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Park W, Kim Y, Cho SH. Protective Effects and Mechanism of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance on Alcohol-Induced Cognitive Decline in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8526. [PMID: 39126094 PMCID: PMC11313269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic and continuous alcohol consumption increases the risk of cognitive decline and may lead to alcohol-related dementia. We investigated the potential of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance root extract (HME) for treating alcohol-related cognitive impairment. Behavioral tests evaluated the effects of HME on cognitive function and depression. Changes in hippocampus and liver tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and H&E staining. The group treated with HME 200 mg/kg showed a significant increase in spontaneous alternation in Y-maze and a decrease in immobility in a forced swimming test (FST) compared to the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that HME can restore memory deficits and reverse depressive symptoms caused by chronic alcohol consumption. The HME-treated group also upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus. Additionally, it reduced lipid vacuolation in the liver and increased the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1). The administration of HME improves cognitive impairment and reverses depressive symptoms due to alcohol consumption, restoring neural plasticity in the hippocampus and alcohol metabolism in the liver. These findings suggest that HME is a promising treatment for alcohol-related brain disorders. Molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HME and its active ingredients should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohee Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yunna Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Lu M, Yuan X, Li G, Xu L, Zhang T, Song J. IRE1α regulates macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetic periodontitis through promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112056. [PMID: 38626546 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4μ8c, an inhibitor targeting the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated factor IRE1α, on macrophage polarization in an experimental model of diabetic periodontitis through ex vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Local alveolar bone parameters were evaluated using Micro-CT following intraperitoneal administration of 4μ8c in mice with experimental diabetic periodontitis. Surface markers indicating macrophage polarization were identified using immunofluorescence. In vitro experiments were performed employing bone marrow-derived macrophages and gingival fibroblasts. Macrophage polarization was determined using flow cytometry. Principal impacted signaling pathways were identified through Western blot analysis. RESULTS Results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that 4μ8c mitigated alveolar bone resorption and inflammation in mice with diabetic periodontitis. Furthermore, it modulated macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype and augmented M2 macrophage polarization through the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that inhibiting IRE1α can modulate macrophage polarization and alleviate ligature-induced diabetic periodontitis via the MAPK signaling pathway. This unveils a novel mechanism, offering a scientific foundation for the treatment of experimental diabetic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xulei Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Jang AY, Rod-in W, Shin IS, Park WJ. Immune Enhancement Effects of Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, Phospholipids from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic on RAW264.7 Macrophages. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:476-483. [PMID: 37942550 PMCID: PMC10940747 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fractionated lipids of Halocynthia aurantium (Pyuridae) have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, their modulatory properties have not been reported yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine immune enhancing effects of fractionated lipids from H. aurantium tunic on macrophage cells. The tunic of H. aurantium was used to isolate total lipids, which were then subsequently separated into neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%) of each fractionated lipid. Cytotoxicity, production of NO, expression levels of immune-associated genes, and signaling pathways were then determined. Neutral lipids and glycolipids significantly stimulated NO and PGE2 production and expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, while phospholipids ineffectively induced NO production and mRNA expression. Furthermore, it was found that both neutral lipids and glycolipids increased NF-κB p-65, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK phosphorylation, suggesting that these lipids might enhance immunity by activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, H. aurantium lipids-induced TNF-α expression was decreased by blocking MAPK or NF-κB signaling pathways. Phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells was also significantly enhanced by neutral lipids and glycolipids. These results suggest that neutral lipids and glycolipids from H. aurantium tunic have potential as immune-enhancing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-yeong Jang
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-in
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Il-shik Shin
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
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4
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Tian M, Wu N, Xie X, Liu T, You Y, Ma S, Bian H, Cao H, Wang L, Liu C, Qi J. Phosphorylation of RGS16 at Tyr168 promote HBeAg-mediated macrophage activation by ERK pathway to accelerate liver injury. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:257-272. [PMID: 38141114 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury is closely associated with macrophage activation following HBV infection. Our previous study showed that only HBeAg, but not HBsAg and HBcAg, stably enhances inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. And we also indicated that HBeAg could induce macrophage activation via TLR2 and thus aggravate the progression of liver fibrosis. However, the specific molecular mechanism of HBeAg in macrophage activation is not clear. We screened significantly overexpressed RGS16 from RNASeq results of HBeAg-stimulated macrophages and validated them with cellular assays, GSE83148 microarray dataset, and in clinical samples. Meanwhile, small interference, plasmid, and lentivirus transfection assays were used to establish cell models for knockdown and overexpression of RGS16, and q-PCR, ELISA, Transwell, and CCK-8 assays were used to analyze the role of RGS16 in HBeAg-induced macrophage activation. In addition, the upstream and downstream mechanisms of RGS16 in HBeAg-treated macrophage activation were explored using inhibitors, phostag gels, and RGS16 phosphorylation mutant plasmids. Finally, the effect of RGS16 on hepatic inflammation in murine tissues was evaluated by H&E staining, liver enzyme assay and immunofluorescence. RGS16 was significantly upregulated in HBeAg-induced macrophage activation, and its expression was enhanced with increasing HBeAg content and treatment time. Functional experiments showed that overexpression of RGS16 promoted the production of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 and boosted macrophage proliferation and migration, while knockdown of RGS16 exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we discovered that RGS16 is regulated by the TLR2/P38/STAT5 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, RGS16 enhanced ERK phosphorylation via its own Tyr168 phosphorylation to contribute to macrophage activation, thereby accelerating liver injury. Finally, in mice, overexpression of RGS16 markedly strengthened liver inflammation. HBeAg upregulates RGS16 expression through the TLR2-P38-STAT5 axis, and the upregulated expression of RGS16 enhances macrophage activation and accelerates liver injury by promoting ERK phosphorylation. In this process, phosphorylation of Tyr168 is necessary for RGS16 to function. KEY MESSAGES: RGS16 boosted HBeAg-induced macrophage inflammation, proliferation, and migration. Tyr168 phosphorylation of RGS16 affected by ERK promoted macrophage activation. HBeAg upregulated the expression of RGS16 through TLR2/P38/STAT5 signal pathway. RGS16 promoted liver injury by regulating macrophage functions in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Nijin Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing You
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Ko EY, Lee JH, Sivanesan I, Choi MJ, Keum YS, Saini RK. Carotenoid and Tocopherol Profiling in 18 Korean Traditional Green Leafy Vegetables by LC-SIM-MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061312. [PMID: 36981238 PMCID: PMC10048374 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are a vital source of redox-active phytochemicals in the diet. Traditional green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are a rich source of carotenoids, dietary fiber, minerals, phenols, vitamins, and tocopherols and are commonly consumed in rural areas worldwide. In traditional Korean medicine, many GLVs are used to treat various ailments. However, data on the carotenoid and tocopherol content of many traditional GLVs consumed in the Republic of Korea are insufficient. The current work aims to compare the carotenoid and tocopherol profiles of 18 traditional GLVs by utilizing a single ion monitoring LC-MS approach to identify the potential GLVs for commercial cultivation and healthy diet formulations. Among the traditional GLVs investigated, (all-E)-lutein was the most abundant carotenoid, ranging from 44.4% in Glehnia littoralis to 52.1% in Heracleum moellendorffii. It was followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. The highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin (75.6 µg/g FW), 9-Z-neoxanthin (48.4 µg/g FW), (all-E)-luteoxanthin (10.8 µg/g FW), (all-E)-lutein (174.1 µg/g FW), total xanthophylls (310.5 µg/g FW), (all-E)-β-carotene (69.6 µg/g FW), and total carotenoids (380.1 µg/g FW) were recorded in Pimpinella brachycarpa. Surprisingly, Taraxacum mongolicum also showed the highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin, (all-E)-lutein, and total carotenoids, which were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05, Tukey HSD) with P. brachycarpa. The highest concentration of (all-E)-zeaxanthin (14.4 µg/g FW) was recorded in Solidago virga-aurea. Among the studied herbs, 13.9 (H. moellendorffii)–133.6 µg/g FW (Toona sinensis) of α-tocopherol was recorded. Overall, the results suggest that P. brachycarpa and T. mongolicum are rich sources of carotenoids. On the other hand, T. sinensis is a rich source of α-tocopherol. These GLVs can be utilized in the diet to enhance the intake of health-beneficial carotenoids and α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
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6
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Eo HJ, Park Y, Kwon HY, Park GH. Immune-enhancing effects of Hibiscus syriacus roots in RAW264.7 macrcophages. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2107621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Eo
- Special Forest Resources Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yunmi Park
- Special Forest Resources Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae Yun Kwon
- Special Forest Resources Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Korea
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7
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Protective Effects of Piperine on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosa Injury by Oxidative Stress Inhibition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224744. [PMID: 36432431 PMCID: PMC9695505 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper nigrum Linnaeus is often used as a treatment for chills, stomach diseases, and other ailments. Piperine has many biological functions; however, its mechanism for preventing gastric mucosal damage is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of piperine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury by using GES-1 cells and rats. SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MDA were effectively regulated in GES-1 cells pre-treated with piperine. Piperine significantly increased SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, but decreased the ulcer area, MDA, ROS and MPO levels in the gastric tissues of rats. RT-PCR analysis showed that piperine downregulated the mRNA expression levels of keap1, JNK, ERK and p38, and upregulated the mRNA transcription levels of Nrf2 and HO-1. Western blotting results indicated that piperine could activate the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and inhibit the protein expression levels of keap1, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38. In conclusion, piperine suppressed ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in vitro and in vivo via oxidation inhibition and improving gastric-protecting activity by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and MAPK signalling pathways.
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8
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Jeon H, Oh S, Kum E, Seo S, Park Y, Kim G. Immunomodulatory Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Black Radish on Mouse Macrophages via the TLR2/4-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1376. [PMID: 36355548 PMCID: PMC9697478 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we determined the immunostimulatory effects of black radish (Raphanus sativus ver niger) hot water extract (BRHE) on a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and mouse peritoneal macrophages. We found that BRHE treatment increased cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) levels, cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species synthesis. Moreover, BRHE increased the expression of the following immunomodulators in RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages: pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), iNOS, and COX-2. BRHE treatment significantly up-regulated the phosphorylation of components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Further, the effects of BRHE on macrophages were significantly diminished after the cells were treated with the TLR2 antagonist C29 or the TLR4 antagonist TAK-242. Therefore, BRHE-induced immunostimulatory phenotypes in mouse macrophages were reversed by multiple inhibitors, such as TLR antagonist, MAPK inhibitor, and Akt inhibitor indicating that BRHE induced macrophage activation through the TLR2/4-MAPK-NFκB-Akt-STAT3 signaling pathway. These results indicate that BRHE may serve as a potential immunomodulatory factor or functional food and provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization and evaluation of black radish in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsik Jeon
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo 63608, Korea
| | - Soyeon Oh
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo 63608, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kum
- Yuyu Healthcare Inc., 59-11. Ucheonsaneopdanji-ro, Ucheon-myeon, Heengseong-gun 25244, Korea
| | - Sooyeong Seo
- Yuyu Healthcare Inc., 59-11. Ucheonsaneopdanji-ro, Ucheon-myeon, Heengseong-gun 25244, Korea
| | - Youngjun Park
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Giok Kim
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo 63608, Korea
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Duan Z, Xie H, Yu S, Wang S, Yang H. Piperine Derived from Piper nigrum L. Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory through the MAPK and NF-κB Signalling Pathways in RAW264.7 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192990. [PMID: 36230067 PMCID: PMC9563280 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperine, an important natural product, has a good anti-inflammatory effect. However, few researchers have studied its mechanism in these pathways. The objective of this research was to evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory responses of piperine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The purification and characterization of piperine from Piper nigrum L. were determined by HPLC, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and 1H NMR. Then, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by a reagent test kit, ELISA kits, RT-PCR and Western blot experiments. The results suggested that piperine (90.65 ± 0.46% purity) at a concentration of 10–20 mg/L attenuated the production of NO and ROS, downregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and upregulated the protein and mRNA transcription levels of IL-10. Meanwhile, the Western blot results indicated that piperine could inhibit the phosphorylation levels of the ERK, JNK, p38 and p65 proteins. Our findings suggest that piperine is a potential anti-inflammatory substance, whose molecular mechanism may be to regulate the key factors of the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouwei Duan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Shasha Yu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Deng W, Liu H, Guo L, Liu Y, Ma Z. Panax ginseng
abuse exhibits a pro‐inflammatory effect by activating the
NF‐κB
pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:2130-2140. [PMID: 37181298 PMCID: PMC10171492 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
P. ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a well-known traditional medicine that has been used for thousands of years to treat diseases. However, "ginseng abuse syndrome" (GAS) often occurs due to an inappropriate use such as high-dose or long-term usage of ginseng; information about what causes GAS and how GAS occurs is still lacking. In this study, the critical components that potentially caused GAS were screened through a step-by-step separation strategy, the pro-inflammatory effects of different extracts on messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein expression levels were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot, respectively. It was found that high-molecular water-soluble substances (HWSS) significantly increased the expression of cytokines (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein; gel filtration chromatography fraction 1 (GFC-F1) further purified from HWSS showed prominent pro-inflammatory effects by increasing the transcription of cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) as well as the expression of COX-2 and iNOS protein. Moreover, GFC-F1 activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) (p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B alpha (IκB-α)) and the p38/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. On the other hand, the inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)) reduced GFC-F1-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, while the inhibitors of the MAPK pathways did not. Taken together, GFC-F1 is the potential composition that caused GAS through the production of inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-кB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Hangxiu Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
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Sathasivam R, Kim NS, Choi M, Kwon H, Nguyen BV, Kim JK, Jeong DH, Park EJ, Park HW, Park SU. Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094845. [PMID: 35563233 PMCID: PMC9099461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heracleum moellendorffii Hance is a non-woody forest plant widely used in China, Korea, and Japan because of its various therapeutic properties. However, the genetic details of the carotenoid pathway (CP), xanthophyll pathway (XP), and apocarotenoid pathway (AP) genes have not been studied. Thus, the CP, XP, and AP genes of H. moellendorffii were detected and analyzed. A total of fifteen genes were identified, of which eight, four, and three belonged to CP, XP, and AP, respectively. All identified genes possessed full open reading frames. Phylogenetic characterization of the identified gene sequences showed the highest similarity with other higher plants. Multiple alignments and 3D dimensional structures showed several diverse conserved motifs, such as the carotene-binding motif, dinucleotide-binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. The results of real-time PCR showed that the CP, XP, and AP genes were highly expressed in leaves, followed by the stems and roots. In total, eight different individual carotenoids were identified using HPLC analysis. The highest individual and total carotenoid content were achieved in the leaves, followed by the stems and roots. This study will provide more information on the gene structure of the CP, XP, and AP genes, which may help to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in H. moellendorffii through genetic engineering. These results could be helpful for further molecular and functional studies of CP, XP, and AP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea;
| | - Minsol Choi
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Haejin Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Bao Van Nguyen
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Dae Hui Jeong
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Korea; (D.H.J.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Eung Jun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Korea; (D.H.J.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Hong Woo Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Korea; (D.H.J.); (E.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.P.); (S.U.P.); Tel.: +82-54-630-5649 (H.W.P.); +82-42-821-5730 (S.U.P.); Fax: +82-42-822-2631 (S.U.P.)
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.W.P.); (S.U.P.); Tel.: +82-54-630-5649 (H.W.P.); +82-42-821-5730 (S.U.P.); Fax: +82-42-822-2631 (S.U.P.)
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Luan Y, Zhang L, Sun T, Jiang X, Wu X, Cheng X. First Report of a Secovirus Associated with Mountain Celery Chlorotic Spot Disease in Heilongjiang, China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1311. [PMID: 34668404 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1418-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Sun X, Gao J, Meng X, Lu X, Zhang L, Chen R. Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763334. [PMID: 34950140 PMCID: PMC8688840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response in the host may cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play a variety of roles in PD, including regulatory and phagocytosis. Moreover, under the induction of different factors, macrophages polarize and form different functional phenotypes. Among them, M1-type macrophages with proinflammatory functions and M2-type macrophages with anti-inflammatory functions are the most representative, and both of them can regulate the tendency of the immune system to exert proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. M1 and M2 macrophages are involved in the destructive and reparative stages of PD. Due to the complex microenvironment of PD, the dynamic development of PD, and various local mediators, increasing attention has been given to the study of macrophage polarization in PD. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in the development of PD and its research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Xiaoyu Sun,
| | | | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Department of Periodontology, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Geum NG, Son HJ, Yeo JH, Yu JH, Choi MY, Lee JW, Baek JK, Jeong JB. Anti-obesity activity of Heracleum moellendorffii root extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5939-5945. [PMID: 34760227 PMCID: PMC8565208 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that H. mollendorffii roots (HMR) have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory activity and immunostimulatory activity. However, the anti-obesity activity of HMR has not been studied. Thus, we evaluated in vitro anti-obesity of HMR in mouse preadipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells. HMR reduced the lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents in 3T3-L1 cells. HMR inhibited the protein expressions such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), perilipin-1, adiponectin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) related to the lipid accumulation of the mature adipocytes. In addition, HMR induced the proteasomal degradation of CEBPα related to the differentiation of the preadipocytes into the mature adipocytes by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Based on the results of this study, HMR inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes through the CEBPα degradation via JNK and GSK3β activation and subsequently blocked lipid accumulation of mature adipocytes through inhibiting lipid accumulation-related proteins such as CEBPα, PPARγ, perilipin-1, adiponectin, FABP4, FAS, and ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gyeong Geum
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
| | - Ho Jun Son
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research CenterNational Institute of Forest ScienceYeongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Yeo
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
- Agricultural Corporation E·Farm CorpYeongjuKorea
| | - Ju Hyeong Yu
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
- Agricultural Corporation E·Farm CorpYeongjuKorea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
- PINOGEN CO LtdAndongKorea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Agricultural Corporation E·Farm CorpYeongjuKorea
| | - Jueng Kyu Baek
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
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