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Tao W, Zeng Z, Qiu C, Qu W, Zhuang Y, Gu Y, Hao H, Zhao Z. Measurement of Zinc Ions in Seawater Samples Using a Microfluidic System Based on the GR/CeO 2/Nafion Material. Molecules 2024; 29:2867. [PMID: 38930930 PMCID: PMC11207100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering that heavy-metal contamination of seawater is getting worse, building a quick, accurate and portable device for detecting trace zinc in seawater in real time would be very beneficial. In this work, a microfluidic system was developed that includes a planar disc electrode, a micro-cavity for detection, an electrochemical workstation, a computer, a container for waste liquid reprocessing, an external pipeline and other components as well as a graphene/cerium oxide/nano-cerium oxide/Nafion composite membrane was used to modify the planar disc electrode (GR/CeO2/Nafion/Au) to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of Zn(II) using cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry and orthogonal test methods. Under optimal experimental conditions, the peak reaction current of Zn(II) showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of Zn(II) in the range of 1-900 μg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.998, and the detection limit of the method was 0.87 μg/L. In addition, the microfluidic system had good stability, reproducibility and anti-interference. The system was used for determining zinc ions in real seawater samples, and the results were very similar to those of inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry, demonstrating the practicality of the system for the detection of trace zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zexi Zeng
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chengjun Qiu
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Wei Qu
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yang Gu
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huili Hao
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zizi Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.)
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2
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Patil PD, Salokhe S, Karvekar A, Suryavanshi P, Phirke AN, Tiwari MS, Nadar SS. Microfluidic based continuous enzyme immobilization: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127358. [PMID: 37827414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional techniques for enzyme immobilization suffer from suboptimal activity recovery due to insufficient enzyme loading and inadequate stability. Furthermore, these techniques are time-consuming and involve multiple steps which limit the applicability of immobilized enzymes. In contrast, the use of microfluidic devices for enzyme immobilization has garnered significant attention due to its ability to precisely control immobilization parameters, resulting in highly active immobilized enzymes. This approach offers several advantages, including reduced time and energy consumption, enhanced mass-heat transfer, and improved control over the mixing process. It maintains the superior structural configuration in immobilized form which ultimately affects the overall efficiency. The present review article comprehensively explains the design, construction, and various methods employed for enzyme immobilization using microfluidic devices. The immobilized enzymes prepared using these techniques demonstrated excellent catalytic activity, remarkable stability, and outstanding recyclability. Moreover, they have found applications in diverse areas such as biosensors, biotransformation, and bioremediation. The review article also discusses potential future developments and foresees significant challenges associated with enzyme immobilization using microfluidics, along with potential remedies. The development of this advanced technology not only paves the way for novel and innovative approaches to enzyme immobilization but also allows for the straightforward scalability of microfluidic-based techniques from an industrial standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin D Patil
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sakshi Salokhe
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Aparna Karvekar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Prabhavati Suryavanshi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Ajay N Phirke
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Manishkumar S Tiwari
- Department of Data Science, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Shamraja S Nadar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Raub AAM, Hamidah I, Nandiyanto ABD, Ridwan J, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR, Yunas J. ZnO NRs/rGO Photocatalyst in a Polymer-Based Microfluidic Platform. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071749. [PMID: 37050362 PMCID: PMC10097181 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the development of ZnO NRs/rGO-based photocatalysts integrated into a tree-branched polymer-based microfluidic reactor for efficient photodegradation of water contaminants. The reactor system includes a photocatalytic reactor, tree-branched microfluidic channels, and ZnO nanorods (NRs) coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a glass substrate within an area of 0.6 × 0.6 cm2. The ZnO NRs/rGO acts as a photocatalyst layer grown hydrothermally and then spray-coated with rGO. The microfluidic system is made of PDMS and fabricated using soft lithography (micro molding using SU-8 master mold patterned on a silicon wafer). The device geometry is designed using AutoCAD software and the flow properties of the microfluidics are simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. The microfluidic platform’s photocatalytic process aims to bring the nanostructured photocatalyst into very close proximity to the water flow channel, reducing the interaction time and providing effective purification performance. Our functionality test showed that a degradation efficiency of 23.12 %, within the effective residence time of less than 3 s was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aini Ayunni Mohd Raub
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ida Hamidah
- Faculty of Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 207, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
- Faculty of Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 207, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Jaenudin Ridwan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Jumril Yunas
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Algorri JF, Roldán-Varona P, Fernández-Manteca MG, López-Higuera JM, Rodriguez-Cobo L, Cobo-García A. Photonic Microfluidic Technologies for Phytoplankton Research. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1024. [PMID: 36421145 PMCID: PMC9688872 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton is a crucial component for the correct functioning of different ecosystems, climate regulation and carbon reduction. Being at least a quarter of the biomass of the world's vegetation, they produce approximately 50% of atmospheric O2 and remove nearly a third of the anthropogenic carbon released into the atmosphere through photosynthesis. In addition, they support directly or indirectly all the animals of the ocean and freshwater ecosystems, being the base of the food web. The importance of their measurement and identification has increased in the last years, becoming an essential consideration for marine management. The gold standard process used to identify and quantify phytoplankton is manual sample collection and microscopy-based identification, which is a tedious and time-consuming task and requires highly trained professionals. Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip technology represents a potential technical solution for environmental monitoring, for example, in situ quantifying toxic phytoplankton. Its main advantages are miniaturisation, portability, reduced reagent/sample consumption and cost reduction. In particular, photonic microfluidic chips that rely on optical sensing have emerged as powerful tools that can be used to identify and analyse phytoplankton with high specificity, sensitivity and throughput. In this review, we focus on recent advances in photonic microfluidic technologies for phytoplankton research. Different optical properties of phytoplankton, fabrication and sensing technologies will be reviewed. To conclude, current challenges and possible future directions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Roldán-Varona
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Cobo
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Adolfo Cobo-García
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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5
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Microfluidics in smart packaging of foods. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee J, Kim M. Polymeric Microfluidic Devices Fabricated Using Epoxy Resin for Chemically Demanding and Day-Long Experiments. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:838. [PMID: 36290975 PMCID: PMC9599855 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a widely used material in laboratories for fabricating microfluidic devices with a rapid and reproducible prototypingability, owing to its inherent properties (e.g., flexibility, air permeability, and transparency). However, the PDMS channel is easily deformed under pressures applied to generate flows because of its elasticity, which can affect the robustness of experiments. In addition, air permeability of PDMS causes the pervaporation of water, and its porous structure absorbs oil and even small hydrophobic molecules, rendering it inappropriate for chemically demanding or day-long experiments. In this study, we develop a rapid and reproducible fabrication method for polymer-based rigid microfluidic devices, using epoxy resin that can overcome the limitations of PDMS channels, which are structurally and chemically robust. We first optimize a high-resolution fabrication protocol to achieve convenient and repeatable prototyping of polymeric devices via epoxy casting using PDMS soft molds. In addition, we compare the velocity changes in PDMS microchannels by tracking fluorescent particles in various flows (~133 μL/min) to demonstrate the structural robustness of the polymeric device. Furthermore, by comparing the adsorption of fluorescent hydrophobic chemicals and the pervaporation through channel walls, we demonstrate the excellent chemical resistance of the polymeric device and its suitability for day-long experiments. The rigid polymeric device can facilitate lab-on-chip research and enable various applications, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, anaerobic bacterial culture, and polymerase chain reaction, which require chemically or physically demanding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Lee
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
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Hou T, Ren Y, Chan Y, Wang J, Yan Y. Flow‐induced shear stress and deformation of a core–shell‐structured microcapsule in a microchannel. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1993-2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Hou
- Research Group for Fluids and Thermal Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Yong Ren
- Research Group for Fluids and Thermal Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Yue Chan
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of More Electric Aircraft Technology of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Yuying Yan
- Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
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8
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Li H, Chen R, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Li W, Li D, Liao Q. Light Controlled 3D Crystal Morphology for Droplet Evaporative Crystallization on Photosensitive Hydrophobic Substrate. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5910-5917. [PMID: 35730790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling crystal morphology is crucial in analytical chemistry and smart materials synthesis, etc. However, flexible manipulation of 3D crystal morphology still remains challenging. Herein, we present a novel and facile light strategy for droplet evaporative crystallization to manipulate macroscopic crystal morphology on photosensitive hydrophobic substrate possessing photothermal conversion property. We demonstrate that the spherical coronal shell and alms bowl-like crystal skeletons can be achieved on smooth photosensitive hydrophobic substrate, depending on the salt concentration. Rough photosensitive hydrophobic substrate further creates a bubble-assisted light strategy, by which a cylindrical shell-like crystal skeleton with a directionally controllable cavity is achieved. Amazingly, the proper additive endows droplet evaporative crystallization to form a closed crystal skeleton with the solution wrapped inside. The present study provides new ideas for designing a novel optical droplet microfluidic platform for controlling crystal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Weaver E, O'Hagan C, Lamprou DA. The sustainability of emerging technologies for use in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:861-872. [PMID: 35732275 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2093857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sustainability within the pharmaceutical industry is becoming a focal point for many companies, to improve the longevity and social perception of the industry. Both additive manufacturing (AM) and microfluidics (MFs) are continuously progressing, so are far from their optimization in terms of sustainability; hence, it is the aim of this review to highlight potential gaps alongside their beneficial features. Discussed throughout this review also will be an in-depth discussion on the environmental, legal, economic, and social particulars relating to these emerging technologies. AREAS COVERED Additive manufacturing (AM) and microfluidics (MFs) are discussed in depth within this review, drawing from up-to-date literature relating to sustainability and circular economies. This applies to both technologies being utilized for therapeutic and analytical purposes within the pharmaceutical industry. EXPERT OPINION It is the role of emerging technologies to be at the forefront of promoting a sustainable message by delivering plausible environmental standards whilst maintaining efficacy and economic viability. AM processes are highly customizable, allowing for their optimization in terms of sustainability, from reducing printing time to reducing material usage by removing supports. MFs too are supporting sustainability via reduced material wastage and providing a sustainable means for point of care analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Ezrre S, Reyna MA, Anguiano C, Avitia RL, Márquez H. Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms for Airborne Particulate Matter Applications: A Review of Current Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:191. [PMID: 35448251 PMCID: PMC9024784 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) devices are described as versatile, fast, accurate, and low-cost platforms for the handling, detection, characterization, and analysis of a wide range of suspended particles in water-based environments. However, for gas-based applications, particularly in atmospheric aerosols science, LoC platforms are rarely developed. This review summarizes emerging LoC devices for the classification, measurement, and identification of airborne particles, especially those known as Particulate Matter (PM), which are linked to increased morbidity and mortality levels from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. For these devices, their operating principles and performance parameters are introduced and compared while highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Discussing the current applications will allow us to identify challenges and determine future directions for developing more robust LoC devices to monitor and analyze airborne PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ezrre
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21100, Mexico;
| | - Marco A. Reyna
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21100, Mexico;
| | - Citlalli Anguiano
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21280, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.L.A.)
| | - Roberto L. Avitia
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexicali 21280, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.L.A.)
| | - Heriberto Márquez
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada 22860, Mexico;
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11
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Parker HE, Sengupta S, Harish AV, Soares RRG, Joensson HN, Margulis W, Russom A, Laurell F. A Lab-in-a-Fiber optofluidic device using droplet microfluidics and laser-induced fluorescence for virus detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3539. [PMID: 35241725 PMCID: PMC8894408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics has emerged rapidly over the past 20 years and has been investigated for a variety of applications from life sciences to environmental monitoring. Although continuous-flow microfluidics is ubiquitous, segmented-flow or droplet microfluidics offers several attractive features. Droplets can be independently manipulated and analyzed with very high throughput. Typically, microfluidics is carried out within planar networks of microchannels, namely, microfluidic chips. We propose that fibers offer an interesting alternative format with key advantages for enhanced optical coupling. Herein, we demonstrate the generation of monodisperse droplets within a uniaxial optofluidic Lab-in-a-Fiber scheme. We combine droplet microfluidics with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection achieved through the development of an optical side-coupling fiber, which we term a periscope fiber. This arrangement provides stable and compact alignment. Laser-induced fluorescence offers high sensitivity and low detection limits with a rapid response time making it an attractive detection method for in situ real-time measurements. We use the well-established fluorophore, fluorescein, to characterize the Lab-in-a-Fiber device and determine the generation of [Formula: see text] 0.9 nL droplets. We present characterization data of a range of fluorescein concentrations, establishing a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 nM fluorescein. Finally, we show that the device operates within a realistic and relevant fluorescence regime by detecting reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) products in the context of COVID-19 diagnostics. The device represents a step towards the development of a point-of-care droplet digital RT-LAMP platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Parker
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.9531.e0000000106567444Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Sanghamitra Sengupta
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.417889.b0000 0004 0646 2441AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achar V. Harish
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruben R. G. Soares
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Haakan N. Joensson
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Walter Margulis
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ,Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), 164 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 65 Solna, Sweden ,grid.5037.10000000121581746AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Laurell
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Laser Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Bonament A, Prel A, Sallese JM, Lallement C, Madec M. Analytic modelling of passive microfluidic mixers. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:3892-3908. [PMID: 35341279 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with a new analytical model for microfluidic passive mixers. Two common approaches already exist for such a purpose. On the one hand, the resolution of the advection-diffusion-reaction equation (ADRE) is the first one and the closest to physics. However, ADRE is a partial differential equation that requires finite element simulations. On the other hand, analytical models based on the analogy between microfluidics and electronics have already been established. However, they rely on the assumption of homogeneous fluids, which means that the mixer is supposed to be long enough to obtain a perfect mixture at the output. In this paper, we derive an analytical model from the ADRE under several assumptions. Then we integrate these equations within the electronic-equivalent models. The resulting models computed the relationship between pressure and flow rate in the microfluidic circuit but also takes the concentration gradients that can appear in the direction perpendicular to the channel into account. The model is compared with the finite element simulation performed with COMSOL Multiphysics in several study cases. We estimate that the global error introduced by our model compared to the finite element simulation is less than 5% in every use case. In counterparts, the cost in terms of computational resources is drastically reduced. The analytical model can be implemented in a large range of modelling and simulation languages, including SPICE and hardware description language such as Verilog-AMS. This feature is very interesting in the context of the in silico prototyping of large-scale microfluidic devices or multi-physics devices involving microfluidic circuits, e.g. lab-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Bonament
- Laboratory of Engineer Sciences, Computer Science and Imagine (ICube), UMR 7357 (UniversitȦ de Strasbourg/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique), Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexis Prel
- Laboratory of Engineer Sciences, Computer Science and Imagine (ICube), UMR 7357 (UniversitȦ de Strasbourg/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallese
- STI-IEL-Electronics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique FȦdȦrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lallement
- Laboratory of Engineer Sciences, Computer Science and Imagine (ICube), UMR 7357 (UniversitȦ de Strasbourg/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique), Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgan Madec
- Laboratory of Engineer Sciences, Computer Science and Imagine (ICube), UMR 7357 (UniversitȦ de Strasbourg/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique), Strasbourg, France
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Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidics by Spray on Printed Paper. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030639. [PMID: 35160629 PMCID: PMC8840650 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the monumental work conducted by Whitesides et al. in 2007, research and development of paper-based microfluidics has been widely carried out, with its applications ranging from chemical and biological detection and analysis, to environmental monitoring and food-safety inspection. Paper-based microfluidics possesses several competitive advantages over other substrate materials, such as being simple, inexpensive, power-free for fluid transport, lightweight, biodegradable, biocompatible, good for colorimetric tests, flammable for easy disposal of used paper-based diagnostic devices by incineration, and being chemically modifiable. Myriad methods have been demonstrated to fabricate paper-based microfluidics, such as solid wax printing, cutting, photolithography, microembossing, etc. In this study, fabrication of paper-based microfluidics was demonstrated by spray on the printed paper. Different from the normally used filter papers, printing paper, which is much more accessible and cheaper, was utilized as the substrate material. The toner was intended to serve as the mask and the patterned hydrophobic barrier was formed after spray and heating. The processing parameters such as toner coverage on the printing paper, properties of the hydrophobic spray, surface properties of the paper, and curing temperature and time were systematically investigated. It was found that, after repetitive printing four times, the toner was able to prevent the hydrophobic spray (the mixture of PDMS and ethyl acetate) from wicking through the printing paper. The overall processing time for fabrication of paper-based microfluidic chips was less than 10 min and the technique is potentially scalable. Glucose detection was conducted using the microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) as fabricated and a linear relationship was obtained between 1 and 10 mM.
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Chakraborty R, Maiti A, Sharma N, Dey KK. Active matter dynamics in confined microfluidic environments. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 186:245-265. [PMID: 35033287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of active matter is a nascent area of research in soft condensed matter physics, which is drawing on the expertise of researchers from diverse disciplines. Small scale active particles-both inorganic and biological-display non-trivial emergent dynamics and interactions that could help us understand complex biological processes and phenomena. Recently, using microfluidic technologies, several research groups have performed important experimental and theoretical studies to understand the behavior of self-propelled particles and molecular active matter within confined environments-to glean a fundamental understanding of the cellular processes occurring under ultra-low Reynolds number conditions. In this chapter, we would like to review applications of microfluidics in active matter research, highlighting a few important theoretical and experimental investigations. We will conclude the discussion with a note on the future of this field mentioning a few open questions that are at the forefront of our minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Chakraborty
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Arnab Maiti
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Bahnemann J, Grünberger A. Microfluidics in Biotechnology: Overview and Status Quo. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 179:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ou Y, Cao S, Zhang J, Dong W, Yang Z, Yu Z. Droplet microfluidics on analysis of pathogenic microbes for wastewater-based epidemiology. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 143:116333. [PMID: 34720276 PMCID: PMC8547957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes have posed a major health issue for the public, such as the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is emerging as an effective and unbiased method for monitoring public health. Despite its increasing importance, the advancement of WBE requires more competent and streamlined analytical platforms. Herein we discuss the interactions between WBE and droplet microfluidics, focusing on the analysis of pathogens in droplets, which is hard to be tackled by traditional analytical tools. We highlight research works from three aspects, namely, quantitation of pathogen biomarkers in droplets, single-cell analysis in droplets, and living cell biosensors in droplets, as well as providing future perspectives on the synergy between WBE and droplet microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangteng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Shixiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
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Chen Z, Xiong Q, Li S, Wang Y, Xu J. Experimental investigation of dynamic mass transfer during droplet formation using micro-LIF in a coaxial microchannel. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Badhe RV, Bijukumar D, Mesquita P, Cheng KY, Ramachandran RA, Lin Y, Mathew MT. Dynamic microfluidic bioreactor-Hip simulator (DMBH) system for implant toxicity monitoring. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4829-4839. [PMID: 34596239 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The generation of degradation products (DPs) like ions and organo-metallic particles from corroding metallic implants is an important healthcare concern. These DPs generate local and systemic toxicity. The impact on local toxicity is well documented, however, little is known about systemic toxicity. This is mainly due to the limited scope of the current microtiter plate-based (static) toxicity assay techniques. These methods do not mimic the systemic (dynamic) conditions. In this study, it is hypothesized that DPs incubated with cells in static conditions might provide improper systemic toxicity results, as there is no movement mimicking the blood circulation around cells. This study reports the development of a three-chambered prototype microfluidic system connected to the operational hip implant simulator to test the cellular response induced by the DPs. This setup is called a dynamic microfluidic bioreactor-hip simulator system. We hypothesize that a dynamic microfluidic system will provide a realistic toxicology response induced by DPs than a static cell culture plate. To prove the hypothesis, Neuro2a (N2a) cells were used as representative cells to study systemic neurotoxicity by the implant DPs. The microfluidic bioreactor system was validated by comparing the cell toxicity against the traditional static system and using COMSOL modeling for media flow with DPs. The hip implant simulator used in this study was a state-of-the-art sliding hip simulator developed in our lab. The results suggested that static toxicity was significantly more compared to dynamic microfluidic-based toxicity. The newly developed DMBH system tested for in situ systemic toxicity on N2a cells and demonstrated very minimum toxicity level (5.23%) compared to static systems (31.16%). Thus, the new DMBH system is an efficient tool for in situ implant metal systemic toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra V Badhe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Divya Bijukumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Pedro Mesquita
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kai Yuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Remya Ampadi Ramachandran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois, USA
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Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
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Shukla K, Agarwalla S, Duraiswamy S, Gupta RK. Recent advances in heterogeneous micro-photoreactors for wastewater treatment application. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Gopalakrishnan S, Pan S, Fernandez A, Lee J, Bai Y, Wang LS, Thayumanavan S, Duan X, Rotello VM. Hypersound-Assisted Size Sorting of Microparticles on Inkjet-Patterned Protein Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2826-2832. [PMID: 33577731 PMCID: PMC10590123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic approaches are important for biomedical diagnostics, chemical analysis, and a broad range of industrial applications. Size-based separation and sorting is an important tool for these applications. We report the integration of hypersound technology with patterned protein films to provide efficient sorting of microparticles based on particle charge and size. We employed a hypersonic resonator for the acoustic streaming of the fluidic system to generate microvortices that exert drag forces on the objects on the surface that are dictated by their radius of curvature. We demonstrate a size-based sorting of anionic silica particles using protein patterns and gradients fabricated using attractive cationic and repulsive anionic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuting Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
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22
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Tsao CW, Huang QZ, You CY, Hilpert M, Hsu SY, Lamorski K, Chang LC, Sławiński C. The effect of channel aspect ratio on air entrapment during imbibition in soil-on-a-chip micromodels with 2D and 2.5D pore structures. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:385-396. [PMID: 33315024 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01029d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a low-cost method for fabricating "soil-on-a-chip" micromodels with 2D and 2.5D pore structures by stacking layers made with a conventional low-cost tabletop CNC router followed by tape bonding. The pore structure was extracted from an X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning image of a medium-grain sandstone sample. The imbibition experiments performed in the 2D and 2.5D micromodels showed the trends of the residual saturation versus capillary number (Ca). The channels showed opposing trends for low-aspect-ratio 2D and high-aspect-ratio 2.5D micromodels. As the channel aspect ratio increased, the location of air entrapment changed from dead-end pores to transport pores. The sizes of trapped air bubbles in the transport pores decreased as the injection flow rates increased. To show the relationship between the air trapped size and Ca, we derived equations that described the competition between the bulk menisci and the corner flow in the channels for different Ca based on the "supply principle." The relative contributions of the piston displacement and corner film flow, which were dependent on the cross-sectional shapes of the pores and Ca, determined the size and location of the air bubbles trapped in the 2.5D micromodel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
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Shahvar A, Shamsaei D, Saraji M, Arab N, Alijani S. Microfluidic-based liquid-liquid microextraction in combination with smartphone-based on-chip detection for the determination of copper in biological, environmental, and food samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Etxebarria-Elezgarai J, Alvarez-Braña Y, Garoz-Sanchez R, Benito-Lopez F, Basabe-Desmonts L. Large-Volume Self-Powered Disposable Microfluidics by the Integration of Modular Polymer Micropumps with Plastic Microfluidic Cartridges. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Etxebarria-Elezgarai
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Yara Alvarez-Braña
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Rosa Garoz-Sanchez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Micro and Nanodevices, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Micro and Nanodevices, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, María Díaz Haroko Kalea, 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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Ahmad F, Zhu D, Sun J. Bacterial chemotaxis: a way forward to aromatic compounds biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2020; 32:52. [DOI: 10.1186/s12302-020-00329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AbstractWorldwide industrial development has released hazardous polycyclic aromatic compounds into the environment. These pollutants need to be removed to improve the quality of the environment. Chemotaxis mechanism has increased the bioavailability of these hydrophobic compounds to microorganisms. The mechanism, however, is poorly understood at the ligand and chemoreceptor interface. Literature is unable to furnish a compiled review of already published data on up-to-date research on molecular aspects of chemotaxis mechanism, ligand and receptor-binding mechanism, and downstream signaling machinery. Moreover, chemotaxis-linked biodegradation of aromatic compounds is required to understand the chemotaxis role in biodegradation better. To fill this knowledge gap, the current review is an attempt to cover PAHs occurrence, chemical composition, and potential posed risks to humankind. The review will cover the aspects of microbial signaling mechanism, the structural diversity of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins at the molecular level, discuss chemotaxis mechanism role in biodegradation of aromatic compounds in model bacterial genera, and finally conclude with the potential of bacterial chemotaxis for aromatics biodegradation.
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Tsao CW, Wu ZK. Polymer Microchannel and Micromold Surface Polishing for Rapid, Low-Quantity Polydimethylsiloxane and Thermoplastic Microfluidic Device Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2574. [PMID: 33147807 PMCID: PMC7692984 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based micromolding has been proposed as an alternative to SU-8 micromolding for microfluidic chip fabrication. However, surface defects such as milling marks may result in rough microchannels and micromolds, limiting microfluidic device performance. Therefore, we use chemical and mechanical methods for polishing polymer microchannels and micromolds. In addition, we evaluated their performance in terms of removing the machining (milling) marks on polymer microchannel and micromold surfaces. For chemical polishing, we use solvent evaporation to polish the sample surfaces. For mechanical polishing, wool felt polishing bits with an abrasive agent were employed to polish the sample surfaces. Chemical polishing reduced surface roughness from 0.38 μm (0 min, after milling) to 0.13 μm after 6 min of evaporation time. Mechanical polishing reduced surface roughness from 0.38 to 0.165 μm (optimal pressing length: 0.3 mm). As polishing causes abrasion, we evaluated sample geometry loss after polishing. Mechanically and chemically polished micromolds had optimal micromold distortion percentages of 1.01% ± 0.76% and 1.10% ± 0.80%, respectively. Compared to chemical polishing, mechanical polishing could better maintain the geometric integrity since it is locally polished by computer numerical control (CNC) miller. Using these surface polishing methods with optimized parameters, polymer micromolds and microchannels can be rapidly produced for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) casting and thermoplastic hot embossing. In addition, low-quantity (15 times) polymer microchannel replication is demonstrated in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
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Porter GCE, Sikora SNF, Shim JU, Murray BJ, Tarn MD. On-chip density-based sorting of supercooled droplets and frozen droplets in continuous flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3876-3887. [PMID: 32966480 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00690d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The freezing of supercooled water to ice and the materials which catalyse this process are of fundamental interest to a wide range of fields. At present, our ability to control, predict or monitor ice formation processes is poor. The isolation and characterisation of frozen droplets from supercooled liquid droplets would provide a means of improving our understanding and control of these processes. Here, we have developed a microfluidic platform for the continuous flow separation of frozen from unfrozen picolitre droplets based on differences in their density, thus allowing the sorting of ice crystals and supercooled water droplets into different outlet channels with 94 ± 2% efficiency. This will, in future, facilitate downstream or off-chip processing of the frozen and unfrozen populations, which could include the analysis and characterisation of ice-active materials or the selection of droplets with a particular ice-nucleating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C E Porter
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Jung-Uk Shim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Benjamin J Murray
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Mark D Tarn
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Zhong R, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang G, Gong N, Wang M, Sun Y. A real-time isothermal amplification based portable microfluidic system for simple and reliable detection of Vibrio splendidus. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2985-2994. [PMID: 32930158 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spread of infectious diseases among aquaculture species has a serious impact on the aquaculture industry. Simple, specific and low-cost detection methods are urgently needed for early diagnosis and timely treatment, particularly for on-site identifying and tracking of pathogens. Vibrio splendidus (V. splendidus) is regarded as one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing skin ulcerative syndrome in cultured sea cucumbers, leading to massive mortality and severe economic losses. We herein present a microfluidic-based real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for simple and reliable detection of V. splendidus. A LAMP primer set with six primers (arsB1) specifically targeting the arsB gene of V. splendidus was successfully designed and tested on the portable microfluidic system for the first time. Only a single step of sample loading using a pipette is required to fill an array of reaction wells (with 10 or 18 wells) in a disposable chip for multiplex detection. A dedicated plastic shell is then utilized to tightly seal the openings of the chip by buckling to prevent contamination and evaporation. Up to four chips (one sample per chip) can be held in the stand-alone and inexpensive microdevice simultaneously, enabling on-demand detection of multiple samples in a single run. Reproducible (relatively low intra- and inter-chip variability) and sensitive (as few as ∼20 CFU, Colony-Forming Units, per reaction well) on-chip arsB1-LAMP assay was demonstrated by using diluted lysate of V. splendidus. A linear standard curve (R2 > 0.98) was attained over the template concentration range of 5 × 103 to 5 × 106 CFU mL-1. V. splendidus can be detected in samples containing different bacteria, indicating the feasibility of the portable microfluidic LAMP system for parallel detection of multiple bacterial pathogens. The proposed on-chip LAMP assay is simple to operate, reliable for amplification, flexible in detection and cost-effective in instrumentation and testing, holding great potential for on-site rapid detection and routine monitoring of aquaculture pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runtao Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Shilin Liu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Dalian University, Dalian Economic & Technical Development Zone, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Beijing Baicare Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Gong
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
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Morgan SC, Hendricks AD, Seto ML, Sieben VJ. A Magnetically Tunable Check Valve Applied to a Lab-on-Chip Nitrite Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4619. [PMID: 31652900 PMCID: PMC6864443 DOI: 10.3390/s19214619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Presented here is the fabrication and characterization of a tunable microfluidic check valve for use in marine nutrient sensing. The ball-style valve makes use of a rare-earth permanent magnet, which exerts a pulling force to ensure it remains passively sealed until the prescribed cracking pressure is met. By adjusting the position of the magnet, the cracking pressure is shown to be customizable to meet design requirements. Further applicability is shown by integrating the valve into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) lab-on-chip device with an integrated optical absorbance cell for nitrite detection in seawater. Micro-milling is used to manufacture both the valve and the micro-channel structures. The valve is characterized up to a flow rate of 14 mL min-1 and exhibits low leakage rates at high back pressures (<2 µL min-1 at ~350 kPa). It is low cost, requires no power, and is easily implemented on microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Morgan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Andre D Hendricks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Mae L Seto
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Vincent J Sieben
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Kumar S, Nehra M, Mehta J, Dilbaghi N, Marrazza G, Kaushik A. Point-of-Care Strategies for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4476. [PMID: 31623064 PMCID: PMC6833035 DOI: 10.3390/s19204476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases that originated due to pathogen microorganisms are emerging as a serious global health concern. Therefore, rapid, accurate, and specific detection of these microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic pathogens) in water resources has become a requirement of water quality assessment. Significant research has been conducted to develop rapid, efficient, scalable, and affordable sensing techniques to detect biological contaminants. State-of-the-art technology-assisted smart sensors have improved features (high sensitivity and very low detection limit) and can perform in a real-time manner. However, there is still a need to promote this area of research, keeping global aspects and demand in mind. Keeping this view, this article was designed carefully and critically to explore sensing technologies developed for the detection of biological contaminants. Advancements using paper-based assays, microfluidic platforms, and lateral flow devices are discussed in this report. The emerging recent trends, mainly point-of-care (POC) technologies, of water safety analysis are also discussed here, along with challenges and future prospective applications of these smart sensing technologies for water health diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Jyotsana Mehta
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA.
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Fang Z, Cao XR, Yu YL, Li M. Fabrication and characterization of microcapsule encapsulating EOR surfactants by microfluidic technique. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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