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Speer K, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Heart rate variability to track autonomic nervous system health in young children: Effects of physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Physiol Behav 2024:114576. [PMID: 38692385 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Evidence for a key role of dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in maladaptive stress response/recovery and non-communicable disease development is extensive. Monitoring ANS activity via regular heart rate variability (HRV) measurement is growing in popularity in adult populations given that low HRV has been associated with ANS dysregulation, poor stress response/reactivity, increased cardiometabolic disease risk and early mortality. Although cardiometabolic disease may originate in early life, regular HRV measurement for assessing ANS activity in childhood populations, especially those consisting of children <6 years of age, remains largely unpractised. A greater understanding of ANS activity modifiers in early life may improve analysis and interpretation of HRV measurements, thereby optimising its usefulness. Taking into consideration that HRV and ANS activity can be improved via daily engagement in physical activity (PA), this review will discuss the ANS and HRV, ANS activity modifiers, cardiometabolic disease risk factors and PA as they relate to childhood/adolescent populations (≤ 18 years old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Speer
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
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Low E, D’Cunha NM, Georgousopoulou E, Naumovski N, Bacon R, Isbel S, Brocklehurst M, Reynolds M, Ryan D, Kellett J. Risk of Social Isolation as a Contributing Factor to Diet Quality in Community-Dwelling Older Persons Living in the Australian Capital Territory-A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:539. [PMID: 38470650 PMCID: PMC10930706 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation is recognised as a risk factor in the inflammatory process. This study explored the association between social isolation and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) in community-dwelling older persons. METHODS This cross-sectional pilot study recruited 107 community-dwelling people aged over 55 years living in the Australian Capital Territory. Participants completed an extensive food frequency questionnaire and provided anthropometric and sociodemographic data. Social isolation was evaluated using the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS). Diet quality was assessed using DII. RESULTS Average age was 70.1 (±8.61) years and 62.8% were female. The average DII score was -1.10 (±1.21), indicating an anti-inflammatory diet. Higher LSNS was associated with lower DII (b (95% CI) = -0.041 (-0.066, -0.17); p < 0.01) and was positively influenced by the number of people in household (b (95% CI) = 5.731 (2.336, 9.127); p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Increased risk of social isolation was associated with an increased tendency towards a more inflammatory diet. Reducing social isolation may decrease the inflammatory component of dietary intake for older persons living independently in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Low
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Rachel Bacon
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Stephen Isbel
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Megan Brocklehurst
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Daena Ryan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jane Kellett
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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Zheng X, Pan F, Naumovski N, Wei Y, Wu L, Peng W, Wang K. Precise prediction of metabolites patterns using machine learning approaches in distinguishing honey and sugar diets fed to mice. Food Chem 2024; 430:136915. [PMID: 37515908 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
As a natural sweetener produced by honey bees, honey was recognized as being healthier for consumption than table sugar. Our previous study also indicated thatmetaboliteprofiles in mice fed honey and mixedsugardiets aredifferent. However, it is still noteworthy about the batch-to-batch consistency of the metabolic differences between two diet types. Here, the machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to complement and calibrate HPLC-QTOF/MS-based untargeted metabolomics data. Data were generated from three batches of mice that had the same treatment, which can further mine the metabolite biomarkers. Random Forest and Extra-Trees models could better discriminate between honey and mixed sugar dietary patterns under five-fold cross-validation. Finally, SHapley Additive exPlanations tool identified phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as reliable metabolic biomarkers to discriminate the honey diet from the mixed sugar diet. This study provides us new ideas for metabolomic analysis of larger data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI), University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Bruce, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China
| | - Liming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Kouvari M, Sergi D, Zec M, Naumovski N. Editorial: Nutrition in prevention and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1212363. [PMID: 37521411 PMCID: PMC10374431 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1212363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manja Zec
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia
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Yang WY, Lim KY, Yen PL, Ong SH, Naumovski N, Jani R. The Association between Consumption of Bitter-taste Vegetables in Asian Culture and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Children: A Narrative Review. Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2023; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
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Bordoni L, Zec M, Naumovski N, Sergi D. Editorial: The role of dietary fatty acids in metabolic health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1211151. [PMID: 37288432 PMCID: PMC10242416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1211151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Manja Zec
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Kouvari M, M. D’Cunha N, Tsiampalis T, Zec M, Sergi D, Travica N, Marx W, McKune AJ, Panagiotakos DB, Naumovski N. Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity, Transition to Metabolically Unhealthy Status and Cognitive Function: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051289. [PMID: 36904288 PMCID: PMC10004783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the association between metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) status and longitudinal cognitive function while also considering the stability of the condition. METHODS In total, 2892 participants (mean age 60.7 (9.4) years) from Framingham Offspring Study completed health assessments every four years since 1971. Neuropsychological testing was repeated every four years starting from 1999 (Exam 7) to 2014 (Exam 9) (mean follow-up: 12.9 (3.5) years). Standardized neuropsychological tests were constructed into three factor scores (general cognitive performance, memory, processing speed/executive function). Healthy metabolic status was defined as the absence of all NCEP ATP III (2005) criteria (excluding waist circumference). MHO participants who scored positively for one or more of NCEP ATPIII parameters in the follow-up period were defined as unresilient MHO. RESULTS No significant difference on the change in cognitive function over time was observed between MHO and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN) individuals (all p > 0.05). However, a lower processing speed/executive functioning scale score was observed in unresilient MHO participants compared to resilient MHO participants (β = -0.76; 95% CI = -1.44, -0.08; p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Retaining a healthy metabolic status over time represents a more important discriminant in shaping cognitive function compared to body weight alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Kallithea, Attica, Greece
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Thomas Tsiampalis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Kallithea, Attica, Greece
| | - Manja Zec
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine (IMPACT), Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine (IMPACT), Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McKune
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT 2617, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Kallithea, Attica, Greece
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Kallithea, Attica, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Nyawose S, Naidoo R, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Dietary supplements and beverages: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among semi-professional soccer players in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 34:v34i1a14018. [PMID: 36815933 PMCID: PMC9924549 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2022/v34i1a14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ingestion of dietary supplements and beverages is prevalent in soccer, at the amateur and professional level. The absence of professional advice at non-professional level makes amateur soccer players susceptible to ingesting unsafe supplements. Objectives To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of ABC Motsepe League (semi-professional) players in KwaZulu-Natal regarding the use of dietary supplements and beverages. Methods Three hundred and forty-three soccer players participated in a cross-sectional study. Knowledge, attitudes and practices were determined using a questionnaire. Researchers visited twelve teams. On the day of the visit to each team, information sheets and questionnaires were given to participants. Questionnaires were collected immediately following completion. Descriptive statistics were used, including means and standard deviations, where applicable. Inferential statistics, Chi-square and binomial tests were used to analyse the results. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Sports beverages were the most recommended and commonly used, followed by energy beverages. Dietary supplements were the least-known used. Participants used beverages and dietary supplements to assist in providing more energy (67%), improve health (65%) and improve performance (55%) (p<0.001). Seventy-three percent of participants lacked knowledge about the anti-doping policy (p<0.001), with 87% having never attended a workshop on the safe use of supplements and beverages, or anti-doping awareness campaigns (p<0.001). Thirty-eight percent had not heard of the South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS), and 84% were not familiar with the yearly updated World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) prohibited list (p<0.001). Of the 59% who did not take dietary supplements or beverages, 75% had insufficient information regarding them (p<0.001), 66% indicated that dietary supplements and beverages were costly (p=0.001), and 55% indicated they did not need dietary supplements and beverages (p=0.32). Conclusion There is a need for an educational programme on the safe use of dietary supplements, and sports and energy beverages among KwaZulu-Natal semi-professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nyawose
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure Sciences. School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
South Africa
| | - R Naidoo
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure Sciences. School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
South Africa
| | - N Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT,
Australia,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Country, ACT,
Australia,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 17671,
Greece
| | - AJ McKune
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure Sciences. School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
South Africa,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Country, ACT,
Australia,Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT,
Australia,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT,
Australia
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D'Cunha NM, Isbel S, Goss J, Pezzullo L, Naumovski N, Gibson D. Assistive technology, information asymmetry and the role of brokerage services: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063938. [PMID: 36574986 PMCID: PMC9806033 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Access to assistive technologies (ATs) is a human right for people with disabilities, but there are a range of barriers, including lack of adequate information. This review aimed to explore the implications of information asymmetry on the delivery of AT and to investigate if there are effective and equitable ways of providing AT brokerage services to people needing AT. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES EBSCO Medline, EBSCO Cinahl, Academic Search Ultimate, Business Source Ultimate, Proquest Central, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO, EconLit and JSTOR were searched through 18 July 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Intervention and observational studies and articles directly related to information asymmetry and brokerage in the context of AT were included. In addition, a scan of web-based resources and services was undertaken. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Four authors independently screened the articles for inclusion and performed a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-three articles were identified. The narrative synthesis showed that: (1) AT users want access to impartial information sources; (2) users want to be involved in AT selection; (3) users benefit from access to demonstration sites; (4) users want access to training and ongoing support in their use of AT; and (5) users want access to information on new and emerging technologies. Access to information and user engagement, we produced better outcomes and satisfaction. Web-based repositories are valuable for user research and peer feedback, while demonstration sites address the need for expert advice, trial use of equipment, training and support in equipment use and maintenance. CONCLUSIONS Access to impartial information brokerage is critical to optimise AT selection. The implications of information asymmetry include lower user satisfaction, equipment underutilisation or abandonment. Aspects such as access to demonstration sites and web-based resources were also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Martin D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stephen Isbel
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - John Goss
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Kaleen, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lynne Pezzullo
- Well and Wise Health, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Diane Gibson
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Qin Y, Naumovski N, Ranadheera CS, D'Cunha NM. Nutrition-related health outcomes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) consumption: A systematic review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zheng X, Zhao Y, Naumovski N, Zhao W, Yang G, Xue X, Wu L, Granato D, Peng W, Wang K. Systems Biology Approaches for Understanding Metabolic Differences Using 'Multi-Omics' Profiling of Metabolites in Mice Fed with Honey and Mixed Sugars. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163445. [PMID: 36014951 PMCID: PMC9412287 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is proposed to be the oldest natural sweetener and it is a standard component of several dietary patterns. Recent evidence suggests that replacing sugars, such as fructose, with honey has potential health benefits. In this study, we determined the effects of honey supplementation in mice on cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers and changes in gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles. We compared mice fed a honey diet (1 or 2 g/kg) with those fed an analog diet (mixed fructose, glucose, and sucrose (FSG) solutions) at exact dosages for one month. We found the same blood glucose fluctuating trends for honey- and FGS-fed mice. The honey diets resulted in less weight gain and fewer ballooned hepatocytes. Additionally, honey diets decreased the total serum cholesterol and TNF-α and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity. Each diet type was associated with distinct gut microbiota and metabolomics profiles. Systems biology analysis revealed that Lactococcus spp., Lachnospiraceae spp., and oleamide had the strongest correlations with lipid metabolic networks. Although in an animal model, this study provides a good understanding of the potential benefits of choosing honey rather than mixed sugars in regular dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zheng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yazhou Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI), University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Bruce, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Wen Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (W.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Wenjun Peng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (W.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (W.P.); (K.W.)
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Kouvari M, Tsiampalis T, Kosti RI, Naumovski N, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Pitsavos CS, Panagiotakos DB, Mantzoros CS. Quality of plant-based diets is associated with liver steatosis, which predicts type 2 diabetes incidence ten years later: results from the ATTICA prospective epidemiological study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2094-2102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While Molnupiravir and Paxlovid have recently been approved for use in some countries, there are no widely available treatments for COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herbal extracts have been used to treat respiratory clinical indications by Ayurvedic medicine practitioners with minimal adverse reactions and intense research efforts are currently under way to develop some of these formulations for COVID-19 treatment. METHODS Literature search for in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on the topic of Ayurvedic formulations for potential COVID-19 treatment, in order to present the current state of current knowledge by integrating information across all systems. RESULTS The search yielded 20 peer reviewed articles on in silico studies examining the interaction of phytoconstituents of popular Ayurvedic formulations with SARS-CoV-2 components and its receptors; five articles on preclinical investigations of the ability of selected Ayurvedic formulations to inhibit functions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins; and 51 completed clinical trials on the efficacy of using Ayurvedic formulations for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. Clinical data was available from 17 of the 51 trials. There was a considerable overlap between formulations used in the in silico studies and the clinical trials. This finding was unexpected as there is no clearly stated alignment between studies and the traditional pathway to drug discovery- basic discovery leading to in vitro and in vivo proof of concept, followed by validation in clinical trials. This was further demonstrated in the majority of the in silico studies where focus was on potential antiviral mechanisms, while the clinical trials were focused on patient recovery using oral treatments. In all 17 clinical trials where data was available, Ayurvedic treatments lead to a shorter period to recovery in participants with COVID-19. CONCLUSION The most commonly used Ayurvedic treatments for management of respiratory symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection appear to have prophylactic and/or therapeutic properties. It would be of particular interest to assess synergistic and concomitant systemic effects and antiviral activities of individual phytoconstituents and their combinations in the Ayurvedic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Mahaboob Ali
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrea Bugarcic
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Ngunnawal Country, Australia
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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14
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Manzoor MF, Hussain A, Naumovski N, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmad N, Karrar E, Xu B, Ibrahim SA. A Narrative Review of Recent Advances in Rapid Assessment of Anthocyanins in Agricultural and Food Products. Front Nutr 2022; 9:901342. [PMID: 35928834 PMCID: PMC9343702 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.901342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are plant polyphenols that have received increased attention recently mainly due to their potential health benefits and applications as functional food ingredients. This has also created an interest in the development and validation of several non-destructive techniques of ACN assessments in several food samples. Non-destructive and conventional techniques play an important role in the assessment of ACNs in agricultural and food products. Although conventional methods appear to be more accurate and specific in their analysis, they are also associated with higher costs, the destruction of samples, time-consuming, and require specialized laboratory equipment. In this review article, we present the latest findings relating to the use of several spectroscopic techniques (fluorescence, Raman, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and near-infrared spectroscopy), hyperspectral imaging, chemometric-based machine learning, and artificial intelligence applications for assessing the ACN content in agricultural and food products. Furthermore, we also propose technical and future advancements of the established techniques with the need for further developments and technique amalgamations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Faculty of Life Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Xu
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Salam A. Ibrahim
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15
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D’Cunha NM, Sergi D, Lane MM, Naumovski N, Gamage E, Rajendran A, Kouvari M, Gauci S, Dissanayka T, Marx W, Travica N. The Effects of Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products on Neurocognitive and Mental Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122421. [PMID: 35745150 PMCID: PMC9227209 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are glycated proteins or lipids formed endogenously in the human body or consumed through diet. Ultra-processed foods and some culinary techniques, such as dry cooking methods, represent the main sources and drivers of dietary AGEs. Tissue accumulation of AGEs has been associated with cellular aging and implicated in various age-related diseases, including type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The current review summarizes the literature examining the associations between AGEs and neurocognitive and mental health disorders. Studies indicate that elevated circulating AGEs are cross-sectionally associated with poorer cognitive function and longitudinally increase the risk of developing dementia. Additionally, preliminary studies show that higher skin AGE accumulation may be associated with mental disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia. Potential mechanisms underpinning the effects of AGEs include elevated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are both key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and mental disorders. Decreasing dietary intake of AGEs may improve neurological and mental disorder outcomes. However, more sophisticated prospective studies and analytical approaches are required to verify directionality and the extent to which AGEs represent a mediator linking unhealthy dietary patterns with cognitive and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (N.N.); (M.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Melissa M. Lane
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (N.N.); (M.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Gamage
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Anushri Rajendran
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (N.N.); (M.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
- Heart and Mind Research, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Thusharika Dissanayka
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Daniloski D, D'Cunha NM, Speer H, McKune AJ, Alexopoulos N, Panagiotakos DB, Petkoska AT, Naumovski N. Recent developments on Opuntia spp., their bioactive composition, nutritional values, and health effects. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Kumar N, Daniloski D, Pratibha, Neeraj, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Petkoska AT. Pomegranate peel extract – A natural bioactive addition to novel active edible packaging. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Harriden B, D'Cunha NM, Kellett J, Isbel S, Panagiotakos DB, Naumovski N. Are dietary patterns becoming more processed? The effects of different dietary patterns on cognition: A review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:341-356. [PMID: 35450490 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221094129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Identifying dietary patterns that promote healthy aging has become increasingly important due to changes in food processing and consumption of processed foods. Recently, the effects of these foods and unhealthy dietary patterns on cognitive function have become more widely recognized. Aim: The aim of this review is to discuss the association between various dietary patterns and cognition in older age, while also highlighting growing evidence that ultra processed food (UPF) may negatively impact healthy aging. Methods: We have performed a non-systematic literature review searches in Google Scholar electronic database with pre-defined terms relating to UPF, diet, dietary patterns, cognition and ageing. Results: The most prevalent diets in the literature include the Western, Mediterranean, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurogenerative Delay (MIND), Japanese, Nordic, and plant-based diets. Based on the findings, higher intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables, wholegrains and oily fish are common components of dietary patterns that are positively associated with better cognitive function. In contrast, the characteristics of a Western style dietary pattern, consisting of high amounts of UPF's, are increasing in many countries even where the staple dietary pattern was identified as healthy (i.e. Japan). Conclusion: The consumption of UPF, classified by the NOVA food classification system as industrially manufactured foods containing high levels of starches, vegetable oils, sugar, emulsifiers, and foods additives, has a negative impact on the overall nutritional quality of individual diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Harriden
- Faculty of Health, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia
| | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia.,Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education, 68996Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Stephen Isbel
- Faculty of Health, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Faculty of Health, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia.,Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education, 68996Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Ngunnawal Country, ACT, Australia.,Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education, 68996Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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19
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Zaheer A, Naumovski N, Toohey K, Niyonsenga T, Yip D, Brown N, Mortazavi R. Prediction models for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory adults with pancreatic and gastro-oesophageal cancer: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056431. [PMID: 35246422 PMCID: PMC8900042 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of cancer. Pancreatic and gastro-oesophageal cancers are among malignancies that have the highest rates of VTE occurrence. VTE can increase cancer-related morbidity and mortality and disrupt cancer treatment. The risk of VTE can be managed with measures such as using anticoagulant drugs, although the risk of bleeding may be an impeding factor. Therefore, a VTE risk assessment should be performed before the start of anticoagulation in individual patients. Several prediction models have been published, but most of them have low sensitivity and unknown clinical applicability in pancreatic or gastro-oesphageal cancers. We intend to do this systematic review to identify all applicable published predictive models and compare their performance in those types of cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS All studies in which a prediction model for VTE have been developed, validated or compared using adult ambulatory patients with pancreatic or gastro-oesphageal cancers will be identified and the reported predictive performance indicators will be extracted. Full text peer-reviewed journal articles of observational or experimental studies published in English will be included. Five databases (Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane) will be searched. Two reviewers will independently undertake each of the phases of screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The quality of the selected studies will be assessed using Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool. The results from the review will be used for a narrative information synthesis, and if the same models have been validated in multiple studies, meta-analyses will be done to pool the predictive performance measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There is no need for ethics approval because the review will use previously peer-reviewed articles. The results will be published. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021253887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Zaheer
- Prehab, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) research Group, University of Canberra Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutritional Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra Faculty of Health Sciences, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kellie Toohey
- Prehab, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) research Group, University of Canberra Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Theophile Niyonsenga
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Desmond Yip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicholas Brown
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Office of Executive Director of Allied Health,Canberra Health Services, Garran, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Reza Mortazavi
- Prehab, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) research Group, University of Canberra Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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20
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Kashif RR, D’Cunha NM, Mellor DD, Alexopoulos NI, Sergi D, Naumovski N. Prickly Pear Cacti (Opuntia spp.) Cladodes as a Functional Ingredient for Hyperglycemia Management: A Brief Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020300. [PMID: 35208623 PMCID: PMC8874358 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing along with its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From a pathophysiological perspective, T2DM arises as a consequence of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which together induce chronic hyperglycemia. The pharmacological treatment of T2DM specifically focuses on its management, rather than remission, with a lack of pharmacological agents to prevent the onset of the disease. Considering the role of unhealthy dietary patterns on the development of T2DM, identifying novel food ingredients and bioactive substances may provide new avenues by which to address the T2DM epidemic. In this brief review, we have summarized the latest findings on the consumption of the prickly pear (PP; Opuntia spp.) cladode as a potential nutritional tool for the management of hyperglycemia. The consumption of prickly pear cladodes was reported to exert hypoglycemic effects, making it a potential cost-effective nutritional intervention for the management of T2DM. Several studies have demonstrated that the consumption of prickly pear cladodes and the related products reduced post-prandial glucose levels. The cladodes’ high fiber content may be implicated in improving glycemic control, by affecting glucose absorption and effectively slowing its release into the blood circulation. Given these potential hypoglycemic effects, prickly pear cladodes may represent a potential functional food ingredient to improve glycemic control and counter the negative metabolic effects of the modern Western diet. Nonetheless, in consideration of the lack of evidence on the chronic effects of the prickly pear cladode, future research aimed at evaluating its long-term effects on glycemic control is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Raahim Kashif
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Duane D. Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | | | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6206-8719
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21
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Bochenek H, Krga I, Sergi D, Kouvari M, Zec M, Naumovski N. Dietary patterns, caloric restrictions for management of cardiovascular disease and cancer; a brief review. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:41. [DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2301041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Speer KE, Koenig J, Telford RM, Olive LS, Mara JK, Semple S, Naumovski N, Telford RD, McKune AJ. Relationship between heart rate variability and body mass index: A cross-sectional study of preschool children. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101638. [PMID: 34976689 PMCID: PMC8684011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability and BMI are inversely related in preschool children. One unit increase in BMI resulted in a reduction in RMSSD(ln) of 0.06% Age, sex and physical activity levels did not influence this relationship.
Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with overweight and obesity in adults. However, little is known about this relationship in early childhood. We investigated the relationship between resting vagally-mediated HRV and body mass index (BMI) in Australian preschool children. Children were recruited from 13 non-government early learning centres located in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. From this population-based sample, data from 146 healthy children (58 females) between 3 and 5 years of age (mean age 4.35 ± 0.44 years) were analysed. BMI was calculated from child body weight and height. Physical activity was recorded using an Actigraph wGT3x accelerometer worn at the waist of participants over 3 consecutive days. A Polar H10 chest strap measured seated, resting RR intervals for the calculation of HRV with the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) reflecting vagally-mediated activity. The relationship between HRV and BMI was analysed using a linear mixed model adjusted for age, sex and physical activity. Analysis revealed that RMSSD (ln) demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with BMI (β = -0.06; 95% CI = -0.12 – −0.01; p = 0.032), and the model accounted for 23% of the variance in RMSSD (ln). Notably, a one unit increase in BMI resulted in a reduction in RMSDD (ln) of 0.06. This investigation demonstrated evidence for a significant inverse linear relationship between vagally-mediated HRV and BMI in 3 – 5-year-old Australian children, similar to that of adults. Furthermore, this relationship was independent of age, sex and physical activity levels. Results may indicate that the cardiometabolic health of preschool children is, in part, influenced by the relationship between vagally-mediated HRV and weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rohan M Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lisa S Olive
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jocelyn K Mara
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Richard D Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences/ University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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23
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Speer H, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Sex, Age, BMI, and C-Reactive Protein Impact the Odds of Developing Hypertension-Findings Based on Data From the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1057-1063. [PMID: 34106249 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and premature death, therefore determining factors that contribute to such a high burden of disease is critically important. This study examined anthropometric and physical measurements, as well as blood and saliva biomarkers, as predictors for hypertension using datasets from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study. METHODS A total of 2,924 participants (aged 74.84 ± 6.45 years) were included. Binary logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of sex, age, telomere length, C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), and additional markers on the odds of developing hypertension. RESULTS Males had 2.3 times the odds (odds ratio (OR) = 2.313, confidence interval (CI) 95% (1.391, 3.845); P = 0.001) of being hypertensive if they were obese, females had 1.7 times the odds (OR = 1.788, CI 95% (1.260, 2.536); P = 0.001) if overweight, and 2.4 times (OR = 2.479, CI 95% (1.693, 3.630); P < 0.001) if obese. Age in females was an independent predictor where every 1-year increase in age was tied to a 5.1% increase in being hypertensive (OR = 1.051, CI 95% (1.027, 1.075); P <0.001), and CRP (>3 mg/l) had 1.4 times the odds (OR = 1.447, CI 95% (1.079, 1.942); P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS This study provides verification for BMI as a predictor for hypertension and proposes age and CRP as predictors for females. Specific sex differences and life stage should be considered when evaluating hypertension risk to improve clinical outcomes and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Speer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Hunter M, McKune A, Toohey K, Naumovski N. Interaction between properties of commercial Australian honey and saliva: in vitro exploratory study of a potential mechanism in the treatment of oral mucositis. J Complement Integr Med 2021; 19:269-277. [PMID: 34587663 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral mucositis is a debilitating oncology treatment side effect, with honey identified as a viable management option due to established wound-healing abilities. However, effects of saliva on properties attributed to honey's wound-healing abilities is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify interactions between saliva, and antioxidant characteristics and pH of honey. METHODS Saliva was collected from 15 healthy participants (Females n=9; mean age=34.1 ± 11.2 years). Centrifuged salivary supernatant, whole saliva, and water were independently used to dilute commercial Australian honeys (n=42). Antioxidant characteristics (DPPH and FRAP) and pH of diluted honeys were analysed, and differences between dilution conditions were determined. RESULTS Honey and saliva dilutions increased antioxidant characteristics compared to water, and addition of honey to saliva reduced pH compared with saliva alone. There were significant differences between dilutions for FRAP and pH, and water and salivary conditions for DPPH (p<0.001). No difference was observed between salivary conditions for DPPH (p=0.931), suggesting smaller cells remaining in the supernatant possess antioxidant abilities. However, differences observed for FRAP suggest precipitable molecules, including epithelial and food debris, could provide additional antioxidant power. CONCLUSIONS The addition of saliva to honey may support properties attributed to honey's wound-healing abilities and should be considered in the context of oral mucositis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Hunter
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Kellie Toohey
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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25
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Speer KE, McKune AJ, Telford RM, Semple S, Naumovski N, Olive LS, Telford RD. Heart rate variability improves in 3-5-year-old children following a 6-month physical activity-based intervention: the Active Early Learning (AEL) cluster randomised controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:1-9. [PMID: 34432989 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) measurement provides non-invasive assessment of autonomic stability and cardiometabolic disease risk. Insufficient physical activity in early childhood may contribute to negative cardiometabolic health. The Active Early Learning (AEL) study was a 6-month randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of a physical activity-based program incorporating movement within the daily curriculum of preschool children. The current study assessed the effects of the AEL intervention on HRV as a measure of cardiac vagal control. Children aged between 3-5 years and enrolled in a preschool with an attendance of ≥15 children were eligible. Physical activity was recorded using an Actigraph wGT3x accelerometer worn at the waist of participants over 3 consecutive days. A Polar H10 chest strap measured HRV with the HF-band and RMSSD representing cardiac vagal control. After 6 months of the AEL trial, linear mixed model analyses revealed a significant intervention effect for increased HF (p = 0.044). The control group did not demonstrate changes in cardiac vagal control after the intervention ceased. Independent of age, sex, physical activity and BMI, the AEL study elicited significant improvements in the cardiac vagal control of participants who received the intervention. Findings highlight the importance of investigating HRV for assessing the cardiometabolic health in young children. ANZCTR trial registration number: ACTRN12619000638134. Novelty: The AEL curriculum improved child HRV independent of age, sex, physical activity and BMI. Heart rate and RR intervals did not demonstrate changes for the intervention and control groups. Multivariate programs for developing physical competence, confidence, knowledge and motivation may improve child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Rohan M Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Lisa S Olive
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard D Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Hunter M, Ghildyal R, D'Cunha NM, Gouws C, Georgousopoulou EN, Naumovski N. The bioactive, antioxidant, antibacterial, and physicochemical properties of a range of commercially available Australian honeys. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:532-542. [PMID: 34430875 PMCID: PMC8374640 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a supersaturated sugar solution produced from plant nectar, with its composition influenced by geographic and floral origins, and with several properties contributing to its health-related abilities. This study aimed to determine the bioactive composition, antioxidant characteristics, antibacterial activity, and physicochemical properties of commercial Australian honeys. In total, 42 commercial Australian honeys were selected, and categorised according to front-label descriptions. Honeys were analysed: quality (Hydroxymethylfurfural); colour (colour intensity, L*,a*,b*); bioactive composition (phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content); antioxidant characteristics (DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP); antibacterial activity (MIC50); physicochemical properties (pH, TSS, viscosity, a w). Colour intensity correlated with each assessed bioactive compound and antioxidant characteristic (p ≤ 0.001). MIC50 (S. aureus) was associated with FRAP and a w, suggesting mechanisms of action for honey's antibacterial activity. Manuka-type honeys had higher colour intensity (1440 (98.5) mAU) than other categories (p ≤ 0.05), and consistently higher bioactive and antioxidant properties. This provides the potential to inform antioxidant-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Hunter
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia
| | - Caroline Gouws
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia
| | - Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou
- Sydney School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Darlinghurst, Sydney, 2010, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Health and Medical Research, ACT Health Directorate, Phillip, 2606, ACT, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia
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27
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Hunter M, Kellett J, Toohey K, Naumovski N. Sensory and Compositional Properties Affecting the Likeability of Commercially Available Australian Honeys. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081842. [PMID: 34441619 PMCID: PMC8393184 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey’s composition and appearance is largely influenced by floral and geographic origins. Australian honeys are frequently sourced from supermarkets; however, properties associated with consumer preference and likeability remain relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to complete sensory and compositional analyses on a selection of commercially available Australian honeys. Samples (n = 32) were analysed for visual, olfactory and taste characteristics, with overall likeability assessed by the trained sensory panel (n = 24; M = 12). Compositional analysis included colour intensity (mAU); phenolic content; antioxidant characteristics (DPPH, CUPRAC); and physicochemical properties (pH, viscosity, total soluble solids). There were 23 honey samples that were significantly less liked when compared to the most liked honey (p < 0.05). The likeability of honey was positively associated with perceived sweetness (p < 0.01), and it was negatively associated with crystallisation; odour intensity; waxy, chemical, and fermented smell; mouthfeel; aftertaste; sourness; bitterness and pH (All p’s < 0.05). The price (AUD/100 g) was not associated with likeability (p = 0.143), suggesting price value potentially does not influence consumer preferences. Conclusively, differences in likeability between the honey samples demonstrate that consumer perception of sampled honeys is diverse. Honey preference is primarily driven by the organoleptic properties, particularly perceived negative tastes, rather than their antioxidant capacity or phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Hunter
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Kellie Toohey
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece
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Naumovski N, D’Cunha NM. Antioxidant, Phytochemical and Enzymatic Characteristics of Selected Medicinal Plants from the Republic of Korea: A commentary. Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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D'Cunha N, Kellett J, Isbel S, Low E, Mulhall S, Harriden B, Liu F, Bulman A, Speer H, De Jong DC, Fearon A, Kosari S, Frost J, McKune A, Gibson D, Panagiotakos D, Naumovski N. Nutrition and Healthy Ageing Trajectories in Retirement Living in the Australian Capital Territory: Study Protocol. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [PMCID: PMC8180736 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab057_001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There are a growing number of people aged over 55 years living in retirement communities in Australia. These communities typically consist of accommodation, services and community facilities which cater to older people and the desire to maintain independence. The Nutrition and Healthy Ageing Trajectories in Retirement Living (NutriHAT-RL) study aims to investigate the nutrition and lifestyle-based behaviours which contribute to healthy ageing and the maintenance of social and physical functioning among older people living in retirement communities. Methods This study will recruit a total of 2,770 people aged 55 years or over living in retirement communities in the Australian Capital Territory and southern New South Wales regions of Australia for a four-year prospective longitudinal study commencing in March 2021. A range of measures, including nutritional intake, health and lifestyle behaviours, cognitive and psychological function, and physical health, will be completed on three occasions over a total of four years. Participants will complete a face-to-face comprehensive, validated food frequency questionnaire at each time point. Risk of malnutrition and nutritional behaviour (emotional appetite and intuitive eating) will also be evaluated. Multiple mental, social, and physical health domains will be assessed at each time point. This will include cognitive and mental health (depression, anxiety, and loneliness) screening, social and occupational functioning questionnaires, self-reported and observed physical function assessments, and sleep quality. Bitter taste endophenotype, salivary C-reactive protein, telomere length, and blood biomarkers associated with healthy ageing will also be evaluated. Results Ethics approval has been obtained through the University of Canberra Human Ethics Research Committee (UCHREC-2306). To reduce risk of COVID-19 transmissions, a risk mitigation plan has been developed. Conclusions The NutriHAT-RL study will be the first Australian longitudinal study with a focus on nutrition and healthy ageing in people living in retirement communities. Findings from this study will contribute to understanding of nutrition and healthy ageing in this growing population and will inform policy and practice related to nutrition and ageing in place. Funding Sources N/A.
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Sergi D, Luscombe-Marsh N, Naumovski N, Abeywardena M, O'Callaghan N. Palmitic Acid, but Not Lauric Acid, Induces Metabolic Inflammation, Mitochondrial Fragmentation, and a Drop in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Primary Myotubes. Front Nutr 2021; 8:663838. [PMID: 34136519 PMCID: PMC8200524 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.663838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chain length of saturated fatty acids may dictate their impact on inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, two pivotal players in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. However, these paradigms have only been investigated in animal models and cell lines so far. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of palmitic (PA) (16:0) and lauric (LA) (12:0) acid on human primary myotubes mitochondrial health and metabolic inflammation. Human primary myotubes were challenged with either PA or LA (500 μM). After 24 h, the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas Western blot was used to quantify the abundance of the inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκBα), electron transport chain complex proteins and mitofusin-2 (MFN-2). Mitochondrial membrane potential and dynamics were evaluated using tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and immunocytochemistry, respectively. PA, contrarily to LA, triggered an inflammatory response marked by the upregulation of IL-6 mRNA (11-fold; P < 0.01) and a decrease in IκBα (32%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, whereas PA and LA did not differently modulate the levels of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins, PA induced mitochondrial fragmentation (37%; P < 0.001), decreased MFN-2 (38%; P < 0.05), and caused a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (11%; P < 0.01) compared to control, with this effect being absent in LA-treated cells. Thus, LA, as opposed to PA, did not trigger pathogenetic mechanisms proposed to be linked with insulin resistance and therefore represents a healthier saturated fatty acid choice to potentially preserve skeletal muscle metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Mahinda Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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31
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Lim LS, Tang XH, Yang WY, Ong SH, Naumovski N, Jani R. Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur-A Pilot Study. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:245-256. [PMID: 34069893 PMCID: PMC8162539 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The taste and food preferences in children can affect their food intake and body weight. Bitter and sweet taste sensitivities were identified as primary taste contributors to children's preference for consuming various foods. This pilot study aimed to determine the taste sensitivity and preference for bitter and sweet tastes in a sample of Malaysian children. A case-control study was conducted among 15 pairs of Malay children aged 7 to 12 years. Seven solutions at different concentrations of 6-n-propylthiouracil and sucrose were prepared for testing bitterness and sweet sensitivity, respectively. The intensity of both bitter and sweet sensitivity was measured using a 100 mm Labelled Magnitude Scale (LMS), while the taste preference was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were better at identifying bitter than sweet taste (median score 6/7 vs. 4/7). No significant differences were detected for both tastes between normal-weight and overweight groups (bitter: 350 vs. 413, p = 0.273; sweet: 154 vs. 263, p = 0.068), as well as in Likert readings (bitter 9 vs. 8: p = 0.490; sweet 22 vs. 22: p = 0.677). In this sample of Malay children, the participants were more sensitive to bitterness than sweetness, yet presented similar taste sensitivity and preference irrespective of their weight status. Future studies using whole food samples are warranted to better characterize potential taste sensitivity and preference in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ler Sheang Lim
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Xian Hui Tang
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-327-317-579; Fax: +60-386-567-229
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (N.N.); (R.J.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Rati Jani
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (N.N.); (R.J.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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32
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Sergi D, Luscombe-Marsh N, Heilbronn LK, Birch-Machin M, Naumovski N, Lionetti L, Proud CG, Abeywardena MY, O'Callaghan N. The Inhibition of Metabolic Inflammation by EPA Is Associated with Enhanced Mitochondrial Fusion and Insulin Signaling in Human Primary Myotubes. J Nutr 2021; 151:810-819. [PMID: 33561210 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained fuel excess triggers low-grade inflammation that can drive mitochondrial dysfunction, a pivotal defect in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether inflammation in skeletal muscle can be prevented by EPA, and if this is associated with an improvement in mitochondrial fusion, membrane potential, and insulin signaling. METHODS Human primary myotubes were treated for 24 h with palmitic acid (PA, 500 μM) under hyperglycemic conditions (13 mM glucose), which represents nutrient overload, and in the presence or absence of EPA (100 μM). After the treatments, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PPARGC1A) and IL6 was assessed by q-PCR. Western blot was used to measure the abundance of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IKBA), mitofusin-2 (MFN2), mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins, and insulin-dependent AKT (Ser473) and AKT substrate 160 (AS 160; Thr642) phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dynamics and membrane potential were evaluated using immunocytochemistry and the JC-1 (tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) dye, respectively. Data were analyzed using 1-factor ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Nutrient excess activated the proinflammatory NFκB signaling marked by a decrease in IKBA (40%; P < 0.05) and the upregulation of IL6 mRNA (12-fold; P < 0.001). It also promoted mitochondrial fragmentation (53%; P < 0.001). All these effects were counteracted by EPA. Furthermore, nutrient overload-induced drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (6%; P < 0.05) was prevented by EPA. Finally, EPA inhibited fuel surplus-induced impairment in insulin-mediated phosphorylation of AKT (235%; P < 0.01) and AS160 (49%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EPA inhibited NFκB signaling, which was associated with an attenuation of the deleterious effects of PA and hyperglycemia on both mitochondrial health and insulin signaling in human primary myotubes. Thus, EPA might preserve skeletal muscle metabolic health during sustained fuel excess but this requires confirmation in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lilla' Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli," University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Trajkovska Petkoska A, Daniloski D, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Broach AT. Edible packaging: Sustainable solutions and novel trends in food packaging. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109981. [PMID: 33648216 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel food packaging techniques are an important area of research to promote food quality and safety. There is a trend towards environmentally sustainable and edible forms of packaging. Edible packaging typically uses sustainable, biodegradable material that is applied as a consumable wrapping or coating around the food, which generates no waste. Numerous studies have recently investigated the importance of edible materials as an added value to packaged foods. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising method to provide use of bioactives, antimicrobials, vitamins, antioxidants and nutrients to potentially increase the functionality of edible packaging. It can act as edible dispensers of food ingredients as encapsulants, nanofibers, nanoparticles and nanoemulsions. In this way, edible packaging serves as an active form of packaging. It plays an important role in packaged foods by desirably interacting with the food and providing technological functions such as releasing scavenging compounds (antimicrobials and antioxidants), and removing harmful gasses such as oxygen and water vapour which all can decrease products quality and shelf life. Active packaging can also contribute to maintaining the nutritive profile of packaged foods. In this review, authors present the latest information on new technological advances in edible food packaging, their novel applications and provide examples of recent studies where edible packaging possesses also an active role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anka Trajkovska Petkoska
- Faculty of Technology and Technical Sciences, St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola, Dimitar Vlahov, 1400 Veles, Republic of North Macedonia.
| | - Davor Daniloski
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Anita T Broach
- CSI: Create.Solve.Innovate. LLC, 2020 Kraft Dr., Suite 3007, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Sharp E, D'Cunha NM, Ranadheera CS, Vasiljevic T, Panagiotakos DB, Naumovski N. Effects of lactose-free and low-lactose dairy on symptoms of gastrointestinal health: A systematic review. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vassou C, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Panagiotakos DB. Hostile personality as a risk factor for hyperglycemia and obesity in adult populations: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1659-1669. [PMID: 33520858 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have already provided valuable insights into the physiological and genetic causes of hyperglycemia and obesity. Concurrently, personality traits, such as hostility, have been suggested to have an impact on health and illness (i.e., self-reported general health, coronary artery disease, and overall mortality). The present systematic review investigated possible effects of hostility upon metabolic markers, such as high plasma glucose level and obesity among adults. We also attempted to reveal current gaps in knowledge and provide insights for future directions. Methods This systematic review was performed following the PRISMA 2009 guidelines to examine current evidence arising from observational studies regarding the potential impact of hostile behavior on hyperglycemia and obesity among adults. Of the initial 139 articles, 13 studies were included. Results The evidence supports an association between pre-diabetes and obesity with a hostile temperament in certain populations. The relationship between hostility and hyperglycemia was most common in African American women, in women with a family history of diabetes, in unmarried individuals, in White men, as well as in middle-aged and older people. Regarding obesity, high body mass index (BMI) was associated with a hostile personality, particularly among men. However, the paths by which hostile temperament affects glucose levels and BMI, as well as potential mediating and moderating mechanisms, are not entirely understood. Conclusions There is a need for research to enhance the understanding of biological, psychological and social factors related to hostility with a view to prevention and effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 176 71 Greece
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601 Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601 Australia
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 176 71 Greece.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601 Australia
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D'Cunha NM, McKune AJ, Isbel S, Kellett J, Georgousopoulou EN, Naumovski N. Psychophysiological Responses in People Living with Dementia after an Art Gallery Intervention: An Exploratory Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:549-562. [PMID: 31609692 PMCID: PMC6918920 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of existing public spaces by people living with dementia, such as museums and art galleries, are becoming popular due to their ability to facilitate programs which promote social engagement and inclusion. However, few studies have investigated physiological outcomes of art gallery-based programs. Using a quasi-experimental design, the present study aimed to investigate the levels of salivary biomarkers of cortisol and interleukin-6, quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms, cognition, and wellbeing, after attending the National Gallery of Australia (NGA) Art and Dementia program. Twenty-eight people living with dementia, each supported by a carer or family member, were recruited for a six-week program and were followed up at twelve weeks. In total, 25 participants (17 female; mean age 84.6±7.27 years) completed the study, and 22 provided viable saliva samples. The waking to evening salivary cortisol ratio was higher post-intervention (p = 0.033), and returned to baseline levels at follow-up (p = 1.00), indicating a more dynamic salivary cortisol rhythm in response to the six-week program. Interleukin-6 levels remained unchanged (p = 0.664). No improvements in QoL (DEMQOL-Carer) were observed between baseline and post-intervention (p = 0.076). However, self-reported depressive symptoms decreased post-intervention compared with baseline (p = 0.015), and memory (immediate recall) (p = 0.009) and verbal fluency (p = 0.027) improved between the same timepoints. The NGA Art and Dementia program appears to have quantifiable benefits, including improved hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, justifying a need for longer controlled trial inclusive of physiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Stephen Isbel
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Marx W, Scholey A, Firth J, D’Cunha NM, Lane M, Hockey M, Ashton MM, Cryan JF, O’Neil A, Naumovski N, Berk M, Dean OM, Jacka F. Prebiotics, probiotics, fermented foods and cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:472-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise the evidence from interventions investigating the effects of out of care setting activities on people with dementia living in residential aged care. DESIGN A systematic review. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library) was performed to identify intervention trials published from journal inception to January 2020. Controlled trials, or quasi-experimental trials, which measured pre-intervention, post-intervention or during-intervention outcomes, where the participants were required to leave the care setting to participate in an intervention, were eligible for inclusion. Quality appraisal of the studies was performed following the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tools. RESULTS Of the 4155 articles screened, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria from 9 different studies. The number of participants in the studies ranged from 6 to 70 people living with dementia and lasted for 3 weeks up to 5 months. The interventions were aquatic exercise, wheelchair cycling, art gallery discussion groups, an intergenerational mentorship programme, horse riding, walking and outdoor gardening. Overall, the studies indicated preliminary evidence of psychological (n=7), physical (n=4) and physiological (n=1) benefits, and all interventions were feasible to conduct away from the aged care facilities. However, the low number of participants in the included studies (n=177), the absence of a control group in all but three studies, and potential for selection bias, limits the generalisability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Activities outside of the residential aged care setting have the potential to be effective at providing a range of benefits for people living with dementia. Higher quality studies are required to encourage care providers to implement these type of activities in dementia care settings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020166518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Martin D'Cunha
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stephen Isbel
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jane Kellett
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Hunter M, Kellett J, Toohey K, D’Cunha NM, Isbel S, Naumovski N. Toxicities Caused by Head and Neck Cancer Treatments and Their Influence on the Development of Malnutrition: Review of the Literature. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2020; 10:935-949. [PMID: 34542427 PMCID: PMC8314324 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition poses a significant problem for oncology patients, resulting in fatalities within this population. Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are at high risk, with up to 90% developing malnutrition. Common treatments used for HNC can often lead to adverse side effects, including oral health conditions, gastrointestinal upsets, and several metabolic changes. Consequently, treatments can cause inadequate nutritional intake, resulting in a reduction in energy consumption, and alterations in energy utilization, contributing to the development of malnutrition. Furthermore, the presence of these treatment toxicities, and the related malnutrition can lead to reduced quality of life, weight loss, and psychological distress. There are interventions available (nutritional, medicinal, and physical therapies) that have demonstrated potential effectiveness in reducing the severity of symptomatic toxicities, reducing the risk of malnutrition, and improving survival outcomes of patients with HNC. Based on the findings of this review, there is an urgent need for the implementation or continuation of multi-disciplinary strategies, as well as updated and improved guidelines to assist in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition caused by treatment-related toxicities in patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Hunter
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia; (M.H.); (J.K.); (K.T.); (S.I.)
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia
| | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia; (M.H.); (J.K.); (K.T.); (S.I.)
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia
| | - Kellie Toohey
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia; (M.H.); (J.K.); (K.T.); (S.I.)
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia; (M.H.); (J.K.); (K.T.); (S.I.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia
| | - Stephen Isbel
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia; (M.H.); (J.K.); (K.T.); (S.I.)
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia; (M.H.); (J.K.); (K.T.); (S.I.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617 ACT, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61 (0)2-6206-8719
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Low E, Kellett J, Bacon R, Naumovski N. Food Habits of Older Australians Living Alone in the Australian Capital Territory. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5030055. [PMID: 32962146 PMCID: PMC7555807 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between adequate nutrition and quality of life for older persons is well established. With the proportion of older adults increasing, policy regarding support and care for the ageing has shifted emphasis to keeping older adults in their homes for as long as possible. Risk of malnutrition is an issue of importance for this population and, while this risk is well researched within the hospital setting, it is still relatively under-researched within the community-dwelling elderly, particularly with respect to the lived experience. This qualitative study (underpinned by interpretative phenomenology philosophy) explores how the lived experiences of community-dwelling older people living in one-person households in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) influences dietary patterns, food choices and perceptions about food availability. Using purposeful and snowballing sampling, older people (65 years and over) living alone in the community participated in focus group discussions triangulated with their family/carers. Data were thematically analysed using a previously established approach. Participants (n = 22) were interviewed in three focus groups. Three themes were identified: active and meaningful community connectedness; eating well and behaviours to promote dietary resilience. Of these, community connectedness was pivotal in driving food patterns and choices and was a central component influencing behaviours to eating well and maintaining dietary resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Low
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (R.B.); (N.N.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jane Kellett
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (R.B.); (N.N.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Rachel Bacon
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (R.B.); (N.N.)
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia; (J.K.); (R.B.); (N.N.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
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D’Cunha NM, Isbel ST, Frost J, Fearon A, McKune AJ, Naumovski N, Kellett J. Effects of a virtual group cycling experience on people living with dementia: A mixed method pilot study. Dementia 2020; 20:1518-1535. [DOI: 10.1177/1471301220951328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation and sedentary behaviour are common in residential aged care facilities (also known as nursing homes or long-term care). Use of new technologies such as virtual and augmented reality are currently under investigation for their potential to provide exciting and engaging activities for older people in residential aged care facilities. However, there is limited evidence on whether these technologies can promote physical activity in a small group setting for people with cognitive impairment. Using mixed methods, we examined the use of a virtual cycling experience in a sample of 10 participants with cognitive impairment living in residential aged care facilities. In a randomised crossover design, participants engaged in a 25-minute, self-paced, facilitated seated virtual cycling experience and a time-matched seated physical activity session in groups of five. All participants completed a brief pre- and post-intervention mood questionnaire. Video analysis was used for both conditions to compare levels of environmental stimulation, apathy and engagement using both the Person–Environment Apathy Rating Scale and the Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale. A thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews following the virtual cycling experience was also performed. No differences were observed between conditions for all outcomes except for environmental stimulation, where there was a lower response in the intervention than the control condition ( p = 0.032). This was primarily driven by lower scores for the virtual cycling experience than control in physical accessibility ( p = 0.012). Participants reported the virtual cycling experience to be immersive and challenging and reminisced about cycling earlier in life. The activity manager observed that the virtual cycling experience was an overall positive experience and emphasised benefits of safety screening and preparation prior to the activities. The findings of this study support the use of the virtual cycling experience as an immersive and engaging alternative to usual activities, which might encourage higher levels of physical activity in residential aged care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane Frost
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Angie Fearon
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
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Williams J, D’Cunha NM, Anstice N, McKune A, Naumovski N. Effect of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine on Physiological Responses: A Protocol for Clinical Trial. Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine 2020; 000:1-8. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Foscolou A, D’Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Tyrovolas S, Chrysohoou C, Rallidis L, Polychronopoulos E, Matalas AL, Sidossis LS, Panagiotakos D. The association between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and successful aging: An analysis of the ATTICA and MEDIS (MEDiterranean Islands Study) epidemiological studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Merrick E, Busby Grant J, Mckune A, D'cunha N, Murphy E, Naumovski N, Fry M. Measuring psychological and physiological stress in emergency clinicians. Australas Emerg Care 2020; 24:43-48. [PMID: 32518038 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding stress, team structure and decision-making has been used to inform efficacious team composition and deployment. There have been limited attempts to establish the relationship between psychological stress with physiological data within professional environments. The current study explored measures of psychological and physiological stress in Australian emergency practitioners. METHODS Thirty-seven staff in an Australian emergency department completed an online survey assessing freedom to make decisions, social support, and psychological job demands. Seven participants provided saliva samples three times daily for seven days (valid n=141 samples). Cortisol levels of the samples were analysed using competitive enzyme immunoassay kits, and α-amylase using kinetic enzyme assay kits. RESULTS Years of emergency experience was positively associated with freedom to make decisions, and social support was negatively correlated with psychological demand. No consistent pattern was observed between cortisol level and reported psychological demand, decision freedom or social support. Physical activity was not reflected in elevated α-amylase. Diurnal variation of cortisol and α-amylase was not affected by shiftwork. CONCLUSIONS The data supports the case for using multiple assessments to measure stress. While the psychological data is consistent with previous findings, there are possible disparities between psychological reports and physical indicators of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Merrick
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Murphy
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | | | - Margaret Fry
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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Mellor DD, Georgousopoulou EN, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Chrysohoou C, Tousoulis D, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB. Association between lipids and apolipoproteins on type 2 diabetes risk; moderating effects of gender and polymorphisms; the ATTICA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:788-795. [PMID: 32127339 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition defined by hyperglycaemia, but also often presents with dyslipidaemia and suppressed HDL cholesterol. Mendelian randomization studies have suggested a causal link between low HDL cholesterol and T2DM. However, influences of gender, polymorphisms and lifestyle, all known to influence HDL cholesterol, have not been fully explored in a prospective cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS In 2001-2002, a random sample of 1514 males (18-87 years old) and 1528 females (18-89 years old) were recruited in the ATTICA study. The 10-year follow-up (2011-2012) included 1485 participants. Lipids and lipoproteins levels, glucose and insulin levels were measured together with apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) 75 G/A genotype, which is known to influence HDL-cholesterol. In total, 12.9% of the study sample developed T2DM within the 10-year follow-up period. In multivariable models, for each mg/dL increase in apoA1 levels in males, 10-year T2DM risk decreased 1.02%; while every unit increase in apoB/LDL-cholesterol ratio increased risk 4-fold. Finally, for every unit increase in triglycerides/apoA1 ratio, the risk increased 85%. HOMA-IR independently predicted T2DM 10-year incidence only for carriers of GG polymorphism (all, p < 0.05), but not in carriers of the GA polymorphism (all, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION ApoA1 was associated with decreased T2DM risk and TG/ApoA1 and apoB/LDL were associated with increased risk of T2DM, only in males. ApoA1 polymorphism, which is associated with lower HDL cholesterol, influenced the predictive effects of HOMA-IR on T2DM incidence, which appeared to be moderated by physical activity, suggesting potential scope for more targeted preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane D Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA.
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Gouws C, Mortazavi R, Mellor D, McKune A, Naumovski N. The effects of Prickly Pear fruit and cladode (Opuntia spp.) consumption on blood lipids: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Speer H, D’Cunha NM, Alexopoulos NI, McKune AJ, Naumovski N. Anthocyanins and Human Health-A Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050366. [PMID: 32353990 PMCID: PMC7278778 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of anthocyanins (ACNs), due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of several different diseases and conditions. ACNs are recognized as one of the leading nutraceuticals for prolonging health benefits through the attenuation of oxidative stress, and inflammatory or age-related diseases. Increased consumption of ACNs has the potential to attenuate the damage ensuing from oxidative stress, inflammation, enhance cardiometabolic health, and delay symptoms in predisposed neuropathology. A myriad of evidence supports ACN consumption as complementary or standalone treatment strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases, as well as, more recently, for the modulation of gut bacteria and bone metabolism. While these findings indicate the beneficial effects of ACN consumption, their food sources differ vastly in ACN composition and thus potentially in their physiological effects. Consumption of foods high in ACNs can be recommended for their potential beneficial health effects due to their relatively easy and accessible addition to the everyday diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Speer
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (H.S.); (N.M.D.); (A.J.M.)
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UC-RISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (H.S.); (N.M.D.); (A.J.M.)
| | | | - Andrew J. McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (H.S.); (N.M.D.); (A.J.M.)
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UC-RISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4000, South Africa
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (H.S.); (N.M.D.); (A.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-6206-8719
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Speer KE, Semple S, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Heart rate variability for determining autonomic nervous system effects of lifestyle behaviors in early life: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2020; 217:112806. [PMID: 31954147 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unhealthy lifestyle negatively alters autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity as reflected by decreased heart rate variability (HRV), increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Research investigating the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on ANS activity in young children is limited. Early identification of these risk factors is vital to improving long-term individual and public health outcomes. A systematic review was conducted to assess the effect of maternal or child modifiable lifestyle factors on child ANS activity. METHODS Following the 2009 PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases were searched from February 2018 - July 2019 for articles describing human trials between 1996 - 2019. Included studies examined ANS activity of children between 28 weeks gestational age - 6 years in relation to modifiable lifestyle CVD risk factors. RESULTS Twenty-six studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies reported that modifiable lifestyle factors significantly influenced the HRV of children. Increased HRV was significantly associated with higher maternal zinc and omega-3 fatty acid intake, regular maternal aerobic exercise and a non-smoking environment. Child diet and body composition demonstrated some support for an association between these modifiable lifestyle factors and child HRV. CONCLUSION There is cross-sectional evidence supporting an association between maternal lifestyle factors and child HRV. Evidence is less supportive of a relationship between child modifiable lifestyle factors and child HRV. Monitoring the effects of lifestyle interventions on the ANS via HRV measurements of both mother and child may identify child CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia.
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences/ University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, (KwaZulu-Natal,) South Africa
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Williams J, McKune AJ, Georgousopoulou EN, Kellett J, D’Cunha NM, Sergi D, Mellor D, Naumovski N. The Effect of L-Theanine Incorporated in a Functional Food Product (Mango Sorbet) on Physiological Responses in Healthy Males: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030371. [PMID: 32210015 PMCID: PMC7142516 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of L-Theanine (L-THE) has been associated with a sensation of relaxation, as well as a reduction of stress. However, these physiological responses have yet to be elucidated in humans where L-THE is compared alongside food or as a functional ingredient within the food matrix. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological responses of a single intake of a potential functional food product (mango sorbet) containing L-THE (ms-L-THE; 200 mgw/w) in comparison to a flavour and colour-matched placebo (ms). Eighteen healthy male participants were recruited in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were required to consume ms-L-THE or placebo and their blood pressure (BP) (systolic and diastolic), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored continuously over 90 minutes. Eleven males (age 27.7 ± 10.8 years) completed the study. Changes in area under the curve for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and HRV over the 90 minute observation period indicated no differences between the three conditions (all p > 0.05) or within individual groups (all p > 0.05). The values for heart rate were also not different in the placebo group (p = 0.996) and treatment group (p = 0.066), while there was a difference seen at the baseline (p = 0.003). Based on the findings of this study, L-THE incorporated in a food matrix (mango sorbet) demonstrated no reduction in BP or HR and showed no significant parasympathetic interaction as determined by HRV high-frequency band and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Further studies should be focussed towards the comparison of pure L-THE and incorporation within the food matrix to warrant recommendations of L-THE alongside food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Williams
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.W.); (A.J.M.); (J.K.); (N.M.D.)
| | - Andrew J. McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.W.); (A.J.M.); (J.K.); (N.M.D.)
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4000, South Africa
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia
| | - Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou
- Centre for Health and Medical Research, ACT Health Directorate, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.W.); (A.J.M.); (J.K.); (N.M.D.)
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.W.); (A.J.M.); (J.K.); (N.M.D.)
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition & Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Duane Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B47ET, UK;
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.W.); (A.J.M.); (J.K.); (N.M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Kouvari M, Panagiotakos DB, Naumovski N, Chrysohoou C, Georgousopoulou EN, Yannakoulia M, Tousoulis D, Pitsavos C. Dietary anti-inflammatory index, metabolic syndrome and transition in metabolic status; a gender-specific analysis of ATTICA prospective study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 161:108031. [PMID: 32004695 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between dietary anti-inflammatory index (D-AII) and metabolic syndrome (MetS)prevalence, 10-year (2002-2012) diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia incidence and 10-year transition from healthy (absence of all MetS traits, excluding waist circumference) to unhealthy metabolic status. METHODS In 2001-2002, n = 1514 men and n = 1528 women (>18 years old) in Athens, Greece, free of cardiovascular disease were recruited. MetS was defined according to the revised NCEP ATP III (2005) or the IDF criteria or the harmonized criteria. The validated D-AII was calculated using a standardized procedure (range 10-77). RESULTS Inverse associations were observed between D-AII and transition from healthy to unhealthy metabolic status (Odds Ratio (OR)3rd vs. 1st tertile = 0.88 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI)(0.73, 0.98)) and diabetes (OR3rd vs. 1st tertile = 0.55, 95%CI(0.29, 0.77)). In women, D-AII was inversely associated with transition from healthy to unhealthy metabolic status (OR3rd vs. 1st tertile = 0.55, 95%CI(0.26, 0.90), diabetes (OR3rd vs. 1st tertile = 0.41, 95%CI(0.18, 0.64) and hypertension (OR3rd vs. 1st tertile = 0.75, 95%CI(0.20, 0.95), yet only with diabetes incidence in men (OR3rd vs. 1st tertile = 0.62, 95%CI(0.38, 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Diet with high anti-inflammatory load seems an effective preventive measure to retain a metabolically benign status, principally in terms of glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia.
| | | | | | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; School of Medicine, Sydney, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia; Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
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