Can acceptable quality angel food cakes be made using pasteurized shell eggs? The effects of mixing factors on functional properties of angel food cakes

The Effect of Erythritol on the Physicochemical Properties of Reformulated, High-Protein, and Sugar-Free Macarons Produced from Whey Protein Isolate Intended for Diabetics, Athletes, and Physically Active People

This study reports the possibility of obtaining sugar-free WPI-based macarons with erythritol addition. The whey protein isolate (WPI) solution (20%, w/v) was whipped, and erythritol was added to the foam at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 g, with 125 g of almond flour. The rheological properties (τ, G', G″, and tan (δ)) and stability of the macaron batters before baking were evaluated. In order to produce the macarons, the batters were solidified at 147 °C for 12 min. The textural and surface properties (roughness and color), as well as the microstructures and water activities, were determined for the macarons. It was feasible to produce macarons over the entire range of the tested erythritol content. Even the smallest amount of erythritol (20 g) facilitated the preservation of the macaron structure. The medium erythritol concentration (40 g) improved the stability of the batters and their rheology and was the most effective for air pocket stabilization during baking; however, its largest addition (60 g) resulted in an increase in the final macaron volume. The increased erythritol addition improved mechanical properties and shelf life, producing a smoothing effect on the macaron surfaces and having a significant effect on their color co-ordinates.

Effect of Lipase and Phospholipase A1 on Foaming and Batter Properties of Yolk Contaminated Egg White

Egg white (EW) is frequently used in bakery products because of its excellent foaming capabilities. However, egg yolk (EY) contamination often degrades the foaming characteristics of EW. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of phospholipase A1 (PLPA1) and lipase (LP) on EW. The changes in particle size distribution and potential before and after enzymatic digestion of EW with contaminated 0.5 wt% and 1.0%wt EY were tested. The foaming rate and foam stability were measured after the dispersions were digested with different concentrations of PLPA1 and LP. Additionally, the dispersion samples were used to prepare batter and angel cake, and the modulus, density, and microstructure of the batter were analyzed. Results showed that the potential absolute value increased when the EY was hydrolyzed by PLPA1. The distribution of yolk particle size showed a new aggregation and the average particle size decreased after LP hydrolysis. The dispersion samples hydrolyzed by PLPA1 and LP recovered all the properties of the samples at enzymatic concentrations of 500 U/g and 2500 U/g. This may be attributed to the changes in yolk particles resulting from the enzymatic digestion of EY and the production of amphiphilic lysophospholipids, fatty acids, and glycerol.

Production of Margarines Rich in Unsaturated Fatty Acids Using Oxidative-stable Vitamin C-Loaded Oleogel

Vitamin C (VC)-loaded oleogel (VCOG) with corn oil and monoglyceride stearate was used to replace lipid phase of margarine completely. The oxidative stability of VCOG was evaluated at 60±1°C in a lightproof oven for 18 days and the result showed that VCOG peroxide (> 6 days) and p-anisidine value (> 4 days) was significantly lower than that of bulk oil and VC-free oleogel (p < 0.05). Then, the margarine containing 79.70% VCOG (VCOGM) was in comparison with four commercial butter in sensory and physical characteristic. Results showed that firmness, solid fat content and trans fatty acid of VCOGM were in the lowest values while unsaturated fatty acid and adhesiveness of VCOGM was in the highest values. Furthermore, VCOGM presented the similar springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, score appearance, texture, taste and overall impression to some/all commercial butters selected in this research (p > 0.05). These results implied that VC-loaded oleogel was an excellent alternative of lipid phase in margarine which confirmed by 55% "definitely buy" and 25% "try once-then decide".

Effect of Sucrose on Physicochemical Properties of High-Protein Meringues Obtained from Whey Protein Isolate

This study reports the possibility of obtaining the WPI-based meringues with the small sucrose content (0–15%). The whey protein isolate (WPI) solution (20%, w/v) was whipped and sucrose was added to foam at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 15%. The surface tension, viscosity, zeta potential of the pre-foam solutions, foam overrun, foam stability and their rheological properties (G′, G″ and tan (δ)) were evaluated. To produce meringues, liquid foams were solidified at 130 °C for 2 h. The surface properties (roughness, contact angles, apparent free surface energy) as well as microstructural ones were determined for the solid foams (meringues). The 15% sugar concentration was detrimental for overrun, stability and rheological properties of liquid foams. The meringue production without sugar was infeasible. The addition of the smallest amount of sucrose (5%) enabled preservation of the aerated structure of the liquid foam during solidification. The 10% sugar concentration increased the stability of liquid foam, its rheology and it was the most effective for air bubbles stabilization during the foam solidification, however, its largest addition (15%) resulted in an increase in the final meringue volume. Larger sucrose concentrations produced a smoothing effect on the meringue surfaces.