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Sathiyaseelan A, Zhang X, Han K, Wang MH. Enhancing antifungal and biocompatible efficacy of undecanoic acid through incorporation with chitosan-based nanoemulsion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131328. [PMID: 38574901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The management of invasive fungal infections in humans poses significant challenges due to the intricate nature of the treatment, which is both arduous and costly, necessitating routine diagnostic procedures. Consequently, this investigation aimed to formulate a chitosan-based nanoemulsion (CS NEMs) incorporating the antifungal agent undecanoic acid (UDA), characterizing these NEMs and assessing their antifungal efficacy against both filamentous and non-filamentous fungal pathogens. The CS-based UDA NEMs were synthesized by introducing the surfactant Triton X-100 and the stabilizer glycerol. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and SEM demonstrated the CS-UDA NEMs with an average size of 145 nm and 164.5 ± 24 nm, respectively. The successful formation of CS-UDA NEMs was verified through FTIR and XRD. CS-UDA NEMs exhibited exceptional inhibition against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans with MFC of 500, 500, 250 and 250 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, CS-UDA NEMs displayed comparatively lower antioxidant activity as determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Importantly, CS-UDA NEMs demonstrated no cytotoxic effects on NIH3T3 cells even at higher concentration (1000 μg/mL), as confirmed by cell viability and fluorescent staining assays. In conclusion, this study suggests that the developed CS-UDA NEMs hold promise as potent antifungal agents with diverse potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiseok Han
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Aditya L, Vu HP, Johir MAH, Mao S, Ansari A, Fu Q, Nghiem LD. Synthesizing cationic polymers and tuning their properties for microalgae harvesting. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170423. [PMID: 38281644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a facile technique to synthesize and tune the cationic polymer, poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PAPTAC), in terms of molecular weight and surface change for harvesting three microalgae species (Scenedesmus sp., P.purpureum, and C. vulgaris). The PAPTAC polymer was synthesised by UV-induced free-radical polymerisation. Polymer tuning was demonstrated by regulating the monomer concentration (60 to 360 mg/mL) and UV power (36 and 60 W) for polymerisation. The obtained PAPTAC polymer was evaluated for harvesting three different microalgae species and compared to a commercially available polymer. The highest flocculation efficiency for Scenedesmus sp. and P. purpureum was observed at a dosage of 25 mg-polymer/g of dry biomass by using PAPTAC-90, resulting in higher flocculation efficiency than the commercial polymer. Results in this study show evidence of effective neutralisation of the negative charge surface of microalgae cells by the produced cationic PAPTAC polymer and polymer bridging for effective flocculation. The obtained PAPTAC polymer was less effective for harvesting C. vulgaris, possibly due to other factors such as cell morphology and composition of extracellular polymeric substances of at the cell membrane that may also influence harvesting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Aditya
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Hang P Vu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Shudi Mao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Ashley Ansari
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia.
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia.
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3
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Fattahi N, Gorgannezhad L, Masoule SF, Babanejad N, Ramazani A, Raoufi M, Sharifikolouei E, Foroumadi A, Khoobi M. PEI-based functional materials: Fabrication techniques, properties, and biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103119. [PMID: 38447243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have recently attracted considerable interest as research breakthroughs for various industrial and biomedical applications. They are particularly interesting due to their highly positive charges, acceptable physicochemical properties, and ability to undergo further modifications, making them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. Polyethyleneimines (PEIs), as the most extensively utilized polymers, are one of the valuable and prominent classes of polycations. Owing to their flexible polymeric chains, broad molecular weight (MW) distribution, and repetitive structural units, their customization for functional composites is more feasible. The specific beneficial attributes of PEIs could be introduced by purposeful functionalization or modification, long service life, biocompatibility, and distinct geometry. Therefore, PEIs have significant potential in biotechnology, medicine, and bioscience. In this review, we present the advances in PEI-based nanomaterials, their transfection efficiency, and their toxicity over the past few years. Furthermore, the potential and suitability of PEIs for various applications are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review aims to inspire readers to investigate innovative approaches for the design and development of next-generation PEI-based nanomaterials possessing cutting-edge functionalities and appealing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Lena Gorgannezhad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shabnam Farkhonde Masoule
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifikolouei
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Use of wastewater alum-coagulation sludge as a phosphorus fertiliser - a mini review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:18412-18421. [PMID: 38367108 PMCID: PMC10924021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The use of aluminium (Al) salts, particularly alum, in coagulation is a widespread and conventional treatment method for eliminating pollutants, including phosphorus (P) which can cause eutrophication, from wastewater. However, a significant challenge of this process is the substantial amount of sludge generated, necessitating proper disposal. Historically, land disposal has been a common practice, but it poses potential issues for plant life on these lands. Despite the associated drawbacks, sludge contains elevated concentrations of vital plant nutrients like P and nitrogen, presenting an opportunity for beneficial use in agriculture. Given the imminent scarcity of P fertilizers due to the eventual depletion of high-grade P ores, this review explores the potential advantages and challenges of utilizing Al sludge as a P source for plants and proposes measures for its beneficial application. One primary concern with land application of Al sludge is its high levels of soluble Al, known to be toxic to plants, particularly in acidic soils. Another issue arises from the elevated Al concentration is P fixation and subsequently reducing P uptake by plants. To address these issues, soil treatment options such as lime, gypsum, and organic matter can be employed. Additionally, modifying the coagulation process by substituting part of the Al salts with cationic organic polymers proves effective in reducing the Al content of the sludge. The gradual release of P from sludge into the soil over time proves beneficial for plants with extended growth periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
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Casper J, Schenk SH, Parhizkar E, Detampel P, Dehshahri A, Huwyler J. Polyethylenimine (PEI) in gene therapy: Current status and clinical applications. J Control Release 2023; 362:667-691. [PMID: 37666302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyethlyenimine (PEI) was introduced 1995 as a cationic polymer for nucleic acid delivery. PEI and its derivatives are extensively used in basic research and as reference formulations in the field of polymer-based gene delivery. Despite its widespread use, the number of clinical applications to date is limited. Thus, this review aims to consolidate the past applications of PEI in DNA delivery, elucidate the obstacles that hinder its transition to clinical use, and highlight potential prospects for novel iterations of PEI derivatives. The present review article is divided into three sections. The first section examines the mechanism of action employed by PEI, examining fundamental aspects of cellular delivery including uptake mechanisms, release from endosomes, and transport into the cell nucleus, along with potential strategies for enhancing these delivery phases. Moreover, an in-depth analysis is conducted concerning the mechanism underlying cellular toxicity, accompanied with approaches to overcome this major challenge. The second part is devoted to the in vivo performance of PEI and its application in various therapeutic indications. While systemic administration has proven to be challenging, alternative localized delivery routes hold promise, such as treatment of solid tumors, application as a vaccine, or serving as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary delivery. In the last section, the outcome of completed and ongoing clinical trials is summarized. Finally, an expert opinion is provided on the potential of PEI and its future applications. PEI-based formulations for nucleic acid delivery have a promising potential, it will be an important task for the years to come to introduce innovations that address PEI-associated shortcomings by introducing well-designed PEI formulations in combination with an appropriate route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Casper
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne H Schenk
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elahehnaz Parhizkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pascal Detampel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Lee J, Kwon YE, Edwards SD, Guim H, Jae Jeong K. Improved biocompatibility of dendrimer-based gene delivery by histidine-modified nuclear localization signals. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123299. [PMID: 37558147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have been explored as an alternative to polyethylenimine (PEI) as a gene delivery carrier because of their relatively low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. The transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimers can be improved by the addition of nuclear localization signal (NLS), a positively charged peptide sequence recognized by cargo proteins in the cytoplasm for nuclear transport. However, increased positive charges from NLS can cause damage to the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes and lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cytotoxicity. This negative effect of NLS can be negated without a significant reduction in transfection efficiency by adding histidine, an essential amino acid known as a natural antioxidant, to NLS. However, little is known about the exact mechanism by which histidine reduces cytotoxicity of NLS-modified dendrimers. In this study, we selected cystamine core PAMAM dendrimer generation 2 (cPG2) and conjugated it with NLS derived from Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen and histidine (n = 0-3) to improve transfection efficiency and reduce cytoxicity. NLS-modified cPG2 derivatives showed similar or higher transfection efficiency than PEI 25 kDa in NIH3T3 and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). The cytotoxicity of NLS-modified cPG2 derivatives was substantially lower than PEI 25 kDa and was further reduced as the number of histidine in NLS increased. To understand the mechanism of cytoprotective effect of histidine-conjugated NLS, we examined ROS scavenging, hydroxyl radical generation and mitochondrial membrane potential as a function of the number of histidine in NLS. As the number of hisidine increased, cPG2 scavenged ROS more effectively as evidenced by the hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC) assay. This was consistent with the reduced intracellular hydroxyl radical concentration measured by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay in NIH3T3. Finally, fluorescence imaging with JC-1 confirmed that the mitochondrial membranes of NIH 3T3 were well-protected during the transfection when NLS contained histidine. These experimental results confirm the hypothesis that histidine residues scavenge ROS that is generated during the transfection process, preventing the excessive damage to mitochondrial membranes, leading to reduced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeil Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Yong-Eun Kwon
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Seth D Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Hwanuk Guim
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States.
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7
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Hansen AMB, Brill JL, Connors KA, Belanger SE, Baun A, Sanderson H. Understanding ecotoxicological drivers and responses of freshwater green algae, Raphidocelis subcapitata, to cationic polyquaternium polymers. Environ Res 2023; 231:116282. [PMID: 37257746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymer (CP) ecotoxicity is important to understand and investigate as they are widely used in industrial and consumer applications and have shown toxic effects in some aquatic organisms. CPs are identified as "polymers of concern" and are to be prioritized in upcoming regulatory reviews, (e.g., REACH). Algae have generally been found to be the most sensitive trophic level to CP. This study aimed at elucidating the magnitude of cationic polyquaternium toxicity towards algae and to understand key toxicological drivers. A suite of polyquaterniums with varying charge density (charged nitrogen moieties) and molecular weight were selected. Highly charged polyquaternium-6 and -16 were toxic towards the freshwater green microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata with ErC50-values ranging between 0.12 and 0.41 mg/L. Lower charge density polyquaternium-10 materials had much lower toxicity with ErC50 > 200 mg/L, suggesting that charge density is an important driver of algal toxicity. These levels of toxicity were in line with historic CP data in literature. Algal agglomeration was observed in all tests but was not linked with impacts on algal growth rate. However, agglomeration can pose challenges in the technical conduct of tests and can impair interpretation of results. The toxicity mitigation potential of humic acid was also explored. The addition of 2-20 mg/L humic acid completely mitigated PQ6 and PQ16 toxicity at concentrations higher than clean water ErC50-values. CP toxicity mitigation has also been observed in fish and invertebrate tests, suggesting that CP mitigation should be accounted for in all trophic levels within an environmental safety framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica L Brill
- Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Kristin A Connors
- Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA.
| | - Scott E Belanger
- Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Goli T, Jathan Y, Yang Y, Pagilla KR, Marchand EA. Pilot-scale demonstration of dissolved organic nitrogen removal from an advanced water reclamation facility using enhanced coagulation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162864. [PMID: 36931510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most wastewater treatment facilities that satisfy stricter discharge restrictions for nutrients, remove dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species efficiently, leaving dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to be present at a higher proportion (up to 85 %) of total nitrogen (TN) in the effluent. Discharged DON promotes algae growth in receiving water bodies and is a growing concern in effluent potable reuse applications considering its potential to form hazardous nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs). Enhanced coagulation is an established process in the advanced water treatment train for most potable reuse applications. However, so far, no information has been collected at the pilot scale to address DON removal efficiency and process implications by enhanced coagulation under real conditions. This study performed a comprehensive evaluation of DON removal from the effluent of the Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility (TMWRF) by enhanced coagulation over the course of 11 months at the pilot scale. Three different coagulants (aluminum sulfate (alum), poly‑aluminum chloride (PACl), ferric chloride (FC)) and a cationic polymer coagulant aid (Clarifloc) were used. Optimum doses for each coagulant and polymer and ideal pH were determined by jar tests and applied at the pilot. Alum (24 mg/L) resulted in highly variable DON removal (6 % - 40 %, 21 % on average), which was enhanced by the addition of polymer, leading to 32 % DON removal on average. PACl (40 mg/L) and FC (100 mg/L) resulted in more consistent DON removal (on average 45 % and 57 %, respectively); however, polymer addition exerted minimal enhancement for these coagulants. Overall, enhanced coagulation effectively reduced DON in the tertiary effluent at the pilot scale. The treatment showed auxiliary benefits, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and orthophosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Goli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yasha Jathan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Krishna R Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Eric A Marchand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Sahel DK, Goswami SG, Jatyan R, Kumari A, Mittal A, Ramalingam S, Chitkara D. Lipopolymeric nanocarrier enables effective delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 expressing plasmid. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023:e2300101. [PMID: 37186473 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has proven its accuracy and precision for gene editing by making a double-strand break at the predetermined nucleic acid sequence. Despite being a mainstream gene editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 has limitations for its in vivo delivery due to the physico-chemical properties such as high molecular weight, supranegative charge, degradation in the presence of nucleases in the biological fluid, etc. Viral vector has been vastly used to deliver CRISPR/Cas components but possesses ample drawbacks and is challenging to translate. We hereby explored a cationic lipopolymer, i.e, mPEG b-(CB-{g-cationic chain; g-Chol; g-Morph}) for its efficiency in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid (pCas9) in vitro and in vivo. The polymer was utilized to form blank cationic nanoplexes having a zeta potential of +15.8 ± 0.7 mV. Being cationic, the blank nanoplexes were able to condense the pCas9 plasmid at a ratio of 1:20 with a complexation efficiency of ∼98% and showed a size and zeta potential of ∼141 ± 16 nm and 4.2 mV ± 0.7, respectively. The pCas9-loaded nanoplexes showed a transfection efficiency of ∼69% in ARPE-19 cells and showed ∼22% of indel frequency indicating the successful translation of Cas9 protein and guide RNA in the cytosol. Further, they were found to be stable under in vivo environment when given intravenously in Swiss albino mice. These lipopolymeric nanoplexes could be a potential carrier for CRISPR plasmids for genome editing applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Sahel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | | | - Reena Jatyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Anupma Kumari
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | | | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
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Wang H, Tenkumo T, Nemoto E, Kanda Y, Ogawa T, Sasaki K. Introduction of tenomodulin by gene transfection vectors for rat bone tissue regeneration. Regen Ther 2023; 22:99-108. [PMID: 36712960 PMCID: PMC9842804 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal ligament is regenerated in association with hard tissue regeneration. Tenomodulin (Tnmd) expression has been confirmed in periodontal ligament and it reportedly inhibits angiogenesis or is involved in collagen fibril maturation. The introduction of Tnmd by gene transfection in bone tissue regeneration therapy might inhibit topical hard tissue formation and induce the formation of dense fibrous tissue. Therefore, the effect of Tnmd introduction by gene transfection technique in vitro and in vivo was investigated in this study. Methods Osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related gene expression levels in osteoblastic cells (MC3T3E1) and rat bone marrow derived cells were detected using qPCR three days after gene transfection with plasmid DNA (Tnmd) using non-viral gene transfection vectors: a calcium phosphate-based gene transfection vector (CaP(Tnmd)) or a cationic polymer-based reagent (JetPEI (Tnmd)). Next, an atelocollagen scaffold with or without CaP (Tnmd) or JetPEI (Tnmd) was implanted into a rat calvaria bone defect, and the remaining bone defect volume and the tissue reaction at 28 days after surgery were evaluated. Results Runx 2 and SP7 mRNA was reduced by JetPEI (Tnmd) in both cells, but not in CaP(Tnmd). The volume of expressed Tnmd was at 9 ng/mL in both gene transfection vector. The remaining bone defect volume of JetPEI (Tnmd) was significantly bigger than that of the other groups and CaP (EGFP), and that of CaP (Tnmd) was significantly bigger than that of CaP (EGFP). Conclusions Tnmd introduction treatment inhibits bone formation in artificial bone defect, however, the effect of that was dependent on non-viral gene transfection vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Taichi Tenkumo
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Corresponding author. Fax.: (+81)(022)717-8371.
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kanda
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Ogawa
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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11
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Yakimenko O, Ziganshina A, Terekhova V, Panova I, Gladkova M, Timofeev M, Yaroslavov A. Ecotoxicity of polyelectrolyte formulations in water and soil matrices. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:65489-65499. [PMID: 35488153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) formed by the interaction of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes have been proposed as soil structure stabilizers. However, little is known about the environmental safety of IPECs. The goal of this study was to investigate the toxicity of a positively charged IPEC formed by two commercial polymers, namely the cationic biopolymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and the anionic biopolymer lignohumate (LH), a humic-based plant growth promoter. Toxicity was assessed using cultures of the bacteria Escherichia coli, the ciliate Paramecium caudatum, mammalian (Bos taurus) spermatozoa in vitro, and three plant species (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus, and Triticum durum). The responses of test organisms were evaluated in contact with (1) polymer and water and (2) polymer and soil. In water, PDDA and IPEC were highly toxic to bacteria and ciliates at all concentrations and less toxic to mammalian cells. Higher plants were less sensitive to the polymers, and the toxicity progressively decreased in the order PDDA > IPEC > LH. In soil matrices; the phytotoxicity of PDDA and IPEC was found to be quite low, and none of the polymers was toxic to plants at concentrations that allowed the formation of polymeric soil crusts against erosion. This is because the toxicity of cationic polymers decreases as they enter the soil matrix and bind to organic matter and minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yakimenko
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Aliya Ziganshina
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Terekhova
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Panova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Gladkova
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Timofeev
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yaroslavov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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12
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Rawlings JM, Belanger SE, Connors KA, Karb MJ, Thomas JB, Roush KS, Sanderson H. Understanding Ecotoxicological Responses of Fish Embryos and Gill Cells to Cationic Polymers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:2259-2272. [PMID: 35703088 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are considered by the scientific and regulatory communities as a group of greater interest amongst the polymers in commerce. As a category, relatively little hazard information is available in the public literature. Very few examples exist of published, high-quality polymer characterization and quantification of exposure. In the present study we describe a series of fish embryo toxicity (FET) and fish gill cytotoxicity assays used to establish a baseline understanding of several representative polyquaternium categories (PQ-6, PQ-10, PQ-16) in animal alternative models, accompanied by high-quality analytical characterization. Materials were chosen to encompass a range of molecular weights and charge densities to determine the influence of test material characteristics on toxicity. Both chorionated and dechorionated FET assays were generally similar to published acute fish toxicity data. Toxicity was correlated with cationic polymer charge density, and not with molecular weight, and was a combination of physical effects and likely toxicity at the site of action. Toxicity could be ameliorated by humic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Fish gill cytotoxicity results were orders of magnitude less sensitive than FET test responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2259-2272. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Rawlings
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott E Belanger
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin A Connors
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mike J Karb
- Corporate Functions Analytical, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline B Thomas
- Corporate Functions Analytical, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle S Roush
- Global Product Stewardship, Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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13
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Gholami L, Mahmoudi A, Kazemi Oskuee R, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. An overview of polyallylamine applications in gene delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:714-724. [PMID: 35880621 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A chief objective of gene transportation studies is to manipulate clinically accepted carriers that can be utilized to combat incurable diseases. Despite various strategies, efficiency and application of these vectors have been hindered, owing to different obstacles. Polyallylamine (PAA) is a synthetic water-soluble, weak base cationic polymer with different properties that could be administrated as an ideal candidate for biomedical applications such as gene delivery, drug delivery, or even tissue engineering. However, some intrinsic properties of this polymer limit its application. The two associated problems with the use of PAA in gene delivery are low transfection efficiency (because of low buffering capacity) and cytotoxic effects attributed to intense cationic character. Most of the strategies for structural modification of the PAA structure have focused on introducing hydrophobic groups to the polymeric backbone that target both cytotoxicity and transfection. In this perspective, we concentrate on PAA as a gene delivery vehicle and the existing approaches for modification of this cationic polymer to give insight to researchers for exploitation of PAA as an efficient carrier in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Corti MB, Campagno LP, Romero VL, Gutierrez S, Alovero FL. Cationic polymer contributes to broaden the spectrum of vancomycin activity achieving eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:507. [PMID: 35859215 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin (VAN) is unable to penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and reach the target site. One approach to overcome this limitation is to associate it with compounds with permeabilizing or antimicrobial properties. Eudragit E100® (Eu) is a cationic polymer insufficiently characterized for its potential antimicrobial action. Eu-VAN combinations were characterized, the antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated and previous studies on the effects of Eu on bacterial envelopes were extended. Time-kill assays showed eradication of P. aeruginosa within 3-6 h exposure to Eu-VAN, whilst VAN was ineffective. Eu showed regrowth in 24 h and delayed colony pigmentation. Although permeabilization of bacterial envelopes or morphological alterations observed by TEM and flow cytometry after exposure to Eu were insufficient to cause bacterial death, they allowed access of VAN to the target site, since Eu-VAN/Van-FL-treated cultures showed fluorescent staining in all bacterial cells, indicating Van-FL internalization. Consequently, Eu potentiated the activity of an otherwise inactive antibiotic against P. aeruginosa. Moreover, Eu-VAN combinations exhibited improved physicochemical properties and could be used in the development of therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa B Corti
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana P Campagno
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutierrez
- Centro de Microscopia Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabiana L Alovero
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
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15
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Clifford AM, Jasinska EJ, Meints J, Hanna J, Goss GG. Hypoxemia as the mechanism of acute cationic polymer toxicity in rainbow trout and prevention of toxicity using an anionic neutralizing polymer. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 248:106198. [PMID: 35605491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrial operations such as surface mining, road building, and aggregate washing result in high concentrations of suspended particles (Total Suspended Solids; TSS) in surface waters which must be treated prior to discharge into fish-bearing waters. A common industrial practice is to add flocculants to improve the efficacy and speed of TSS sedimentation. A significant environmental issue even small amounts of uncomplexed cationic polymer coagulant/flocculant remaining in treated water is highly toxic to fish at very low concentrations (LC50 ∼ 0.3 mg L-1). Fingerling trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to (1) a cationic flocculant (Water Lynx 800 (WL800), (2) a Clearflow neutralizing polymer (CN369), and (3) a combination of WL800 and CN369 at various ratios with measured LC50 as an index of toxicity. Acute toxicity was entirely reversed by addition of the neutralizing polymer at WL800:CN369 ratios >1:1.5 mg/L. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proximal mechanism of acute cationic polymer toxicity is hypoxemia due to accumulation of polymer on the gill epithelia rather than gill damage. Exposure of 0.5 mg/L WL800 reduced oxygen consumption by >50% reduction by 12 h and this was accompanied by significantly increased blood, brain, and liver [lactate] and [glucose]. The development of an inexpensive amelioration technique preventing cationic polymer toxicity is a significant advancement in surface and industrial water treatment to prevent cationic polymer mediated fish kills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Clifford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada; Clearflow Group, 134 Pembina Rd Unit 140, Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada T8H 0M2
| | - Edyta J Jasinska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada; Clearflow Group, 134 Pembina Rd Unit 140, Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada T8H 0M2
| | - Jesse Meints
- Clearflow Group, 134 Pembina Rd Unit 140, Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada T8H 0M2
| | - Jerry Hanna
- Clearflow Group, 134 Pembina Rd Unit 140, Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada T8H 0M2
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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16
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Kim HJ, Seo SK, Park HY. Physical and chemical advances of synthetic delivery vehicles to enhance mRNA vaccine efficacy. J Control Release 2022; 345:405-416. [PMID: 35314261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The successful translation of mRNA vaccines slows down the spread of viral infectious diseases, which may be accomplished by developing novel chemically modified nucleotides (or nucleosides) and highly efficient, safe mRNA delivery vehicles. Delivery vehicles protect vulnerable antigen mRNA and increase the uptake of mRNA into antigen-presenting cells in the peripheral tissue or lymph nodes. This review introduces essential characteristics of mRNA vaccines (e.g., particle sizes, colloidal stability, surface charges/endosomal escape ability, and ligand conjugation) that may be used to generate high immune responses against foreign antigens. The significance and mechanism of each characteristic are described based on the results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss the development of next generation delivery vehicles for future mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Kyoung Seo
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are caused by the accumulation of abnormal isoforms of the prion protein (scrapie isoform of the prion protein, PrPSc) in the central nervous system. Many compounds with anti-prion activities have been found using in silico screening, in vitro models, persistently prion-infected cell models, and prion-infected rodent models. Some of these compounds include several types of polymers. Although the inhibition or removal of PrPSc production is the main target of therapy, the unique features of prions, namely protein aggregation and assembly accompanied by steric structural transformation, may require different strategies for the development of anti-prion drugs than those for conventional therapeutics targeting enzyme inhibition, agonist ligands, or modulation of signaling. In this paper, we first overview the history of the application of polymers to prion disease research. Next, we describe the characteristics of each type of polymer with anti-prion activity. Finally, we discuss the common features of these polymers. Although drug delivery of these polymers to the brain is a challenge, they are useful not only as leads for therapeutic drugs but also as tools to explore the structure of PrPSc and are indispensable for prion disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Teruya
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsumi Doh-Ura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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18
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Gonzalez A, van Lier JB, de Kreuk MK. Effects of mild thermal pre-treatment combined with H 2O 2 addition on waste activated sludge digestibility. Waste Manag 2022; 141:163-172. [PMID: 35123250 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pre-treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) has become more common since it often results in improved bioconversion to methane, in both rate and extent. However, thorough insights on the possible effects and mechanisms of mild pre-treatment techniques, such as temperatures <100 °C combined with the addition of H2O2, are still limited. This study reports the effects of the addition of 5-30 mgH2O2/g TS and its interaction with thermal pre-treatment at 70 °C on methane production, using WAS as the substrate. It was found that the addition of H2O2 increased the methane production rate, coinciding with a decrease in apparent viscosity of WAS, which probably improved mass transfer under non-ideal mixing conditions. While H2O2 solubilized proteins and carbohydrates and mineralized a small fraction of the humic substances in WAS, these biochemical transformations did not suffice to explain the observed extent and rate of methane production. A decreased particle size, the presence of Fenton's reagent, and the presence of cationic polymers in the WAS were discarded as the reasons for the observed decrease in apparent viscosity. It was concluded that the pre-treatment conditions applied in the present study might be a strategy to enhance mixing conditions in full-scale anaerobic digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gonzalez
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Sanitary Engineering Section, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Sanitary Engineering Section, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Merle K de Kreuk
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Sanitary Engineering Section, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Spherical or discoidal lipid polymer nanostructures bearing cationic charges successfully adsorb a variety of oppositely charged antigens (Ag) such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, or oligonucleotides. This report provides instructions for the preparation and physical characterization of four different cationic nanostructures able to combine and deliver antigens to the immune system: (1) dioctadecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayer fragments (DODAB BF); (2) polystyrene sulfate (PSS) nanoparticles (NPs) covered with one cationic dioctadecyl dimethylammonium bromide bilayer (DODAB) named (PSS/DODAB); (3) cationic NPs of biocompatible polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) prepared by emulsion polymerization of the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer in the presence of DODAB BF (PMMA/DODAB NPs); (4) antigen NPs (NPs) where the cationic polymer poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) directly combined at nontoxic and low dose with the antigen (Ag); when the oppositely charged model antigen is ovalbumin (OVA), NPs are named PDDA/OVA. These nanostructures provide adequate microenvironments for carrying and delivering antigens to the antigen-presenting cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Ideriha Mathiazzi
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yunys Pérez-Betancourt
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Hooshmand SE, Ebadati A, Hosseini ES, Vahabi AH, Oshaghi M, Rahighi R, Orooji Y, Jahromi MAM, Varma RS, Hamblin MR, Karimi M. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects of nanoscale multifunctional cationic alternating copolymers. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105550. [PMID: 34920337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by new or unknown bacteria and viruses, such as anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis and even COVID-19, are a major threat to humanity. Thus, the development of new synthetic compounds with efficient antimicrobial activity is a necessity. Herein, rationally designed novel multifunctional cationic alternating copolymers were directly synthesized through a step-growth polymerization reaction using a bivalent electrophilic cross-linker containing disulfide bonds and a diamine heterocyclic ring. To optimize the activity of these alternating copolymers, several different diamines and cross-linkers were explored to find the highest antibacterial effects. The synthesized nanopolymers not only displayed good to excellent antibacterial activity as judged by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, but also reduced the number of biofilm cells even at low concentrations, without killing mammalian cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using infected burn wounds in mice demonstrated good antibacterial activity and stimulated wound healing, without causing systemic inflammation. These findings suggest that the multifunctional cationic nanopolymers have potential as a novel antibacterial agent for eradication of multidrug resistant bacterial infections.
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21
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Kim HJ, Kim A, Miyata K. Synthetic molecule libraries for nucleic acid delivery: Design parameters in cationic/ionizable lipids and polymers. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 42:100428. [PMID: 34837771 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the design of cationic lipids and polymers has successfully translated nucleic acid drugs into clinical applications, such as the treatment of liver diseases and the prevention of virus infection. Small or large libraries of delivery molecules have been used to find the key chemical structures to protect nucleic acids from nucleases in the extracellular milieu and to facilitate the endosomal escape after endocytosis. This review introduces three essential design parameters (i.e., acid dissociation constant, hydrophobicity, and biodegradability) to develop synthetic molecules for nucleic acid delivery. The significance and mechanism of each parameter are described based on the results obtained from in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Other design parameters were then discussed to create the next generation of delivery molecules for future nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
| | - Ahram Kim
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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22
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Richter F, Leer K, Martin L, Mapfumo P, Solomun JI, Kuchenbrod MT, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC, Traeger A. The impact of anionic polymers on gene delivery: how composition and assembly help evading the toxicity-efficiency dilemma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:292. [PMID: 34579715 PMCID: PMC8477462 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been widely studied for non-viral gene delivery due to their ability to bind genetic material and to interact with cellular membranes. However, their charged nature carries the risk of increased cytotoxicity and interaction with serum proteins, limiting their potential in vivo application. Therefore, hydrophilic or anionic shielding polymers are applied to counteract these effects. Herein, a series of micelle-forming and micelle-shielding polymers were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The copolymer poly[(n-butyl acrylate)-b-(2-(dimethyl amino)ethyl acrylamide)] (P(nBA-b-DMAEAm)) was assembled into cationic micelles and different shielding polymers were applied, i.e., poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(4-acryloyl morpholine) (PNAM) or P(NAM-b-AA) block copolymer. These systems were compared to a triblock terpolymer micelle comprising PAA as the middle block. The assemblies were investigated regarding their morphology, interaction with pDNA, cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency, polyplex uptake and endosomal escape. The naked cationic micelle exhibited superior transfection efficiency, but increased cytotoxicity. The addition of shielding polymers led to reduced toxicity. In particular, the triblock terpolymer micelle convinced with high cell viability and no significant loss in efficiency. The highest shielding effect was achieved by layering micelles with P(NAM-b-AA) supporting the colloidal stability at neutral zeta potential and completely restoring cell viability while maintaining moderate transfection efficiencies. The high potential of this micelle-layer-combination for gene delivery was illustrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Leer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liam Martin
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Prosper Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maren T Kuchenbrod
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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23
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Lee J, Kwon YE, Kim J, Kim DW, Guim H, Yeon J, Kim JC, Choi JS. Nonviral gene delivery using PAMAM dendrimer conjugated with the nuclear localization signal peptide derived from human papillomavirus type 11 E2 protein. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2021; 32:1140-1160. [PMID: 33765897 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1909411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are biocompatible polymers utilized in multiple biomedical applications including tissue engineering, medical diagnosis, drug and gene delivery systems, and biosensors. Normally, high-generation PAMAM dendrimers are advantageous for use in gene therapy research because they have a relatively high transfection efficiency. A high-generation PAMAM dendrimer has a high charge density, which induces greater damage to the membranous organelles than that induced by a low-generation PAMAM dendrimer. In this study, we added NLS sequences derived from the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 E2 protein to the low-generation PAMAM generation 2 (PAMAM G2) dendrimer and simultaneously introduced histidine residues to reduce cytotoxicity. RKRARH-PAMAM G2 showed similar and high transfection efficiencies in Neuro-2A and NIH3T3 cell lines and relatively low cytotoxicities relative to that of polyethylenimine 25 kDa (PEI 25 kDa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeil Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Kwon
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanuk Guim
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyeong Yeon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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24
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Richter F, Mapfumo P, Martin L, Solomun JI, Hausig F, Frietsch JJ, Ernst T, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Improved gene delivery to K-562 leukemia cells by lipoic acid modified block copolymer micelles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:70. [PMID: 33676500 PMCID: PMC7936509 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there has been substantial progress in the research field of gene delivery, there are some challenges remaining, e.g. there are still cell types such as primary cells and suspension cells (immune cells) known to be difficult to transfect. Cationic polymers have gained increasing attention due to their ability to bind, condense and mask genetic material, being amenable to scale up and highly variable in their composition. In addition, they can be combined with further monomers exhibiting desired biological and chemical properties, such as antioxidative, pH- and redox-responsive or biocompatible features. By introduction of hydrophobic monomers, in particular as block copolymers, cationic micelles can be formed possessing an improved chance of transfection in otherwise challenging cells. In this study, the antioxidant biomolecule lipoic acid, which can also be used as crosslinker, was incorporated into the hydrophobic block of a diblock copolymer, poly{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]101-b-[n-(butyl methacrylate)124-co-(lipoic acid methacrylate)22]} (P(DMAEMA101-b-[nBMA124-co-LAMA22])), synthesized by RAFT polymerization and assembled into micelles (LAMA-mic). These micelles were investigated regarding their pDNA binding, cytotoxicity mechanisms and transfection efficiency in K-562 and HEK293T cells, the former representing a difficult to transfect, suspension leukemia cell line. The LAMA-mic exhibited low cytotoxicity at applied concentrations but demonstrated superior transfection efficiency in HEK293T and especially K-562 cells. In-depth studies on the transfection mechanism revealed that transfection efficiency in K-562 cells does not depend on the specific oncogenic fusion gene BCR-ABL alone. It is independent of the cellular uptake of polymer-pDNA complexes but correlates with the endosomal escape of the LAMA-mic. A comparison of the transfection efficiency of the LAMA-mic with structurally comparable micelles without lipoic acid showed that lipoic acid is not solely responsible for the superior transfection efficiency of the LAMA-mic. More likely, a synergistic effect of the antioxidative lipoic acid and the micellar architecture was identified. Therefore, the incorporation of lipoic acid into the core of hydrophobic-cationic micelles represents a promising tailor-made transfer strategy, which can potentially be beneficial for other difficult to transfect cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Prosper Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liam Martin
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen J Frietsch
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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25
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Wusiman A, Jiang W, Yu L, Zhu T, He J, Liu Z, Bo R, Liu J, Wang D. Cationic polymer-modified Alhagi honey polysaccharide PLGA nanoparticles as an adjuvant to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:370-382. [PMID: 33621572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alhagi honey polysaccharide (AHP) exhibit an excellent immune adjuvant effect, but low bioavailability in the body limits its application. Cationic polymer-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have been widely investigated as vaccine delivery systems owing to their excellent antigen-loading efficiency. In this study, three kinds of cationic polymer were used to coat AHP-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (AHPP) to build positively charged antigen carriers. Among them, H5N1-loaded PEI-AHPP formulation could induce highest hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, IgG-subtype, and cytokines, activated dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes, and CD3e+CD4+ and CD3e+CD8a+ T cells in the spleen of immunized mice. PEI-AHPP could stimulate DCs to highly express MHCI and MHCII molecules and had good antigen slow-release effect at the injected site along with lymph node targeting. These findings demonstrate that PEI-AHPP has the potential to be an effective adjuvant to induce strong and long-lasting Th1 and Th2 mixed immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelijiang Wusiman
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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26
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Solomun JI, Cinar G, Mapfumo P, Richter F, Moek E, Hausig F, Martin L, Hoeppener S, Nischang I, Traeger A. Solely aqueous formulation of hydrophobic cationic polymers for efficient gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120080. [PMID: 33246046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are promising gene delivery vectors due to their ability to bind and protect genetic material. The introduction of hydrophobic moieties into cationic polymers can further improve the vector efficiency, but common formulations of hydrophobic polymers involve harsh conditions such as organic solvents, impairing intactness and loading efficiency of the genetic material. In this study, a mild, aqueous formulation method for the encapsulation of high amounts of genetic material is presented. A well-defined pH-responsive hydrophobic copolymer, i.e. poly((n-butylmethacrylate)-co-(methylmethacrylate)-co-(2-(dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylate)), (PBMD) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Exploiting the pH-dependent solubility behavior of the polymer, stable pDNA loaded nanoparticles were prepared and characterized using analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). This novel formulation approach showed high transfection efficiencies in HEK293T cells, while requiring 5- to 10-fold less pDNA compared to linear polyethylenimine (LPEI), in particular at short incubation times and in serum-containing media. Furthermore, the formulation was successfully adopted for siRNA and mRNA encapsulation and the commercially approved polymer Eudragit® E(PO/100). Overall, the aqueous formulation approach, accompanied by a tailor-made hydrophobic polymer and detailed physicochemical and application studies, led to improved gene delivery vectors with high potential for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gizem Cinar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Prosper Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Liam Martin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Owing to the unique physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes, they have been widely explored as delivery vectors for proteins, and nucleic acid etc. after functionalization. Particularly, the modification of carbon nanotubes suited for the delivery of siRNA has been intensely studied over the past decade. The assay described in this chapter allows for realizable quantification of siRNA binding on carbon nanotube-based materials using gel electrophoresis and silencing by flow cytometry when the siRNA complexes are delivered in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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28
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Chen Q, Sheng R, Wang P, Ouyang Q, Wang A, Ali S, Zareef M, Hassan MM. Ultra-sensitive detection of malathion residues using FRET-based upconversion fluorescence sensor in food. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 241:118654. [PMID: 32659702 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphorus pesticide which could remain in agricultural products and exert irreversible harmful effects on human health. Hence, strict monitoring of malathion contents is very significant. Here, a highly sensitive fluorescent aptasensor was developed for the determination of malathion, the system was based on a cationic polymer-mediated fluorescence 'turn-off'. In this system, malathion-specific aptamers were bound to cationic polymer through electrostatic interactions. To produce fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), negatively charged upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) and cationic-polymer encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were combined. This combination resulted in fluorescence quenching, and the degree of quenching was correlated with the concentration of malathion. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensities were observed to decrease linearly with the rising concentration of the malathion from 0.01 to 1 μM with a detection limit of 1.42 nM. Furthermore, the developed sensor possessed good selective recognition ability for malathion and was successfully used to detect malathion in adulterated tap water and matcha samples with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Ren Sheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Pingyue Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Ancheng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shujat Ali
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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29
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Salinas ER, Bozich JS, Kolbenschlag S, Kary-Heinrich M, Hopp PW, Lukas R, Zok S, Hidding B. Aquatic testing guidelines insufficiently control the influence of dilution water toc and hardness on cationic polymer toxicity - A proposal to improve standardized test procedures. Chemosphere 2020; 259:127473. [PMID: 32622247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers (CPs) are widely used chemicals for wastewater treatment applications and in various "down-the-drain" household products. The aquatic toxicity of CPs results from an electrostatic interaction with negatively charged cell surfaces. These effects are greatly mitigated by the binding affinity of CPs to total organic carbon (TOC) in surface water. Consequently, baseline aquatic toxicity tests of CPs using clean lab water (TOC < 2 mg/L) typically overestimate toxicity and risk which is greatly mitigated at higher environmentally relevant OC levels. However, the point at which mitigation begins is not well defined and low-level TOC in lab water may influence the baseline toxicity outcome. Similarly, divalent cations, quantified as water hardness, may modulate the electrostatic binding between OC and CP. Although standard guidelines define limits for lab water hardness and TOC, the consequences of variability within those limits on test outcome is unknown. We investigated the impact of part-per-billion (ppb) additions of TOC to lab water at different hardness levels on CP acute toxicity to Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata. In both species, the acute toxicities of CPs with different molecular weight and charge density varied by > 10-fold in response to slight changes in TOC and water hardness, although parameters were maintained within guideline limits. When determining the baseline aquatic toxicity of CPs, the lab water should be standardized at the lowest biologically tolerable hardness and TOC at a reliably measurable level (>1 - < 2 mg/L) to reduce variability and increase the reliability of the toxicity estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Salinas
- Experimental Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Jared S Bozich
- Experimental Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- Experimental Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Miriam Kary-Heinrich
- Experimental Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp W Hopp
- Regulatory Ecotoxicology, BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Henkelstrasse 67, 40589, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lukas
- Product Stewardship, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sabine Zok
- Experimental Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Björn Hidding
- Experimental Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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30
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Zhang L, Hou J, Zhou H, Nawaz MAH, Li Y, Huang H, Yu C. Identification of milk adulteration by a sensor array based on cationic polymer induced aggregation of a perylene probe. Food Chem 2020; 343:128492. [PMID: 33158685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence sensor array based on cationic polymer induced self-assembly of a perylene probe is developed. Cationic polymer induced aggregation of the carboxyl modified negatively charged perylene probe, and resulted in large quenching of monomer emission and generation of excimer emission. Upon the addition of negatively charged protein, monomer fluorescence restored with a decrease in excimer fluorescence. Based on these observations, we developed a six-channel sensor array to discriminate five main proteins in milk. In addition, we successfully identified pure milk out of different drinks using the developed sensor array since different drinks contained distinct species and contents of proteins. Furthermore, the sensor array exhibited excellent performance to discriminate milk adulterated by different concentrations of adulterants with 100% accuracy of cross validation. The analysis results also presented excellent linear correlation of adulterants contents and thus the developed sensor array shows great potential for quantitative detection of milk adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China
| | - Jiaze Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Huipeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, PR China.
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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31
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Supe S, Upadhya A, Singh K. Role of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in targeting ocular neovascularization: A review. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108329. [PMID: 33198953 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ocular neovascularization (NV) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of various ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinoblastoma, retinitis pigmentosa and may lead to loss of vision if not controlled in time. Several clinical trials elucidate the central role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of the ocular neovascularization. The advent and extensive use of ocular anti-VEGF therapy heralded a new age in the treatment of retinal vascular and exudative diseases. RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to inhibit the in-vitro and in-vivo expression of specific genes and thus provides an extremely useful method for investigating gene activity with minimal toxicity. siRNA targeting VEGF overcomes many drawbacks associated with the conventional treatment available for the treatment of ocular neovascularization. However, delivery methods that protect the siRNA against degradation and are appropriate for long-term care will help increase the effectiveness of RNAi-based anti-VEGF ocular therapies. Several nanotechnology approaches have been explored by formulation scientists for delivery of siRNA to the eye; targeting particularly VEGF for the treatment of NV. This review mainly focuses on current updates in various pre-clinical and clinical siRNA strategies for targeting VEGF involved in the development of ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Supe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Upadhya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India.
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32
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Mortadi A, Elmelouky A, Chahbi M, Ghyati NE, Zaim S, Cherkaoui O, El Moznine R. Flocculation monitoring of wastewater by using impedance spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 224:117437. [PMID: 31425862 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to monitor the flocculation process using the analysis of the electric and dielectric properties. Therefore the dielectric and electrical characteristics of wastewater with different cationic polymer concentrations were investigated via the impedance spectroscopy (IS) method. Impedance measurements were carried at different concentration of cationic polymer in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz. The analysis of complex permittivity spectra was described by the superposition of a power law at a low frequency related to the diffusion process and Cole-Cole relaxation behavior at high frequency. Moreover, an equivalent circuit model was developed in order to analyze the experimental data and to further investigate both processes. The variation of the parameters extracted from the equivalent circuit with the increase of cationic polymer concentrations has shown a net transition at 10 mg/l. This behavior could reflect the flocculation of dispersed particles at 10 mg/l. The findings in this work could draw new attention toward the monitoring of the coagulation-flocculation process using impedance spectroscopy and could be extended to other kinds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mortadi
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco.
| | - A Elmelouky
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - M Chahbi
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - N El Ghyati
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - S Zaim
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - O Cherkaoui
- Higher School of Textile and Clothing Industries, Laboratory REMTEX, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - R El Moznine
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
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Ateia M, Arifuzzaman M, Pellizzeri S, Attia MF, Tharayil N, Anker JN, Karanfil T. Cationic polymer for selective removal of GenX and short-chain PFAS from surface waters and wastewaters at ng/L levels. Water Res 2019; 163:114874. [PMID: 31336210 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The emerging classes of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) (e.g., Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), GenX, ADONA, and F-53B) are persistent and recalcitrant to removal by conventional treatment techniques. Herein, we report on poly (N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide, methyl chloride quaternary, DMAPAA-Q) hydrogel matrix as an effective sorbent for sequestering PFAS from different water matrices. The selective removal of 16 PFAS from different classes using DMAPAA-Q polymer was confirmed in surface waters and treated wastewater at environmentally relevant concentration (i.e., <1000 ng/L). The results showed fast removal kinetics with equilibrium time of 60-120 min and a higher removal of sulfonated than carboxylic PFAS, regardless of their chain lengths. These observations were in agreement with adsorption energy calculations of short- and long-chain PFAS on poly DMAPAA-Q hydrogel using density functional theory (DFT). No desorption was observed when the experimental time was extended to 24 h, which gives an added advantage of poly DMAPAA-Q hydrogel over previously reported adsorbents in the literature. In addition, the removal efficiency was not affected under a varying pH range of 4-10. The impact of background anions on PFAS removal by poly DMAPAA-Q hydrogel was tested and found to follow an order of SO42- > Cl- > NO3-. The performance of poly DMAPAA-Q hydrogel was maintained in six consecutive adsorption/regeneration cycles to remove PFAS. The unique fast kinetics and high adsorption activity of poly DMAPAA-Q hydrogel towards PFAS exhibits a great potential for being a promising material for PFAS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Md Arifuzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Steven Pellizzeri
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed F Attia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Anker
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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Sang F, Zhang X, Liu J, Yin S, Zhang Z. A label-free hairpin aptamer probe for colorimetric detection of adenosine triphosphate based on the anti-aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 217:122-127. [PMID: 30928837 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile and rapid colorimetric approach was described for selective and sensitive determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on a hairpin aptamer probe and the anti-aggregation of AuNPs. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) can induce the aggregation of AuNPs due to the electrostatic interaction causing a red to blue color change. Upon the addition of ATP, aptamer-based hairpin probe is opened and releases flexible ssDNA ends. The released flexible ssDNA ends can interact with PDDA and prevent PDDA-induced AuNPs aggregation. Thus, a visible color change from blue to red and a decrease in the absorption ratio (A610/A520) are observed. Under the optimal conditions, the hairpin aptamer-based colorimetric assay exhibits high sensibility and selectivity for the detection of ATP with a detection limit of 1.7nM. Moreover, this assay is successfully used in the rapid determination of ATP in spiked human serum samples with good recoveries in the range of 102.88 to 104.07%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Sang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyao Yin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhou Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
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Wusiman A, He J, Zhu T, Liu Z, Gu P, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of the cationic polymer modified PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating Alhagi honey polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:730-739. [PMID: 31071396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In previous researches, the results showed that Alhagi honey polysaccharide-loaded poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (AHPP) as immune adjuvant enhanced Th1 immune responses. In order to further enhance the immune adjuvant activity and phagocytosis of the nanoparticles, three kinds of Alhagi honey polysaccharide-loaded cationic polymer modified PLGA nanoparticles were prepared to investigate the effects on macrophages in vitro. After treatment with the nanoparticles, the effects of phagocytosis, co-stimulatory molecules expression, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines secretion were evaluated. The results showed that the surface structure of cationic polymer modified AHPP nanoparticles were not obviously changed, and the stability was greatly improved. Cationic polymer modified AHPP nanoparticles significantly stimulated phagocytic activity, MHCII+, CD86+, and CD80+ expression of macrophages. In addition, the levels of NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-12 were enhanced in the peritoneal macrophages by stimulation with cationic polymer modified AHPP nanoparticles. Among them, polyethyleneimine modified PLGA nanoparticles (PEI-AHPP) showed the best effects on the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, and secretions of NO, iNOS, and cytokines. These results indicated that PEI-AHPP could enhance the activation of macrophages, and it could be potentially used as an AHP delivery system for the induction of strong immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelijiang Wusiman
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Jeon YJ, Kim HJ. Duox2-induced innate immune responses in the respiratory epithelium and intranasal delivery of Duox2 DNA using polymer that mediates immunization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4339-4343. [PMID: 29600494 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory mucosa especially nasal epithelium is well known as the first-line barrier of air-borne pathogens. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are detected in in vitro cultured human epithelial cells and in vivo lung. With identification of NADPH oxidase (Nox) system of respiratory epithelium, the antimicrobial role of ROS has been studied. Duox2 is the most abundant Nox isoform and produces the regulated amount of ROS in respiratory epithelium. Duox2-derived ROS are involved in antiviral innate immune responses but more studies are needed to verify the mechanism. In respiratory epithelium, Duox2-derived ROS is critical for recognition of virus through families retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) at the early stage of antiviral innate immune responses. Various secreted interferons (IFNs) play essential roles for antiviral host defense by downstream cell signaling, and transcription of IFN-stimulated genes is started to suppress viral replication. Type I and type III IFNs are verified more responsible for influenza A virus (IAV) infection in respiratory epithelium and Duox2 is required to regulate IFN-related immune responses. Transient overexpression of Duox2 using cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) induces secretion of type I and type III IFNs and significantly attenuated IAV replication in respiratory epithelium. Here, we discuss Duox2-mediated antiviral innate immune responses and the role of Duox2 as a mucosal vaccine to resist respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Jin Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Medina-Ramírez A, Flores-Díaz AA, Ruiz Camacho B, García-Ruiz G. Synthesis of zeolite membranes on calcium silicate support and their bioactive response. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:61-71. [PMID: 29428997 PMCID: PMC5823815 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of calcium silicate supported zeolite membrane was carried out by second growth method. The chemical nature of the functionalizing agent on the formation of homogenous zeolite membrane was evaluated. One monomer and two cationic polymers were used: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), polyethylenimine (PEI) and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA). The support was subjected to chemical functionalization and then it was rubbed with zeolite crystals. The W zeolite was used as zeolite seed in two different Si/Al ratios. The functionalized and rubbed supports were submitted to hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 48 h. The bioactivity of the homogeneous zeolite membranes was evaluated by the biomimetic method through the membranes soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 21 days. Two immersion methods were evaluated. The products were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The results indicated that the supported functionalization with PDDA and the Si/Al ratio (higher than 1.8) of zeolite enhanced the interaction between the support and the zeolite precursor enhancing the formation of homogeneous zeolite membrane on the surface. The presence of the functional groups of PDDA on the membrane was detected by FTIR. After immersion in SBF, the zeolite membrane was stable and led to the formation of Ca-P layer on its surface. The re-immersion method led to the formation of richer Ca/P layer (1.36). These findings allowed generating a zeolite membrane with combined properties of calcium silicate and the controllable porosity of zeolitic material making it potentially useful for bone regeneration and drug releasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Medina-Ramírez
- Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato. Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - A. A. Flores-Díaz
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacan de Ocampo, Av. Universidad #3000 Lomas de la Universidad, 56020 Sahuayo, Michoacan Mexico
| | - B. Ruiz Camacho
- Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato. Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - G. García-Ruiz
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacan de Ocampo, Av. Universidad #3000 Lomas de la Universidad, 56020 Sahuayo, Michoacan Mexico
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Krivitsky A, Polyak D, Scomparin A, Eliyahu S, Ofek P, Tiram G, Kalinski H, Avkin-Nachum S, Feiner Gracia N, Albertazzi L, Satchi-Fainaro R. Amphiphilic poly(α)glutamate polymeric micelles for systemic administration of siRNA to tumors. Nanomedicine 2018; 14:303-315. [PMID: 29127036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RNAi therapeutics carried a great promise to the area of personalized medicine: the ability to target "undruggable" oncogenic pathways. Nevertheless, their efficient tumor targeting via systemic administration had not been resolved yet. Amphiphilic alkylated poly(α)glutamate amine (APA) can serve as a cationic carrier to the negatively-charged oligonucleotides. APA polymers complexed with siRNA to form round-shaped, homogenous and reproducible nano-sized polyplexes bearing ~50 nm size and slightly negative charge. In addition, APA:siRNA polyplexes were shown to be potent gene regulators in vitro. In light of these preferred physico-chemical characteristics, their performance as systemically-administered siRNA nanocarriers was investigated. Intravenously-injected APA:siRNA polyplexes accumulated selectively in tumors and did not accumulate in the lungs, heart, liver or spleen. Nevertheless, the polyplexes failed to induce specific mRNA degradation, hence neither reduction in tumor volume nor prolonged mice survival was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Krivitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Polyak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Eliyahu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Carlos MI, Schätzlein A, Uchegbu I. Polymer Based Gene Silencing: In Vitro Delivery of SiRNA. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1445:149-57. [PMID: 27436317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3718-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Gene silencing may be achieved by harnessing the RNA interference mechanism to effect down-regulation of protein expression. The therapeutic use of siRNA is dependent on its delivery to the intracellular space. This chapter describes the delivery of siRNA by N-(2-ethylamino)-6-O-glycolchitosan (EAGC). EAGC is a chitosan-based polymer, which binds to siRNA to form nanoparticles (NPs). The steps necessary to determine the delivery capacity of a polymer are presented in this chapter using EAGC as an example. The steps include: the transfection of cells with EAGC-siRNA polyplexes and protein detection by a Western Blotting assay.
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Raik SV, Poshina DN, Lyalina TA, Polyakov DS, Vasilyev VB, Kritchenkov AS, Skorik YA. N-[4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)benzyl]chitosan chloride: Synthesis, interaction with DNA and evaluation of transfection efficiency. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:693-700. [PMID: 29254024 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
А novel cationic chitosan derivative, N-[4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)benzyl]chitosan chloride (TMAB-CS), with different degrees of substitution (DS) was synthesized by a chemoselective interaction of 4-formyl-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium iodide with chitosan amino groups using a reductive amination method. Several factors (pH, reactant ratio, reaction time, and chitosan structure) were studied for their effects on the DS of the resulting TMAB-CS. The obtained derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Turbidimetric titration showed enhanced solubility over a wide pH range even for low-substituted TMAB-CS. TMAB-CS provided strong DS-dependent binding of plasmid DNA. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed the formation of stable polyplexes with hydrodynamic diameters of 200-300nm and ζ-potential of 20-30mV. TMAB-CS with relatively low DS (25%) demonstrated more pronounced transfection efficiency (up to 2000 cell/cm2) of plasmid DNA into the HEK293 cell line promoted by free TMAB-CS. The positive effects of lower DS can be related to a better polyplex dissociation within the cell. The cytotoxicity of TMAB-CS was comparable to that of the initial chitosan at concentrations up to 300ng/μL, even at high DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Raik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation; Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Daria N Poshina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Lyalina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskii pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Polyakov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, ul. Akademika Pavlova 12, St. Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim B Vasilyev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation; Institute of Experimental Medicine, ul. Akademika Pavlova 12, St. Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Andreii S Kritchenkov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation
| | - Yury A Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation; Almazov National Medical Research Centre, ul. Akkuratova 2, St. Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation.
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Liao WH, Hsiao MY, Lo CW, Yang HS, Sun MK, Lin FH, Chang Y, Chen WS. Intracellular triggered release of DNA-quaternary ammonium polyplex by ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 36:70-77. [PMID: 28069241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2-Methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TMA) is a potent polymeric plasma DNA (pDNA) carrier. The present study shows that TMA/pDNA polyplexes could be internalized into cells efficiently, but could not mediate gene transfection on its own. The transfection process of TMA/pDNA polyplexes is turned on only when ultrasound (US) was applied 4-8h after incubating TMA/pDNA polyplexes with target cells (with a gene expression 1000 times that of the immediate US group). US is a widely used physical method for gene delivery; its transfection efficiency can be significantly enhanced when combined with cationic polymer vectors. Traditionally, US is given simultaneously with genetic materials, carriers and microbubbles to exert maximal efficacy. The unique on-off phenomenon of TMA/pDNA polyplexes, controlled by US exposure, was found to relate to the endosomal escape effect of US since the polyplexes colocalized well with the lysosome marker if no US was given or was given at inappropriate times. The proposed delivery system using US and TMA carriers has potential in many pharmaceutical applications requiring precise temporal and spatial release control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsiao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Shan Yang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chong-Li, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuan Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chong-Li, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Salamanca CH, Castillo DF, Villada JD, Rivera GR. Physicochemical characterization of in situ drug-polymer nanocomplex formed between zwitterionic drug and ionomeric material in aqueous solution. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 72:405-414. [PMID: 28024603 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible polymeric materials with the potential to form functional structures, in association with different therapeutic molecules, in physiological media, represent a great potential for biological and pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, here the formation of a nano-complex between a synthetic cationic polymer and model drug (ampicillin trihydrate) was studied. The formed complex was characterized by size and zeta potential measurements, using dynamic light scattering and capillary electrophoresis. Moreover, the chemical and thermodynamically stability of these complexes were studied. The ionomeric material, here referred as EuCl, was obtained by equimolar reaction between Eudragit E and HCl. The structural characterization was carried out by potentiometric titration, FTIR spectroscopy, and DSC. The effect of pH, time, polymer concentration and ampicillin/polymer molar ratio over the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were established. The results show that EuCl ionomer in aqueous media presents two different populations of nanoparticles; one of this tends to form flocculated aggregates in high pH and concentrations, by acquiring different conformations in solution by changing from a compact to an extended conformation. Moreover, the formation of an in situ interfacial polymer-drug complex was demonstrated, this could slightly reduce the hydrolytic degradation of the drug while affecting its solubility, mainly under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constain H Salamanca
- Pharmaceutical physical chemistry laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, ICESI University, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Duvan F Castillo
- Pharmaceutical physical chemistry laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, ICESI University, Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan D Villada
- Pharmaceutical physical chemistry laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, ICESI University, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gustavo R Rivera
- SIT Biotech GmbH, BMZ 2 Otto-Hahn-Str. 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Wang W, Johnson ES, Nylander T, Ellingson P, Schubert B, Piculell L. Selective co-deposition of anionic silica particles at hydrophobic surfaces from formulations of oppositely charged polymers and surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 467:213-9. [PMID: 26802279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface-selective surface deposition of anionic hydrophilic silica particles from aqueous polymer-surfactant formulations was investigated by in-situ null-ellipsometry. The formulations, with or without silica particles, contained anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and a cationic polymer, cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (cat-HEC) or a copolymer of acrylamide and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (AAm/MAPTAC). Surface deposition from the formulations onto model surfaces of either anionic hydrophilic, or hydrophobized, silica was induced by controlled dilution of the formulations into the coacervation region, and was monitored with time by ellipsometry. The dilution simulated a rinsing process in a typical application. In all cases a steady-state surface layer remained after extensive dilution. An enhanced deposition from the silica-containing formulations was found on the hydrophobized silica surface, indicating a substantial co-deposition of silica particles. Much less co-deposition, or none at all, was found on hydrophilic silica. The opposite trend, enhanced co-deposition on hydrophilic silica, was previously found in similar experiments with hydrophobic silicone oil droplets as co-deposants (Clauzel et al., 2011). The amphiphilic cationic polymers evidently favor a "mismatched" co-deposition of anionic particles to hydrophobic surfaces, or vice versa. The findings suggest a strategy for surface-specific delivery of particles to surfaces.
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Zhang D, Yang J, Ye J, Xu L, Xu H, Zhan S, Xia B, Wang L. Colorimetric detection of bisphenol A based on unmodified aptamer and cationic polymer aggregated gold nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2016; 499:51-6. [PMID: 26820097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a colorimetric method was exploited to detect bisphenol A (BPA) based on BPA-specific aptamer and cationic polymer-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The principle of this assay is very classical. The aggregation of AuNPs was induced by the concentration of cationic polymer, which is controlled by specific recognition of aptamer with BPA and the reaction of aptamer and cationic polymer forming "duplex" structure. This method enables colorimetric detection of BPA with selectivity and a detection limit of 1.50 nM. In addition, this colorimetric method was successfully used to determine spiked BPA in tap water and river water samples.
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Imyim A, Sirithaweesit T, Ruangpornvisuti V. Arsenite and arsenate removal from wastewater using cationic polymer-modified waste tyre rubber. J Environ Manage 2016; 166:574-578. [PMID: 26607568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste tyre rubber (WTR) granulate was modified with a cationic polymer, poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (p(APTMACl)). The resulting WTR/p(APTMACl) was utilized for the adsorption of arsenite, As(III) and arsenate, As(V) from aqueous medium in both batch and column methods. The level of adsorption increased gradually with increasing monomer concentration and contact time. The adsorption behavior obeyed the Freundlich model, and the rate of adsorption could be predicted by employing the pseudo-second order model. In the column method, As(V) could be adsorbed onto the sorbent more effectively than As(III). Remarkable desorption of As(III) and As(V) (99 and 92%, respectively) from the adsorbent was achieved using 0.10 M HCl as eluent. An approach of evaluation of adsorption capacity uncertainty is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Imyim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thitayati Sirithaweesit
- Program of Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Dunér G, Kim M, Tilton RD, Garoff S, Przybycien TM. Effect of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexation on Marangoni transport at a liquid-liquid interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 467:105-114. [PMID: 26775240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of surfactants and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes is expected to alter Marangoni transport at a fluid interface compared to either single component system due to altered interfacial tension isotherms and mass transfer rates as well as adsorption irreversibility effects. We investigate Marangoni transport at the oil/water interface by passing mixtures of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic polyelectrolyte poly(3-(2-methylpropionamide)propyl) trimethylammonium chloride-acrylamide (poly[AM-MAPTAC]), or rinsing solutions, over an oil/water interface in a radial, stagnation point flow. The displacements of adsorbed tracer particles are recorded through optical microscopy. The net displacement, defined as the sum of the displacements occurring during the adsorption and desorption stages of one application and rinsing cycle, is up to 10 times greater for complexing surfactant/polymer mixtures compared to either single component system. The enhanced net displacement is largely determined by the enhanced transport upon adsorption, while the reverse displacement that would normally occur upon rinsing is partially suppressed by partially irreversible polymer adsorption at the oil/water interface. In addition to effects of complexation on interfacial tension gradient induced flow, complexation effects on the bulk, and possibly interfacial, viscosity also influence the interfacial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dunér
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Michelle Kim
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Robert D Tilton
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Stephen Garoff
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Todd M Przybycien
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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Jalali S, Shayegan J, Rezasoltani S. Rapid start-up and improvement of granulation in SBR. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015; 13:36. [PMID: 25964854 PMCID: PMC4426651 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to accelerate and improve aerobic granulation within a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) by cationic polymer addition. METHODS To identify whether the polymer additive is capable of enhancing granule formation, two SBRs (R1 and R2, each 0.15 m in diameter and 2 m in height) are used by feeding synthetic wastewater. The cationic polymer with concentration of 30 to 2 ppm is added to R2, while no cationic polymer is added to R1. RESULTS Results show that the cationic polymer addition causes faster granule formation and consequently shorter reactor start-up period. The polymer-amended reactor contains higher concentration of biomass with better settling ability (23% reduction in SVI15) and larger and denser granules (112% increase of granular diameter). In addition, the results demonstrate that the cationic polymer improve the sludge granulation process by 31% increase in Extracellular Polymer Substance(EPS) concentration, 7% increase in Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate(SOUR), 18% increase in hydrophobicity, and 17% reduction in effluent Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid(MLSS) concentration. CONCLUSIONS Concludingly, it is found that using the cationic polymer to an aerobic granular system has the potential to enhance the sludge granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Jalali
- Department of Chemical and of Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Shayegan
- Department of Chemical and of Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rezasoltani
- Department of Chemical and of Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Yim H, Park W, Kim D, Fahmy TM, Na K. A self-assembled polymeric micellar immunomodulator for cancer treatment based on cationic amphiphilic polymers. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9912-9919. [PMID: 25239044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a self-assembled polymeric micellar immunomodulator (SPI) for enhanced cancer treatment based on cationic amphiphilic polymers. To obtain the cationic amphiphilic polymer, the hydrophobic all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was conjugated with a hydrophilic low-molecular-weight PEI (LowPEI, Mn = 1.8 kDa). The ATRA-LowPEI conjugates could self-assemble in aqueous media, forming micelles with a strong positive charge (∼+40 mV) and particle sizes of ~70 nm. Compared to conventional therapeutic agents (e.g., cisplatin), the SPI exhibited enhanced anti-cancer activity regardless of drug resistance. After mechanistic in vitro cell death studies, we revealed that the mechanical disruptive force generated by the cationic charge of SPI primarily induced necrotic cell death. Furthermore, the organelle fragments induced by the necrotic cell death triggered antitumoral immune responses. Therefore, SPI induced synergistic effects of the cationic charge-induced necrosis and antitumoral immune responses could produce an effective cancer treatment. In addition, the SPI was shielded by hyaluronic acid (HA/SPI complex) to enhance its tumor selectivity in vivo. Finally, the HA/SPI complex accumulated selectively into tumor sites after systemic administration into tumor-bearing mice, exhibiting effective antitumoral effects without systemic toxicity. Therefore, this technology holds great potential for translation into a clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeona Yim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 420-743, Republic of Korea.
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Chivangkul T, Pengprecha S, Padungros P, Siraleartmukul K, Prasongsuk S, Muangsin N. Enhanced water-solubility and mucoadhesion of N,N,N-trimethyl-N-gluconate-N-homocysteine thiolactone chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 108:224-31. [PMID: 24751268 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble chitosan with improved mucoadhesion was prepared by modifying 19.4% of the amine groups of chitosan to trimethylammonium and conjugation of gluconolactone (GLU) and homocysteine thiolactone (HT) onto the remaining amine groups of the chitosan backbone. The derived trimethyl-gluconate-HT-chitosan (TM-GN-HT-chitosan) was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, NMR and thermogravimetric analysis. The total thiol and disulfide group level on the TM-GN-HT-chitosan were 17.96 ± 0.03 and 7.36 ± 0.03 μmol/g, respectively. The water solubility of the TM-GN-HT-chitosan conjugate was 79.0 ± 0.15%, more than that of TM-chitosan and chitosan, with an enhanced solubility over a broad pH range ranging from 85.6 ± 10.4% to 58.5±1.1% maximal solubility at pH 2 to 11. Finally, TM-GN-HT-chitosan showed a nearly ∼9.5-, 5.0- and 5.6-fold higher mucoadhesiveness than chitosan at pH 1.2, 4.0 and 6.4, respectively, and was optimal at pH 4.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawroong Chivangkul
- Program of Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pengprecha
- Biomaterials and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panuwat Padungros
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Krisana Siraleartmukul
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Biomaterials and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Hung WC, Feng GH, Cherng JY. Fabrication of piezoelectric components for a tunable and efficient device for DNA delivery into mammalian cells. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:819-825. [PMID: 24071563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated three piezoelectric components (PZT) that can produce ultrasonic waves with various generated power in order to improve the delivery of DNA molecule and polymer/DNA complexes into cells. Two cationic polymers (PEI and PDMAEMA) were interacted with DNA to form nano-scaled DNA/polymer complexes with/without the help of PZT devices. The application of PZT devices under optimal conditions helped to avoid cytotoxicity and greatly increased the transfection (DNA delivery) efficiency of these complexes in mammalian cells. The cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were found to be correlated with the PZT-generated power, waveforms and duration of ultrasonic treatment. There was no observable cytotoxicity in our experimental models and, a maximum transfection efficiency 700% greater than that of polymer/DNA complexes without applying ultrasound was achieved. The transfection efficiency of plain polymer/DNA complexes (without PZT treatment) corresponded to a 630-fold increase in comparison to the naked DNA. The waveforms of generated ultrasound greatly influenced the transfection efficiency, while cytotoxicity was not significantly affected. This means that, for optimal DNA delivery, duration of the peak voltage (Vmax/Div) also plays a role. In addition, the generated waves from PZT do not cause dissociation of polymer/DNA complexes or a change in the particle sizes of these complexes. In conclusion, these results suggest that the operation of PZT devices can be a tunable/safe way to greatly improve DNA delivery for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Hung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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