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Yang XX, Gao F, Ding R, Wei J, Zhu XM, Gong QX. Small blue round cell tumor with focal epithelial differentiation harboring a novel YAP1::LEUTX fusion with poor prognosis. Virchows Arch 2024; 485:365-369. [PMID: 38850328 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xi Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ru Ding
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qi-Xing Gong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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2
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Mao Z, Gao Z, Long R, Guo H, Chen L, Huan S, Yin G. Mitotic catastrophe heterogeneity: implications for prognosis and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1409448. [PMID: 39015573 PMCID: PMC11250588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1409448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The mitotic catastrophe (MC) pathway plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation. However, the mechanisms linking MC heterogeneity to immune evasion and treatment response remain unclear. Methods Based on 94 previously published highly correlated genes for MC, HCC patients' data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and changes in immune signatures and prognostic stratification were studied. Time and spatial-specific differences for MCGs were assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome (ST) analysis. Multiple external databases (GEO, ICGC) were employed to construct an MC-related riskscore model. Results Identification of two MC-related subtypes in HCC patients from TCGA, with clear differences in immune signatures and prognostic risk stratification. Spatial mapping further associates low MC tumor regions with significant immune escape-related signaling. Nomogram combining MC riskscore and traditional indicators was validated great effect for early prediction of HCC patient outcomes. Conclusion MC heterogeneity enables immune escape and therapy resistance in HCC. The MC gene signature serves as a reliable prognostic indicator for liver cancer. By revealing clear immune and spatial heterogeneity of HCC, our integrated approach provides contextual therapeutic strategies for optimal clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyu Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Huan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoping Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Motta M, Barresi S, Pizzi S, Bifano D, Lopez Marti J, Garrido-Pontnou M, Flex E, Bruselles A, Giovannoni I, Rotundo G, Fragale A, Tirelli V, Vallese S, Ciolfi A, Bisogno G, Alaggio R, Tartaglia M. RAF1 gene fusions are recurrent driver events in infantile fibrosarcoma-like mesenchymal tumors. J Pathol 2024; 263:166-177. [PMID: 38629245 DOI: 10.1002/path.6272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Infantile fibrosarcomas (IFS) and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) are rare myofibroblastic tumors of infancy and early childhood commonly harboring the ETV6::NTRK3 gene fusion. IFS/CMN are considered as tumors with an 'intermediate prognosis' as they are locally aggressive, but rarely metastasize, and generally have a favorable outcome. A fraction of IFS/CMN-related neoplasms are negative for the ETV6::NTRK3 gene rearrangement and are characterized by other chimeric proteins promoting MAPK signaling upregulation. In a large proportion of these tumors, which are classified as IFS-like mesenchymal neoplasms, the contributing molecular events remain to be identified. Here, we report three distinct rearrangements involving RAF1 among eight ETV6::NTRK3 gene fusion-negative tumors with an original histological diagnosis of IFS/CMN. The three fusion proteins retain the entire catalytic domain of the kinase. Two chimeric products, GOLGA4::RAF1 and LRRFIP2::RAF1, had previously been reported as driver events in different cancers, whereas the third, CLIP1::RAF1, represents a novel fusion protein. We demonstrate that CLIP1::RAF1 acts as a bona fide oncoprotein promoting cell proliferation and migration through constitutive upregulation of MAPK signaling. We show that the CLIP1::RAF1 hyperactive behavior does not require RAS activation and is mediated by constitutive 14-3-3 protein-independent dimerization of the chimeric protein. As previously reported for the ETV6::NTRK3 fusion protein, CLIP1::RAF1 similarly upregulates PI3K-AKT signaling. Our findings document that RAF1 gene rearrangements represent a recurrent event in ETV6::NTRK3-negative IFS/CMN and provide a rationale for the use of inhibitors directed to suppress MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling in these cancers. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Motta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Delfina Bifano
- Pathology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Jennifer Lopez Marti
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional de Pediatria Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovannina Rotundo
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Vallese
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Wu H, Laskin WB. Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma. Surg Pathol Clin 2024; 17:83-96. [PMID: 38278610 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
MIFS is a low-grade fibroblastic sarcoma that predilects to superficial distal extremity soft tissue. It is composed of plump spindled and epithelioid cells, inflammatory infiltrates, and mucin deposits in a fibrosclerotic stroma. Large epithelioid cells harboring bizarre nuclei and virocyte-like macronucleoli and pleomorphic pseudolipoblasts are characteristic. While conventional MIFS has locally recurrent potential but minimal metastatic risk, tumors with high-grade histologic features have a greater risk for recurrence and metastasis. Wide local excision is the recommended treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William B Laskin
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Nishio J, Nakayama S, Aoki M. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Management of Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1127. [PMID: 38256198 PMCID: PMC10816835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is an infiltrative, locally aggressive fibroblastic neoplasm of intermediate malignancy that typically arises in the distal extremities of middle-aged adults. It can histologically be confused with a number of benign and malignant conditions. Recently, high-grade examples of MIFS have been described. Immunohistochemistry plays a very limited role in the diagnosis of MIFS. Several genetic alterations have been identified in MIFS, including a t(1;10)(p22;q24) translocation with TGFBR3 and/or OGA rearrangements, BRAF rearrangement, and VGLL3 amplification. Although it appears that VGLL3 amplification is the most consistent alteration, the molecular pathogenesis of MIFS remains poorly understood. A wide resection is considered the standard treatment for MIFS. Radiotherapy may be a viable option in cases with inadequate surgical margins or cases where surgery is likely to cause significant functional impairment. The systemic treatment options for advanced or metastatic disease are very limited. This review provides an updated overview of the clinicoradiological features, pathogenesis, histopathology, and treatment of MIFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishio
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Shizuhide Nakayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
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Linos K, Dermawan JK, Pulitzer M, Hameed M, Agaram NP, Agaimy A, Antonescu CR. Untying the Gordian knot of composite hemangioendothelioma: Discovery of novel fusions. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23198. [PMID: 37658696 PMCID: PMC10842102 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite hemangioendothelioma is a rare, locally aggressive, and rarely metastasizing vascular neoplasm which affects both children and adults. Recently, a number of gene fusions including YAP1::MAML2, PTBP1::MAML2, and EPC1::PHC2 have been detected in a small subset of cases with or without neuroendocrine expression. Herein, we present four additional cases with novel in-frame fusions. The cohort comprises two females and two males with a wide age range at diagnosis (24-80 years). Two tumors were deep involving the right brachial plexus and mediastinum, while the remaining were superficial (right plantar foot and abdominal wall). The size ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 cm in greatest dimension. Morphologically, all tumors had an admixture of at least two architectural patterns including retiform hemangioendothelioma, hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, or angiosarcoma. The tumors were positive for endothelial markers CD31 (3/3), ERG (4/4), and D2-40 (1/4, focal), while SMA was expressed in 2/3 highlighting the surrounding pericytes. Synaptophysin showed immunoreactivity in 2/3 cases. One patient had a local recurrence after 40 months, while two patients had no evidence of disease 4 months post-resection. Targeted RNA sequencing detected novel in-frame fusions in each of the cases: HSPG2::FGFR1, YAP1::FOXR1, ACTB::MAML2, and ARID1B::MAML2. The two cases with neuroendocrine expression occurred as superficial lesions and harbored YAP1::FOXR1 and ARID1B::MAML2 fusions. Our study expands on the molecular spectrum of this enigmatic tumor, further enhancing our current understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Josephine K. Dermawan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Narasimhan P. Agaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina R. Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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