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Lasley RM, Evans N, Paulay G, Michonneau F, Windsor A, Irwansyah, Ng PKL. Allopatric mosaics in the Indo-West Pacific crab subfamily Chlorodiellinae reveal correlated patterns of sympatry, genetic divergence, and genitalic disparity. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 181:107710. [PMID: 36707010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies have revealed that many species once thought to be wide-ranging in the Indo-West Pacific contain allopatric mosaics of endemic lineages. These lineages provide compelling evidence that substantial time is needed to evolve isolating mechanisms sufficient to permit successful secondary sympatry, and that divergence is initiated in allopatry. In this context, questions arise regarding the nature, timing, and origin of isolating mechanisms that permit secondary sympatry. We present a phylogeny of the crab subfamily Chlorodiellinae which displays allopatric mosaics within species. These allopatric lineages typically do not have divergent male genitalia, while older sympatric lineages do. We tested the relationship between genetic distance (proxy for time), sympatry, and the divergence of male genitalic morphology. Our results suggest that male genitalic divergence is not involved in the initiation of speciation in chlorodielline crabs, having likely occurred only after isolation began in allopatry. However, morphological evolution of genitalia seemingly does play an important role in completing the process of speciation in these crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Lasley
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA; University of Guam, EPSCoR, Mangilao 96926, Guam; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Evans
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746, USA; Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Gustav Paulay
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA
| | - Francois Michonneau
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA
| | - Amanda Windsor
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
| | - Irwansyah
- Syiah Kuala University, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Peter K L Ng
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 117377, Singapore
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2
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Jospin A, Chittaro Y, Bolt D, Demergès D, Gurcel K, Hensle J, Sanchez A, Praz C, Lucek K. Genomic evidence for three distinct species in the Erebia manto complex in Central Europe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). CONSERV GENET 2023; 24:293-304. [PMID: 37187800 PMCID: PMC10175325 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-023-01501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A problem to implement conservation strategies is that in many cases recognized taxa are in fact complexes of several cryptic species. Failure to properly delineate species may lead to misplaced priorities or to inadequate conservation measures. One such species complex is the yellow-spotted ringlet Erebia manto, which comprises several phenotypically distinct lineages, whose degree of genomic isolation has so far not been assessed. Some of these lineages are geographically restricted and thus possibly represent distinct units with conservation priorities. Using several thousand nuclear genomic markers, we evaluated to which degree the bubastis lineage from the Alps and the vogesiaca lineage from the Vosges, are genetically isolated from the widespread manto lineage. Our results suggest that both lineages are genetically as strongly differentiated from manto as other taxonomically well separated sibling species in this genus from each other, supporting a delineation of bubastis and vogesiaca as independent species. Given the restricted and isolated range of vogesiaca as well as the disjunct distribution of bubastis, our findings have significant implication for future conservation efforts on these formerly cryptic species and highlight the need to investigate the genomic identity within species complexes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10592-023-01501-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jospin
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David Demergès
- Conservatoire d’espaces Naturels de Lorraine, 20 Chemin de L’école Des Xettes, 88400 Gérardmer, France
| | | | | | - Andreas Sanchez
- Info Fauna, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Praz
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Info Fauna, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Biodiversity Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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3
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Nishimura T, Terada K, Xia T, Takami Y. Relationships between reproductive character displacement in genital morphology and the population-level cost of interspecific mating: implications for the Templeton effect. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural selection against maladaptive interspecific reproductive interactions may cause greater divergence in mating traits between sympatric populations than between allopatric populations in a pair of species, known as reproductive character displacement (RCD) which is evidence for the lock-and-key hypothesis of genital evolution. However, the relative importance of various processes contributing to RCD in genital morphology (e.g. reinforcement, reproductive interference, and population filtering or the Templeton effect) is not clear. Here, we examined hypotheses for RCD in genital morphology, with a special focus on the Templeton effect (which predicts that only highly differentiated populations can exist in sympatry). We examined population-level fitness costs in interspecific mating between Carabus maiyasanus and Carabus iwawakianus with RCD in genital morphology. A mating experiment using populations with various degrees of RCD in genital morphology showed no evidence for consistently lower interspecific mating costs in C. maiyasanus populations in contact with displacement in genital morphology than in remote populations, contrary to the predictions of the Templeton effect. Alternatively, interspecific mating costs varied among populations. Observed relationships between the sizes of genital parts concerning isolation and interspecific mating costs across populations suggested that population-level fitness costs do not necessarily decrease during the process leading to RCD. Our results provide insight into ecological and evolutionary processes during secondary contact in closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Nishimura
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Karen Terada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Tian Xia
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
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4
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Augustijnen H, Patsiou T, Lucek K. Secondary contact rather than coexistence-Erebia butterflies in the Alps. Evolution 2022; 76:2669-2686. [PMID: 36117267 PMCID: PMC9828779 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. Although such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species Erebia cassioides and Erebia tyndarus in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past. Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why coexistence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Theofania Patsiou
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernCH‐3013Switzerland,Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselCH‐4056Switzerland
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5
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Mitchell C, Leigh S, Alphey L, Haerty W, Chapman T. Reproductive interference and Satyrisation: mechanisms, outcomes and potential use for insect control. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2022; 95:1023-1036. [PMID: 35535033 PMCID: PMC9068665 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-022-01476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive Interference occurs when interactions between individuals from different species disrupt reproductive processes, resulting in a fitness cost to one or both parties involved. It is typically observed between individuals of closely related species, often upon secondary contact. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, Reproductive Interference is frequently referred to as 'Satyrisation'. It can manifest in various ways, ranging from blocking or reducing the efficacy of mating signals, through to negative effects of heterospecific copulations and the production of sterile or infertile hybrid offspring. The negative fitness effects of Satyrisation in reciprocal matings between species are often asymmetric and it is this aspect, which is most relevant to, and can offer utility in, pest management. In this review, we focus on Satyrisation and outline the mechanisms through which it can operate. We illustrate this by using test cases, and we consider the underlying reasons why the reproductive interactions that comprise Satyrisation occur. We synthesise the key factors affecting the expression of Satyrisation and explore how they have potential utility in developing new routes for the management and control of harmful insects. We consider how Satyrisation might interact with other control mechanisms, and conclude by outlining a framework for its use in control, highlighting some of the important next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Stewart Leigh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Luke Alphey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Evolutionary Genomics, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UG UK
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
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6
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Nishimura T, Nagata N, Terada K, Xia T, Kubota K, Sota T, Takami Y. Reproductive character displacement in genital morphology in Ohomopterus ground beetles. Am Nat 2021; 199:E76-E90. [DOI: 10.1086/717864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Faria R, Johannesson K, Stankowski S. Speciation in marine environments: Diving under the surface. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:4-15. [PMID: 33460491 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine environments are inhabited by a broad representation of the tree of life, yet our understanding of speciation in marine ecosystems is extremely limited compared with terrestrial and freshwater environments. Developing a more comprehensive picture of speciation in marine environments requires that we 'dive under the surface' by studying a wider range of taxa and ecosystems is necessary for a more comprehensive picture of speciation. Although studying marine evolutionary processes is often challenging, recent technological advances in different fields, from maritime engineering to genomics, are making it increasingly possible to study speciation of marine life forms across diverse ecosystems and taxa. Motivated by recent research in the field, including the 14 contributions in this issue, we highlight and discuss six axes of research that we think will deepen our understanding of speciation in the marine realm: (a) study a broader range of marine environments and organisms; (b) identify the reproductive barriers driving speciation between marine taxa; (c) understand the role of different genomic architectures underlying reproductive isolation; (d) infer the evolutionary history of divergence using model-based approaches; (e) study patterns of hybridization and introgression between marine taxa; and (f) implement highly interdisciplinary, collaborative research programmes. In outlining these goals, we hope to inspire researchers to continue filling this critical knowledge gap surrounding the origins of marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Sean Stankowski
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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8
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Perini S, Rafajlović M, Westram AM, Johannesson K, Butlin RK. Assortative mating, sexual selection, and their consequences for gene flow in Littorina. Evolution 2020; 74:1482-1497. [PMID: 32472616 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When divergent populations are connected by gene flow, the establishment of complete reproductive isolation usually requires the joint action of multiple barrier effects. One example where multiple barrier effects are coupled consists of a single trait that is under divergent natural selection and also mediates assortative mating. Such multiple-effect traits can strongly reduce gene flow. However, there are few cases where patterns of assortative mating have been described quantitatively and their impact on gene flow has been determined. Two ecotypes of the coastal marine snail, Littorina saxatilis, occur in North Atlantic rocky-shore habitats dominated by either crab predation or wave action. There is evidence for divergent natural selection acting on size, and size-assortative mating has previously been documented. Here, we analyze the mating pattern in L. saxatilis with respect to size in intensively sampled transects across boundaries between the habitats. We show that the mating pattern is mostly conserved between ecotypes and that it generates both assortment and directional sexual selection for small male size. Using simulations, we show that the mating pattern can contribute to reproductive isolation between ecotypes but the barrier to gene flow is likely strengthened more by sexual selection than by assortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Perini
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296, Sweden
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | | | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296, Sweden
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296, Sweden.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S102TN, United Kingdom
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9
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Costa D, Sotelo G, Kaliontzopoulou A, Carvalho J, Butlin R, Hollander J, Faria R. Hybridization patterns between two marine snails, Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1158-1179. [PMID: 32076505 PMCID: PMC7029087 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the patterns of hybridization between closely related species is crucial to understand the role of gene flow in speciation. In particular, systems comprising multiple contacts between sister species offer an outstanding opportunity to investigate how reproductive isolation varies with environmental conditions, demography and geographic contexts of divergence. The flat periwinkles, Littorina obtusata and L. fabalis (Gastropoda), are two intertidal sister species with marked ecological differences compatible with late stages of speciation. Although hybridization between the two was previously suggested, its extent across the Atlantic shores of Europe remained largely unknown. Here, we combined genetic (microsatellites and mtDNA) and morphological data (shell and male genital morphology) from multiple populations of flat periwinkles in north-western Iberia to assess the extent of current and past hybridization between L. obtusata and L. fabalis under two contrasting geographic settings of divergence (sympatry and allopatry). Hybridization signatures based on both mtDNA and microsatellites were stronger in sympatric sites, although evidence for recent extensive admixture was found in a single location. Misidentification of individuals into species based on shell morphology was higher in sympatric than in allopatric sites. However, despite hybridization, species distinctiveness based on this phenotypic trait together with male genital morphology remained relatively high. The observed variation in the extent of hybridization among locations provides a rare opportunity for future studies on the consequences of different levels of gene flow for reinforcement, thus informing about the mechanisms underlying the completion of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Costa
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Graciela Sotelo
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - João Carvalho
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- cE3cCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesDepartamento de Biologia AnimalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Roger Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johan Hollander
- Department of BiologyAquatic Ecology UnitLund UniversityLundSweden
- Global Ocean InstituteWorld Maritime UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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10
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Sloan NS, Simmons LW. The evolution of female genitalia. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:882-899. [PMID: 31267594 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Female genitalia have been largely neglected in studies of genital evolution, perhaps due to the long-standing belief that they are relatively invariable and therefore taxonomically and evolutionarily uninformative in comparison with male genitalia. Contemporary studies of genital evolution have begun to dispute this view, and to demonstrate that female genitalia can be highly diverse and covary with the genitalia of males. Here, we examine evidence for three mechanisms of genital evolution in females: species isolating 'lock-and-key' evolution, cryptic female choice and sexual conflict. Lock-and-key genital evolution has been thought to be relatively unimportant; however, we present cases that show how species isolation may well play a role in the evolution of female genitalia. Much support for female genital evolution via sexual conflict comes from studies of both invertebrate and vertebrate species; however, the effects of sexual conflict can be difficult to distinguish from models of cryptic female choice that focus on putative benefits of choice for females. We offer potential solutions to alleviate this issue. Finally, we offer directions for future studies in order to expand and refine our knowledge surrounding female genital evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Sloan
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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