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Zulfiqar S, Ishfaq S, Raza Bukhari SA, Sajjad M, Akhtar M, Liu D, Rahman MU. New genetic resources for aphid resistance were identified from a newly developed wheat mutant library. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26529. [PMID: 38444497 PMCID: PMC10912258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Reports on development of resilient wheat mutants to aphid infestation-causing heavy losses to wheat production in many parts of the world, are scanty. The present study aimed to identify genetic diversity of wheat mutants in terms of varying degree of resistance to aphid infestation which can help protect wheat crop, improve yields and enhance food security. Resistance response to aphid infestation was studied on newly developed 33 wheat mutants, developed through irradiating seed of an elite wheat cultivar "Punjab-11" with gamma radiations, during three normal growing seasons at two sites. Data on various traits including aphid count per plant, biochemical traits, physiological traits and grain yield was recorded. Meteorological data was also collected to unravel the impact of environmental conditions on aphid infestation on wheat plants. Minimum average aphid infestation was found on Pb-M-2725, Pb-M-2550, and Pb-M-2719 as compared to the wild type. High yielding mutants Pb-M-1323, Pb-M-59, and Pb-M-1272 supported the moderate aphid infestation. The prevailing temperature up to 25 °C showed positive correlation (0.25) with aphid count. Among biochemical traits, POD (0.34), TSP (0.33), TFA (0.324) exhibited a high positive correlation with aphid count. In addition, CAT (0.31), TSS (0.294), and proline content (0.293) also showed a positive correlation with aphid count. However, all physiological traits depicted negative correlation with aphid count, while, a very weak correlation (0.12) was found between mean aphid count and grain yield. In PCA biplots, the biochemical variables clustered together with aphid count, while physiological variables grouped with grain yield. Biochemical parameters contributed most, towards first dimension of the PCA (48.6%) as compared to the physiological variables (13%). The FAMD revealed that mutant lines were major contributor towards total variation; Pb-M-1027, Pb-M-1323, Pb-M-59 were found to be the most diverse lines. The PCA revealed that biochemical parameters played a significant role in explaining variations in aphid resistance, emphasizing their importance in aphid defense mechanisms. The identified mutants can be utilized by the international wheat community for getting insight into the molecular circuits of resistant mechanism against aphids as well as for designing new KASP markers. This study also highlights the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors in the development of resilient wheat varieties and pave the way for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms underpinning aphid resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zulfiqar
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shumila Ishfaq
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Mehboob-ur Rahman
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
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Swiegers HW, Karpinska B, Hu Y, Dodd IC, Botha AM, Foyer CH. The Effects of High CO 2 and Strigolactones on Shoot Branching and Aphid-Plant Compatibility Control in Pea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12160. [PMID: 36293014 PMCID: PMC9602761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) regulate plant architecture and susceptibility to insects. We explored the mechanisms underpinning these responses in wild type (WT) peas and mutants defective in either strigolactone (SL) synthesis or signaling. All genotypes had increased shoot height and branching, dry weights and carbohydrate levels under eCO2, demonstrating that SLs are not required for shoot acclimation to eCO2. Since shoot levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) tended to be lower in SL signaling mutants than the WT under ambient conditions, we compared pea aphid performance on these lines under both CO2 conditions. Aphid fecundity was increased in the SL mutants compared to the WT under both ambient and eCO2 conditions. Aphid infestation significantly decreased levels of JA, isopentenyladenine, trans-zeatin and gibberellin A4 and increased ethylene precursor ACC, gibberellin A1, gibberellic acid (GA3) and SA accumulation in all lines. However, GA3 levels were increased less in the SL signaling mutants than the WT. These studies provide new insights into phytohormone responses in this specific aphid/host interaction and suggest that SLs and gibberellins are part of the network of phytohormones that participate in host susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Willem Swiegers
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LEC Building, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Tambo JA, Uzayisenga B, Mugambi I, Onyango DO, Romney D. Sustainable management of fall armyworm in smallholder farming: The role of a multi‐channel information campaign in Rwanda. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Day R, Haggblade S, Moephuli S, Mwang'ombe A, Nouala S. Institutional and policy bottlenecks to IPM. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100946. [PMID: 35772691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarises institutional and policy bottlenecks to IPM in Africa. Agricultural policy in Africa generally prioritises production and productivity above environmental sustainability, so the use of synthetic pesticides for controlling pests is encouraged. Funding for research in IPM is limited, and extension systems struggle to provide the level of farmer support that adoption of IPM often needs. Improved research and extension policies could facilitate uptake of IPM. Public and private food-safety standards can incentivise adoption, but currently this is mainly in production for export. Pesticide and other input regulatory systems unintentionally constrain adoption of IPM, through expensive registration procedures, weak compliance monitoring and limited regional harmonisation. IPM must be seen as a key element of food-system transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Day
- CABI, P.O. Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Steven Haggblade
- Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Morrill Hall of Agriculture, 446 West Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shadrack Moephuli
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, and Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Agnes Mwang'ombe
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Simplice Nouala
- Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Blue Economy, and Sustainable Environment, African Union Commission, P.O. Box 3243, Roosevelt Street W21K19, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Javed Z, Asim MS, Ishaq AR, Younis T, Manzoor M, Hussain D, Ejaz M, Saleem U, Asrar M. Monitoring of Insecticides resistance against cotton Jassid (Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla) under laboratory conditions. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247676. [PMID: 34669912 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of insecticides resistance mainly hinge with managements techniques for the control of Jassid, Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla. Five insecticides were applied against field collected and laboratory rared jassid populations during the years of 2017 to 2019 to profile their resistance level against field population of jassid through leaf dip method. Very low resistance level was found in jassid against confidor whereas high level of resistance was observed by pyriproxyfen against other test insecticides. Gradual resistance was observed against diafenthiuron. It is concluded that for the management of Jassid repetition of same insecticide should be avoided. The use of confidor may be reduced to overcome resistance against Jassid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Javed
- Government College University Faisalabad, Departments of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M S Asim
- Government College University Faisalabad, Departments of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A R Ishaq
- Hubei University, College of Life Science, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Wuhan, China
| | - T Younis
- Government College University Faisalabad, Departments of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Manzoor
- Government College University Faisalabad, Departments of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - D Hussain
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Ejaz
- Government College University Faisalabad, Departments of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - U Saleem
- Government College University Faisalabad, Departments of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Asrar
- Government College University Faisalabad, Departments of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Van den Berg J, Prasanna BM, Midega CAO, Ronald PC, Carrière Y, Tabashnik BE. Managing Fall Armyworm in Africa: Can Bt Maize Sustainably Improve Control? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1934-1949. [PMID: 34505143 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent invasion of Africa by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a lepidopteran pest of maize and other crops, has heightened concerns about food security for millions of smallholder farmers. Maize genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a potentially useful tool for controlling fall armyworm and other lepidopteran pests of maize in Africa. In the Americas, however, fall armyworm rapidly evolved practical resistance to maize producing one Bt toxin (Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa). Also, aside from South Africa, Bt maize has not been approved for cultivation in Africa, where stakeholders in each nation will make decisions about its deployment. In the context of Africa, we address maize production and use; fall armyworm distribution, host range, and impact; fall armyworm control tactics other than Bt maize; and strategies to make Bt maize more sustainable and accessible to smallholders. We recommend mandated refuges of non-Bt maize or other non-Bt host plants of at least 50% of total maize hectares for single-toxin Bt maize and 20% for Bt maize producing two or more distinct toxins that are each highly effective against fall armyworm. The smallholder practices of planting more than one maize cultivar and intercropping maize with other fall armyworm host plants could facilitate compliance. We also propose creating and providing smallholder farmers access to Bt maize that produces four distinct Bt toxins encoded by linked genes in a single transgene cassette. Using this novel Bt maize as one component of integrated pest management could sustainably improve control of lepidopteran pests including fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie Van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Boddupalli M Prasanna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, 00601, Kenya
| | - Charles A O Midega
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Poverty and Health Integrated Solutions, Kisumu, 40141, Kenya
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yves Carrière
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bruce E Tabashnik
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Tepa‐Yotto GT, Gouwakinnou GN, Fagbohoun JR, Tamò M, Sæthre M. Horizon scanning to assess the bioclimatic potential for the alien species Spodoptera eridania and its parasitoids after pest detection in West and Central Africa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4437-4446. [PMID: 33991052 PMCID: PMC8453867 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the tropical Americas where the pest can feed on more than 100 plant species. SAW was recently detected in West and Central Africa, feeding on various crops including cassava, cotton, amaranth and tomato. The current work was carried out to predict the potential spatial distribution of SAW and four of its co-evolved parasitoids at a global scale using the maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm. RESULTS SAW may not be a huge problem outside its native range (the Americas) for the time being, but may compromise crop yields in specific hotspots in coming years. The analysis of its potential distribution anticipates that the pest might easily migrate east and south from Cameroon and Gabon. CONCLUSION The models used generally demonstrate that all the parasitoids considered are good candidates for the biological control of SAW globally, except they will not be able to establish in specific climates. The current paper discusses the potential role of biological control using parasitoids as a crucial component of a durable climate-smart integrated management of SAW to support decision making in Africa and in other regions of bioclimatic suitability. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain T Tepa‐Yotto
- Biorisk Management FacilityInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureCotonouBenin
- Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et SemencièreUniversité Nationale d'AgricultureKétouBenin
| | - Gérard N Gouwakinnou
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, de Botanique et de Biologie végétaleFaculté d'Agronomie, Université de ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Johannes R Fagbohoun
- Biorisk Management FacilityInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureCotonouBenin
- Faculty of BiosciencesNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
- Department for Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in Forestry, Horticulture and AgricultureNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Manuele Tamò
- Biorisk Management FacilityInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureCotonouBenin
| | - May‐Guri Sæthre
- Department for Climate, Energy and Environment, Section for Environment and Food SecurityNorwegian Agency for Development and CooperationOsloNorway
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Kunert KJ, Botha AM, Oberholster PJ, Yocgo R, Chimwamurombe P, Vorster J, Foyer CH. Factors facilitating sustainable scientific partnerships between developed and developing countries. OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE 2020; 49:204-214. [PMID: 32981973 PMCID: PMC7491427 DOI: 10.1177/0030727020939592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
International scientific partnerships are key to the success of strategic investments in plant science research and the farm-level adoption of new varieties and technologies, as well as the coherence of agricultural policies across borders to address global challenges. Such partnerships result not only in a greater impact of published research enhancing the career development of early and later stage researchers, but they also ensure that advances in plant science and crop breeding technologies make a meaningful contribution to society by brokering acceptance of emerging solutions to the world problems. We discuss the evidence showing that despite a lack of funding, scientists in some African countries make a significant contribution to global science output. We consider the criteria for success in establishing long-term scientific partnerships between scientists in developing countries in Southern Africa ("the South") and developed countries such as the UK ("the North"). We provide our own personal perspectives on the key attributes that lead to successful institutional collaborations and the establishment of sustainable networks of successful "North-South" scientific partnerships. In addition, we highlight some of the stumbling blocks which tend to hinder the sustainability of long-term "North-South" scientific networks. We use this personal knowledge and experiences to provide guidelines on how to establish and maintain successful long-term "North-South" scientific partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, South Africa
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J Oberholster
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Rosita Yocgo
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Percy Chimwamurombe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, South Africa
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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le Roux MSL, Burger NFV, Vlok M, Kunert KJ, Cullis CA, Botha AM. Wheat Line "RYNO3936" Is Associated With Delayed Water Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence and Rapid Water-Deficit Stress Recovery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1053. [PMID: 32760414 PMCID: PMC7372113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Random mutagenesis was applied to produce a new wheat mutant (RYNO3926) with superior characteristics regarding tolerance to water deficit stress induced at late booting stage. The mutant also displays rapid recovery from water stress conditions. Under water stress conditions mutant plants reached maturity faster and produced more seeds than its wild type wheat progenitor. Wild-type Tugela DN plants died within 7 days after induction of water stress induced at late booting stage, while mutant plants survived by maintaining a higher relative moisture content (RMC), increased total chlorophyll, and a higher photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. Analysis of the proteome of mutant plants revealed that they better regulate post-translational modification (SUMOylation) and have increased expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) proteins. Mutant plants also expressed unique proteins associated with dehydration tolerance including abscisic stress-ripening protein, cold induced protein, cold-responsive protein, dehydrin, Group 3 late embryogenesis, and a lipoprotein (LAlv9) belonging to the family of lipocalins. Overall, our results suggest that our new mutant RYNO3936 has a potential for inclusion in future breeding programs to improve drought tolerance under dryland conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maré Vlok
- Proteomics Unit, Central Analytical Facilities, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karl J. Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christopher A. Cullis
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Abstract
Rising CO2 concentrations and their effects on plant productivity present challenging issues. Effects on the photosynthesis/photorespiration balance and changes in primary metabolism are known, caused by the competitive interaction of CO2 and O2 at the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. However, impacts on stress resistance are less clear. Reactive oxygen species are key players in biotic and abiotic stress responses, but there is no consensus on whether elevated CO2 constitutes a stress. Although high CO2 increases yield in C3 plants, it can also increase cellular oxidation and activate phytohormone defense pathways. Reduction-oxidation processes play key roles in acclimation to high CO2, with specific enzymes acting in compartment-specific signaling. Traditionally, acclimation to high CO2 has been considered in terms of altered carbon gain, but emerging evidence suggests that CO2 is a signal as well as a substrate. Some CO2 effects on defense are likely mediated independently of primary metabolism. Nonetheless, primary photosynthetic metabolism is highly integrated with defense and stress signaling pathways, meaning that plants will be able to acclimate to the changing environment over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France;
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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