1
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The Application of Untargeted Metabolomics Using UHPLC-HRMS and Chemometrics for Authentication of Horse Milk Adulterated with Cow Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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2
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Jia W, Di C, Zhang R, Shi L. Application of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to dairy products research: An emerging modulator of gut microbiota and human metabolic disease risk. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Advancement of omics techniques for chemical profile analysis and authentication of milk. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093017. [PMID: 35566364 PMCID: PMC9103995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Food ingredient adulteration, especially the adulteration of milk and dairy products, is one of the important issues of food safety. The large price difference between camel milk powder, ovine, and bovine milk powder may be an incentive for the incorporation of ovine and bovine derived foods in camel milk products. This study evaluated the use of ordinary PCR and real-time PCR for the detection of camel milk powder adulteration based on the presence of ovine and bovine milk components. DNA was extracted from camel, ovine, and bovine milk powder using a deep-processed product column DNA extraction kit. The quality of the extracted DNA was detected by amplifying the target sequence from the mitochondrial Cytb gene, and the extracted DNA was used for the identification of milk powder based on PCR analysis. In addition, PCR-based methods (both ordinary PCR and real-time PCR) were used to detect laboratory adulteration models of milk powder using primers targeting mitochondrial genes. The results show that the ordinary PCR method had better sensitivity and could qualitatively detect ovine and bovine milk components in the range of 1% to 100% in camel milk powder. The commercial camel milk powder was used to verify the practicability of this method. The real-time PCR normalization system has a good exponential correlation (R2 = 0.9822 and 0.9923) between ovine or bovine content and Ct ratio (specific/internal reference gene) and allows for the quantitative determination of ovine or bovine milk contents in adulterated camel milk powder samples. Accuracy was effectively validated using simulated adulterated samples, with recoveries ranging from 80% to 110% with a coefficient of variation of less than 7%, exhibiting sufficient parameters of trueness. The ordinary PCR qualitative detection and real-time PCR quantitative detection method established in this study proved to be a specific, sensitive, and effective technology, which is expected to be used for market detection.
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5
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang S, Kang C, Zhang M, Li Y. Identification and quantification of fox meat in meat products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 372:131336. [PMID: 34818744 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, food adulteration has become an important global problem, threatening public health safety and the healthy development of food industry. This study established a liquid chromatography-tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) method for accurate identification and quantitative analysis of fox meat products. High-resolution mass was used for data collection, and Proteome Discoverer was used for data analysis to screen fox-specific peptides. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted using the data obtained from the label-free analysis of different contents of simulated samples. Samples with different contents were distinguished without interfering with each other, suggesting the feasibility of quantitative analysis of fox meat content. The linear correlation coefficient and recovery rate were calculated to determine the fox peptides that can be used for accurate quantification. The established LC-MS/MS method can be used for the accurate identification and quantification of actual samples. In addition, this method can provide technical support for law enforcement departments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengyao Liu
- China Meat Research Center, 100068 Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Wang
- China Meat Research Center, 100068 Beijing, China
| | - Chaodi Kang
- China Meat Research Center, 100068 Beijing, China
| | | | - Yingying Li
- China Meat Research Center, 100068 Beijing, China.
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6
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Hong Y, Birse N, Quinn B, Montgomery H, Wu D, Rosas da Silva G, van Ruth SM, Elliott CT. Identification of milk from different animal and plant sources by desorption electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:14. [PMID: 35149683 PMCID: PMC8837636 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to analyse and detect and classify biomarkers in five different animal and plant sources of milk for the first time. A range of differences in terms of features was observed in the spectra of cow milk, goat milk, camel milk, soya milk, and oat milk. Chemometric modelling was then used to classify the mass spectra data, enabling unique or significant markers for each milk source to be identified. The classification of different milk sources was achieved with a cross-validation percentage rate of 100% through linear discriminate analysis (LDA) with high sensitivity to adulteration (0.1-5% v/v). The DESI-MS results from the milk samples analysed show the methodology to have high classification accuracy, and in the absence of complex sample clean-up which is often associated with authenticity testing, to be a rapid and efficient approach for milk fraud control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Hong
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Nicholas Birse
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brian Quinn
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Holly Montgomery
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Di Wu
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gonçalo Rosas da Silva
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, western, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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7
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Wei Z, Kang J, Liao M, Ju H, Fan R, Shang J, Ning X, Li M. Investigating changes of proteome in the bovine milk serum after retort processing using proteomics techniques. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:307-316. [PMID: 35154669 PMCID: PMC8825719 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the changes of the proteins in bovine milk serum after retort processing by label-free quantification proteomics techniques. A total of 96 and 106 proteins were quantified in control group (CG) and retort group (RG), respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the identified milk serum proteins showed a decrease in the abundance of most proteins, such as serum albumin, lactoperoxidase, lactotransferrin, and complement C3, and an increase in the abundance of other proteins such as κ-casein, lipocalin 2, and Perilipin. Student's t-test showed 21 proteins significantly differential abundance between CG and RG (p < .05), of which intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) of five proteins decreased and iBAQ of 16 proteins increased. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that retort processing increased the digestibility of proteins, but this improvement was offset by a decrease in the digestibility of proteins caused by protein modification. Our results provide insight into the proteome of retort sterilized milk for the first time. Given the extremely high security of retort sterilized milk, the proteome of bovine milk serum changes after retort sterilization exposed in this study will contribute to the formula design of retort sterilized milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Minhe Liao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Huanhuan Ju
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Rong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiaqi Shang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xuenan Ning
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceMinistry of EducationNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- College of Food ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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8
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Valletta M, Ragucci S, Landi N, Di Maro A, Pedone PV, Russo R, Chambery A. Mass spectrometry-based protein and peptide profiling for food frauds, traceability and authenticity assessment. Food Chem 2021; 365:130456. [PMID: 34243122 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing use of mass spectrometry (MS) methodologies in food authentication and traceability originates from their unrivalled specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. Such features are crucial for setting up analytical strategies for detecting food frauds and adulterations by monitoring selected components within food matrices. Among MS approaches, protein and peptide profiling has become increasingly consolidated. This review explores the current knowledge on recent MS techniques using protein and peptide biomarkers for assessing food traceability and authenticity, with a specific focus on their use for unmasking potential frauds and adulterations. We provide a survey of the current state-of-the-art instrumentation including the most reliable and sensitive acquisition modes highlighting advantages and limitations. Finally, we summarize the recent applications of MS to protein/peptide analyses in food matrices and examine their potential in ensuring the quality of agro-food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Valletta
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sara Ragucci
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicola Landi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Vincenzo Pedone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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9
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Beattie JR, Esmonde-White FWL. Exploration of Principal Component Analysis: Deriving Principal Component Analysis Visually Using Spectra. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:361-375. [PMID: 33393349 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820987847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopy rapidly captures a large amount of data that is not directly interpretable. Principal component analysis is widely used to simplify complex spectral datasets into comprehensible information by identifying recurring patterns in the data with minimal loss of information. The linear algebra underpinning principal component analysis is not well understood by many applied analytical scientists and spectroscopists who use principal component analysis. The meaning of features identified through principal component analysis is often unclear. This manuscript traces the journey of the spectra themselves through the operations behind principal component analysis, with each step illustrated by simulated spectra. Principal component analysis relies solely on the information within the spectra, consequently the mathematical model is dependent on the nature of the data itself. The direct links between model and spectra allow concrete spectroscopic explanation of principal component analysis , such as the scores representing "concentration" or "weights". The principal components (loadings) are by definition hidden, repeated and uncorrelated spectral shapes that linearly combine to generate the observed spectra. They can be visualized as subtraction spectra between extreme differences within the dataset. Each PC is shown to be a successive refinement of the estimated spectra, improving the fit between PC reconstructed data and the original data. Understanding the data-led development of a principal component analysis model shows how to interpret application specific chemical meaning of the principal component analysis loadings and how to analyze scores. A critical benefit of principal component analysis is its simplicity and the succinctness of its description of a dataset, making it powerful and flexible.
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10
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Avula B, Parveen I, Zhao J, Wang M, Techen N, Wang YH, Riaz M, Bae JY, Shami AA, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Sharp JS. A Comprehensive Workflow for the Analysis of Bio-Macromolecular Supplements: Case Study of 20 Whey Protein Products. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:515-533. [PMID: 33764265 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1897724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of bio-macromolecules as major ingredients is a primary factor in marketing many biologically derived macromolecular supplements. Workflows for analyzing these supplements for quality assurance, adulteration, and other supply-chain difficulties must include a qualitative assessment of small-molecule and macromolecular components; however, no such integrated protocol has been reported for these bio-macromolecular supplements. Twenty whey protein supplements were analyzed using an integrated workflow to identify protein content, protein adulteration, inorganic elemental content, and macromolecular and small-molecule profiles. Orthogonal analytical methods were employed, including NMR profiling, LC-DAD-QToF analysis of small-molecule components, ICP-MS analysis of inorganic elements, determination of total protein content by a Bradford assay, SDS-PAGE protein profiling, and bottom-up shotgun proteomic analysis using LC-MS-MS. All 20 supplements showed a reduced protein content compared to the claimed content but no evidence of adulteration with protein from an unclaimed source. Many supplements included unlabeled small-molecule additives (but nontoxic) and significant deviations in metal content, highlighting the importance of both macromolecular and small-molecule analysis in the comprehensive profiling of macromolecular supplements. An orthogonal, integrated workflow allowed the detection of crucial product characteristics that would have remained unidentified using traditional workflows involving either analysis of small-molecule nutritional supplements or protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Iffat Parveen
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Natascha Techen
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mohammad Riaz
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA University
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Anter A Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA University
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA University
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA University.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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11
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Zhang L, Hou J, Zhou H, Nawaz MAH, Li Y, Huang H, Yu C. Identification of milk adulteration by a sensor array based on cationic polymer induced aggregation of a perylene probe. Food Chem 2020; 343:128492. [PMID: 33158685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence sensor array based on cationic polymer induced self-assembly of a perylene probe is developed. Cationic polymer induced aggregation of the carboxyl modified negatively charged perylene probe, and resulted in large quenching of monomer emission and generation of excimer emission. Upon the addition of negatively charged protein, monomer fluorescence restored with a decrease in excimer fluorescence. Based on these observations, we developed a six-channel sensor array to discriminate five main proteins in milk. In addition, we successfully identified pure milk out of different drinks using the developed sensor array since different drinks contained distinct species and contents of proteins. Furthermore, the sensor array exhibited excellent performance to discriminate milk adulterated by different concentrations of adulterants with 100% accuracy of cross validation. The analysis results also presented excellent linear correlation of adulterants contents and thus the developed sensor array shows great potential for quantitative detection of milk adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China
| | - Jiaze Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Huipeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China.
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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12
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Wang Y, Pan B, Zhang M, DU X, Wu W, Fu L, Zhou Q, Zheng Y. Electrochemical Profile Recording for Pueraria Variety Identification. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1237-1241. [PMID: 32475893 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid identification of plant variety is valuable in both academic studies and crop production. However, rapid and accurate identification has been difficult because many varieties have very similar morphological characteristics and are susceptible to the effects of the growing environment. In this work, we established an electrochemical method for recording the electro-active profile of compounds in plant tissue. Because the chemical composition of different varieties is largely controlled by their genes, rather than a growing environment, this method has considerable potential for variety identification. Three varieties of Pueraria with sixteen locations were collected for confirming the feasibility of the proposed methodology. Principal component analysis and peak ratio analysis have been used for grouping the sample data. The results indicate the electrochemical profiles of three varieties can be distinguished using their voltammetric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University
| | - Bo Pan
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University
| | - Xinpeng DU
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University
| | - Weihong Wu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University
| | - Qinwei Zhou
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen)
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13
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England P, Tang W, Kostrzewa M, Shahrezaei V, Larrouy-Maumus G. Discrimination of bovine milk from non-dairy milk by lipids fingerprinting using routine matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5160. [PMID: 32198427 PMCID: PMC7083858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important sustainable development goal for any country is to ensure food security by producing a sufficient and safe food supply. This is the case for bovine milk where addition of non-dairy milks such as vegetables (e.g., soya or coconut) has become a common source of adulteration and fraud. Conventionally, gas chromatography techniques are used to detect key lipids (e.g., triacylglycerols) has an effective read-out of assessing milks origins and to detect foreign milks in bovine milks. However, such approach requires several sample preparation steps and a dedicated laboratory environment, precluding a high throughput process. To cope with this need, here, we aimed to develop a novel and simple method without organic solvent extractions for the detection of bovine and non-dairy milks based on lipids fingerprint by routine MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). The optimized method relies on the simple dilution of milks in water followed by MALDI-TOF MS analyses in the positive linear ion mode and using a matrix consisting of a 9:1 mixture of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (super-DHB) solubilized at 10 mg/mL in 70% ethanol. This sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid method has potential for use in food authenticity applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa England
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenhao Tang
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vahid Shahrezaei
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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14
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Du L, Lu W, Zhang Y, Gao B, Yu L. Detection of milk powder in liquid whole milk using hydrolyzed peptide and intact protein mass spectral fingerprints coupled with data fusion technologies. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1471-1479. [PMID: 32180956 PMCID: PMC7063352 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of the presence of milk powder in liquid whole milk is challenging due to their similar chemical components. In this study, a sensitive and robust approach has been developed and tested for potential utilization in discriminating adulterated milk from liquid whole milk by analyzing the intact protein and hydrolyzed peptide using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) fingerprints combined with data fusion. Two different datasets from intact protein and peptide fingerprints were fused to improve the discriminating ability of principle component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the midlevel data fusion coupled with PCA could completely distinguish liquid whole milk from the milk. The limit of detection of milk powder in liquid whole milk was 0.5% (based on the total protein equivalence). These results suggested that fused data from intact protein and peptide fingerprints created greater synergic effect in detecting milk quality, and the combination of data fusion and PCA analysis could be used for the detection of adulterated milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Du
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China.,China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing) Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Weiying Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China.,China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing) Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA
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