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Sun K, Jin L, Karolová J, Vorwerk J, Hailfinger S, Opalka B, Zapukhlyak M, Lenz G, Khandanpour C. Combination Treatment Targeting mTOR and MAPK Pathways Has Synergistic Activity in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082373. [PMID: 37190302 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable, malignant B cell disorder characterized by frequent relapses and a poor prognosis. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are warranted. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a key role in many critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation and survival. Activated PI3K/AKT (protein kinases B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling has been identified in MM primary patient samples and cell lines. In this study, the efficacy of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors in various MM cell lines representing three different prognostic subtypes was tested. Whereas MM cell lines were rather resistant to PI3K inhibition, treatment with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus decreases the phosphorylation of key molecules in the PI3K pathway in MM cell lines, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and thus reduced proliferation. Strikingly, the efficacy of temsirolimus was amplified by combining the treatment with the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib. Our findings provide a scientific rationale for the simultaneous inhibition of mTOR and MEK as a novel strategy for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Sun
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Karolová
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vorwerk
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Myroslav Zapukhlyak
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Quist-Løkken I, Andersson-Rusch C, Kastnes MH, Kolos JM, Jatzlau J, Hella H, Olsen OE, Sundan A, Knaus P, Hausch F, Holien T. FKBP12 is a major regulator of ALK2 activity in multiple myeloma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:25. [PMID: 36717825 PMCID: PMC9885706 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunophilin FKBP12 binds to TGF-β family type I receptors, including the BMP type I receptor ALK2. FKBP12 keeps the type I receptor in an inactive state and controls signaling activity. Removal of FKBP12 with drugs such as the FKBP-ligand FK506 enhances BMP activity in various cell types. In multiple myeloma cells, activation of SMAD1/5/8 leads to apoptosis. We hypothesized that removing FKBP12 from ALK2 in myeloma cells would potentiate BMP-induced ALK2-SMAD1/5/8 activity and in consequence cell death. METHODS Multiple myeloma cell lines were treated with FK506, or other FKBP-binding compounds, combined with different BMPs before analyzing SMAD1/5/8 activity and cell viability. SMAD1/5/8 activity was also investigated using a reporter cell line, INA-6 BRE-luc. To characterize the functional signaling receptor complex, we genetically manipulated receptor expression by siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. RESULTS FK506 potentiated BMP-induced SMAD1/5/8 activation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. By using FKBP-binding compounds with different affinity profiles, and siRNA targeting FKBP12, we show that the FK506 effect is mediated by binding to FKBP12. Ligands that typically signal via ALK3 in myeloma cells, BMP2, BMP4, and BMP10, did not induce apoptosis in cells lacking ALK3. Notably, BMP10 competed with BMP6 and BMP9 and antagonized their activity via ALK2. However, upon addition of FK506, we saw a surprising shift in specificity, as the ALK3 ligands gained the ability to signal via ALK2 and induce apoptosis. This indicates that the receptor complex can switch from an inactive non-signaling complex (NSC) to an active one by adding FK506. This gain of activity was also seen in other cell types, indicating that the observed effects have broader relevance. BMP2, BMP4 and BMP10 depended on BMPR2 as type II receptor to signal, which contrasts with BMP6 and BMP9, that activate ALK2 more potently when BMPR2 is knocked down. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data suggest that FKBP12 is a major regulator of ALK2 activity in multiple myeloma cells, partly by switching an NSC into an active signaling complex. FKBP12 targeting compounds devoid of immunosuppressing activity could have potential in novel treatment strategies aiming at reducing multiple myeloma tumor load. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Quist-Løkken
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clara Andersson-Rusch
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Haugrud Kastnes
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jürgen Markus Kolos
- grid.6546.10000 0001 0940 1669Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanne Hella
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddrun Elise Olsen
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Hematology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Petra Knaus
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- grid.6546.10000 0001 0940 1669Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Toril Holien
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Hematology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Giliberto M, Santana LM, Holien T, Misund K, Nakken S, Vodak D, Hovig E, Meza-Zepeda LA, Coward E, Waage A, Taskén K, Skånland SS. Mutational analysis and protein profiling predict drug sensitivity in multiple myeloma cell lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1040730. [PMID: 36523963 PMCID: PMC9745900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease where cancer-driver mutations and aberrant signaling may lead to disease progression and drug resistance. Drug responses vary greatly, and there is an unmet need for biomarkers that can guide precision cancer medicine in this disease. METHODS To identify potential predictors of drug sensitivity, we applied integrated data from drug sensitivity screening, mutational analysis and functional signaling pathway profiling in 9 cell line models of MM. We studied the sensitivity to 33 targeted drugs and their association with the mutational status of cancer-driver genes and activity level of signaling proteins. RESULTS We found that sensitivity to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors correlated with mutations in NRAS/KRAS, and PI3K family genes, respectively. Phosphorylation status of MEK1 and protein kinase B (AKT) correlated with sensitivity to MEK and PI3K inhibition, respectively. In addition, we found that enhanced phosphorylation of proteins, including Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), as well as high expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), correlated with low sensitivity to MEK inhibitors. DISCUSSION Taken together, this study shows that mutational status and signaling protein profiling might be used in further studies to predict drug sensitivities and identify resistance markers in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaserena Giliberto
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo Miranda Santana
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigve Nakken
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Vodak
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Coward
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid S. Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Melvold K, Giliberto M, Karlsen L, Ayuda‐Durán P, Hanes R, Holien T, Enserink J, Brown JR, Tjønnfjord GE, Taskén K, Skånland SS. Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL levels predict responsiveness to dual MEK/Bcl-2 inhibition in B-cell malignancies. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1153-1170. [PMID: 34861096 PMCID: PMC8895453 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) initially respond to targeted therapies, but eventually relapse and develop resistance. Novel treatment strategies are therefore needed to improve patient outcomes. Here, we performed direct drug testing on primary CLL cells and identified synergy between eight different mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors and the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) antagonist venetoclax. Drug sensitivity was independent of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene variable region (IGVH) and tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutational status, and CLL cells from idelalisib-resistant patients remained sensitive to the treatment. This suggests that combined MEK/Bcl-2 inhibition may be an option for high-risk CLL. To test whether sensitivity could be detected in other B-cell malignancies, we performed drug testing on cell line models of CLL (n = 4), multiple myeloma (MM; n = 8), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; n = 7). Like CLL, MM cells were sensitive to the MEK inhibitor trametinib, and synergy was observed with venetoclax. In contrast, MCL cells were unresponsive to MEK inhibition. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the disease-specific drug sensitivities, we performed flow cytometry-based high-throughput profiling of 31 signaling proteins and regulators of apoptosis in the 19 cell lines. We found that high expression of the antiapoptotic proteins myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) or B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) predicted low sensitivity to trametinib + venetoclax. The low sensitivity could be overcome by combined treatment with an Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL inhibitor. Our findings suggest that MEK/Bcl-2 inhibition has therapeutic potential in leukemia and myeloma, and demonstrate that protein expression levels can serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Melvold
- Department of Cancer ImmunologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell MalignanciesInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Mariaserena Giliberto
- Department of Cancer ImmunologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell MalignanciesInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Linda Karlsen
- Department of Cancer ImmunologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell MalignanciesInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Pilar Ayuda‐Durán
- Faculty of MedicineCentre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
| | - Robert Hanes
- Faculty of MedicineCentre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion MedicineSt. Olav’s University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of HematologySt. Olav’s University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Jorrit Enserink
- Faculty of MedicineCentre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesDepartment of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Geir E. Tjønnfjord
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell MalignanciesInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Department of HaematologyOslo University HospitalNorway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer ImmunologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell MalignanciesInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Sigrid S. Skånland
- Department of Cancer ImmunologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell MalignanciesInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
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Elsaadi S, Steiro I, Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Yang R, Slørdahl TS, Rø TB, Menu E, Sponaas AM, Børset M. Targeting phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33397437 PMCID: PMC7784327 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. To date, this disease is still incurable and novel therapeutic approaches are required. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo serine synthesis pathway, and it has been attributed to bortezomib-resistance in MM. METHODS Two different PHGDH inhibitors, CBR5884 and NCT-503, were tested against human myeloma cell lines, primary MM cells from patients, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. The PHGDH inhibitors were then tested in combination with proteasome inhibitors in different MM cell lines, including proteasome-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we confirmed the effects of PHGDH inhibition through knocking down PHGDH and the effect of NCT-503 in vivo in the 5T33MM mouse model. RESULTS All the tested myeloma cell lines expressed PHGDH and were sensitive to doses of NCT-503 that were tolerated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. Upon testing bortezomib in combination with NCT-503, we noticed a clear synergy in several HMCLs. The sensitivity to bortezomib also increased after PHGDH knockdown, mimicking the effect of NCT-503 treatment. Interestingly, targeting PHGDH reduced the intracellular redox capacity of the cells. Furthermore, combination treatment with NCT-503 and bortezomib exhibited a therapeutic advantage in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the therapeutic potential of targeting PHGDH in MM, and suggest it as a way to overcome the resistance to proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Elsaadi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ida Steiro
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pegah Abdollahi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten N Vandsemb
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Baade Rø
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Chemical, Physical and Biological Triggers of Evolutionary Conserved Bcl-xL-Mediated Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061694. [PMID: 32630560 PMCID: PMC7352625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evidence that pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors prematurely kill virus-infected or RNA/DNA-transfected cells provides rationale for investigating these apoptotic inducers further. We hypothesized that not only invasive RNA or DNA (biological factors) but also DNA/RNA-damaging chemical or physical factors could trigger apoptosis that have been sensitized with pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific agents; Methods: We tested chemical and physical factors plus Bcl-xL-specific inhibitor A-1155463 in cells of various origins and the small roundworms (C. elegans); Results: We show that combination of a A-1155463 along with a DNA-damaging agent, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), prematurely kills cells of various origins as well as C. elegans. The synergistic effect is p53-dependent and associated with the release of Bad and Bax from Bcl-xL, which trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Furthermore, we found that combining Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors with various chemical compounds or physical insults also induced cell death; Conclusions: Thus, we were able to identify several biological, chemical and physical triggers of the evolutionarily conserved Bcl-xL-mediated apoptotic pathway, shedding light on strategies and targets for novel drug development.
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Westhrin M, Holien T, Zahoor M, Moen SH, Buene G, Størdal B, Hella H, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Martens A, Groen RW, Bosch F, Smith U, Sponaas AM, Sundan A, Standal T. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Gene Therapy in Mice Inhibits Myeloma Tumor Growth, But Has a Negative Impact on Bone. JBMR Plus 2019; 4:e10247. [PMID: 31956851 PMCID: PMC6957984 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Most patients suffer from an osteolytic bone disease, caused by increased bone degradation and reduced bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is important for both pre‐ and postnatal bone formation and induces growth arrest and apoptosis of myeloma cells. BMP4‐treatment of myeloma patients could have the potential to reduce tumor growth and restore bone formation. We therefore explored BMP4 gene therapy in a human‐mouse model of multiple myeloma where humanized bone scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in RAG2−/− γC−/−mice. Mice were treated with adeno‐associated virus serotype 8 BMP4 vectors (AAV8‐BMP4) to express BMP4 in the liver. When mature BMP4 was detectable in the circulation, myeloma cells were injected into the scaffolds and tumor growth was examined by weekly imaging. Strikingly, the tumor burden was reduced in AAV8‐BMP4 mice compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice, suggesting that increased circulating BMP4 reduced tumor growth. BMP4‐treatment also prevented bone loss in the scaffolds, most likely due to reduced tumor load. To delineate the effects of BMP4 overexpression on bone per se, without direct influence from cancer cells, we examined the unaffected, non‐myeloma femurs by μCT. Surprisingly, the AAV8‐BMP4 mice had significantly reduced trabecular bone volume, trabecular numbers, as well as significantly increased trabecular separation compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice. There was no difference in cortical bone parameters between the two groups. Taken together, BMP4 gene therapy inhibited myeloma tumor growth, but also reduced the amount of trabecular bone in mice. Our data suggest that care should be taken when considering using BMP4 as a therapeutic agent. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Westhrin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Siv Helen Moen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Glenn Buene
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Berit Størdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV Bilthoven The Netherlands.,The School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Anton Martens
- Department of Hematology Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Richard Wj Groen
- Department of Hematology Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid Spain
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway
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8
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Olsen OE, Sankar M, Elsaadi S, Hella H, Buene G, Darvekar SR, Misund K, Katagiri T, Knaus P, Holien T. BMPR2 inhibits activin and BMP signaling via wild-type ALK2. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213512. [PMID: 29739878 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/BMP superfamily ligands require heteromeric complexes of type 1 and 2 receptors for ligand-dependent downstream signaling. Activin A, a TGF-β superfamily member, inhibits growth of multiple myeloma cells, but the mechanism for this is unknown. We therefore aimed to clarify how activins affect myeloma cell survival. Activin A activates the transcription factors SMAD2/3 through the ALK4 type 1 receptor, but may also activate SMAD1/5/8 through mutated variants of the type 1 receptor ALK2 (also known as ACVR1). We demonstrate that activin A and B activate SMAD1/5/8 in myeloma cells through endogenous wild-type ALK2. Knockdown of the type 2 receptor BMPR2 strongly potentiated activin A- and activin B-induced activation of SMAD1/5/8 and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, activity of BMP6, BMP7 or BMP9, which may also signal via ALK2, was potentiated by knockdown of BMPR2. Similar results were seen in HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. We propose that BMPR2 inhibits ALK2-mediated signaling by preventing ALK2 from oligomerizing with the type 2 receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B, which are necessary for activation of ALK2 by activins and several BMPs. In conclusion, BMPR2 could be explored as a possible target for therapy in patients with multiple myeloma.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddrun Elise Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Meenu Sankar
- School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Samah Elsaadi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Glenn Buene
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sagar Ramesh Darvekar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway .,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Zatula A, Dikic A, Mulder C, Sharma A, Vågbø CB, Sousa MML, Waage A, Slupphaug G. Proteome alterations associated with transformation of multiple myeloma to secondary plasma cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19427-19442. [PMID: 28038447 PMCID: PMC5386695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm that may either originate de novo (primary PCL) or by leukemic transformation of multiple myeloma (MM) to secondary PCL (sPCL). The prognosis of sPCL is very poor, and currently no standard treatment is available due to lack of prospective clinical studies. In an attempt to elucidate factors contributing to transformation, we have performed super-SILAC quantitative proteome profiling of malignant plasma cells collected from the same patient at both the MM and sPCL stages of the disease. 795 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the MM and sPCL samples. Gene ontology analysis indicated a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis in sPCL as well as marked down-regulation of enzymes involved in glycan synthesis, potentially mediating altered glycosylation of surface receptors. There was no significant change in overall genomic 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the two stages, indicating that epigenetic dysregulation was not a major driver of transformation to sPCL. The present study constitutes the first attempt to provide a comprehensive map of the altered protein expression profile accompanying transformation of MM to sPCL in a single patient, identifying several candidate proteins that can be targeted by currently available small molecule drugs. Our dataset furthermore constitutes a reference dataset for further proteomic analysis of sPCL transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Zatula
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aida Dikic
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Celine Mulder
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Present address: University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Cathrine B Vågbø
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, Department of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
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