1
|
Yang J, Yang X, Guo T, Wang L, Zhao Z, Hu Z, Li Y. Can thymosin beta 10 function both as a non-invasive biomarker and chemotherapeutic target in human colorectal cancer? Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102026. [PMID: 38850800 PMCID: PMC11214320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10) overexpression is a general characteristic in human carcinogenesis. It is involved in the malignant process of generating multiple cancers. However, there are only a few reports about TMSB10 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the mechanism of its carcinogenetic effect is still poorly understood. The present study intends to clarify the biological roles and carcinogenic mechanism of TMSB10 in CRC and to explore the possibility whether TMSB10 might be useful as a non-invasive serum tumor biomarker in detecting CRC. Immunohistochemical results showed that TMSB10 protein expression in CRC tissues was generally higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the TMSB10 contents in serum of CRC patients was significantly elevated compared to that of healthy controls. Knockdown-TMSB10 increased apoptosis and induced S-cell cycle arrest, and finally inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome sequencing and western blotting analysis revealed that knockdown-TMSB10 increased phosphorylation of p38 and activated the p38 pathway that blocked cell cycle and promoted apoptosis. Taken together, our study indicated that TMSB10 could serve as a minimally invasive serum tumor marker in detecting CRC. At the same time it demonstrates an effective regulatory capacity of TMSB10 on cell proliferation of CRC, suggesting that TMSB10 and downstream effector molecules regulated by TMSB10 could further be applied as an appealing target in clinical post-surgery chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China; Lvliang Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lvliang, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yaoping Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barrozo ER, Seferovic MD, Hamilton MP, Moorshead DN, Jochum MD, Do T, O'Neil DS, Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Zika virus co-opts microRNA networks to persist in placental niches detected by spatial transcriptomics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:251.e1-251.e17. [PMID: 37598997 PMCID: PMC10840961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus congenital infection evades double-stranded RNA detection and may persist in the placenta for the duration of pregnancy without accompanying overt histopathologic inflammation. Understanding how viruses can persist and replicate in the placenta without causing overt cellular or tissue damage is fundamental to deciphering mechanisms of maternal-fetal vertical transmission. OBJECTIVE Placenta-specific microRNAs are believed to be a tenet of viral resistance at the maternal-fetal interface. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the Zika virus functionally disrupts placental microRNAs, enabling viral persistence and fetal pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN To test this hypothesis, we used orthogonal approaches in human and murine experimental models. In primary human trophoblast cultures (n=5 donor placentae), we performed Argonaute high-throughput sequencing ultraviolet-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation to identify any significant alterations in the functional loading of microRNAs and their targets onto the RNA-induced silencing complex. Trophoblasts from same-donors were split and infected with a contemporary first-passage Zika virus strain HN16 (multiplicity of infection=1 plaque forming unit per cell) or mock infected. To functionally cross-validate microRNA-messenger RNA interactions, we compared our Argonaute high-throughput sequencing ultraviolet-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation results with an independent analysis of published bulk RNA-sequencing data from human placental disk specimens (n=3 subjects; Zika virus positive in first, second, or third trimester, CD45- cells sorted by flow cytometry) and compared it with uninfected controls (n=2 subjects). To investigate the importance of these microRNA and RNA interference networks in Zika virus pathogenesis, we used a gnotobiotic mouse model uniquely susceptible to the Zika virus. We evaluated if small-molecule enhancement of microRNA and RNA interference pathways with enoxacin influenced Zika virus pathogenesis (n=20 dams total yielding 187 fetal specimens). Lastly, placentae (n=14 total) from this mouse model were analyzed with Visium spatial transcriptomics (9743 spatial transcriptomes) to identify potential Zika virus-associated alterations in immune microenvironments. RESULTS We found that Zika virus infection of primary human trophoblast cells led to an unexpected disruption of placental microRNA regulation networks. When compared with uninfected controls, Zika virus-infected placentae had significantly altered SLC12A8, SDK1, and VLDLR RNA-induced silencing complex loading and transcript levels (-22; adjusted P value <.05; Wald-test with false discovery rate correction q<0.05). In silico microRNA target analyses revealed that 26 of 119 transcripts (22%) in the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway were targeted by microRNAs that were found to be dysregulated following Zika virus infection in trophoblasts. In gnotobiotic mice, relative to mock controls, Zika virus-associated fetal pathogenesis included fetal growth restriction (P=.036) and viral persistence in placental tissue (P=.011). Moreover, spatial transcriptomics of murine placentae revealed that Zika virus-specific placental niches were defined by significant up-regulation of complement cascade components and coordinated changes in transforming growth factor-β gene expression. Finally, treatment of Zika virus-infected mice with enoxacin abolished placental Zika virus persistence, rescued the associated fetal growth restriction, and the Zika virus-associated transcriptional changes in placental immune microenvironments were no longer observed. CONCLUSION These results collectively suggest that (1) Zika virus infection and persistence is associated with functionally perturbed microRNA and RNA interference pathways specifically related to immune regulation in placental microenvironments and (2) enhancement of placental microRNA and RNA interference pathways in mice rescued Zika virus-associated pathogenesis, specifically persistence of viral transcripts in placental microenvironments and fetal growth restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico R Barrozo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Maxim D Seferovic
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Hematology & Medical Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - David N Moorshead
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael D Jochum
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Trang Do
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Derek S O'Neil
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa A Suter
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi D, Shui Y, Xu X, He K, Yang F, Gao J. Thymic function affects breast cancer development and metastasis by regulating expression of thymus secretions PTMα and Tβ15b1. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100980. [PMID: 33395746 PMCID: PMC7736969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Our previous research found that thymic dysfunction has a certain relationship with the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In order to explore whether the functional status of thymus is related to the development and metastasis of breast cancer, we use BALB/c wild type mice (BALB wt), BALB/c nude mice (BALB nu), BALB wt mice implanted with 4T1 cells (wt 4T1), BALB nu with 4T1 (nu 4T1), D-galactose treatment wt 4T1 mice (D-Gal), Thymalfasin treatment wt 4T1 mice (Tα1), Cyclophosphamide treatment wt 4T1 mice (CTX), Doxorubicin treatment wt 4T1 mice (Dox) in the research. As a result, nu 4T1, D-Gal and DOX had earlier lung metastases. Gene chip results showed that PTMα and Tβ15b1 were the most up-regulated and down-regulated genes in thymosin-related genes, respectively. Overexpression or silencing of PTMα and Tβ15b1 genes did not affect the proliferation of 4T1 cells. PTMα gene silenced, cell migration and invasion ability enhanced, while PTMα gene overexpression, the cell invasion ability weaken. In vivo, PTMα gene overexpression promotes tumor growth and lung metastasis in the early stage, but has no significant effect in the later stage. Tβ15b1 overexpression also promotes tumor growth in the early stage, but suppresses in the later stage. Tβ15b1 gene silencing inhibits tumor lung metastasis. Thus, our findings demonstrated that thymic function affects breast cancer development and metastasis by regulating expression of thymus secretions PTMα and Tβ15b1. Our study provided new directions for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Shi
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yanmei Shui
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xie Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Fengqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Jianli Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng Y, Wang G, Zhou CF, Zhang HB, Sun H, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Liu R, Zhu YS. LncRNA Profile Study Reveals a Three-LncRNA Signature Associated With the Pathological Complete Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:574. [PMID: 31191314 PMCID: PMC6546925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to develop an effective but concise long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression signature that can predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods lncRNA expression profiling in 1102 BC patients from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets was analyzed using lncRNA-mining approach. The association between lncRNA signature and pathological complete response (pCR) was analyzed using logistic regression model in the training set (GSE25066, n = 488). Validation was performed in independent testing datasets, GSE20194, GSE20271, GSE22093, and GSE23988 (n = 614). Bonferroni method was employed for multiple testing corrections. Cell proliferation assay and Western blot assay were performed to evaluate the cell viability and protein expression level, respectively. Results Three lncRNAs (AK291479, U79293, and BC032585) have been identified to be significantly associated with pCR in the training dataset (Bonferroni p-value < 0.05). Expression signature with these lncRNAs was predictive of pCR in the training (AUC = 0.74) and testing (AUC = 0.72) datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and gene functional annotation suggest that the three lncRNAs were involved in cell cycle process. To confirm the functional significance of the identified lncRNAs, BC032585 was selectively silenced using RNA interference. Knockdown of BC032585 lncRNA significantly promoted cell resistance to multiple anticancer-drugs through upregulating MDR1 expression in breast cancer cells. Conclusion These results suggest that lncRNAs such as BC032585 might be involved in chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer patients, and the three-lncRNA signature identified in the present study may serve as a useful biomarker for the selection of responsive breast cancer patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wong KK, Rostomily R, Wong STC. Prognostic Gene Discovery in Glioblastoma Patients using Deep Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010053. [PMID: 30626092 PMCID: PMC6356839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to discover genes with prognostic potential for glioblastoma (GBM) patients’ survival in a patient group that has gone through standard of care treatments including surgeries and chemotherapies, using tumor gene expression at initial diagnosis before treatment. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM gene expression data are used as inputs to build a deep multilayer perceptron network to predict patient survival risk using partial likelihood as loss function. Genes that are important to the model are identified by the input permutation method. Univariate and multivariate Cox survival models are used to assess the predictive value of deep learned features in addition to clinical, mutation, and methylation factors. The prediction performance of the deep learning method was compared to other machine learning methods including the ridge, adaptive Lasso, and elastic net Cox regression models. Twenty-seven deep-learned features are extracted through deep learning to predict overall survival. The top 10 ranked genes with the highest impact on these features are related to glioblastoma stem cells, stem cell niche environment, and treatment resistance mechanisms, including POSTN, TNR, BCAN, GAD1, TMSB15B, SCG3, PLA2G2A, NNMT, CHI3L1 and ELAVL4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Robert Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Ren D, Guo L, Wang L, Wu S, Lin C, Ye L, Zhu J, Li J, Song L, Lin H, He Z. Thymosin beta 10 is a key regulator of tumorigenesis and metastasis and a novel serum marker in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:15. [PMID: 28179017 PMCID: PMC5299657 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10) has been demonstrated to be involved in the malignant process of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological roles and clinical significance of TMSB10 in breast cancer and to identify whether TMSB10 might be used as a serum marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods TMSB10 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of 253 breast tumors and ELISA of serum from 80 patients with breast cancer. Statistical analysis was performed to explore the correlation between TMSB10 expression and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to examine the association between TMSB10 expression and overall survival and metastatic status. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the biological roles of TMSB10 in breast cancer. Western blotting and luciferase assays were examined to identify the underlying pathway involved in the tumor-promoting role of TMSB10. Results We found TMSB10 was upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues. Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that high TMSB10 expression significantly correlated with clinicopathological features, poor prognosis and distant metastases in patients with breast cancer. Overexpression of TMSB10 promotes, while silencing of TMSB10 inhibits, proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results further reveal that TMSB10 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via AKT/FOXO signaling, which is antagonized by the AKT kinase inhibitor perifosine. Importantly, the expression of TMSB10 is significantly elevated in the serum of patients with breast cancer and is positively associated with clinical stages of breast cancer. Conclusion TMSB10 may hold promise as a minimally invasive serum cancer biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer and a potential therapeutic target which will facilitate the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0785-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dong Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chuyong Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinrong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, hongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, hongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Libing Song
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Huanxin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyu He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
No agent has been identified that significantly accelerates the repair of chronic dermal wounds in humans. Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) is a small, abundant, naturally occurring regenerative protein that is found in body fluids and inside cells. It was found to have angiogenic and antiinflammatory activity and to be high in platelets that aggregate at the wound site. Thus we used Tβ4 initially in dermal healing. It has since been shown to have many activities important in tissue protection, repair, and regeneration. Tβ4 increases the rate of dermal healing in various preclinical animal models, including diabetic and aged animals, and is active for burns as well. Tβ4 also accelerated the rate of repair in phase 2 trials with patients having pressure ulcers, stasis ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa wounds. It is safe and well tolerated and will likely have additional uses in the skin and in injured organs for tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Kleinman
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - G Sosne
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Sánchez-Calderón H, Contreras J, Murillo-Cuesta S, Falagan S, Avendaño C, Dopazo J, Varela-Nieto I, Milo M. Comparative gene expression study of the vestibular organ of the Igf1 deficient mouse using whole-transcript arrays. Hear Res 2015; 330:62-77. [PMID: 26341476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The auditory and vestibular organs form the inner ear and have a common developmental origin. Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has a central role in the development of the cochlea and maintenance of hearing. Its deficiency causes sensorineural hearing loss in man and mice. During chicken early development, IGF-1 modulates neurogenesis of the cochleovestibular ganglion but no further studies have been conducted to explore the potential role of IGF-1 in the vestibular system. In this study we have compared the whole transcriptome of the vestibular organ from wild type and Igf1(-/-) mice at different developmental and postnatal times. RNA was prepared from E18.5, P15 and P90 vestibular organs of Igf1(-/-) and Igf1(+/+) mice and the transcriptome analysed in triplicates using Affymetrix(®) Mouse Gene 1.1 ST Array Plates. These plates are whole-transcript arrays that include probes to measure both messenger (mRNA) and long intergenic non-coding RNA transcripts (lincRNA), with a coverage of over 28 thousand coding transcripts and over 7 thousands non-coding transcripts. Given the complexity of the data we used two different methods VSN-RMA and mmBGX to analyse and compare the data. This is to better evaluate the number of false positives and to quantify uncertainty of low signals. We identified a number of differentially expressed genes that we described using functional analysis and validated using RT-qPCR. The morphology of the vestibular organ did not show differences between genotypes and no evident alterations were observed in the vestibular sensory areas of the null mice. However, well-defined cellular alterations were found in the vestibular neurons with respect their number and size. Although these mice did not show a dramatic vestibular phenotype, we conducted a functional analysis on differentially expressed genes between genotypes and across time. This was with the aim to identify new pathways that are involved in the development of the vestibular organ as well as pathways that maybe affected by the lack of IGF-1 and be associated to the morphological changes of the vestibular neurons that we observed in the Igf1(-/-) mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia Sánchez-Calderón
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Contreras
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Falagan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Computational Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Milo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arno AI, Gauglitz GG, Barret JP, Jeschke MG. New molecular medicine-based scar management strategies. Burns 2014; 40:539-51. [PMID: 24438742 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are prevalent disabling conditions with still suboptimal treatments. Basic science and molecular-based medicine research have contributed to unravel new bench-to-bedside scar therapies and to dissect the complex signalling pathways involved. Peptides such as the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, with Smads, Ski, SnoN, Fussels, endoglin, DS-Sily, Cav-1p, AZX100, thymosin-β4 and other related molecules may emerge as targets to prevent and treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. The aim of this review is to describe the basic complexity of these new molecular scar management strategies and point out new fibrosis research lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Arno
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerd G Gauglitz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan P Barret
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chankiewitz V, Morosan-Puopolo G, Yusuf F, Rudloff S, Pröls F, Kleff V, Hofmann DK, Brand-Saberi B. A thymosin beta15-like peptide promotes intersegmental myotome extension in the chicken embryo. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 141:275-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
11
|
Sribenja S, Wongkham S, Wongkham C, Yao Q, Chen C. Roles and Mechanisms of β-Thymosins in Cell Migration and Cancer Metastasis: An Update. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:103-10. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.756111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Knop J, App C, Hannappel E. Antibodies in research of thymosin β4: investigation of cross-reactivity and influence of fixatives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1270:105-11. [PMID: 23050825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against thymosin β4 are available from various sources and have been used in immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blot analyses. None of these antibodies have been fully characterized for specificity and influence of fixation techniques. This presents a difficulty because many tissues express more than one member of the β-thymosin family; in addition, highly homologous sequences are typical elements of β-thymosins. It is also important to scrutinize the influence of fixatives on the antibody-binding capability. Fixatives such as formaldehyde are well known as cross-linking reagents. Chemical modifications within the thymosin β4 molecule might change the putative epitope recognized by the antibody. These considerations suggest that investigations on thymosin β4 antibodies available to the scientific community are important and necessary before any experiment can be performed to exclude cross-reactivity with other β-thymosins that are coexistent in the examined tissue and to prove antibody binding after fixation steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knop
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Darb-Esfahani S, Kronenwett R, von Minckwitz G, Denkert C, Gehrmann M, Rody A, Budczies J, Brase JC, Mehta MK, Bojar H, Ataseven B, Karn T, Weiss E, Zahm DM, Khandan F, Dietel M, Loibl S. Thymosin beta 15A (TMSB15A) is a predictor of chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1892-900. [PMID: 23079573 PMCID: PMC3504944 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers predictive of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) of breast cancer are urgently needed. Methods: Using a training/validation approach for detection of predictive biomarkers in HER2-negative breast cancer, pre-therapeutic core biopsies from four independent cohorts were investigated: Gene array data were analysed in fresh frozen samples of two cohorts (n=86 and n=55). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from two neoadjuvant phase III trials (GeparTrio, n=212, and GeparQuattro, n=383). Results: A strong predictive capacity of thymosin beta 15 (TMSB15A) gene expression was evident in both fresh frozen cohorts (P<0.0001; P<0.0042). In the GeparTrio FFPE training cohort, a significant linear correlation between TMSB15A expression and pCR was apparent in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (n=61, P=0.040). A cutoff point was then defined that divided TNBC into a low and a high expression group (pCR rate 16.0% vs 47.2%). Both linear correlation of TMSB15A mRNA levels (P=0.017) and the pre-defined cutoff point were validated in 134 TNBC from GeparQuattro (pCR rate 36.8% vs 17.0%, P=0.020). No significant predictive capacity was observed in luminal carcinomas from GeparTrio and GeparQuattro. Conclusion: In TNBC, TMSB15A gene expression analysis might help to select patients with a high chance for pCR after NACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Darb-Esfahani
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 12:37-51. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.634793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Thymosin beta(4) as well as the other members of the beta-thymosin family are important G-actin sequestering peptides. The chemical properties, the biosynthesis, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of these peptides are discussed. During biosynthesis of thymosin beta(4) the initiator methionine is removed and the N-terminus is acetylated. Research on proteomics revealed several acetylated lysine residues and two phosphorylated threonine residues. The enormous number of phosphorylable and acetylable sites in the human proteome raises the question about the biological significance of these PTMs in the context of beta-thymosins. Presently, this question cannot be answered because neither the concentration of these modified beta-thymosins in cells is known nor the consequences of the modifications on the biological function(s) of beta-thymosins have been studied yet. Thymosin beta(4) is also posttranslationally modified by transglutaminase forming covalent bonds with other molecules. Prolyl oligopeptidase generates ac-SDKP from thymosin beta(4). The concentration of C-terminal peptide fragments of thymosin beta(4) is elevated in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Hannappel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Freeman KW, Banyard J. β-thymosins in cancer: implications for the clinic. Future Oncol 2009; 5:755-8. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Freeman
- Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline Banyard
- Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|