. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 73:231-241. [PMID: 25682050 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The government of China has invested large amounts of money and manpower into revision of water quality standards (WQS). Priority organic pollutants have been screened for WQS establishment using the potential hazard index method, however, some unsuspected chemicals that could cause adverse effects might have been ignored. A large number of chemicals exist in environment and there might be interactions between or among chemicals especially those with the same mode of action. Therefore, a toxicity-directed analysis, based on acute toxicity to Daphnia magna, was conducted for organic extracts of water and sediment from Tai Lake (Ch: Taihu) to determine toxicants responsible for adverse effects. Extracts of five of twelve samples of water and all extracts of sediment were acutely toxic. Based on toxic units, water from location L1 in July and sediments from locations L1 and L4 during several months would be expected to result in some toxicity. Twenty one (21) organophosphorus pesticides, 25 organophosphorus pesticides and 10 pyrethroids were detected in samples, extracts of which caused toxicity to D. magna. Chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin were identified as predominant pollutants in organic extracts of sediments, accounting for up to 71% and 57% of bioassay-derived toxicity equivalents (BEQs), respectively. Chlorpyrifos was identified as the major contributor to toxicity of organic extracts of surface water, accounting for 71% to 83 % of BEQs. The putative causative agents were confirmed by use of three lines of evidence, including statistical correlation, addition of key pollutants or synergists. Greater attention should be paid to chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin, neither of which is currently on the list of priority pollutants in China. Bioassay-directed analysis should be added for screening for the presence of priority organic pollutants in environmental media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection of Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Zoology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry and State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Landis WG, Durda JL, Brooks ML, Chapman PM, Menzie CA, Stahl RG, Stauber JL. Ecological risk assessment in the context of global climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:79-92. [PMID: 23161373 PMCID: PMC3601429 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Changes to sources, stressors, habitats, and geographic ranges; toxicological effects; end points; and uncertainty estimation require significant changes in the implementation of ecological risk assessment (ERA). Because of the lack of analog systems and circumstances in historically studied sites, there is a likelihood of type III error. As a first step, the authors propose a decision key to aid managers and risk assessors in determining when and to what extent climate change should be incorporated. Next, when global climate change is an important factor, the authors recommend seven critical changes to ERA. First, develop conceptual cause-effect diagrams that consider relevant management decisions as well as appropriate spatial and temporal scales to include both direct and indirect effects of climate change and the stressor of management interest. Second, develop assessment end points that are expressed as ecosystem services. Third, evaluate multiple stressors and nonlinear responses-include the chemicals and the stressors related to climate change. Fourth, estimate how climate change will affect or modify management options as the impacts become manifest. Fifth, consider the direction and rate of change relative to management objectives, recognizing that both positive and negative outcomes can occur. Sixth, determine the major drivers of uncertainty, estimating and bounding stochastic uncertainty spatially, temporally, and progressively. Seventh, plan for adaptive management to account for changing environmental conditions and consequent changes to ecosystem services. Good communication is essential for making risk-related information understandable and useful for managers and stakeholders to implement a successful risk-assessment and decision-making process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne G Landis
- Western Washington University, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Bellingham, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schlenk D, Lavado R, Loyo-Rosales JE, Jones W, Maryoung L, Riar N, Werner I, Sedlak D. Reconstitution studies of pesticides and surfactants exploring the cause of estrogenic activity observed in surface waters of the San Francisco Bay Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:9106-11. [PMID: 22881714 DOI: 10.1021/es3016759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential role of endocrine disruption in the decline of pelagic fishes in the San Francisco Bay Delta of California, various surface water samples were collected, extracted, and found to elicit estrogenic activity in laboratory fish. Chemical analysis of the estrogenic samples indicated 2 pesticides (bifenthrin, diuron), 2 alkyphenols (AP), and mixtures of 2 types of alkyphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs). Evaluation of estrogenic activity was further characterized by in vitro bioassays using rainbow trout hepatocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and in vivo studies with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). In the in vitro bioassays, hepatocytes exposed to the pesticides alone or in combination with the AP/APEO mixtures at concentrations observed in surface waters failed to show estrogenic activity (induction of vitelloginin mRNA). In the in vivo bioassays, medaka exposed to individual pesticides or to AP/APEO alone did not have elevated VTG at ambient concentrations. However, when the pesticides were combined with AP/APEOs in the 7-day exposure a significant increase in VTG was observed. Exposure to a 5-fold higher concentration of the AP/APEO mixture alone also significantly induced VTG. In contrast to earlier studies with permethrin, biotransformation of bifenthrin to estrogenic metabolites was not observed in medaka liver microsomes and cytochrome P450 was not induced with AP/APEO treatment. These results showed that mixtures of pesticides with significantly different modes of action and AP/APEOs at environmentally relevant concentrations may be associated with estrogenic activity measured in water extracts and feral fish that have been shown to be in population decline in the San Francisco Bay Delta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Durieux EDH, Connon RE, Werner I, D'Abronzo LS, Fitzgerald PS, Spearow JL, Ostrach DJ. Cytochrome P4501A mRNA and protein induction in striped bass (Morone saxatilis). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1107-1116. [PMID: 22252335 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The striped bass (Morone saxatilis) supports a valuable recreational fishery and is among the most important piscivorous fish of the San Francisco Estuary. This species has suffered a significant decline in numbers over the past decades, and there is indication that contaminants are important contributors. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) including PCBs and dioxins are widespread in the estuary, they typically bioaccumulate through trophic levels, reaching highest levels in top predators and are known to affect the fish health and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of cytochrome P4501A (Cyp1a) induction simultaneously at different levels of biological organization (RNA transcription and protein synthesis) as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs and PHAHs. We utilized β-naphthoflavone (BNF) as a model PAH to induce Cyp1a responses in juvenile striped bass in both dose-response and time-response assessments and determined Cyp1a mRNA and protein levels. Significant responses were measured in both systems at 10 mg ΒΝF kg⁻¹, a concentration used for time-response studies. Messenger RNA levels peaked at 6 h post-injection, while protein levels increased progressively with time, significantly peaking at 96 h post-injection; both remaining elevated throughout the duration of the test (8 days). Our data suggest that rapid induction of gene transcription following exposure and subsequent cumulative protein synthesis could provide a useful means of identifying temporal variants in exposure to Cyp1a inducers in Morone saxatilis. The potential application of this combined Cyp1a gene and protein biomarker in this species for field studies is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D H Durieux
- Pathobiology, Conservation and Population Biology Laboratory, John Muir Institute of the Environment, Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- UMR 6134 Sciences Pour l'Environnement, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France.
| | - Richard E Connon
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Inge Werner
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag/EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- University of California Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Patrick S Fitzgerald
- Pathobiology, Conservation and Population Biology Laboratory, John Muir Institute of the Environment, Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jimmy L Spearow
- Pathobiology, Conservation and Population Biology Laboratory, John Muir Institute of the Environment, Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, 8800 Cal Center Drive, Sacramento, CA, 95826, USA
| | - David J Ostrach
- Pathobiology, Conservation and Population Biology Laboratory, John Muir Institute of the Environment, Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Ostrach Consulting, 18671 County Road 96, Woodland, CA, 95695, USA
| |
Collapse
|