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Medina-Vadora MM, Plaza-Diaz J, Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Severi C, Lecot C, Ruiz-López MD, Gil Á. A Clustering Study of Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity among Workers of the Uruguayan State Electrical Company. Nutrients 2024; 16:304. [PMID: 38276542 PMCID: PMC10820101 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that certain nutrients, specific food groups, or general dietary patterns (DPs) can promote health and prevent noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCCDs). Both developed and developing countries experience a high prevalence of NCCDs due to poor lifestyle habits, DPs, and low physical activity levels. This study aims to examine the dietary, physical activity, sociodemographic, and lifestyle patterns of Uruguayan State Electrical Company workers (the IN-UTE study). A total of 2194 workers participated in the study, providing information about their sociodemographics, lifestyles, and dietary habits through different questionnaires. To identify DPs from 16 food groups, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. A hierarchical cluster algorithm was used to combine food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables. Four DPs were extracted from the data; the first DP was related to the intake of energy-dense foods, the second DP to the characteristics of the job, the third DP to a Mediterranean-style diet, and the fourth DP to age and body mass index. In addition, cluster analysis involving a larger number of lifestyle variables produced similar results to the PCA. Lifestyle and sociodemographic factors, including night work, working outside, and moderate and intense PA, were significantly correlated with the dietary clusters, suggesting that working conditions, socioeconomic status, and PA may play an important role in determining DPs to some extent. Accordingly, these findings should be used to design lifestyle interventions to reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the UTE population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mercedes Medina-Vadora
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.M.M.-V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero
- Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Severi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
- Uruguayan Society of Collective Health (SUSAC), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Lecot
- Department of Occupational Health, National Administration of Power Plants and Electric Transmissions (UTE), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.M.M.-V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), 18016 Armilla, Spain
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Sopic M, Robinson EL, Emanueli C, Srivastava P, Angione C, Gaetano C, Condorelli G, Martelli F, Pedrazzini T, Devaux Y. Integration of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:16. [PMID: 37140699 PMCID: PMC10158703 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The number of "omics" approaches is continuously growing. Among others, epigenetics has appeared as an attractive area of investigation by the cardiovascular research community, notably considering its association with disease development. Complex diseases such as cardiovascular diseases have to be tackled using methods integrating different omics levels, so called "multi-omics" approaches. These approaches combine and co-analyze different levels of disease regulation. In this review, we present and discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression and provide an integrated view of how these mechanisms are interlinked and regulate the development of cardiac disease, with a particular attention to heart failure. We focus on DNA, histone, and RNA modifications, and discuss the current methods and tools used for data integration and analysis. Enhancing the knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers for precision healthcare and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miron Sopic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Claudio Angione
- School of Computing, Engineering & Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
- Centre for Digital Innovation, Teesside University, Campus Heart, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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3
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Genetic and epigenetic processes linked to cancer. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Air Pollution. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081234. [PMID: 34439482 PMCID: PMC8388875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have increased in the last decades and are expected to further grow in the coming years. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers free radical generation and causes increased oxidative stress, affecting a number of molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways, including the generation of advanced glycation end products, proinflammatory and procoagulant effects, induction of apoptosis, vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction of nitric oxide release, and activation of protein kinase C. Among type 2 diabetes determinants, many data have documented the adverse effects of environmental factors (e.g., air pollutants) through multiple exposure-induced mechanisms (e.g., systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, hypercoagulability, and endothelial and immune responses). Therefore, here we discuss the role of air pollution in oxidative stress-related damage to glycemic metabolism homeostasis, with a particular focus on its impact on health. In this context, the improvement of new advanced tools (e.g., omic techniques and the study of epigenetic changes) may provide a substantial contribution, helping in the evaluation of the individual in his biological totality, and offer a comprehensive assessment of the molecular, clinical, environmental, and epidemiological aspects.
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Abstract
The salient rise of chronic disease from the mid-twentieth century threatens to overwhelm public health systems in an increasing number of countries and is now considered an epidemic. Dry eye disease is an underappreciated disorder that bears all the hallmarks of chronic disease. Preventative health care seeks improved and sustainable patient engagement in the self-management of health to limit the progress and extent of chronic disease. Anthropogenic environments engendering lifestyles and behaviours that can be detrimental to human health, can be considered as direct or indirect threats to successful preventative health strategies. Chronic disease can be viewed as the result of physiological responses of the human body to the modern environment. The quest for an increasingly convenient, global, and disease-free lifestyle is ironically threatening to undo the gains in health and quality of life made over the last one hundred years. Considering dry eye disease as an anthropogenic chronic disease, contributions of diet (food and beverages consumed) and nutrition (extending to relationships with self, community, and nature) to development of dry eye disease are explored in this review. Evidence of environmental and behavioural instigators of chronic disease with an emphasis on production, disbursement, and preservation of food, is presented. Furthermore, evidence of traditional food practices that offer resistance to the development of chronic systemic inflammatory disorders are reviewed as an exemplar of potential strategies that can be put into practice by individuals and communities to reinstate a balanced life, community and planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Tavakoli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judith Louise Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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N M, Am M, M Z, Sh A, F HN, S M. The Effect of B 9 and B 12 Vitamins Deficiency on Hypomethylation of MMP-9 gene Promoter Among Women With Preterm Parturition. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:336-350. [PMID: 34224039 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is one of the problems that pregnant women may encounter during pregnancy. Over-expression of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has the main role in the untimely remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and preterm delivery, but its exact mechanism is unknown. This study was undertaken to examine the methylation and expression patterns of this gene in women delivering preterm and also to analyze the correlation of serum B9 and B12 vitamins levels with expression and methylation of MMP-9 gene. The MMP-9 RNA and protein levels in 50 women delivering preterm and 50 women delivering at term were determined by Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Methylation pattern of this gene was evaluated by Epitect Methyl-II PCR assay and methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes combined with PCR amplification method; then, their correlation with serum B9 and B12 vitamins was studied. Placental MMP-9 RNA and protein levels were higher (P < 0.03, P < 0.01) in women delivering preterm as compared to those delivering at term. We also observed significant hypomethylation of promoter of this gene in preterm samples (P < 0.012). Moreover, significant negative correlation between B9 and B12 vitamins concentration and hypomethylation of MMP-9 gene was seen (r = - 0.68 P < 0.001). Our study suggests an impressive role of deficiency of B9 and B12 vitamins concentration on the hypomethylation and overexpression of MMP-9 gene which may lead to preterm parturition of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeini N
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran
- Faculty of Science, Department of Genetic, Islamic Azad University, Qom branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Momeni Am
- Khatam Medical Genetic Lab, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zargar M
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Qom branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Abotorabi Sh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Habibi Nozari F
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Moghbelinejad S
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran.
- Khatam Medical Genetic Lab, Qazvin, Iran.
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Yue L, Ke K, Amirkhosravi M, Gray TG, Manas-Zloczower I. Catalyst-Free Mechanochemical Recycling of Biobased Epoxy with Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4176-4183. [PMID: 35006830 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical vitrimerization, as a method to recycle cross-linked thermosets by converting the permanent network into a recyclable and reprocessable vitrimer network, inevitably requires a catalyst to accelerate the bond exchange reactions. Here, we demonstrate a catalyst-free approach to achieve the recycling of a cross-linked biobased epoxy into high-performance nanocomposites with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNCs provide abundant free hydroxyl groups to promote the transesterification exchange reactions while also acting as reinforcing fillers for the resultant nanocomposites. This technique introduces an effective way to fabricate high-performance thermoset nanocomposites based on recycled polymers in an ecofriendly way, promoting the recycle and reuse of thermosets as sustainable nanocomposites for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Kent Hale Smith Bldg, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Mehrad Amirkhosravi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Kent Hale Smith Bldg, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ica Manas-Zloczower
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Kent Hale Smith Bldg, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Qi J, Chen Q, Ruan Z, Qian ZM, Yin P, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang C, Yang Y, McMillin SE, Vaughn MG, Wang L, Lin H. Improvement in life expectancy for ischemic heart diseases by achieving daily ambient PM 2.5 standards in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110512. [PMID: 33242488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential impacts of daily ambient fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) exposure on year of life lost (YLL) due to ischemic heart diseases (IHD) remain uncertain. We aimed to estimate the improvement in IHD-related life expectancy by attaining the daily air quality standards of ambient PM2.5 in China. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was based on daily mortality data covering 96 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2016. Regional- and national-associations between IHD-related YLLs and daily PM2.5 were estimated by generalized additive models. We further evaluated the IHD-related avoidable YLLs with an assumption that the daily PM2.5 was below the ambient air quality standards of World Health Organization (WHO) and China, and calculated the improvement of life expectancy by dividing the avoidable YLLs by the overall number of IHD mortality. We totally recorded 1,485,140 IHD deaths from 2013 to 2016. At the national level, we found a positive association between IHD-related YLLs and daily PM2.5. Per 10 μg/m3 increment of four-day averaged ambient PM2.5 related to an increase of 0.40 IHD-related YLLs (95% CI: 0.28, 0.51). By achieving the WHO's air quality guideline, we estimated that an averaged number of 1346.94 (95% CI: 932.61, 1761.27) YLLs can be avoided for the IHD deaths in each city. On average, the life expectancy can be improved by 0.15 years (95% CI: 0.11, 0.19) for each death. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a nationwide picture of the life expectancy improvements by reaching the daily PM2.5 standards in China, indicating that people can live longer in an environment with higher air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Zhao W, Su D, Mo L, Chen C, Ye B, Qin S, Liu J, Pang Y. Lifestyle Clusters and Cardiometabolic Risks in Adolescents: A Chinese School-Based Study Using a Latent Class Analysis Approach. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:728841. [PMID: 34976884 PMCID: PMC8716941 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.728841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors are associated with a higher prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases and higher mortality in adults. However, there remains some uncertainty about the magnitude of the associations between lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular factors in adolescents. Methods: We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study of 895 Chinese adolescents aged 15-19 years. They participated in a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood sample collection. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify heterogeneous subgroups of lifestyle behaviors. A set of 12 latent class indicators, which reflected lifestyle behaviors including dietary habits, physical activity, sleep duration, screen time, and pressure perception, were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether the derived classes were related to a cardiometabolic risk. Results: In total, 13.7 and 5.6% of the participants were overweight and obese, respectively, and 8.4 and 14.1% reported having pre-hypertension and hypertension, respectively. A two-class model provided the best fit with a healthy lifestyle pattern (65.8%) and a sub-healthy lifestyle pattern (34.2%). There were more female participants with a healthy lifestyle (56.2 vs. 43.8%), whereas there were more males with a sub-healthy lifestyle (45.4 vs. 54.6%), (all P = 0.002). Increased risk of cardiometabolic abnormality (BMI categories, blood pressure and lipids) was not significant across lifestyle patterns, except for waist circumference (70.5 vs 69.1 cm, P = 0.044). There was no significant difference in physical activity and intake of fruit and vegetable between the two patterns. Conclusion: Primary prevention based on lifestyle modification should target patterns of behaviors at high risk in adolescents. Due to the complex effect of lifestyle clusters on cardiometabolic risks, well-designed and prospective studies in adolescents are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Danyan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Luxia Mo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingbing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Suyuan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Speer KE, Semple S, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Heart rate variability for determining autonomic nervous system effects of lifestyle behaviors in early life: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2020; 217:112806. [PMID: 31954147 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unhealthy lifestyle negatively alters autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity as reflected by decreased heart rate variability (HRV), increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Research investigating the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on ANS activity in young children is limited. Early identification of these risk factors is vital to improving long-term individual and public health outcomes. A systematic review was conducted to assess the effect of maternal or child modifiable lifestyle factors on child ANS activity. METHODS Following the 2009 PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases were searched from February 2018 - July 2019 for articles describing human trials between 1996 - 2019. Included studies examined ANS activity of children between 28 weeks gestational age - 6 years in relation to modifiable lifestyle CVD risk factors. RESULTS Twenty-six studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies reported that modifiable lifestyle factors significantly influenced the HRV of children. Increased HRV was significantly associated with higher maternal zinc and omega-3 fatty acid intake, regular maternal aerobic exercise and a non-smoking environment. Child diet and body composition demonstrated some support for an association between these modifiable lifestyle factors and child HRV. CONCLUSION There is cross-sectional evidence supporting an association between maternal lifestyle factors and child HRV. Evidence is less supportive of a relationship between child modifiable lifestyle factors and child HRV. Monitoring the effects of lifestyle interventions on the ANS via HRV measurements of both mother and child may identify child CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia.
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences/ University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, (KwaZulu-Natal,) South Africa
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