1
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Chinchole A, Gupta S, Tyagi S. To stay in shape and keep moving: MLL emerges as a new transcriptional regulator of Rho GTPases. Small GTPases 2023; 14:55-62. [PMID: 37671980 PMCID: PMC10484036 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2023.2254437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoA, Rac1 and CDC42 are small G proteins that play a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, such as the formation of actin cytoskeleton, cell shape and cell migration. Our recent results suggest that MLL is responsible for maintaining the balance of these small Rho GTPases. MLL depletion affects the stability of Rho GTPases, leading to a decrease in their protein levels and loss of activity. These changes manifest in the form of abnormal cell shape and disrupted actin cytoskeleton, resulting in reduced cell spreading and migration. Interestingly, their chaperone protein RhoGDI1 but not the Rho GTPases, is under the direct transcriptional regulation of MLL. Here, we comment on the possible implications of these observations on the signalling by Rho GTPases protein network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chinchole
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) Uppal, Hyderabad, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shreyta Gupta
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) Uppal, Hyderabad, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) Uppal, Hyderabad, India
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2
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Allegra A, Sant'Antonio E, Musolino C, Ettari R. New insights into neuropeptides regulation of immune system and hemopoiesis: effects on hematologic malignancies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2412-2437. [PMID: 34521320 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides were reported to join to or to cooperate with different cells of the immune system, bone marrow, and peripheral cells and numerous data support that neuroactive molecules might control immune system activity and hemopoiesis operating on lymphoid organs, and the primary hematopoietic unit, the hematopoietic niche. Furthermore, many compounds seem to be able to take part to the leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis process, and in the onset of multiple myeloma. In this review, we will assess the possibility that neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may have a role in the onset of haematological neoplasms, may affect the response to treatment or may represent a useful starting point for a new therapeutic approach. More in vivo investigations are needed to evaluate neuropeptide's role in haematological malignancies and the possible utilization as an antitumor therapeutic target. Comprehending the effect of the pharmacological administration of neuropeptide modulators on hematologic malignancies opens up new possibilities in curing clonal hematologic diseases to achieve more satisfactory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | | | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina. Italy
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3
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Li B, Li Y, Li K, Zhu L, Yu Q, Cai P, Fang J, Zhang W, Du P, Jiang C, Lin J, Qu K. APEC: an accesson-based method for single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis. Genome Biol 2020; 21:116. [PMID: 32398051 PMCID: PMC7218568 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sequencing technologies has promoted the survey of genome-wide chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution. However, comprehensive analysis of single-cell epigenomic profiles remains a challenge. Here, we introduce an accessibility pattern-based epigenomic clustering (APEC) method, which classifies each cell by groups of accessible regions with synergistic signal patterns termed “accessons”. This python-based package greatly improves the accuracy of unsupervised single-cell clustering for many public datasets. It also predicts gene expression, identifies enriched motifs, discovers super-enhancers, and projects pseudotime trajectories. APEC is available at https://github.com/QuKunLab/APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Young Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Lianbang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Qiaoni Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Jingwen Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,HanGene Biotech, Xiaoshan Innovation Polis, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
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4
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Zheglo D, Brueckner LM, Sepman O, Wecht EM, Kuligina E, Suspitsin E, Imyanitov E, Savelyeva L. The FRA14B
common fragile site maps to a region prone to somatic and germline rearrangements within the large GPHN
gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 58:284-294. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zheglo
- FSBI Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Moscow Russia
| | - Lena M. Brueckner
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olga Sepman
- Klinik fuer Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und minimal-invasive Chirurgie; Pforzheim Germany
| | - Elisa M. Wecht
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Evgenij Suspitsin
- Petrov Institute of Oncology; St Petersburg Russia
- St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University; Sankt-Peterburg Russia
| | - Evgenij Imyanitov
- Petrov Institute of Oncology; St Petersburg Russia
- Mechnikov North-Western Medical University; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Larissa Savelyeva
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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5
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Zuo W, Wang SA, DiNardo C, Yabe M, Li S, Medeiros LJ, Tang G. Acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes with chromosomal rearrangement involving 11q23 locus, but not MLL gene. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:244-249. [PMID: 27496968 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chromosome 11q23 translocations, resulting in MLL (KMT2A) rearrangement, have been well characterised in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, little is known of haematopoietic neoplasms associated with 11q23 translocation but without MLL rearrangement (11q23+/MLL-). The aim of this study is to characterise such cases with 11q23+/MLL-. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively searched our database for cases with haematopoietic malignancies with 11q23+/MLL-. We identified nine patients, two with AML, two with B-lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL); two with T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), two with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and one with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). The translocations included t(X;11)(p11.2;q23), t(2;11)(p21;q23), t(6;11)(q27;q23), t(8;9;11)(q13;q13;q23), t(11;11)(p15;q23), t(11;14)(q23;q24) and t(11;15)(q23;q14). Five of six patients with acute leukaemia had received chemotherapy and detection of 11q23 translocation occurred at time of disease relapse. Both patients with MDS and the patient with CMML had 11q23 translocation detected at time of initial diagnosis, all three patients progressed to AML after >1 year on hypomethylating agent therapy. All patients received risk-adapted therapies, including stem cell transplant in five patients. At the last follow-up, eight patients died with a median overall survival of 14 months. CONCLUSIONS 11q23+/MLL- occurs rarely, involving different partner chromosomes and showing clinical and pathological features and disease subtypes different from those cases with MLL rearrangement. 11q23+/MLL- appears to be associated with clonal evolution/disease progression in acute leukaemia, a high risk for AML progression in MDS/CMML and a high incidence of disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mariko Yabe
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Manola KN. Cytogenetic abnormalities in acute leukaemia of ambiguous lineage: an overview. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:24-39. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi N. Manola
- Laboratory of Health Physics & Enviromental Health; Department of Cytogenetics; National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”; Aghia Paraskevi; Athens; Greece
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7
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Chung SK, Bode A, Cushion TD, Thomas RH, Hunt C, Wood SE, Pickrell WO, Drew CJG, Yamashita S, Shiang R, Leiz S, Longardt AC, Longhardt AC, Raile V, Weschke B, Puri RD, Verma IC, Harvey RJ, Ratnasinghe DD, Parker M, Rittey C, Masri A, Lingappa L, Howell OW, Vanbellinghen JF, Mullins JG, Lynch JW, Rees MI. GLRB is the third major gene of effect in hyperekplexia. Hum Mol Genet 2012. [PMID: 23184146 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycinergic neurotransmission is a major inhibitory influence in the CNS and its disruption triggers a paediatric and adult startle disorder, hyperekplexia. The postsynaptic α(1)-subunit (GLRA1) of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) and the cognate presynaptic glycine transporter (SLC6A5/GlyT2) are well-established genes of effect in hyperekplexia. Nevertheless, 52% of cases (117 from 232) remain gene negative and unexplained. Ligand-gated heteropentameric GlyRs form chloride ion channels that contain the α(1) and β-subunits (GLRB) in a 2α(1):3β configuration and they form the predominant population of GlyRs in the postnatal and adult human brain, brainstem and spinal cord. We screened GLRB through 117 GLRA1- and SLC6A5-negative hyperekplexia patients using a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing approach. The screening identified recessive and dominant GLRB variants in 12 unrelated hyperekplexia probands. This primarily yielded homozygous null mutations, with nonsense (n = 3), small indel (n = 1), a large 95 kb deletion (n = 1), frameshifts (n = 1) and one recurrent splicing variant found in four cases. A further three cases were found with two homozygous and one dominant GLRB missense mutations. We provide strong evidence for the pathogenicity of GLRB mutations using splicing assays, deletion mapping, cell-surface biotinylation, expression studies and molecular modelling. This study describes the definitive assignment of GLRB as the third major gene for hyperekplexia and impacts on the genetic stratification and biological causation of this neonatal/paediatric disorder. Driven principally by consanguineous homozygosity of GLRB mutations, the study reveals long-term additive phenotypic outcomes for affected cases such as severe apnoea attacks, learning difficulties and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Kyung Chung
- Neurology Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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8
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Agrawal M, Gadgil M. Meta analysis of gene expression changes upon treatment of A549 cells with anti-cancer drugs to identify universal responses. Comput Biol Med 2012; 42:1141-9. [PMID: 23063289 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression changes in A549 cells upon treatment with anti-cancer drugs is reported. To reduce false positives, both fold-change and significance level cutoffs were used. Simulated datasets and permutation analysis were used to guide choice of ratio cutoff. Of the genes identified, FDXR is the only gene differentially expressed in six of the seven drug treatments. Though FDXR has been reported to be differentially expressed upon treatment with 5-fluorouracil and its expression correlated to long term disease survival, to our knowledge this is a first study implicating a wide effect of anti-cancer drug treatment on FDXR expression. The other genes identified which are differentially expressed in four out of the seven drug treatments are CDKN1A and PARVB which are upregulated and MYC, HBP1, LDLR, SIM2, ALX1 and GPHN which are downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Agrawal
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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9
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Libura J, Slater DJ, Felix CA, Richardson C. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia–like MLL rearrangements are induced by etoposide in primary human CD34+ cells and remain stable after clonal expansion. Blood 2005; 105:2124-31. [PMID: 15528316 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRearrangements involving the MLL gene on chromosome band 11q23 are a hallmark of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias following treatment with topoisomerase II poisons including etoposide. Therapy-related and de novo genomic translocation breakpoints cluster within a well-characterized 8.3-kb fragment of MLL. Repair of etoposide-stabilized DNA topoisomerase II covalent complexes may initiate MLL rearrangements observed in patients. We used a culture system of primary human hematopoietic CD34+ cells and inverse polymerase chain reaction to characterize the spectrum of stable genomic rearrangements promoted by etoposide exposure originating within an MLL translocation hotspot in therapy-related leukemia. Alterations to the region were observed at a readily detectable frequency in etoposide-treated cells. Illegitimate repair events after minimal repair included MLL tandem duplications and translocations, with minor populations of deletions or insertions. In stably repaired cells that proliferated for 10 to 14 days, the significant majority of illegitimate events were MLL tandem duplications, and several deletions, inversions, insertions, and translocations. Thus, etoposide promotes specific rearrangements of MLL consistent with the full spectrum of oncogenic events identified in leukemic samples. Although etoposide-initiated rearrangements are frequent, only a small subset of translocations occurs in cells that proliferate significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Libura
- Institute of Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Eguchi M, Eguchi-Ishimae M, Greaves M. The small oligomerization domain of gephyrin converts MLL to an oncogene. Blood 2004; 103:3876-82. [PMID: 14751928 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene forms chimeric fusions with a diverse set of partner genes as a consequence of chromosome translocations in leukemia. In several fusion partners, a transcriptional activation domain appears to be essential for conferring leukemogenic capacity on MLL protein. Other fusion partners, however, lack such domains. Here we show that gephyrin (GPHN), a neuronal receptor assembly protein and rare fusion partner of MLL in leukemia, has the capacity as an MLL-GPHN chimera to transform hematopoietic progenitors, despite lack of transcriptional activity. A small 15–amino acid tubulin-binding domain of GPHN is necessary and sufficient for this activity in vitro and in vivo. This domain also confers oligomerization capacity on MLL protein, suggesting that such activity may contribute critically to leukemogenesis. The transduction of MLL-GPHN into hematopoietic progenitor cells caused myeloid and lymphoid lineage leukemias in mice, suggesting that MLL-GPHN can target multipotent progenitor cells. Our results, and other recent data, provide a mechanism for oncogenic conversion of MLL by fusion partners encoding cytoplasmic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Eguchi
- Leukaemia Research Fund Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Abstract
The MLL gene is a major player in leukemia, particularly in infant leukemia and in secondary, therapy-related acute leukemia. The normal MLL gene plays a key role in developmental regulation of gene expression (including HOX genes), and in leukemia this function is subverted by breakage, recombination, and chimeric fusion with one of 40 or more alternative partner genes. In infant leukemias, the chromosome translocations involving MLL arise during fetal hematopoiesis, possibly in a primitive lymphomyeloid stem cell. In general, these leukemias have a very poor prognosis. The malignancy of these leukemias is all the more dramatic considering their very short preclinical natural history or latency. These data raise fundamental issues of how such divergent MLL chimeric genes transform cells, why they so rapidly evolve to a malignant status, and what alternative or novel therapeutic strategies might be considered. We review here progress in tackling these questions.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Age of Onset
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Disease Progression
- Drug Design
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/embryology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Eguchi
- LRF Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology of Leukaemia, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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12
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Ozawa T, Itoyama T, Sadamori N, Yamada Y, Hata T, Tomonaga M, Isobe M. Rapid isolation of viral integration site reveals frequent integration of HTLV-1 into expressed loci. J Hum Genet 2004; 49:154-165. [PMID: 14991527 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-004-0126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/26/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although there is tight association of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), it has remained unresolved whether the HTLV-1 integration into the host genome has any role in the development of this disease. We isolated a total of 58 HTLV-1 integration sites using newly developed, adaptor-ligated PCR from 33 ATLL patients and five ATLL cell lines. We compared our data as well as the previously reported ones with the complete human genomic sequence for the location of its placement, structure, and expression of genes nearby the integration site. The chromosomal target for integration was selected at random, but the integration favorably occurred within the transcription units; more than 59.5% of total integration was observed within the transcriptional unit. All inserted genes by HTLV-1 integration were expressed in normal T cells. Upregulation of genes due to viral integration was found in two out of nine ATLL cases; about 4.4- and 102-fold elevated ankyrin-1 ( ANK-1) and gephyrin ( GPHN) gene expressions were observed, respectively. These data suggest that the preferential integration of HTLV-1 into an expressed locus occasionally causes deregulation of corresponding gene, which may lead to leukemogenesis of a fraction of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Materials and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Materials and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Sadamori
- Department of Nursing, Siebold University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Yamada
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hata
- Department of Hematology, Molecular Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masao Tomonaga
- Department of Hematology, Molecular Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masaharu Isobe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Materials and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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13
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Abeysinghe SS, Chuzhanova N, Krawczak M, Ball EV, Cooper DN. Translocation and gross deletion breakpoints in human inherited disease and cancer I: Nucleotide composition and recombination-associated motifs. Hum Mutat 2003; 22:229-44. [PMID: 12938088 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Translocations and gross deletions are important causes of both cancer and inherited disease. Such gene rearrangements are nonrandomly distributed in the human genome as a consequence of selection for growth advantage and/or the inherent potential of some DNA sequences to be frequently involved in breakage and recombination. Using the Gross Rearrangement Breakpoint Database [GRaBD; www.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/mg/grabd/grabd.html] (containing 397 germ-line and somatic DNA breakpoint junction sequences derived from 219 different rearrangements underlying human inherited disease and cancer), we have analyzed the sequence context of translocation and deletion breakpoints in a search for general characteristics that might have rendered these sequences prone to rearrangement. The oligonucleotide composition of breakpoint junctions and a set of reference sequences, matched for length and genomic location, were compared with respect to their nucleotide composition. Deletion breakpoints were found to be AT-rich whereas by comparison, translocation breakpoints were GC-rich. Alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences were found to be significantly over-represented in the vicinity of deletion breakpoints while polypyrimidine tracts were over-represented at translocation breakpoints. A number of recombination-associated motifs were found to be over-represented at translocation breakpoints (including DNA polymerase pause sites/frameshift hotspots, immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch sites, heptamer/nonamer V(D)J recombination signal sequences, translin binding sites, and the chi element) but, with the exception of the translin-binding site and immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch sites, none of these motifs were over-represented at deletion breakpoints. Alu sequences were found to span both breakpoints in seven cases of gross deletion that may thus be inferred to have arisen by homologous recombination. Our results are therefore consistent with a role for homologous unequal recombination in deletion mutagenesis and a role for nonhomologous recombination in the generation of translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun S Abeysinghe
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Slater DJ, Hilgenfeld E, Rappaport EF, Shah N, Meek RG, Williams WR, Lovett BD, Osheroff N, Autar RS, Ried T, Felix CA. MLL-SEPTIN6 fusion recurs in novel translocation of chromosomes 3, X, and 11 in infant acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and in t(X;11) in infant acute myeloid leukaemia, and MLL genomic breakpoint in complex MLL-SEPTIN6 rearrangement is a DNA topoisomerase II cleavage site. Oncogene 2002; 21:4706-14. [PMID: 12096348 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2002] [Revised: 04/03/2002] [Accepted: 04/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined the MLL translocation in two cases of infant AML with X chromosome disruption. The G-banded karyotype in the first case suggested t(X;3)(q22;p21)ins(X;11)(q22;q13q25). Southern blot analysis showed one MLL rearrangement. Panhandle PCR approaches were used to identify the MLL fusion transcript and MLL genomic breakpoint junction. SEPTIN6 from chromosome band Xq24 was the partner gene of MLL. MLL exon 7 was joined in-frame to SEPTIN6 exon 2 in the fusion transcript. The MLL genomic breakpoint was in intron 7; the SEPTIN6 genomic breakpoint was in intron 1. Spectral karyotyping revealed a complex rearrangement disrupting band 11q23. FISH with a probe for MLL confirmed MLL involvement and showed that the MLL-SEPTIN6 junction was on the der(X). The MLL genomic breakpoint was a functional DNA topoisomerase II cleavage site in an in vitro assay. In the second case, the karyotype revealed t(X;11)(q22;q23). Southern blot analysis showed two MLL rearrangements. cDNA panhandle PCR detected a transcript fusing MLL exon 8 in-frame to SEPTIN6 exon 2. MLL and SEPTIN6 are vulnerable to damage to form recurrent translocations in infant AML. Identification of SEPTIN6 and the SEPTIN family members hCDCrel and MSF as partner genes of MLL suggests a common pathway to leukaemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Breakage/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Septins
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- X Chromosome/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Slater
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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