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Asif M, Hussain A, Wali A, Ahmad N, Sajjad N, Amir M, Ali I, Pushparaj PN, Rasool M. A rare case of three-way complex variant translocation in chronic myeloid leukemia t(6;9;22)(p21;q34;q11): A case report. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:377-379. [PMID: 29085635 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia (Ph)-positive chromosome or Ph translocation has been recognized in 90-95 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases worldwide. However, only 5-8% CML patients show complex variant translocations. In the present study, hematological tests for a 47-year-old female CML patient were performed to determine the hemoglobin, platelets and total leukocyte values. A FISH test was carried out to recognize the BCR/ABL gene fusion, and a cytogenetic analysis was performed. The hematological results showed an increase in WBC (414000/mm3) and a decrease in hemoglobin (8.9 mg/dl), indicating the anemic condition in the CML patient. Furthermore, cytogenetic karyotyping results showed 46,XX,t(6;9;22)(p21;q34;q11) and positive for Ph chromosome. In conclusion, in the present study, we report a rare three-way complex variant translocation in a CML patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta 87500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ali
- Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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2
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Babu R, Van Dyke DL, Dev VG, Koduru P, Rao N, Mitter NS, Liu M, Fuentes E, Fuentes S, Papa S. Interphase Chromosome Profiling: A Method for Conventional Banded Chromosome Analysis Using Interphase Nuclei. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 142:213-228. [PMID: 28981371 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0621-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Chromosome analysis on bone marrow or peripheral blood samples fails in a small proportion of attempts. A method that is more reliable, with similar or better resolution, would be a welcome addition to the armamentarium of the cytogenetics laboratory. OBJECTIVE - To develop a method similar to banded metaphase chromosome analysis that relies only on interphase nuclei. DESIGN - To label multiple targets in an equidistant fashion along the entire length of each chromosome, including landmark subtelomere and centromere regions. Each label so generated by using cloned bacterial artificial chromosome probes is molecularly distinct with unique spectral characteristics, so the number and position of the labels can be tracked to identify chromosome abnormalities. RESULTS - Interphase chromosome profiling (ICP) demonstrated results similar to conventional chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization in 55 previously studied cases and obtained useful ICP chromosome analysis results on another 29 cases in which conventional methods failed. CONCLUSIONS - ICP is a new and powerful method to karyotype peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate preparations without reliance on metaphase chromosome preparations. It will be of particular value for cases with a failed conventional analysis or when a fast turnaround time is required.
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Yamamoto M, Suzuki S, Mukae JI, Tanaka K, Watanabe K, Oshikawa G, Fukuda T, Murakami N, Miura O. Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia with isochromosome (X)(p10): A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3717-3721. [PMID: 28927137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is a rare subtype of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN). Although recurrent chromosomal and genetic abnormalities are frequently observed in aCML, none are specific to this type of leukemia. The present study reported a case of aCML associated with i(X)(p10), a rare recurrent chromosomal abnormality of hematological malignancy. A 40-year-old female was referred to the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) due to slight leukocytosis and anemia. A bone marrow aspiration revealed 4% blasts and granulocytic hyperplasia with dysplasia. A G-banded cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow cells revealed 46, X, isochromosome X(iX)(p10) in all metaphases. The percentage of the neutrophil precursors promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes in the peripheral blood was >10% throughout the clinical course of the patient, which resulted in a diagnosis of atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. Treatment with hydroxycarbamide was not able to effectively alleviate leukocytosis, and the disease progressed with the appearance of an additional cytogenetic abnormality, t(10;17)(p13;q21). Subsequently, the patient underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a sibling donor, and subsequent cytogenetic analysis revealed a normal karyotype with full donor chimerism. The isodicentric X(idicX)(q13) mutation is a similar abnormality to i(X)(p10) and may result in a loss of the X-inactive specific transcript gene located at Xq13.2, the deletion of which has been previously reported to result in the development of MDS/MPN in mice. In addition, i(X)(p10) was identified as the sole chromosomal abnormality at the diagnosis of aCML in the case of the present study, which is similar to patients from previous studies of other hematological malignancies and supports the hypothesis that i(X)(p10) may have served a primary role in the leukemogenesis of aCML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sayaka Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Mukae
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Gaku Oshikawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuda
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Naomi Murakami
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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4
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Luan Z, Lu T, Ruan Y, Yue W, Zhang D. The Human MSI2 Gene is Associated with Schizophrenia in the Chinese Han Population. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:239-45. [PMID: 27059221 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that altered neurogenesis may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, so genes impacting on neurogenesis could be potential candidates for schizophrenia. A member of the Musashi family, the human MSI2 gene plays a substantial role in stem-cell maintenance, asymmetric division, and differentiation during neurogenesis. Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) implied an association of MSI2 with schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population. To further explore this association, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs9892791, rs11657292, and rs1822381, were selected for a replication study involving 921 schizophrenia cases and 1244 controls. After rigorous Bonferroni correction, two of the SNPs (rs9892791 and rs11657292) displayed significant differences in allele and genotype distribution frequencies between the case and control groups. When our GWAS and replication samples were combined, the three MSI2 SNPs were all strongly associated with schizophrenia (rs9892791: allelic P = 1.07E-5; rs11657292: allelic P = 1.95E-12; rs1822381: allelic P = 1.44E-4). These results indicate that the human MSI2 gene might be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and encourage future research on the functional relationship between this gene and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Ruan
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
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5
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Zámečníkova A. Acquisition of mixed lineage leukemia rearrangement in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient while on imatinib. Hematol Rep 2012; 3:e13. [PMID: 22184534 PMCID: PMC3238483 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2011.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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6
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Gray SL, de Chadarévian JP, Anderson CE, Shafer FE, Punnett HH, Morrissette JJD. Improvement of pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia with decreasing mosaicism for isochromosome Xp. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 52:650-2. [PMID: 19145639 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the unique association of variable constitutional mosaicism 46,X, i(X)(p10)/46,XX with recurrent thrombocytopenia in a child with failure to thrive and apnea in infancy. Her bone marrow had equal distribution of the normal and abnormal cell lines at diagnosis, at nearly 6 years of age. Improvement of her pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia was concurrent with a decreasing level of mosaicism observed in multiple studies over the next 3 years. This suggests that extra copies of genes on the p-arm are inhibitory to blood cell maturation, with long-term selection against the i(Xp)-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lauren Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children and Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134, USA
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7
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Adeyinka A, Smoley S, Fink S, Sanchez J, Van Dyke DL, Dewald G. Isochromosome (X)(p10) in hematologic disorders: FISH study of 14 new cases show three types of centromere signal patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 179:25-30. [PMID: 17981211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Though X chromosome anomalies are uncommon in hematologic malignancies, isodicentric X chromosomes, idic(X)(q13), with break and fusion points at Xq13 are well known among older females with de novo myelodysplasia. In contrast, only 17 patients with X isochromosomes involving break and fusion points at the centromere i(X)(p10) have been published, to our knowledge. We present 14 new patients with i(X)(p10) identified by G-banding and further characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for the X p-arm, X alpha-satellite DNA (DXZ1), and the XIST gene (Xq13). These anomalies each had an X p-arm probe signal on either side of a single centromeric FISH signal, thus they are monocentric isochromosomes. On the basis of FISH, the following three centromeric patterns were identified: (1) centromere signal same size as normal X, (2) centromere signal larger than normal X, and (3) centromere signal smaller than normal X. These centromere patterns may be related to the mechanism of i(X)(p10) formation. In 9 (64%) of 14 patients, the i(X)(p10) was the sole anomaly, attesting to its pathogenic potential. Our series, when collated with information on previously reported cases of i(X)(p10), show that this anomaly is associated with females with a median age 74 years, though patients from 3.75 to 49 years, including a 17-year-old in the present cohort, have been described. i(X)(p10) is observed in a wide range of hematologic malignancies, including myeloid and lymphoid disorders, as well as a patient with therapy-related AML in the present series. i(X)(p10) has been reported in occasional males, indicating that this anomaly can arise from active X chromosomes. It is not known whether i(X)(p10) arises randomly from the active or inactive X chromosome in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Adeyinka
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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8
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Brazma D, Grace C, Howard J, Melo JV, Holyoke T, Apperley JF, Nacheva EP. Genomic profile of chronic myelogenous leukemia: Imbalances associated with disease progression. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:1039-50. [PMID: 17696194 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the chimeric BCR/ABL1 fusion gene resulting from t(9;22)(q34;q11) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is necessary for malignant transformation, but not sufficient to maintain disease progression. The appearance of various chromosomal and molecular alterations in the accelerated and terminal phase of CML is well documented, but evidence for causal relationship is largely lacking. We carried out a genome wide screening at a resolution of 1 Mb of 54 samples at different stages of CML together with 12 CML cell lines and found that disease progression is accompanied by a spectrum of recurrent genome imbalances. Among the most frequent are losses at 1p36, 5q21, 9p21, and 9q34 and gains at 1q, 8q24, 9q34, 16p, and 22q11, all of which were located with higher precision within the genome than previously possible. These genome imbalances are unique to CML cases with clinically manifested or suspected accelerated/blast stage alike, but not seen in chronic phase samples. Previously unrecognized cryptic imbalances occurring within the Ph-chromosome were also detected, although further scrutiny is required to pin-point gene involvement and seek association with disease features. Importantly, some of these imbalances were seen in the CD34(+) cells but not in the whole BM samples of patients in accelerated phase. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of screening CD34(+) cells for genome wide imbalances associated with disease progression. Finally, the numerous single copy number variations recorded, many unique to this cohort of patients, raise the possible association of genome polymorphism and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brazma
- Royal Free and UCL Medical School, Academic Haematology, Molecular Cytogenetics, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, and Hammersmith Hospital, London NW3 2PF, UK
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9
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Nacheva E. I13 Recent advances in molecular cytogenetics of CML. Blood Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-960x(07)70014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Raap AK, Tanke HJ. COmbined Binary RAtio fluorescence in situ hybridiziation (COBRA-FISH): development and applications. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:222-6. [PMID: 16954657 DOI: 10.1159/000094204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to probe for the location of DNA sequences in morphologically preserved chromosomes and nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provided for cytogenetics a quantum leap forward in resolution and ease of detection of chromosomal aberrations. COBRA-FISH, an acronym for COmbined Binary RAtio-FISH is a multicolor FISH methodology, which enables recognition of all human chromosome arms on the basis of color, thus greatly facilitating cytogenetic analysis. It also permits gene and viral integration site mapping in the context of chromosome arm painting. Here we review the principle, practice and applications of COBRA-FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Raap
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Babicka L, Zemanova Z, Pavlistova L, Brezinova J, Ransdorfova S, Houskova L, Moravcova J, Klamova H, Michalova K. Complex chromosomal rearrangements in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 168:22-9. [PMID: 16772117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) from the chronic to the accelerated phase and/or blast crisis, clonal evolution with nonrandom secondary aberrations such as +8, +Ph, i(17q), +19, -Y, +21, +17, and -7 is frequently observed. Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) are rather rare, and the significance and frequency of different anomalies are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the chromosomes and chromosomal regions which are involved in CCR during progression of the disease and the frequency of nonrandom changes. Conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multicolor FISH (mFISH) were used to study karyotypes of 18 CML patients with CCR ascertained by G-banding. Most often involved in CCR were chromosomes 2 (x6); 3, 7, and 17 (x5); 1 and 4 (x4); and 5, 6, 11, and 12 (x3); regions 1q, 2q, 5q, 7p, and 17p; and breakpoints 17p11.2 (x3) and 7p15 (x2). There were no recurrent complex translocations. The present findings demonstrate the very high instability of the genome of malignant cells at the chromosomal level. Precise determination of breakpoints involved in CCR can give new dimension to the understanding of genetic mechanisms which play role in progression of malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libuse Babicka
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General Faculty Hospital and 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Davidsson J, Paulsson K, Johansson B. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization characterization of cytogenetically polyclonal hematologic malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 163:180-3. [PMID: 16337865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several different investigations and methodologies have provided data supporting a monoclonal origin of neoplasia. For example, the vast majority of neoplastic disorders are cytogenetically monoclonal. Occasionally, however, clones with unrelated karyotypic anomalies are found, as, for example, in approximately 2% of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMD). Whether such a cytogenetic polyclonality represents a polyclonal origin or whether different clones share a submicroscopic primary change, indicating a monoclonal origin, remains to be elucidated. Our objective was to ascertain if cryptic aberrations can be found in cytogenetically polyclonal hematologic malignancies using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH). Fourteen AML, MDS, and CMD cases were investigated. In none of these was a cryptic aberration found, common to all subclones, although the karyotypes were revised in two AMLs and one MDS. Thus, all malignancies were still classified as polyclonal after the M-FISH analyses. Based on the present results, we conclude that M-FISH, in general, does not reveal primary cryptic aberrations supporting a monoclonal origin of cytogenetically polyclonal hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Davidsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, SE - 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Sheth FJ, Sheth JJ, Desai C. Case of near triploidy with i(17)(q10) in blast crisis CML. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 164:177-8. [PMID: 16434327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Humans
- Isochromosomes
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Polyploidy
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Wang Y, Hopwood VL, Hu P, Lennon A, Osterberger J, Glassman A. Determination of secondary chromosomal aberrations of chronic myelocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 153:53-6. [PMID: 15325094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloctyic leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disorder characterized by the cytogenetic abnormality of t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), which progresses from a chronic phase to an accelerated phase (AP), and/or a blast phase (BP) of myelocytic or lymphoid phenotype. This progression is frequently preceded or accompanied by recurring secondary chromosomal abnormalities (SCA) that are believed to play a role in the transformation and may also serve as valuable prognostic indicators. Failure to note such abnormalities may lead to an inappropriate clinical evaluation. We observed CML patients with AP or BP who did not show SCA by routine cytogenetic analysis. To determine the presence or absence of specific SCA in those cases, we applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to four CML cases with pseudodiploid cytogenetics [t(9;22)(q34;11.2) as the sole abnormality] by conventional karyotyping. Bone marrow biopsies from two AP and two BP of CML patients with pseudodiploid karyotypes by conventional cytogenetics were examined by FISH for trisomy 8 and i(17q). These SCA are major secondary chromosomal changes seen in BP of CML patients. Results were considered positive if more than 2.4% of cells had +8 and >6.25% for i(17q) by FISH. Four out of four patients were positive for +8. These results indicate that FISH techniques are valuable in the determination of SCA in CML, which were t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) positive as the sole cytogenetic abnormality with standard G-banding karyotyping and can be helpful for the early diagnosis of CML progression.
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MESH Headings
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/pathology
- Male
- Prognosis
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Cytogenetic Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 350, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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15
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Brizard F, Cividin M, Villalva C, Guilhot F, Brizard A. Comparison of M-FISH and conventional cytogenetic analysis in accelerated and acute phases of CML. Leuk Res 2004; 28:345-8. [PMID: 15109532 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2003] [Accepted: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
FISH and multicolor FISH (M-FISH) techniques have greatly enhanced the resolution of conventional cytogenetic analysis, thus enabling the identification of novel regions of rearrangement in hematological malignancies. We report on the analysis of cells from 24 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients, in either accelerated phase (14 cases) or blast crisis (10 cases) aimed at searching for previously unidentified additional abnormalities related to disease evolution. Indeed, in 6 of 24 cases (25%) M-FISH allowed a more precise description of chromosomal aberrations, the finding of cryptic rearrangements, characterization of markers, identification of additional material and a better interpretation of complex aberrations. However, new recurrent aberration did not emerge from M-FISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Brizard
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie (EA 2224), Poitiers University Hospital, CHU La Milétrie BP 577, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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16
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Barbouti A, Stankiewicz P, Nusbaum C, Cuomo C, Cook A, Höglund M, Johansson B, Hagemeijer A, Park SS, Mitelman F, Lupski JR, Fioretos T. The breakpoint region of the most common isochromosome, i(17q), in human neoplasia is characterized by a complex genomic architecture with large, palindromic, low-copy repeats. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 74:1-10. [PMID: 14666446 PMCID: PMC1181896 DOI: 10.1086/380648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2003] [Accepted: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a great deal of information has accumulated regarding the mechanisms underlying constitutional DNA rearrangements associated with inherited disorders, virtually nothing is known about the molecular processes involved in acquired neoplasia-associated chromosomal rearrangements. Isochromosome 17q, or "i(17q)," is one of the most common structural abnormalities observed in human neoplasms. We previously identified a breakpoint cluster region for i(17q) formation in 17p11.2 and hypothesized that genome architectural features could be responsible for this clustering. To address this hypothesis, we precisely mapped the i(17q) breakpoints in 11 patients with different hematologic malignancies and determined the genomic structure of the involved region. Our results reveal a complex genomic architecture in the i(17q) breakpoint cluster region, characterized by large ( approximately 38-49-kb), palindromic, low-copy repeats, strongly suggesting that somatic rearrangements are not random events but rather reflect susceptibilities due to the genomic structure.
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MESH Headings
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Isochromosomes/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Barbouti
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chad Nusbaum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christina Cuomo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - April Cook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mattias Höglund
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bertil Johansson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Hagemeijer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sung-Sup Park
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felix Mitelman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA; and Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Sillaber C, Mayerhofer M, Agis H, Sagaster V, Mannhalter C, Sperr WR, Geissler K, Valent P. Chronic myeloid leukemia: pathophysiology, diagnostic parameters, and current treatment concepts. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2003; 115:485-504. [PMID: 13677268 DOI: 10.1007/bf03041033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disease characterized by excessive accumulation of clonal myeloid (precursor) cells in hematopoietic tissues. CML cells display the translocation t(9; 22) that creates the bcr/abl oncogene. The respective oncoprotein (= BCR/ABL) exhibits constitutive tyrosine kinase activity and promotes growth and survival in CML cells. Clinically, CML can be divided into three phases: the chronic phase (CP), the accelerated phase (AP), and the blast phase (BP) that resembles acute leukemia. Progression to AP and BP is associated with occurrence of additional genetic defects that cooperate with bcr/abl in leukemogenesis and lead to resistance against antileukemic drugs. The prognosis in CML is variable depending on the phase of disease, age, and response to therapy. The only curative approach available to date is stem cell transplantation. For those who cannot be transplanted, the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 (Glivec, Imatinib), interferon-alpha (with or without ARAC), or other cytoreductive drugs are prescribed. Currently available data show that STI571 is a superior compound compared to other drugs in producing complete cytogenetic and molecular responses. However, despite superior initial data and high expectations for an effect on survival, long term results are not available so far, and resistance against STI571 has been reported. Forthcoming strategies are therefore attempting to prevent or counteract STI571 resistance by co-administration of other antileukemic drugs. Whether these strategies will lead to curative drug therapy in CML in the future remains at present unknown.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Drug Resistance
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Prognosis
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Risk Factors
- Sirolimus/administration & dosage
- Sirolimus/therapeutic use
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sillaber
- Abteilung für Hämatologie und Hämostaseologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, AKH-Wien, Austria.
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18
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Barbouti A, Ahlgren T, Johansson B, Höglund M, Lassen C, Turesson I, Mitelman F, Fioretos T. Clinical and genetic studies of ETV6/ABL1-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis treated with imatinib mesylate. Br J Haematol 2003; 122:85-93. [PMID: 12823349 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients are genetically characterized by the t(9;22)(q34;q11), generating the BCR/ABL1 fusion gene. However, a few CML patients with rearrangements of 9q34 and 12p13, leading to ETV6/ABL1 chimaeras, have also been reported. Here we describe the clinical and genetic response to imatinib mesylate treatment of an ETV6/ABL1-positive CML patient diagnosed in blast crisis (BC). A chronic phase was achieved after acute myeloid leukaemia induction therapy. Then, treatment with imatinib mesylate (600 mg/d) was initiated and the effect was assessed clinically as well as genetically, including by repeated interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. Until d 71 of imatinib mesylate therapy, stable improvements in the clinical and laboratory features were noted, and the frequency of ABL1-rearranged peripheral blood cells decreased from 56% to 11%. At d 92, an additional t(12;13)(p12;q13), with the 12p breakpoint proximal to ETV6, was found. The patient relapsed into BC 126 d after the start of the imatinib mesylate treatment and succumbed to the disease shortly afterwards. No mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of ABL1 of the ETV6/ABL1 fusion were identified in the second BC. However, whereas the ETV6/ABL1 expression was seemingly the same at diagnosis and at second BC, the expression of ETV6 was markedly lower at the second BC. This decreased expression of wild-type ETV6 may have been a contributory factor for the relapse.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fatal Outcome
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Recurrence
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