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Soares MAM, Ferreira ERR, Tavares D, Moron SE, Fernandes MN, Mariano WDS, Paulino MG. Multi-Biomarkers' Responses in Gills of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Glyphosate and Polyethylene Microplastic, Isolated and in Mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39051743 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are among the most common contaminants in aquatic environments. In Brazilian rivers, both contaminants were found in elevated levels, leading to a high probability of their association, which can alter their individual effects and potentially intensify their toxicity. This study evaluated the isolated and combined effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and GBH on Oreochromis niloticus using multi-biomarkers of toxicity. The fish were subjected to a 96-h exposure period, with concentrations set based either isolated, PE-MPs group (5 mg L-1), GBH group (5 mg L-1), or in a group of associated contaminants (GAC), PE-MP + GBH (5 mg L-1 + 5 mg L-1). Toxicity effects were evaluated using biochemical, cytogenetic, hematological, and histopathological biomarkers. We observed change in erythrocyte parameters leading to macrocytic normochromic anemia in GAC. Leukocyte parameters indicate a nonspecific immunosuppression caused by the exposure of associated contaminants, besides the attempts to repair damage caused by PE-MPs. Histopathological markers indicate damage to tissues exposed to contaminants. Besides, there were morphophysiological adjustments on gills, with proliferation and hypertrophy of mitochondria-rich cells on GBH and GAC, besides epithelium ruptures, which were mostly present in the exposed groups. Therefore, this study indicates that PE-MPs and GBHs present toxic effects in O. niloticus with the used concentrations, intensified by the association of contaminants. Thus, multi-biomarkers were useful key to verify toxicity, providing data to the investigation of high levels of contaminant's mixture toxicity present in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Miranda Soares
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology and Biochemistry of Neotropical Fishes, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Ericsson Rubens Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology and Biochemistry of Neotropical Fishes, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Driele Tavares
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Estevan Moron
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology and Biochemistry of Neotropical Fishes, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Dos Santos Mariano
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Morphophysiology, Center of Integrated Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Morphophysiology, Center of Integrated Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
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Segura BM, Rivero-Wendt CLG, Pizzotti ABC, Otsubo Jaques JA, Santos AN, Franco-Belussi L, Fernandes CEDS. Effects of urban streams on muscle non-protein thiols, gill and liver histopathology in zebrafish (Danio rerio) assessed by active biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124513. [PMID: 39002751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic biota are exposed to toxic substances resulting from human activities, reducing environmental quality and can compromise the health of the organisms. This study aimed to employ Danio rerio as an environmental bioindicator, analyzing the effects of water from distinct urban aquatic environments. An active biomonitoring system was set up to compare the temporal dynamics of histological biomarkers for gill and liver and the patterns of non-protein thiols (NPSH) in muscle in specimens exposed for 3, 6, and 12 days. Three large urban basins in the city of Campo Grande (Midwest of Brazil) were selected. Two sites are in a very populous area (i.e Lagoa and Bandeira) and another on in an area with agricultural activities (i.e Anhanduí). All the streams displayed distinct qualitative characteristics. The presence of metals, including Mn, Zn, Fe, and Al, as well as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, accounted for 38% of the variability (PC1), while total solids, conductivity, ammonia, nitrite, and explained 24 % (PC2). Degree tissue changes index (DTC) in gill and the concentration of NPSH increased in all streams during 3, 6 and 12 days of exposure. DTC in liver increases in all exposure times in most populous stream (i.e Lagoa and Bandeira). Histopathological evidence in the gill, including proliferation, desquamation, and necrosis of the primary lamellar epithelium; fusion and aneurysms in the secondary lamellar epithelium were observed after three days of exposure. Degenerative nuclear figures were noted in the liver after three days of exposure, followed by hepatocellular hypertrophy, lipidosis, and necrosis at twelve days. Our findings showing time-dependent effects of urban aquatic environments in histopathological (i.e DTC) and biochemical biomarkers in zebrafish. The biomonitoring model enabled a comparison of the temporal dynamics of various health markers, using zebrafish as bioindicator. Future studies might use this experimental model and biomarkers for environmental biomonitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marques Segura
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, LAPEx, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79002970, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Coriguazi Pizzotti
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, LAPEx, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79002970, Brazil
| | - Jeandre Augusto Otsubo Jaques
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79.070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGFARM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79.070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreza Negreli Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79.070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, LAPEx, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79002970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eurico Dos Santos Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, LAPEx, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79002970, Brazil.
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3
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Lin W, Ouyang K, He Y, Yang H, Kuang Y, Li D, Li L. Combined effects of microcystin-LR and rice straw-derived biochar on the hepatic antioxidant capacity of zebrafish: Insights from LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166830. [PMID: 37673272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) produced by cyanobacteria blooms poses a serious risk to aquatic organisms. Rice straw-derived biochar (BC) is gradually being utilized as an effective adsorbent to remove water pollutants. In the present study, the combined toxicity of MC-LR and BC on hepatic antioxidant capacity and metabolic phenotype of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were conducted due to the increasing concern of eutrophication in aquatic environments. Female zebrafish were exposed to solutions of MC-LR (10 μg/L) and BC (100 μg/L) individually and in combination for 30 days. The results indicated that sub-chronic MC-LR exposure induced oxidative stress and metabolic disorders, with a significant elevation of several amino acids, glucose as well as unsaturated fatty acids. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were affected under MC-LR stress. Significantly increased MDA levels along with significantly decreased CAT and GPx activities were observed in the MC-LR group. Nevertheless, MDA levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the relevant gene expressions (cat1, nrf2a, HO-1, keap1a) returned to baseline in the co-exposure group. These findings revealed that MC-LR resulted in metabolic disorders of protein, sugar, and lipid related to energy production, and BC could relieve MC-LR-induced metabolic disorder and oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish. However, the potential risk of BC-induced metabolic disorder should not be neglected. Our present results highlight the potential of BC as a tool for mitigating the negative impacts of MC-LR on aquatic organisms in blooms-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Monteiro R, Souza IDC, Morozesk M, Soares MP, De Angelis CF, Vieira NS, Bendhack F, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN. Metalliferous atmospheric settleable particulate matter action on the fat snook fish (Centropomus parallelus): Metal bioaccumulation, antioxidant responses and histological changes in gills, hepatopancreas and kidneys. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138715. [PMID: 37098361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metallic smoke released by steel industries is constitute by a mixture of fine and gross particles containing metals, including the emerging ones, which sedimentation contaminates soil and aquatic ecosystems and put in risk the resident biota. This study determined the metal/metalloids in the atmospheric settleable particulate matter (SePM, particles >10 μm) from a metallurgical industrial area and evaluated metal bioconcentration, antioxidant responses, oxidative stress, and the histopathology in the gills, hepatopancreas and kidneys of fat snook fish (Centropomus parallelus) exposed to different concentrations of SePM (0.0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g L-1), for 96 h. From the 27 metals (Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba, La, Ce, W, Hg, Pb, Bi) analyzed, 18 were quantified in SePM and dissolved in seawater. Metal bioconcentrations differed among organs; Fe and Zn were the metals most bioconcentrated in all organs, Fe was higher in hepatopancreas and Zn > Fe > Sr > Al was higher in kidneys. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the gills; SOD, catalase (CAT) decreased, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased in hepatopancreas and, CAT, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the level of glutathione (GSH) increased in kidneys. The unchanged levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidized protein in any organ indicate that the antioxidant responses were efficient to avoid oxidative stress. Organ lesion indices were higher in the gills > kidneys > hepatopancreas, being higher in fish exposed to 0.01 g L-1 SePM. All changes indicate a tissue-specific metal/metalloids bioconcentration, antioxidant and morphological responses that all together compromise fish health. Regulatory normative are needed to control the emission of these metalliferous PM to preserve the environment and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Iara da Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Morozesk
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelly Pereira Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fernandes De Angelis
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathan S Vieira
- Centro de Estudos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Rio Grande do Norte, 145, Miramar, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Bendhack
- Centro de Estudos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Rio Grande do Norte, 145, Miramar, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Victoria Monferrán
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Depto. Quimica. Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Depto. Quimica. Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Li Y, Xie P. A meta-analysis on the toxicity of microcystin-LR to fish and mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121780. [PMID: 37150342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), the most prevalent and dangerous microcystin, poses high risks to living organisms, especially fish and mammals. Although many studies have focused on the toxic effect on fish and mammals exposed to MC-LR, works that incorporate published data into a comprehensive comparison and analysis are still limited. Here, the adverse effects of oxidative stress markers, health, functional traits, and performance traits in fish and mammals were systematically verified by collecting data from 67 studies for the first time. Notably, we first found that the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) always showed increases, whereas the growth (performance traits) always had a significant decrease (p < 0.001) under all variables of MC-LR exposure, i.e., exposure time, exposure concentration, exposure route, and even life stage. Additionally, our study first verified that the activities of MDA and LPO can be employed as oxidative stress indicators of MC-LR effects in fish and mammals instead of other biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), considered by previous studies. Growth may be regarded as a highly sensitive indicator of MC-LR toxicity in mammals and fish. At the same time, we first found that the impact of MC-LR exposure concentration on LPO, MDA, and growth is higher than that of exposure time, exposure route, and different life stages using the random forest (RF) model. In short, this work sheds light on the potential biochemical and individual toxicity of MC-LR exposure in fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yehao Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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Paulino MG, Rossi PA, Venturini FP, Tavares D, Sakuragui MM, Moraes G, Terezan AP, Fernandes JB, Giani A, Fernandes MN. Liver dysfunction and energy storage mobilization in traíra, Hoplias malabaricus (Teleostei, Erythrinidae) induced by subchronic exposure to toxic cyanobacterial crude extract. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2683-2691. [PMID: 35920046 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MC) are hepatotoxic for organisms. Liver MC accumulation and structural change are intensely studied, but the functional hepatic enzymes and energy metabolism have received little attention. This study investigated the liver and hepatocyte structures and the activity of key hepatic functional enzymes with emphasis on energetic metabolism changes after subchronic fish exposure to cyanobacterial crude extract (CE) containing MC. The Neotropical erythrinid fish, Hoplias malabaricus, were exposed intraperitoneally to CE containing 100 μg MC-LR eq kg-1 for 30 days and, thereafter, the plasma, liver, and white muscle was sampled for analyses. Liver tissue lost cellular structure organization showing round hepatocytes, hyperemia, and biliary duct obstruction. At the ultrastructural level, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum exhibited disorganization. Direct and total bilirubin increased in plasma. In the liver, the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) increased, and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased; AST increased in plasma. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were unchanged in the liver, muscle, and plasma. Glycogen stores and the energetic metabolites as glucose, lactate, and pyruvate decrease in the liver; pyruvate decreased in plasma and lactate decreased in muscle. Ammonia levels increased and protein concentration decreased in plasma. CE alters liver morphology by causing hepatocyte intracellular disorder, obstructive cholestasis, and dysfunction in the activity of key liver enzymes. The increasing energy demand implies glucose mobilization and metabolic adjustments maintaining protein preservation and lipid recruitment to supply the needs for detoxification allowing fish survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Integrated Sciences Center, Federal University of Tocantins, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Priscila Adriana Rossi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Driele Tavares
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Moraes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Terezan
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Giani
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Aljohani AS, Ahmed AA, Althwab SA, Alkhamiss AS, Rasheed Z, Fernández N, Al Abdulmonem W. Gene expression of glutathione S-transferase alpha, glutathione S-transferase rho, glutathione peroxidase, uncoupling protein 2, cytochrome P450 1A, heat shock protein 70 in liver of Oreochromis niloticus upon exposure of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR and toxic cyanobacteria crude. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rodrigues NB, Pitol DL, Tocchini de Figueiredo FA, Tenfen das Chagas Lima AC, Burdick Henry T, Mardegan Issa JP, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Pereira BF. Microcystin-LR at sublethal concentrations induce rapid morphology of liver and muscle tissues in the fish species Astyanax altiparanae (Lambari). Toxicon 2022; 211:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xie SZ, Zhai XY, Xi SY, Qiu YK, Zhang YM, Kong XJ, Li YH, Zhu L, Wang Z, Zhang SG, Huang SQ, Lu DW, Wang Z. The Protective Effects of Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Against Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764282. [PMID: 34899319 PMCID: PMC8651617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. (ZDP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for several decades to treat patients with liver diseases. Whether ZDP is best administered as a single agent or adjunctive therapy has yet to be determined as does the mechanism whereby it exerts its effects on antagonizing acute liver injury (ALI). Aim of the study: To investigate the protective effects of ZDP on ALI induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the potential underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult mice were randomized into six study groups (n = 10/group). Three groups were treated with different concentrations of ZDP (2.5, 1.25, 0.625 g/kg), one with bifendate (0.0075 g/kg) alone (positive control) and one with physiologic saline (normal, negative control). All groups were treated for 14 days. Two hours after the last administration, the normal group received an intraperitoneal injection of peanut oil, and the other five groups received an intraperitoneal injection of an equal dose of CCl4 peanut oil solution. At 24 h, the liver index, histology and serum or tissue levels and/or protein expression of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκB-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), E-cadherin and vimentin were determined. Results: Compared to the model controls, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte injury of liver tissue was relieved in the bifendate and three ZDP groups; liver index in the ZDP (2.5, 1.25 g/kg) groups and serum liver function indices in the ZDP (2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 g/kg) groups were decreased; antioxidants SOD, CAT and GSH in liver tissue were increased but the lipid peroxidation index MDA was decreased; protein expression of inflammatory cytokines Akt, p-Akt, NF-κB p65, IκB-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver was ameliorated, and E-cadherin expression was increased. The results of liver histopathology also showed that ZDP had a significant effect on ALI. Conclusion: ZDP has obvious protective effects on CCl4-induced ALI as a single therapy and appears to act by inhibiting oxidation, reducing the release of inflammatory factors and promoting hepatocyte repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhi Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Haicang Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan-Gang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Qiong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Da-Wei Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Bonomo MM, Sachi ITDC, Paulino MG, Fernandes JB, Carlos RM, Fernandes MN. Multi-biomarkers approach to access the impact of novel metal-insecticide based on flavonoid hesperidin on fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115758. [PMID: 33022572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystem health is the main concern to increasing pesticides application to control agricultural pests as it is the ultimate receptor of such materials. This study evaluated the impact of new metal-insecticide, the [Mg(hesp)2(phen)], referred as MgHP, on fish using physiological, genetic, biochemical, and morphological biomarkers. The fish, Prochilodus lineatus, was exposed to 0 (control), 1, 10, 100, 1000 μg L-1 MgHP, for 24 and 96 h. MgHP was not lethal but caused genotoxicity, altered hematological variables and, the activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes and histology of liver, depending on concentration and time exposure. Hematocrit and erythrocyte number (RBC) increased without change hemoglobin content resulting in changes in hematimetric indexes after 24 h; after 96 h, only RBC was changed. Erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities and crenate cells increased after 24 h but, not after 96 h. Erythrocytes and hepatocytes indicated instability in DNA integrity however, the absence of micronuclei suggested DNA damage repairment. After 24 h, the antioxidant defense system and the phase II biotransformation enzyme was responsiveness and catalase activity decreased at high MgHP concentrations; the antioxidant response was triggered after 96 h. Hepatocyte hypertrophy, intracellular cytoplasmic substances, cytoplasm degeneration, melanomacrophage and hyperemia increased in fish exposed from 10 μg L-1 to higher MgHP concentrations; the organ alteration index increased as MgHP concentration increased showing dose-dependence. Most of hematological and genotoxic effects occurred after 24 h exposure evidencing potential recover capability of organism by activation of the antioxidant defense system and DNA repairment mechanisms. Nevertheless, the histopathological changes in the liver was maintained over time at high MgHP concentrations, a concentration usually no environmental relevant. In conclusion, this data reinforced the importance of continuing research on MgHP effects in other organisms considering the promising use of such compound to control the leaf-cutter ants and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Marques Bonomo
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ivelise Teresa de Castro Sachi
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Araguaína, Avenida Paraguai, s/n°, Setor Cimba, 77824-838, Araguaína, TO, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rose Maria Carlos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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