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Xu Z, Wu S, Tu J, Wang M, Liang W, Cheng J, Guan J, Xu J. RACGAP1 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8694. [PMID: 38622149 PMCID: PMC11018837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the expression and clinic significance of Rac GTPase Activating Protein 1 (RACGAP1) in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Online database analysis revealed a significant increase in RACGAP1 mRNA expression among 26 types of tumor tissues, including LUAD tissues. Online database and tissue microarray analyses indicated that RACGAP1 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues. Genetic variation analysis identified four different genetic variations of RACGAPs in LUAD. Moreover, online database analysis showed that RACGAP1 upregulation was correlated with shorter survival in patients with LUAD. After silencing RACGAP1 expression in A549 cells using siRNA and assessing its protein levels via Western blotting, we found that RACGAP1 knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Mechanistically, western blot analysis indicated that Bax expression increased, whereas Bcl-2 expression decreased. Moreover, RACGAP1 knockdown attenuated PI3K/AKT pathway activation in lung cancer cells. Taken together, our findings showed that RACGAP1 was overexpressed in LUAD tissues and played an important role in lung cancer by increasing cell growth through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study suggests recommends evaluating RACGAP1 in clinical settings as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Shaohang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Jiahua Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Weicheng Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Jiangdong Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China.
| | - Jianxin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China.
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Yuan Q, Li L, Wang LS, Xing SG. Epidemiological and transcriptome data identify shared gene signatures and immune cell infiltration in type 2 diabetes and non-small cell lung cancer. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:64. [PMID: 38468345 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous previous studies have reported an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and lung cancer risk, but the underlying mechanism of the interaction remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the shared genetic features and immune infiltration processes between lung cancer and T2DM. METHODS Epidemiological data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2000-2018 was used to explore the relationship between lung cancer and diabetes systematically. In addition, we also used bioinformatics methods to analyze the transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to explore the potential functional mechanisms from the perspective of genes and immune infiltration. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that prediabetes (OR = 3.289,95%CI 1.231, 8.788, p = 0.01760, model 3)and type 2 diabetes (OR = 3.032 95%CI,1.015, 9.054, p = 0.04689) were significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer after adjusting for multiple covariates. Data from NHANES showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin and the risk of lung cancer (P for non-linear < 0.001). Transcriptome data showed that we screened 57 co-DEGs, of which 25 were up-regulated co-DEGs and 32 were down-regulated. Ten core DEGs were identified by bioinformatics analysis, which were SMC6, CDC27, CDC7, RACGAP1, SMC4, NCF4, NCF1, NCF2, SELPLG and CFP. Correlation analysis showed that some core DEGs were significantly associated with simultaneous dysregulation of immune cells. CONCLUSION The identified core genes of NSCLC and T2DM are associated with dysregulated immune cells, which provides a potential research avenue for diagnosing and treating lung cancer combined with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Nan Jing Gaochun people's Hospital (The Gaochun Affiliated Hospital of Jiang Su University), 210000, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Nan Jing Gaochun people's Hospital (The Gaochun Affiliated Hospital of Jiang Su University), 210000, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu-Shun Wang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Nan Jing Gaochun people's Hospital (The Gaochun Affiliated Hospital of Jiang Su University), 210000, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Gui Xing
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Nan Jing Gaochun people's Hospital (The Gaochun Affiliated Hospital of Jiang Su University), 210000, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zheng CS, Huang WM, Xia HM, Mi JL, Li YQ, Liang HQ, Zhou L, Lu ZX, Wu F. Oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer and its potential value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Apoptosis 2024; 29:243-266. [PMID: 37670104 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A particular GTPase-activating protein called RACGAP1 is involved in apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in a variety of malignancies. Nevertheless, the role of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer was less studied, and its value of the expression and prognostic of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been explored. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate the oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in various cancers and its potential value in NPC. We comprehensively analyzed RACGAP1 expression, prognostic value, function, methylation levels, relationship with immune cells, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy response in pan-cancer utilizing multiple databases. The results discovered that RACGAP1 expression was elevated in most cancers and suggested poor prognosis, which could be related to the involvement of RACGAP1 in various cancer-related pathways such as the cell cycle and correlated with RACGAP1 methylation levels, immune cell infiltration and reaction to immunotherapy, and chemoresistance. RACGAP1 could inhibit anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy responses by fostering immune cell infiltration and cytotoxic T lymphocyte dysfunction. Significantly, we validated that RACGAP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in NPC. The Gene Expression Omnibus database revealed that elevated RACGAP1 expression was associated with shorter PFS in patients with NPC, and RACGAP1 potentially influenced cell cycle progression, DNA replication, metabolism, and immune-related pathways, resulting in the recurrence and metastasis of NPC. This study indicated that RACGAP1 could be a potential biomarker in pan-cancer and NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei-Mei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jing-Lin Mi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Qing Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhou-Xue Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Moutabian H, Radi UK, Saleman AY, Adil M, Zabibah RS, Chaitanya MNL, Saadh MJ, Jawad MJ, Hazrati E, Bagheri H, Pal RS, Akhavan-Sigari R. MicroRNA-155 and cancer metastasis: Regulation of invasion, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154789. [PMID: 37741138 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Among the leading causes of death globally has been cancer. Nearly 90% of all cancer-related fatalities are attributed to metastasis, which is the growing of additional malignant growths out of the original cancer origin. Therefore, a significant clinical need for a deeper comprehension of metastasis exists. Beginning investigations are being made on the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the metastatic process. Tiny non-coding RNAs called miRNAs have a crucial part in controlling the spread of cancer. Some miRNAs regulate migration, invasion, colonization, cancer stem cells' properties, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the microenvironment, among other processes, to either promote or prevent metastasis. One of the most well-conserved and versatile miRNAs, miR-155 is primarily distinguished by overexpression in a variety of illnesses, including malignant tumors. It has been discovered that altered miR-155 expression is connected to a number of physiological and pathological processes, including metastasis. As a result, miR-155-mediated signaling pathways were identified as possible cancer molecular therapy targets. The current research on miR-155, which is important in controlling cancer cells' invasion, and metastasis as well as migration, will be summarized in the current work. The crucial significance of the lncRNA/circRNA-miR-155-mRNA network as a crucial regulator of carcinogenesis and a player in the regulation of signaling pathways or related genes implicated in cancer metastasis will be covered in the final section. These might provide light on the creation of fresh treatment plans for controlling cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Moutabian
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mv N L Chaitanya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ebrahi Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rashmi Saxena Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Jiang W, Wei Q, Xie H, Wu D, He H, Lv X. Effect of PTGES3 on the Prognosis and Immune Regulation in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:4522045. [PMID: 37416927 PMCID: PMC10322580 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4522045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PTGES3 is upregulated in multiple cancer types and promotes tumorigenesis and progression. However, the clinical outcome and immune regulation of PTGES3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the expression level and prognostic value of PTGES3 and its correlation with potential immunotherapy in LUAD. Methods All data were obtained from several databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Firstly, gene and protein expression of PTGES3 were analyzed using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), R software, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Thereafter, survival analysis was conducted using the R software, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2), and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. In addition, gene alteration and mutation analyses were conducted using the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal (cBioPortal) and Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) databases. The molecular mechanisms associated with PTGES3 were assessed via Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING), GeneMANIA, GEPIA2, and R software. Lastly, the role of PTGES3 in immune regulation in LUAD was investigated using TIMER, Tumor-Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB), and SangerBox. Results The gene and protein expression of PTGES3 were elevated in LUAD tissues and compared to the normal tissues, and the high expression of PTGES3 was correlated with cancer stage and tumor grade. Survival analysis revealed that overexpression of PTGES3 was associated with poor prognosis of LUAD patients. Moreover, gene alteration and mutation analysis revealed the occurrence of several types of PTGES3 gene alterations in LUAD. Moreover, co-expression analysis and cross-analysis revealed that three genes, including CACYBP, HNRNPC, and TCP1, were correlated and interacted with PTGES3. Functional analysis of these genes revealed that PTGES3 was primarily enriched in oocyte meiosis, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, we found that PTGES3 participated in a complex immune regulation network in LUAD. Conclusion The current study indicated the crucial role of PTGES3 in LUAD prognosis and immune regulation. Altogether, our results suggested that PTGES3 could serve as a promising therapeutic and prognosis biomarker for the LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiqin Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xuedong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Huang CJ, Lyu X, Kang J. The molecular characteristics and functional roles of microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1) in gene expression, cell proliferation, and organismic development. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:619-632. [PMID: 36384428 PMCID: PMC9980701 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2145816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate spatial and temporal regulation of cell cycle progression is essential for cell proliferation and organismic development. This review demonstrates the role of microspherule protein 58kD, commonly known as MCRS1, as a key cell cycle regulator of higher eukaryotic organisms. We discuss the isoforms and functional domains of MCRS1 as well as their subcellular localization at specific stages of the cell cycle. These molecular characteristics reveal MCRS1's dynamic regulatory role in gene expression, genome stability, cell proliferation, and organismic development. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular details of its seemingly opposite, tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting, role in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoai Lyu
- Arts and Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Jungseog Kang
- Arts and Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Wang LH, Chang CC, Cheng CY, Liang YJ, Pei D, Sun JT, Chen YL. MCRS1 Expression Regulates Tumor Activity and Affects Survival Probability of Patients with Gastric Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061502. [PMID: 35741311 PMCID: PMC9221628 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Surgery remains the first-choice treatment. Chemotherapy is considered in the middle and advanced stages, but has limited success. Microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1, also known as MSP58) is a protein originally identified in the nucleus and cytoplasm that is involved in the cell cycle. High expression of MCRS1 increases tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. The mechanistic relationships between MCSR1 and proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain to be elucidated. We clarified these relationships using immunostaining of tumor tissues and normal tissues from patients with gastric cancer. High MCRS1 expression in gastric cancer positively correlated with Ki-67, Caspase3, CD31, Fibronectin, pAKT, and pAMPK. The hazard ratio of high MCRS1 expression was 2.44 times that of low MCRS1 expression, negatively impacting patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Han Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan; (L.-H.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Yin Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan; (L.-H.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Jen Liang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan;
| | - Dee Pei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Tang Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan; (L.-H.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.-T.S.); (Y.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-7728-1843 (J.-T.S.); +886-2-8792-3311 (ext. 16756) (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-T.S.); (Y.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-7728-1843 (J.-T.S.); +886-2-8792-3311 (ext. 16756) (Y.-L.C.)
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Sharma A, Yadav D, Rao P, Sinha S, Goswami D, Rawal RM, Shrivastava N. Identification of potential therapeutic targets associated with diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fixing the GAP: the role of RhoGAPs in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Satpathy S, Krug K, Jean Beltran PM, Savage SR, Petralia F, Kumar-Sinha C, Dou Y, Reva B, Kane MH, Avanessian SC, Vasaikar SV, Krek A, Lei JT, Jaehnig EJ, Omelchenko T, Geffen Y, Bergstrom EJ, Stathias V, Christianson KE, Heiman DI, Cieslik MP, Cao S, Song X, Ji J, Liu W, Li K, Wen B, Li Y, Gümüş ZH, Selvan ME, Soundararajan R, Visal TH, Raso MG, Parra ER, Babur Ö, Vats P, Anand S, Schraink T, Cornwell M, Rodrigues FM, Zhu H, Mo CK, Zhang Y, da Veiga Leprevost F, Huang C, Chinnaiyan AM, Wyczalkowski MA, Omenn GS, Newton CJ, Schurer S, Ruggles KV, Fenyö D, Jewell SD, Thiagarajan M, Mesri M, Rodriguez H, Mani SA, Udeshi ND, Getz G, Suh J, Li QK, Hostetter G, Paik PK, Dhanasekaran SM, Govindan R, Ding L, Robles AI, Clauser KR, Nesvizhskii AI, Wang P, Carr SA, Zhang B, Mani DR, Gillette MA. A proteogenomic portrait of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cell 2021; 184:4348-4371.e40. [PMID: 34358469 PMCID: PMC8475722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains a leading cause of cancer death with few therapeutic options. We characterized the proteogenomic landscape of LSCC, providing a deeper exposition of LSCC biology with potential therapeutic implications. We identify NSD3 as an alternative driver in FGFR1-amplified tumors and low-p63 tumors overexpressing the therapeutic target survivin. SOX2 is considered undruggable, but our analyses provide rationale for exploring chromatin modifiers such as LSD1 and EZH2 to target SOX2-overexpressing tumors. Our data support complex regulation of metabolic pathways by crosstalk between post-translational modifications including ubiquitylation. Numerous immune-related proteogenomic observations suggest directions for further investigation. Proteogenomic dissection of CDKN2A mutations argue for more nuanced assessment of RB1 protein expression and phosphorylation before declaring CDK4/6 inhibition unsuccessful. Finally, triangulation between LSCC, LUAD, and HNSCC identified both unique and common therapeutic vulnerabilities. These observations and proteogenomics data resources may guide research into the biology and treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pierre M Jean Beltran
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M Harry Kane
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shayan C Avanessian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric J Jaehnig
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erik J Bergstrom
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vasileios Stathias
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karen E Christianson
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcin P Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tanvi H Visal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria G Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Özgün Babur
- Computer Science Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shankara Anand
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tobias Schraink
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Houxiang Zhu
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Stephan Schurer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Namrata D Udeshi
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James Suh
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Paul K Paik
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Ren K, Zhou D, Wang M, Li E, Hou C, Su Y, Zou Q, Zhou P, Liu X. RACGAP1 modulates ECT2-Dependent mitochondrial quality control to drive breast cancer metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112493. [PMID: 33485843 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are due to the colonization of tumor cells in distant organs. More evidence indicates that overexpression of RACGAP1 plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism still remains poorly understood. Here we found that RACGAP1 promoted breast cancer metastasis through regulating mitochondrial quality control. Overexpression of RACGAP1 in breast cancer cells led to the fragmentation of mitochondria, increased mitophagy intensity, mitochondrial turnover, and aerobic glycolysis ATP production. We showed that RACGAP1 promoted mitochondrial fission through recruiting ECT2 during anaphase and subsequently had activated ERK-DRP1 pathway. We further demonstrated the phosphorylation of RACGAP1 is essential for its ability of binding with ECT2 and its downstream effects. RACGAP1 overexpression also increased the expression of PGC-1a, a key mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, presumably by the increased mitophagy intensity induced by RACGAP1. PGC-1a increased the enrichment of DNMT1 in mitochondria, mitochondrial DNMT1 augmented mitochondrial DNA methylation and upregulated mitochondrial genome transcription. Our data indicated that RACGAP1 simultaneously facilitated mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis through regulating DRP1 phosphorylation and PGC-1a expression, eventually improved mitochondrial quality control in breast cancer cells. Our study provided a new angle in understanding the RACGAP1-overexpression related malignancy in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenjian Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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12
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Lu M, Xiong H, Xia ZK, Liu B, Wu F, Zhang HX, Hu CH, Liu P. circRACGAP1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer proliferation by regulating miR-144-5p/CDKL1 signaling pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:197-211. [PMID: 32778770 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the regulation of many pathophysiological processes as non-coding RNAs. This study focuses on the role of circRACGAP1 in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Expression patterns of circRACGAP1 and miR-144-5p in NSCLC tissues and cell lines were quantified by qRT-PCR analysis. Then, the function of circRACGAP1 on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis were confirmed in vitro and in vivo using CCK-8 assay, colony formation, EdU incorporation, and xenograft technique. The regulation of circRACGAP1 on Gefitinib resistance of NSCLC cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The regulatory network of circRACGAP1/miR-144-5p/CDKL1 was verified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the biomarkers of cell cycle and apoptosis-associated proteins. CircRACGAP1 was highly expressed and miR-144-5p was inhibited both in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, suggesting their negative correlation in NSCLC. Knockdown of circRACGAP1 suppressed cell proliferation via arresting the cell cycle. miR-144-5p was identified as a downstream target to reverse circRACGAP1-mediated cell proliferation. miR-144-5p directly targeted the 3'-UTR of CDKL1 to regulate cell cycle of NSCLC cells. circRACGAP1 knockdown dramatically inhibited the tumor growth and enhanced the sensitivity of NSCLC to Gefitinib in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our study revealed a novel machinery of circRACGAP1/miR-144-5p/CDKL1 for the NSCLC tumorigenesis and development, providing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-Kun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Chun-Hong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China.
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13
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Expression Signatures of Cisplatin- and Trametinib-Treated Early-Stage Medaka Melanomas. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2267-2276. [PMID: 31101653 PMCID: PMC6643878 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small aquarium fish models provide useful systems not only for a better understanding of the molecular basis of many human diseases, but also for first-line screening to identify new drug candidates. For testing new chemical substances, current strategies mostly rely on easy to perform and efficient embryonic screens. Cancer, however, is a disease that develops mainly during juvenile and adult stage. Long-term treatment and the challenge to monitor changes in tumor phenotype make testing of large chemical libraries in juvenile and adult animals cost prohibitive. We hypothesized that changes in the gene expression profile should occur early during anti-tumor treatment, and the disease-associated transcriptional change should provide a reliable readout that can be utilized to evaluate drug-induced effects. For the current study, we used a previously established medaka melanoma model. As proof of principle, we showed that exposure of melanoma developing fish to the drugs cisplatin or trametinib, known cancer therapies, for a period of seven days is sufficient to detect treatment-induced changes in gene expression. By examining whole body transcriptome responses we provide a novel route toward gene panels that recapitulate anti-tumor outcomes thus allowing a screening of thousands of drugs using a whole-body vertebrate model. Our results suggest that using disease-associated transcriptional change to screen therapeutic molecules in small fish model is viable and may be applied to pre-clinical research and development stages in new drug discovery.
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14
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Li B, Pu K, Wu X. Identifying novel biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11418-11431. [PMID: 30746803 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor found in the bile duct epithelial cells, and the second most common tumor of the liver. However, the pivotal roles of most molecules of tumorigenesis in HCC are still unclear. Hence, it is essential to detect the tumorigenic mechanism and develop novel prognostic biomarkers for clinical application. The data of HCC mRNA-seq and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Co-expression modules and clinical traits were constructed by the Pearson correlation analysis, interesting modules were selected and gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Intramodule analysis and protein-protein interaction construction of selected modules were conducted to screen hub genes. In addition, upstream transcription factors and microRNAs of hub genes were predicted by miRecords and NetworkAnalyst database. Afterward, a high connectivity degree of hub genes from two networks was picked out to perform the differential expression validation in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database and Human Protein Atlas database and survival analysis in Kaplan-Meier plotter online tool. By utilizing WGCNA, several hub genes that regulate the mechanism of tumorigenesis in HCC were identified, which was associated with clinical traits including the pathological stage, histological grade, and liver function. Surprisingly, ZWINT, CENPA, RACGAP1, PLK1, NCAPG, OIP5, CDCA8, PRC1, and CDK1 were identified statistically as hub genes in the blue module, which were closely implicated in pathological T stage and histologic grade of HCC. Moreover, these genes also were strongly associated with the HCC cell growth and division. Network and survival analyses found that nine hub genes may be considered theoretically as indicators to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC or clinical treatment target, it will be necessary for basic experiments and large-scale cohort studies to validate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinan Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Wang XM, Li QY, Ren LL, Liu YM, Wang TS, Mu TC, Fu S, Liu C, Xiao JY. Effects of MCRS1 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells by interacting with Pkmyt1 protein kinase. Cell Signal 2019; 59:171-181. [PMID: 30953699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microspherule protein 1(MCRS1) is known to be an oncogene in several tumors. However, recent studies have shown that MCRS1 inhibits lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) patients by inhibiting telomerase activity. Protein kinase, membrane associated tyrosine/threonine 1(Pkmyt1), a member of the WEE1 family, has been found to interact with MCRS1 by yeast two-hybrid assay; however, how these two proteins interact in GC is still unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of MCRS1 interaction with Pkmyt1 on GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Initially, we observed increased expression of MCRS1 in GC SGC-7901 cells and decreased expression in GC BGC-823 cells. Hence, we down-regulated MCRS1 expression in SGC-7901 cells and up-regulated it in BGC-823 cells. Our results showed that overexpression of MCRS1 inhibits the growth, invasion and migration of GC cells, while downregulation of MCRS1 promotes the growth, invasion and migration of GC cells. When MK1775, an inhibitor of WEE1 kinase, was added after downregulation of MCRS1, phenotypic recovery effects were observed. Overexpression of MCRS1 also inhibited the expression of Pkmyt1 and vice versa. This indicated that there might be a possible interaction between MCRS1 and Pkmyt1. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation assay revealed the interaction between MCRS1 and Pkmyt1 in virto, and immunofluorescence experiments showed that the two proteins were co-localized in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, our study confirmed the specific tumor suppressive activity of MCRS1 in GC proliferation, invasion and migration and suggested that it might inhibit the progression of GC through its interaction with Pkmyt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Yang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China
| | - Yi-Meng Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China
| | - Tian-Shi Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China
| | - Tian-Chi Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ying Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, PR China.
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16
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Roy S, Hooiveld GJ, Seehawer M, Caruso S, Heinzmann F, Schneider AT, Frank AK, Cardenas DV, Sonntag R, Luedde M, Trautwein C, Stein I, Pikarsky E, Loosen S, Tacke F, Ringelhan M, Avsaroglu SK, Goga A, Buendia MA, Vucur M, Heikenwalder M, Zucman-Rossi J, Zender L, Roderburg C, Luedde T. microRNA 193a-5p Regulates Levels of Nucleolar- and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 to Suppress Hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1951-1966.e26. [PMID: 30165047 PMCID: PMC6279541 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We performed an integrated analysis to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with altered expression in liver tumors from 3 mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and human tumor tissues. METHODS We analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of liver tissues from mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, conditional expression of lymphotoxin alpha and lymphotoxin beta, or inducible expression of a Myc transgene (Tet-O-Myc mice), as well as male C57BL/6 mice (controls). miRNA mimics were expressed and miRNAs and mRNAs were knocked down in human (Huh7, Hep3B, JHH2) hepatoma cell lines; cells were analyzed for viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Cells were grown as xenograft tumors in nude mice and analyzed. We combined in silico target gene prediction with mRNA profiles from all 3 mouse models. We quantified miRNA levels in 146 fresh-frozen tissues from patients (125 HCCs, 17 matched nontumor tissues, and 4 liver samples from patients without cancer) and published human data sets and tested correlations with patient survival times using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Levels of NUSAP1 mRNA were quantified in 237 HCCs and 5 nontumor liver samples using the TaqMan assay. RESULTS Levels of the miRNA 193a-5p (MIR193A-5p) were reduced in liver tumors from all 3 mouse tumor models and in human HCC samples, compared with nontumor liver tissues. Expression of a MIR193A-5p mimic in hepatoma cells reduced proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion and their growth as xenograft tumors in nude mice. We found nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) to be a target of MIR193A-5p; HCC cells and tissues with low levels of MIR193A-5p had increased expression of NUSAP1. Increased levels of NUSAP1 in HCC samples correlated with shorter survival times of patients. Knockdown of NUSAP1 in Huh7 cells reduced proliferation, survival, migration, and growth as xenograft tumors in nude mice. Hydrodynamic tail-vein injections of a small hairpin RNA against NUSAP1 reduced growth of Akt1-Myc-induced tumors in mice. CONCLUSIONS MIR193A-5p appears to prevent liver tumorigenesis by reducing levels of NUSAP1. Levels of MIR193A-5p are reduced in mouse and human HCC cells and tissues, leading to increased levels of NUSAP1, associated with shorter survival times of patients. Integrated analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs in tumors from mouse models can lead to identification of therapeutic targets in humans. The currently reported miRNA and mRNA profiling data have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (super-series accession number GSE102418).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Roy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Guido J. Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Seehawer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Inserm UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, University Paris Descartes, University University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Florian Heinzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anna K. Frank
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | | | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Kiel, 25105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ilan Stein
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sven Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München
| | - Seda Kilinc Avsaroglu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- Inserm Unit U1193, University Paris-Sud, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, University Paris Descartes, University University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, Aachen Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany.
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17
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Martini T, Heinkele J, Mayr R, Weis CA, Wezel F, Wahby S, Eckstein M, Schnöller T, Breyer J, Wirtz R, Ritter M, Bolenz C, Erben P. Predictive value of lymphangiogenesis and proliferation markers on mRNA level in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder after radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:530.e19-530.e27. [PMID: 30446441 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mRNA expression of lymphangiogenesis and proliferation markers and to examine its association with histopathological characteristics and clinical outcome in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) after radical cystectomy (RC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Gene expression analysis of the vascular endothelial growth -C and -D (VEGF-C/-D), its receptor VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), MKI67, and RACGAP1 was performed in 108 patients after radical cystectomy and their correlation with clinical-pathological parameters was investigated. Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify predictors for cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after RC. RESULTS The expression of RACGAP1 and VEGFR-3 showed an association with a higher pT stage (P = 0.049; P = 0.009). MKI67 showed an association with a high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (P = 0.021). VEGFR-3 expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P = 0.016) and lymph node metastases (pN+) (P = 0.028). With the univariate analysis, overexpression of VEGFR-3 (P = 0.029) and the clinical-pathological parameters pT stage (P < 0.0001), pN+ (P = 0.0004), LVI (P < 0.0001) and female gender (P = 0.021) were significantly associated with a reduced CSS. Multivariate analysis identified a higher pT stage (P = 0.017) and LVI (P = 0.008) as independent predictors for reduced CSS. Independent predictors for reduced OS were a higher pT stage (P = 0.0007) and LVI (P = 0.0021), while overexpression of VEGF-D was associated with better OS (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The mRNA expression of the investigated markers showed associations with common histopathological parameters. Increased expression of VEGF-D is independently associated with better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Heinkele
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Mayr
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Germany
| | - Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Wahby
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Germany
| | - Ralph Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, The St. Elisabeth Hospital Köln-Hohenlind, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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18
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Wilson BD, Ricks-Santi LJ, Mason TE, Abbas M, Kittles RA, Dunston GM, Kanaan YM. Admixture Mapping Links RACGAP1 Regulation to Prostate Cancer in African Americans. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:185-191. [PMID: 29695400 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in US males. African American men have higher incidence and mortality rates than European Americans. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with PCa. We hypothesized haplotypes inferred from these SNPs are also associated with PCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS We genotyped SNPs in a case-control admixture mapping study. SNP haplotypes inferred for 157 PCa cases and 150 controls were used in the regression analysis. RESULTS We found an association between "GTCCC", "ATTCT", and "ACCCC" haplotypes and PCa after ancestry adjustment (OR=3.62, 95%CI=1.42-9.21, p=0.0070; OR=7.89, 95%CI=2.36-26.31, p=0.0008; OR=4.34, 95%CI=1.75-10.78, p=0.0016). The rs615382 variant disrupts the recombination signal binding protein with immunoglobulin kappa J binding site in Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1). CONCLUSION Disruption of notch 1 mediated-repression of RACGAP1 may contribute to PCa in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford D Wilson
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
| | | | - Tshela E Mason
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Muneer Abbas
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.,Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Rick A Kittles
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, U.S.A
| | - Georgia M Dunston
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.,Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Yasmine M Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
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19
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Bai G, Zheng W, Ma W. Identification and functional analysis of a core gene module associated with hepatitis C virus-induced human hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6815-6824. [PMID: 29725417 PMCID: PMC5920388 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression may be due to a complex multi-step processes. The developmental mechanism of these processes is worth investigating for the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of HCC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the progression of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. First, the dynamic gene module, consisting of key genes associated with progression between the normal stage and HCC, was identified using the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis tool from R language. By defining those genes in the module as seeds, the change of co-expression in differentially expressed gene sets in two consecutive stages of pathological progression was examined. Finally, interaction pairs of HCV viral proteins and their directly targeted proteins in the identified module were extracted from the literature and a comprehensive interaction dataset from yeast two-hybrid experiments. By combining the interactions between HCV and their targets, and protein-protein interactions in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING), the HCV-key genes interaction network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape software 3.2. As a result, a module containing 44 key genes was identified to be associated with HCC progression, due to the dynamic features and functions of those genes in the module. Several important differentially co-expressed gene pairs were identified between non-HCC and HCC stages. In the key genes, cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), NDC80, cyclin A2 (CCNA2) and rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) were shown to be targeted by the HCV nonstructural proteins NS5A, NS3 and NS5B, respectively. The four genes perform an intermediary role between the HCV viral proteins and the dysfunctional module in the HCV key genes interaction network. These findings provided valuable information for understanding the mechanism of HCV-induced HCC progression and for seeking drug targets for the therapy and prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaobo Bai
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Zheng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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20
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Comparative evaluation of three proliferation markers, Ki-67, TOP2A, and RacGAP1, in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: Issues and prospects. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41959-41973. [PMID: 27259241 PMCID: PMC5173108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The classification of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (BP-NEN) into four tumor entities (typical carcinoids (TC), atypical carcinoids (AC), small cell lung cancers (SCLC), large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC)) is difficult to perform accurately, but important for prognostic statements and therapeutic management decisions. In this regard, we compared the expression of three proliferation markers, Ki-67, Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), and RacGAP1, in a series of tumor samples from 104 BP-NEN patients (24 TC, 21 AC, 52 SCLC, 7 LCNEC) using different evaluation methods (immunohistochemistry (IHC): Average evaluation, Hotspot evaluation, digital image analysis; RT-qPCR). The results indicated that all three markers had increased protein and mRNA expression with poorer differentiation and correlated well with each other, as well as with grading, staging, and poor survival. Compared with Ki-67 and TOP2A, RacGAP1 allowed for a clearer prognostic statement. The cut-off limits obtained for Ki-67-Average (IHC) were TC-AC 1.5, AC-SCLC 19, and AC-LCNEC 23.5. The Hotspot evaluation generated equal to higher, the digital image analysis generally lower between-entity cut-off limits. All three markers enabled a clear-cut differentiation between the BP-NEN entities, and all methods evaluated were suitable for marker assessment. However, to define optimal cut-off limits, the Ki-67 evaluation methods should be standardized. RacGAP1 appeared to be a new marker with great potential.
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21
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Zhou K, Liu M, Cao Y. New Insight into microRNA Functions in Cancer: Oncogene-microRNA-Tumor Suppressor Gene Network. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:46. [PMID: 28736730 PMCID: PMC5500619 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multi-step and complex process with multi-factors involved. Deregulated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) induced by genetic and epigenetic factors are considered as the driving force in the development and progression of cancer. Besides, microRNAs (miRNAs) act vital roles in tumorigenesis through regulating some oncogenes and TSGs. Interestingly, miRNAs are also regulated by oncogenes and TSGs. Considering the entangled regulation, here we propose a new insight into these regulation relationships in cancer: oncogene–miRNA–TSG network, which further emphasizes roles of miRNA, as well as highlights the network regulation among oncogene, miRNA, and TSG during tumorigenesis. The oncogene–miRNA–TSG network demonstrates that oncogenes and TSGs not only show functional synergy, but also there are regulatory relationships among oncogenes and TSGs during tumorigenesis, which could be mediated by miRNAs. In view of the oncogene–miRNA–TSG network involved in many oncogenes, miRNAs, and TSGs, as well as occurring in various tumor types, the anomaly of this network may be a common event in cancers and participates in tumorigenesis. This hypothesis broadens horizons of molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, and may provide a new promising venue for the prediction, diagnosis, and even therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Minxia Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
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22
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Modeling osteosarcoma progression by measuring the connectivity dynamics using an inference of multiple differential modules algorithm. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1047-1054. [PMID: 28586048 PMCID: PMC5562023 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic changes in connectivity of molecular pathways is important for determining disease prognosis. Thus, the current study used an inference of multiple differential modules (iMDM) algorithm to identify the connectivity changes of sub-network to predict the progression of osteosarcoma (OS) based on the microarray data of OS at four Huvos grades. Initially, multiple differential co-expression networks (M-DCNs) were constructed, and weight values were assigned for each edge, followed by detection of seed genes in M-DCNs according to the topological properties. Using these seed gene as a start, an iMDM algorithm was utilized to identify the multiple candidate modules. The statistical significance was determined to select multiple differential modules (M-DMs) based on the null score distribution of candidate modules generated using randomized networks. Additionally, the significance of Module Connectivity Dynamic Score (MCDS) to quantify the dynamic change of M-DMs connectivity. Further, DAVID was employed for KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of genes in dynamic modules. In addition to the basal condition, four conditions, OS grade 1–4, were also included (M=4). In total, 4 DCNs were constructed, and each of them included 2,138 edges and 272 nodes. A total of 13 genes were identified and termed ‘seed genes’ based on the z-score distribution of 272 nodes in DCNs. Following the module search, module refinement and statistical significance analysis, a total of four 4-DMs (modules 1, 2, 3 and 4) were identified. Only one significant 4-DM (module 3 in the DCNs of grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 OS) with dynamic changes was detected when the MCDS of real 4-DMs were compared to a null distribution of MCDS of random 4-DMs. Notably, the genes of the dynamic module (module 3) were enriched in two significant pathway terms, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and ribosome. The seed genes with the highest degrees included protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A (PPP1R12A), UTP3, small subunit processome component homolog (UTP3), prostaglandin E synthase 3 (PTGES3). Thus, pathway functions (ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and ribosome) and several seed genes (PPP1R12A, UTP3, and PTGES3) in the dynamic module 3 may be associated with the progression of OS and may serve as potential therapeutic targets in OS.
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23
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Neuroblastoma cells depend on HDAC11 for mitotic cell cycle progression and survival. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2635. [PMID: 28252645 PMCID: PMC5386552 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of long-term survivors of high-risk neuroblastoma remains discouraging, with 10-year survival as low as 20%, despite decades of considerable international efforts to improve outcome. Major obstacles remain and include managing resistance to induction therapy, which causes tumor progression and early death in high-risk patients, and managing chemotherapy-resistant relapses, which can occur years after the initial diagnosis. Identifying and validating novel therapeutic targets is essential to improve treatment. Delineating and deciphering specific functions of single histone deacetylases in neuroblastoma may support development of targeted acetylome-modifying therapeutics for patients with molecularly defined high-risk neuroblastoma profiles. We show here that HDAC11 depletion in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma cell lines strongly induces cell death, mostly mediated by apoptotic programs. Genes necessary for mitotic cell cycle progression and cell division were most prominently enriched in at least two of three time points in whole-genome expression data combined from two cell systems, and all nine genes in these functional categories were strongly repressed, including CENPA, KIF14, KIF23 and RACGAP1. Enforced expression of one selected candidate, RACGAP1, partially rescued the induction of apoptosis caused by HDAC11 depletion. High-level expression of all nine genes in primary neuroblastomas significantly correlated with unfavorable overall and event-free survival in patients, suggesting a role in mediating the more aggressive biological and clinical phenotype of these tumors. Our study identified a group of cell cycle-promoting genes regulated by HDAC11, being both predictors of unfavorable patient outcome and essential for tumor cell viability. The data indicate a significant role of HDAC11 for mitotic cell cycle progression and survival of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells, and suggests that HDAC11 could be a valuable drug target.
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24
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Li C, Chen M, Zhao P, Ayana DA, Wang L, Jiang Y. Expression of MCRS1 and MCRS2 and their correlation with serum carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:589-596. [PMID: 27446248 PMCID: PMC4950148 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated genes serve a crucial role in carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1) and MCRS2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their association with clinical variables. The mRNA expression levels of MCRS1 and MCRS2 were assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the tumor and corresponding non-tumor tissues of 54 newly-diagnosed CRC patients, as well as in the normal colonic mucosa tissue of 19 age/gender-matched healthy controls. Immunofluorescence was also employed to identify the expression of MCRS1 in CRC tissues, while the concentration of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was determined by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. The results identified a negative correlation between MCRS1 and MCRS2 expression levels (r=-0.3018, P=0.0266). MCRS1 mRNA expression was significantly increased and MCRS2 mRNA expression was decreased in CRC tissues compared with the levels in the corresponding normal tissues (both P<0.001). An increase in MCRS1 expression and a decrease in MCRS2 expression was detected in advanced stage when compared with early stage CRC patients. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased expression of MCRS1 in CRC patients. Furthermore, the expression levels of MCRS1 displayed positive correlation, whilst those of MCRS2 displayed negative correlation, with the serum CEA level in patients with CRC. The results suggest that increased MCRS1 and decreased MCRS2 expression appeared to be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. The present study provides evidence suggesting that MCRS1 and MCRS2 may identify CRC patients at a risk of disease relapse, and thus, may be potential tools for monitoring disease activity and act as novel diagnostic markers in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiao Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China
| | - Pingwei Zhao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China
| | - Desalegn Admassu Ayana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa 3000, Ethiopia
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China
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25
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Bornschein J, Nielitz J, Drozdov I, Selgrad M, Wex T, Jechorek D, Link A, Vieth M, Malfertheiner P. Expression of aurora kinase A correlates with the Wnt-modulator RACGAP1 in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:516-26. [PMID: 26778597 PMCID: PMC4799948 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify the link between Wnt signaling and aurora kinase A (AURKA), a target for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Publicly available microarray data were used to identify phenotype‐specific protein–protein interaction (PPI) subnetworks. The in silico analysis revealed a gastric cancer‐specific PPI subnetwork consisting of 2745 proteins and 50,935 interactions. We focused on the link of AURKA to a Wnt‐specific interaction module consisting of 92 proteins. There was a direct association of AURKA with Rac GTPase‐activating protein 1 (RACGAP1), as well as with CTNBB1 (β‐catenin) and CDKN1A as second‐order interactors. Differential expression analysis revealed a significant downregulation of both AURKA and RACGAP1 in gastric cancer compared to noncancer controls. Biopsies from a prospective cohort of 56 patients with gastric cancer (32 intestinal type, 24 diffuse type) and 20 noncancer controls were used for validation of the identified targets. The RT‐PCR data confirmed a strong correlation of AURKA and RACGAP1 gene expression both in the tumor, the tumor‐adjacent and the tumor‐distant mucosa. RACGAP1 in the tumor was also associated with CTNBB1 expression, and inversely associated with CDKN1A gene expression. Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of the RACGAP1 protein in gastric cancer and the tumor‐adjacent mucosa. RACGAP1 expression was not associated with tumor stage, grading, Lauren type, Helicobacter pylori infection, or age. In conclusion, AURKA is directly associated with the expression of RACGAP1, a modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bornschein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Nielitz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ignat Drozdov
- Department of Computational Biology, Bering Limited, 80 Third Cross Road, Twickenham, TW2 5EA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Selgrad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Am Neustädter Feld 47, 39124, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doerthe Jechorek
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Preuschwitzer Str. 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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26
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Liu M, Zhou K, Huang Y, Cao Y. The candidate oncogene (MCRS1) promotes the growth of human lung cancer cells via the miR-155-Rb1 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:121. [PMID: 26467212 PMCID: PMC4606992 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1) is a candidate oncogene and participates in various cellular processes, including growth, migration, senescence and transformation. MCRS1 is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and promotes the growth of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms driving these processes are not fully understood. Methods Retrovirus-mediated RNA interference was employed to knockdown MCRS1 expression in cell lines. Cell proliferation assays and animal experiments were respectively performed to evaluate the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis was carried out for mRNA profiling. Luciferase reporter assay and microRNA (miRNA) transfection were used to investigate the interaction between miRNA and gene. Results Stably knocking down MCRS1 expression inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. By comparing the mRNA expression profiles of NSCLC cells with or without MCRS1 silencing, we found that MCRS1 regulated expressions of various genes related to cell proliferation, including Rb1, TP53, cell cycle-related genes, MYC, E2F2, PCNA, and Ki67. However, MCRS1 did not directly bind to these differentially expressed genes. Here, we confirmed that Rb1, an important tumor suppression gene (TSG), is a direct target of miR-155 which is directly up-regulated by MCRS1. Furthermore, the level of Rb1 expression in NSCLC tissues was inversely correlated with those of miR-155 and MCRS1, and MCRS1 regulated expression of Rb1 via miR-155. Additionally, we found that the DNA copy number of the MCRS1 gene played a role in MCRS1 overexpression in NSCLCs. Conclusion MCRS1 overexpression induced NSCLC proliferation through the miR-155–Rb1 pathway and DNA copy-number amplification is one of the mechanisms underlying MCRS1 overexpression in NSCLC. Moreover, we put forward the hypothesis that there are regulatory relationships between oncogenes and TSGs apart from the functional synergy of both; the oncogene-miRNA-TSG networks are one of mechanisms among the regulatory relationships; the regulatory relationships and the networks might play active roles in the development and progression of cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0235-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Kecheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), Kunming, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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27
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Fu G, Wei Y, Wang X, Yu L. Identification of candidate causal genes and their associated pathogenic mechanisms underlying teratozoospermia based on the spermatozoa transcript profiles. Andrologia 2015; 48:576-83. [PMID: 26404029 DOI: 10.1111/and.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Teratozoospermia with unclear pathomechanism is one of the common causes for failed fertilisation. This study aimed to further explore the pathological mechanism for teratozoospermia. Spermatozoal transcript profiles generated from 13 normal fertile men and eight infertile males with a consistent severe heterogeneous teratozoospermia were used. These data were pre-processed, and differentially expressed genes were screened. Besides, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed, and then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and spermatogenesis-related genes in the PPI network were extracted. As a result, 366 up-regulated and 2158 down-regulated genes were identified. Multiple gene ontology terms and pathways including cell-cell signalling and reproduction enriched by differentially expressed genes were obtained. Moreover, four clusters including cluster 1 associated with RNA catabolic process were identified from the PPI network. In addition, genes including cyclin B1, proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4, Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 and pituitary tumour-transforming 1 were received. In conclusion, abnormal expression of cyclin B1 and Rac GTPase-activating protein 1, still proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4 and pituitary tumour-transforming 1 would impede cell cycle progression during sperm development and maturation, which may contribute to the occurrence and development of teratozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Yeh CM, Sung WW, Lai HW, Hsieh MJ, Yen HH, Su TC, Chang WH, Chen CY, Ko JL, Chen CJ. Opposing prognostic roles of nuclear and cytoplasmic RACGAP1 expression in colorectal cancer patients. Hum Pathol 2015; 47:45-51. [PMID: 26508373 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) plays a regulatory role in initiation of cytokinesis, control of cell growth and differentiation, and tumor malignancy, making it a potential prognostic biomarker. RACGAP1 is present in the nucleus, but a diffuse distribution in the cytoplasm also occurs. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of RACGAP1 on clinical outcome to provide further evidence of a role in colorectal cancer. RACGAP1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 166 cancer specimens from primary colorectal cancer patients. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 5.4 years (range, 0.01-13.10 years). The prognostic value of RACGAP1 on overall survival was validated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. RACGAP1 is expressed in colorectal specimen and is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in different amounts. Colorectal cancer patients had opposite prognoses depending on the site of RACGAP1 expression. Patients with high nuclear RACGAP1 expression had poor outcomes, whereas those with high cytoplasmic RACGAP1 expression had favorable prognosis (P = .003 and P = .001, respectively). Patients with low nuclear but high cytoplasmic RACGAP1 expression had better survival compared with those with other combinations (P < .001). We suggest that RACGAP1 expression levels in the nucleus and cytoplasm, determined by immunohistochemical staining, predict opposite clinical outcomes and that both could be independent prognostic markers for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Lai
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan; Department of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Su
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan.
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Hazar-Rethinam M, de Long LM, Gannon OM, Boros S, Vargas AC, Dzienis M, Mukhopadhyay P, Saenz-Ponce N, Dantzic DDE, Simpson F, Saunders NA. RacGAP1 Is a Novel Downstream Effector of E2F7-Dependent Resistance to Doxorubicin and Is Prognostic for Overall Survival in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1939-50. [PMID: 26018753 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that E2F7 contributes to drug resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Considering that dysregulation of responses to chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity is one of the major reasons for treatment failure in HNSCC, identifying the downstream effectors that regulate E2F7-dependent sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents may have direct clinical impact. We used transcriptomic profiling to identify candidate pathways that contribute to E2F7-dependent resistance to doxorubicin. We then manipulated the expression of the candidate pathway using overexpression and knockdown in in vitro and in vivo models of SCC to demonstrate causality. In addition, we examined the expression of E2F7 and RacGAP1 in a custom tissue microarray (TMA) generated from HNSCC patient samples. Transcriptomic profiling identified RacGAP1 as a potential mediator of E2F7-dependent drug resistance. We validated E2F7-dependent upregulation of RacGAP1 in doxorubicin-insensitive SCC25 cells. Extending this, we found that selective upregulation of RacGAP1 induced doxorubicin resistance in previously sensitive KJDSV40. Similarly, stable knockdown of RacGAP1 in insensitive SCC25 cells induced sensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. RacGAP1 expression was validated in a TMA, and we showed that HNSCCs that overexpress RacGAP1 are associated with a poorer patient overall survival. Furthermore, E2F7-induced doxorubicin resistance was mediated via RacGAP1-dependent activation of AKT. Finally, we show that SCC cells deficient in RacGAP1 grow slower and are sensitized to the cytotoxic actions of doxorubicin in vivo. These findings identify RacGAP1 overexpression as a novel prognostic marker of survival and a potential target to sensitize SCC to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lilia Merida de Long
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Orla M Gannon
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel Boros
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcin Dzienis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Mukhopadhyay
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalia Saenz-Ponce
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel D E Dantzic
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Vogel CJ, Smit MA, Maddalo G, Possik PA, Sparidans RW, van der Burg SH, Verdegaal EM, Heck AJR, Samatar AA, Beijnen JH, Altelaar AFM, Peeper DS. Cooperative induction of apoptosis in NRAS mutant melanoma by inhibition of MEK and ROCK. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:307-17. [PMID: 25728708 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
No effective targeted therapy is currently available for NRAS mutant melanoma. Experimental MEK inhibition is rather toxic and has only limited efficacy in clinical trials. At least in part, this is caused by the emergence of drug resistance, which is commonly seen for single agent treatment and shortens clinical responses. Therefore, there is a dire need to identify effective companion drug targets for NRAS mutant melanoma. Here, we show that at concentrations where single drugs had little effect, ROCK inhibitors GSK269962A or Fasudil, in combination with either MEK inhibitor GSK1120212 (Trametinib) or ERK inhibitor SCH772984 cooperatively caused proliferation inhibition and cell death in vitro. Simultaneous inhibition of MEK and ROCK caused induction of BimEL , PARP, and Puma, and hence apoptosis. In vivo, MEK and ROCK inhibition suppressed growth of established tumors. Our findings warrant clinical investigation of the effectiveness of combinatorial targeting of MAPK/ERK and ROCK in NRAS mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia J Vogel
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li J, Wang H, Ke H, Ni S. MiR-129 regulates MMP9 to control metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5785-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Imaoka H, Toiyama Y, Saigusa S, Kawamura M, Kawamoto A, Okugawa Y, Hiro J, Tanaka K, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. RacGAP1 expression, increasing tumor malignant potential, as a predictive biomarker for lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:346-54. [PMID: 25568185 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPase-activating protein (RacGAP) 1 plays a key role in controlling various cellular phenomena including cytokinesis, transformation, invasive migration and metastasis. This study investigated the function and clinical significance of RacGAP1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). The intrinsic functions of RacGAP1 in CRC cells were analyzed using small interfering RNA (siRNA). We analyzed RacGAP1 mRNA expression in surgical specimens from 193 CRC patients (Cohort 1) by real-time PCR. Finally, we validated RacGAP1 protein expression using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from 298 CRC patients (Cohort 2) by immunohistochemistry. Reduced RacGAP1 expression by siRNA in CRC cell lines showed significantly decreased cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. In Cohort 1, RacGAP1 expression in CRC was significantly higher than in adjacent normal mucosa and increased according to tumor node metastasis stage progression. High RacGAP1 expression in tumors was significantly associated with progression and prognosis. In Cohort 2, RacGAP1 protein was overexpressed mainly in the nuclei of CRC cells; however, its expression was scarcely observed in normal colorectal mucosa. RacGAP1 protein expression was significantly higher in CRC patients with higher T stage, vessel invasion and lymph node and distant metastasis. Increased expression of RacGAP1 protein was significantly associated with poor disease-free and overall survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that high RacGAP1 expression was an independent predictive marker for lymph node metastasis, recurrence and poor prognosis in CRC. Our data provide novel evidence for the biological and clinical significance of RacGAP1 as a potential biomarker for identifying patients with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Imaoka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mikio Kawamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Aya Kawamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hiro
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Mohri
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Liu MX, Zhou KC, Cao Y. MCRS1 overexpression, which is specifically inhibited by miR-129*, promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:245. [PMID: 25373388 PMCID: PMC4233086 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although tumor invasion and metastasis are both classical hallmarks of cancer malignancy and the major causes of poor clinical outcomes among cancer patients, the underlying master regulators of invasion and metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we observed that an overexpression of microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1) promotes the invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Furthermore, we sought to systematically investigate the pathophysiological functions and related mechanisms of MCRS1. Methods Retrovirus-mediated RNA interference was employed to knockdown MCRS1 expression in NSCLC cell lines. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot respectively were used to measure levels of mRNA and protein. Further cell permeability assessment, invasion and proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate MCRS1 functions in vitro while nude mice experiments were performed to examine metastatic capability in vivo. Microarray analysis and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing were respectively carried out for mRNA and miRNA expression profiling, while chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter assay, and miRNA transfection were used to investigate the interaction between MCRS1 and miRNAs. Results MCRS1 knockdown induced morphological alterations, increased monolayer integrity, decreased cellular invasion and metastasis, and attenuated stemness and drug resistance among tested NSCLC cells. The levels of MCRS1 expression were likewise correlated with tumor metastasis among NSCLC patients. We identified differentially expressed genes after MCRS1 silencing, which included cell junction molecules, such as ZO-1, Occludin, E-cadherin, and DSG2. However, these differentially expressed genes were not directly recognized by a transcriptional complex containing MCRS1. Furthermore, we found that MCRS1 binds to the miR-155 promoter and regulates its expression, as well as MCRS1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis through the up-regulation of miR-155. Systematic investigations ultimately showed that MCRS1 was directly and negatively regulated by the binding of miR-129* to its 3’-UTR, with miR-129* overexpression suppressing the growth and invasion of NSCLC cells. Conclusions MiR-129* down-regulation induced MCRS1 overexpression, which promotes EMT and invasion/metastasis of NSCLC cells through both the up-regulation of miR-155 and down-regulation of cell junction molecules. This miR-129*/MCRS1/miR-155 axis provides a new angle in understanding the basis for the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-245) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Wu MJ, Ke PY, Horng JT. RacGTPase-activating protein 1 interacts with hepatitis C virus polymerase NS5B to regulate viral replication. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:19-24. [PMID: 25305482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-strand RNA virus responsible for chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RacGTPase-activating protein 1 (RacGAP1) plays an important role during GTP hydrolysis to GDP in Rac1 and CDC42 protein and has been demonstrated to be upregulated in several cancers, including HCC. However, the molecular mechanism leading to the upregulation of RacGAP1 remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that RacGAP1 levels were enhanced in HCV cell-culture-derived (HCVcc) infection. More importantly, we illustrated that RacGAP1 interacts with the viral protein NS5B in mammalian cells. The small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of RacGAP1 in human hepatoma cell lines inhibited replication of HCV RNA, protein, and production of infectious particles of HCV genotype 2a strain JFH1. Conversely, these were reversed by the expression of a siRNA-resistant RacGAP1 recombinant protein. In addition, viral protein NS5B polymerase activity was significantly reduced by silencing RacGAP1 and, vice versa, was increased by overexpression of RacGAP1 in a cell-based reporter assay. Our results suggest that RacGAP1 plays a crucial role in HCV replication by affecting viral protein NS5B polymerase activity and holds importance for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jhan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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The 58-kda microspherule protein (MSP58) represses human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression and cell proliferation by interacting with telomerase transcriptional element-interacting factor (TEIF). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:565-79. [PMID: 24361335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
58-kDa microspherule protein (MSP58) plays an important role in a variety of cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic effect of MSP58 are not fully understood. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, which encodes an essential component for telomerase activity that is involved in cellular immortalization and transformation, is strictly regulated at the gene transcription level. Our previous study revealed a novel function of MSP58 in cellular senescence. Here we identify telomerase transcriptional element-interacting factor (TEIF) as a novel MSP58-interacting protein and determine the effect of MSP58 on hTERT transcription. This study thus provides evidence showing MSP58 to be a negative regulator of hTERT expression and telomerase activity. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that MSP58 could suppress the transcription ofhTERTpromoter. Additionally, stable overexpression of MSP58 protein in HT1080 and 293T cells decreased both endogenous hTERT expression and telomerase activity. Conversely, their upregulation was induced by MSP58 silencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that MSP58 binds to the hTERT proximal promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of MSP58 inhibited TEIF-mediated hTERT transactivation, telomerase activation, and cell proliferation promotion. The inhibitory effect of MSP58 occurred through inhibition of TEIF binding to DNA. Ultimately, the HT1080-implanted xenograft mouse model confirmed these cellular effects. Together, our findings provide new insights into both the biological function of MSP58 and the regulation of telomerase/hTERT expression.
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Chang YC, Hsiao YM, Wu MF, Ou CC, Lin YW, Lue KH, Ko JL. Interruption of lung cancer cell migration and proliferation by fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-fve from Flammulina velutipes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12044-12052. [PMID: 24274472 DOI: 10.1021/jf4030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
FIP-fve is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Flammulina velutipes that possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. However, little is known about its anticancer effects. It is suppressed cell proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells on MTT assay following 48 h treatment of FIP-fve. FIP-fve treatment also resulted in cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis on flow cytometry. This immunomodulatory protein was observed to increase p53 expression, as well as the expression of its downstream gene p21, on Western blot. FIP-fve inhibited migration of A549 cells on wound healing assay and decreased filopodia fiber formation on labeling with Texas Red-X phalloidin. To confirm the effect of FIP-fve on the role of Rac1 in filopodia formation, we investigated the activity of Rac1 in A549 cells following FIP-fve treatment. FIP-fve inhibited EGF-induced activation of Rac1. We demonstrated that FIP-fve decreases RACGAP1 mRNA and protein levels on RT-PCR and Western blot. In addition, the reporter activity of RACGAP1 was reduced by FIP-fve on RacGAP1 promoter assay. Silencing of RacGAP1 decreased cell migration, and overexpression of RacGAP1 increased cell migration in A549 cells. In conclusion, FIP-fve inhibits lung cancer cell migration via RacGAP1 and suppresses the proliferation of A549 via p53 activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung 40203, Taiwan
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Han SS, Tompkins VS, Son DJ, Kamberos NL, Stunz LL, Halwani A, Bishop GA, Janz S. Piperlongumine inhibits LMP1/MYC-dependent mouse B-lymphoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:660-5. [PMID: 23764397 PMCID: PMC3749779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), isolated from the fruit of Long pepper, Piper longum, is a cancer-inhibiting compound that selectively kills tumor cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Here we evaluated the efficacy with which PL suppresses malignant B cells derived from a newly developed, double-transgenic mouse model of human endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL), designated mCD40-LMP1/iMyc(Eμ). PL inhibited tumor cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis of neoplastic but not normal B cells. Treatment with PL resulted in downregulation of EBV-encoded LMP1, cellular Myc, constitutive NF-κB activity, and a host of LMP1-Myc-NF-κB-regulated target genes including Aurka, Bcat1, Bub1b, Ccnb1, Chek1, Fancd2, Tfrc and Xrcc6. Of note, p21(Cip1)-encoding Cdkn1a was suppressed independent of changes in Trp53 mRNA levels and p53 DNA-binding activity. Considering the central role of the LMP1-NF-κB-Myc axis in B-lineage neoplasia, these findings further our understanding of the mechanisms by which PL inhibits B-lymphoma and provide a preclinical rationale for the inclusion of PL in new interventions in blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Su Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Van S. Tompkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dong-Ju Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natalie L. Kamberos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Laura L. Stunz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ahmad Halwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gail A. Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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