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Han J, Zuo J, Zhang X, Wang L, Li D, Wang Y, Liu J, Feng L. TRIM29 is differentially expressed in colorectal cancers of different primary locations and affects survival by regulating tumor immunity based on retrospective study and bioinformatics analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:1132-1151. [PMID: 35837175 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, different primary tumor locations caused distinct prognosis and clinicopathological features. It is necessary to identify specific tumor markers according tumor site. Our previous work has identified differentially expressed genes between CRC and adjacent normal tissues, in which only TRIM29 was differently expressed between right colon cancer (RCC) and left colon cancer (LCC) patients. Rectal cancer (RECC) was not included in this latter study and the effects of TRIM29 on the survival with RCC and LCC patients were not investigated. This study further verified TRIM29 expression through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and our retrospective study. The role of TRIM29 on survival according tumor sites was also explored. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of TRIM29 were explored. Methods The GEO dataset was used to confirm the differential expression of TRIM29 in proximal and distal cancers. Moreover, TRIM29 were assess using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 227 cases to observe the correlation between TRIM29 and tumor site. The relationship between TRIM29 and the clinicopathologic features was investigated according tumor sites. Furthermore, the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to assess the prognostic value of TRIM29. Finally, bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the molecular mechanisms. The Tumor-Immune System Interactions and Drug Bank database (TISIDB) was used to analyze the correlations between TRIM29 expression and tumor immune functions. The correlation of TRIM29 with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or mismatch-repair-proficient/mismatch-repair-deficient (pMMR/dMMR) status was also investigated. Results TRIM29 expression was significantly higher in patients with RCC (P<0.001). RCC patients with high TRIM29 tended to be older, male, in stage III-IV, with N+ staging, and intestinal obstruction (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.010, respectively). High TRIM29 expression was associated with an increased risk of recurrence/metastasis and death, only in RCC patients (P=0.020 and P<0.001). Functional annotations and immune activity analysis showed that TRIM29 is related to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and immune dysfunction. Conclusions TRIM29 plays varying roles in patients with different tumor sites. TRIM29 is correlated with the clinicopathological features and prognosis in RCC patients. Indeed, TRIM29 may serve as a new biomarker for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Vaish V, Kim J, Shim M. Jagged-2 (JAG2) enhances tumorigenicity and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53262-53275. [PMID: 28881809 PMCID: PMC5581108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Recent studies have stated that NOTCH signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of CRC. However, the role of Jagged-2 (JAG2), one of the NOTCH ligands, has not been delineated in colorectal tumorigenesis and drug resistance. In the present study, we have examined the impact of targeting JAG2 on CRC cells. Among all the members of NOTCH ligands, only the expression of JAG2 was found up-regulated in the intestinal tumors of Apc Min /+ mice as compared to the nearby normal mucosa. JAG2 expression was also observed in a panel of human CRC cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of β-catenin in CRC cell lines suppressed JAG2 expression, suggesting Wnt/β-catenin regulation of JAG2 expression. In addition, deletion of Apc gene in the intestinal cells of Apc conditional knockout mice resulted in up-regulation of JAG2 expression. Modulation of JAG2 expression significantly affected in vivo tumorigenicity of CRC cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of JAG2 sensitized CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents, while ectopic expression of JAG2 increased chemoresistance of the CRC cells. Significant down-regulation of p21 was observed in JAG2-knockdown cells. Forced expression of p21 rescued the sensitivity of JAG2-knockdown cells to doxorubicin. In addition, the chemosensitivity of p21-null cells was not affected by JAG2 knockdown. These results suggest that JAG2 modulates the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents through p21. Our study identifies JAG2 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Vaish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Present address: Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Joohwee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA
| | - Minsub Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA
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Yang J, Du XL, Li ST, Wang BY, Wu YY, Chen ZL, Lv M, Shen YW, Wang X, Dong DF, Li D, Wang F, Li EX, Yi M, Yang J. Characteristics of Differently Located Colorectal Cancers Support Proximal and Distal Classification: A Population-Based Study of 57,847 Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167540. [PMID: 27936129 PMCID: PMC5147913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that colorectal cancer be regarded as several subgroups defined according to tumor location rather than as a single entity. The current study aimed to identify the most useful method for grouping colorectal cancer by tumor location according to both baseline and survival characteristics. Methods Cases of pathologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 2000 to 2012 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and categorized into three groups: right colon cancer (RCC), left colon cancer (LCC), and rectal cancer (ReC). Adjusted hazard ratios for known predictors of disease-specific survival (DSS) in colorectal cancer were obtained using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results The study included 57847 patients: 43.5% with RCC, 37.7% with LCC, and 18.8% with ReC. Compared with LCC and ReC, RCC was more likely to affect old patients and women, and to be at advanced stage, poorly differentiated or un-differentiated, and mucinous. Patients with LCC or ReC had better DSS than those with RCC in subgroups including stage III or IV disease, age ≤70 years and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. Conversely, patients with LCC or ReC had worse DSS than those with RCC in subgroups including age ˃70 years and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Conclusions RCC differed from both LCC and ReC in several clinicopathologic characteristics and in DSS. It seems reasonable to group colorectal cancer into right-sided (i.e., proximal) and left-sided (i.e., distal) ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang lin Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shu ting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bi yuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yin ying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhe ling Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan wei Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dan feng Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - En xiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JY); (MY)
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (MY)
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