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Annaz H, El Fakhouri K, Ben Bakrim W, Mahdi I, El Bouhssini M, Sobeh M. Bergamotenes: A comprehensive compile of their natural occurrence, biosynthesis, toxicity, therapeutic merits and agricultural applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36876517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2184766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids constitute the largest subgroup of terpenoids that have numerous applications in pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance industries as well as biofuels. Bergamotenes, a type of bicyclic sesquiterpenes, are found in plants, insects, and fungi with α-trans-bergamotene as the most abundant compound. Bergamotenes and their related structures (Bergamotane sesquiterpenoids) have been shown to possess diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and insecticidal effects. However, studies on their biotechnological potential are still limited. This review compiles the characteristics of bergamotenes and their related structures in terms of occurrence, biosynthesis pathways, and biological activities. It further discusses their functionalities and potential applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pest management sectors. This review also opens novel perspectives in identifying and harnessing bergamotenes for pharmaceutical and agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Annaz
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Karim El Fakhouri
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Widad Ben Bakrim
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Ismail Mahdi
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Bouhssini
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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González-Mas MC, Rambla JL, López-Gresa MP, Blázquez MA, Granell A. Volatile Compounds in Citrus Essential Oils: A Comprehensive Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:12. [PMID: 30804951 PMCID: PMC6370709 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil fraction obtained from the rind of Citrus spp. is rich in chemical compounds of interest for the food and perfume industries, and therefore has been extensively studied during the last decades. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review of the volatile composition of this oil fraction and rind extracts for the 10 most studied Citrus species: C. sinensis (sweet orange), C. reticulata (mandarin), C. paradisi (grapefruit), C. grandis (pummelo), C. limon (lemon), C. medica (citron), C. aurantifolia (lime), C. aurantium (bitter orange), C. bergamia (bergamot orange), and C. junos (yuzu). Forty-nine volatile organic compounds have been reported in all 10 species, most of them terpenoid (90%), although about half of the volatile compounds identified in Citrus peel are non-terpenoid. Over 400 volatiles of different chemical nature have been exclusively described in only one of these species and some of them could be useful as species biomarkers. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on volatile composition arranges these Citrus species in three clusters which essentially mirrors those obtained with genetic information. The first cluster is comprised by C. reticulata, C. grandis, C. sinensis, C. paradisi and C. aurantium, and is mainly characterized by the presence of a larger abundance of non-terpenoid ester and aldehyde compounds than in the other species reviewed. The second cluster is comprised by C. junos, C. medica, C. aurantifolia, and C. bergamia, and is characterized by the prevalence of mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Finally, C. limon shows a particular volatile profile with some sulfur monoterpenoids and non-terpenoid esters and aldehydes as part of its main differential peculiarities. A systematic description of the rind volatile composition in each of the species is provided together with a general comparison with those in leaves and blossoms. Additionally, the most widely used techniques for the extraction and analysis of volatile Citrus compounds are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen González-Mas
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José L. Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Pilar López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Amparo Blázquez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Barba C, Beno N, Guichard E, Thomas-Danguin T. Selecting odorant compounds to enhance sweet flavor perception by gas chromatography/olfactometry-associated taste (GC/O-AT). Food Chem 2018; 257:172-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang H, Xie Y, Liu C, Chen S, Hu S, Xie Z, Deng X, Xu J. Comprehensive comparative analysis of volatile compounds in citrus fruits of different species. Food Chem 2017; 230:316-326. [PMID: 28407917 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The volatile profiles of fruit peels and juice sacs from 108 citrus accessions representing seven species were analyzed. Using GC-MS 162 and 107 compounds were determined in the peels and juice sacs, respectively. In the peels, monoterpene alcohols were accumulated in loose-skin mandarins; clementine tangerines and papedas were rich in sesquiterpene alcohols, sesquiterpenes, monoterpene alcohols and monoterpene aldehydes. β-pinene and sabinene were specifically accumulated in 4 of 5 lemon germplasms. Furthermore, concentrations of 34 distinctive compounds were selected to best represent the volatile profiles of seven species for HCA analysis, and the clustering results were in agreement with classic citrus taxonomy. Comparison of profiles from different growing seasons and production areas indicated that environmental factors play important roles in volatile metabolism. In addition, a few citrus germplasms that accumulated certain compounds were determined as promising breeding materials. Notably, volatile biosynthesis via MVA pathway in C. ichangensis 'Huaihua' was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Collene of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yunxia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Collene of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Cuihua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Agricultural Bureau of Yichang District, Yiling 443310, PR China.
| | - Shuangshuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Collene of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Collene of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Collene of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Collene of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Xiao Z, Ma S, Niu Y, Chen F, Yu D. Characterization of odour-active compounds of sweet orange essential oils of different regions by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-olfactometry and their correlation with sensory attributes. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Fragrance and Flavor Industry; Shanghai 200232 China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences; Clemson University; SC 29634 USA
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
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Jirapakkul W, Tinchan P, Chaiseri S. Effect of drying temperature on key odourants in kaffir lime (Citrus hystrixD.C., Rutaceae) leaves. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patcharaporn Tinchan
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; Bangkok; 10900; Thailand
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Liu C, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Deng X, Chen F, Xu J. Volatile constituents of wild citrus Mangshanyegan (Citrus nobilis Lauriro) peel oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2617-28. [PMID: 22352344 DOI: 10.1021/jf2039197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Volatiles of a wild mandarin, Mangshanyegan (Citrus nobilis Lauriro), were characterized by GC-MS, and their aroma active compounds were identified by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). The volatile profile of Mangshanyegan was compared with those of other four citrus species, Kaopan pummelo (Citrus grandis), Eureka lemon (Citrus limon), Huangyanbendizao tangerine (Citrus reticulata), and Seike navel orange (Citrus sinensis). Monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated in Mangshanyegan, in particular d-limonene and β-myrcene, which accounted for 85.75 and 10.89% of total volatiles, respectively. Among the 12 compounds with flavor dilution factors (FD) = 27, 8 oxygenated compounds, including (Z)- and (E)-linalool oxides, were present only in Mangshanyegan. The combined results of GC-O, quantitative analysis, odor activity values (OAVs), and omission tests revealed that β-myrcene and (Z)- and (E)-linalool oxides were the characteristic aroma compounds of Mangshanyegan, contributing to the balsamic and floral notes of its aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Deterre S, Rega B, Delarue J, Decloux M, Lebrun M, Giampaoli P. Identification of key aroma compounds from bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) products: essential oil and macerate-distillate extract. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deterre
- AgroParisTech, INRA and Cnam; UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments; 1 av. des Olympiades; F-91300; Massy; France
| | - Barbara Rega
- AgroParisTech, INRA and Cnam; UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments; 1 av. des Olympiades; F-91300; Massy; France
| | - Julien Delarue
- AgroParisTech, INRA and Cnam; UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments; 1 av. des Olympiades; F-91300; Massy; France
| | - Martine Decloux
- AgroParisTech, INRA and Cnam; UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments; 1 av. des Olympiades; F-91300; Massy; France
| | - Marc Lebrun
- CIRAD/PERSYST UMR ‘QualiSud’; Food Processing Research Unit TA B-95/16, 73; Rue J.-F. Breton; 34398; Montpellier Cedex 5; France
| | - Pierre Giampaoli
- AgroParisTech, INRA and Cnam; UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments; 1 av. des Olympiades; F-91300; Massy; France
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Omori H, Nakahara K, Umano K. Characterization of aroma compounds in the peel extract of Jabara (Citrus jabara Hort. ex Tanaka). FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Omori
- Takata Koryo Co., Ltd; 22-2, 7-chome, Tsukaguchi-honmachi; Amagasaki; Hyogo; 661-0001; Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakahara
- Takata Koryo Co., Ltd; 22-2, 7-chome, Tsukaguchi-honmachi; Amagasaki; Hyogo; 661-0001; Japan
| | - Katsumi Umano
- Takata Koryo Co., Ltd; 22-2, 7-chome, Tsukaguchi-honmachi; Amagasaki; Hyogo; 661-0001; Japan
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Song HS, Sawamura M. Volatile Profile of the Peel Oil of ‘Setoka’ ([‘Kiyomi x Encore No.2’] x ‘Murcott’), A New Hybrid Sweet Citrus Fruit. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2010.9700342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Song HS, Phi NTL, Sawamura M. Volatile Profile of the Peel Oil of Kiyomi (Citrus unshiuMarcov. xC. sinensisOsbeck), A New Hybrid Sweet Citrus Fruit. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2009.9700099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Song HS. The Volatile Composition of Kiyomi Peel Oil (Citrus unshiu Marcov×C. sinensis Osbeck) Cultivated in Korea. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2008.13.4.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sawamura M, Onishi Y, Ikemoto J, Tu NTM, Phi NTL. Characteristic odour components of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) essential oil. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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